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EP0118570B1 - Extracting hood with air circulation - Google Patents

Extracting hood with air circulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0118570B1
EP0118570B1 EP83101730A EP83101730A EP0118570B1 EP 0118570 B1 EP0118570 B1 EP 0118570B1 EP 83101730 A EP83101730 A EP 83101730A EP 83101730 A EP83101730 A EP 83101730A EP 0118570 B1 EP0118570 B1 EP 0118570B1
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Prior art keywords
fume
flow
hood
air
speed
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EP83101730A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0118570A2 (en
EP0118570A3 (en
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Hannelore Röhl-Hager
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • F24C15/2028—Removing cooking fumes using an air curtain

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circulating air extractor hood according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a circulating air extractor hood is used in connection with kitchen stoves, grill stations or other work surfaces that cause haze or dust.
  • the filtered air is blown into the working space via a circulating air opening in the hood housing, which usually points obliquely upwards.
  • the area of the intake filter, which is usually upstream of the blower, is approximately 20-30 times the air circulation opening.
  • the intake fan requires a delivery volume of up to 500 cbm / h, which naturally causes considerable flow noise. With such hoods, the trend is towards even higher delivery volumes.
  • the degree of separation of filters is never 100%, the unfiltered air impurities are blown back into the work area with such air circulation hoods. If the degree of filter separation is insufficient, the recirculation hood can accelerate the spread of vapors due to the forced rapid circulation of the room air.
  • a pure exhaust air system is known from DE-A 1 963456, in which circulating air cannot be blown into the work space because this air is extracted from the room into the open.
  • this known suction system should be achieved that z. B. in open grill stations that are installed in a dining room, the flow conditions are not affected by the strong suction of the used air in the dining room.
  • a single extraction hood is provided for several parallel cooking zones, which consists of two parallel hood attachments arranged next to one another, one of which forms the extraction duct and the other of which forms the fresh air distribution ducts.
  • the air emerging from the air outlet slots forms a fresh air curtain, which lies in front of the used air rising from the stovetop, mixes with the used air and prevents a draft effect in the surrounding space due to the air extraction.
  • the total air is then led outside through the suction duct.
  • Air guiding blades are assigned to the air outlet slots, which make it possible to set the direction of the fresh air curtain to the stove.
  • a combined exhaust and recirculation hood in which part of the exhaust air generated by the blower is returned to the circuit; the proportion of the circulating air flow is small compared to the proportion of the exhaust air flow.
  • the circulating air flow forms an air curtain, which limits the space between the stove surface and the underside of the extractor hood to the front and to the outside and is intended to prevent the exhaust air rising from the stove from escaping to the side.
  • an all-round vertical gap is provided on the outer walls of the hood, which is connected to the fan by means of a radially and horizontally running channel.
  • the downward air flow represents an air curtain that extends down to approximately the level of the top of the cooking vessels.
  • the floor plan of the hood corresponds to the floor plan of the cooker. Since the major part of the air conveyed by the blower is discharged to the outside, a high blower power is required and the effectiveness of the hood is relatively low.
  • a circulating air extractor hood with filter devices which has lateral air ducts through which the blower air is directed downwards and outwards past the stove in such a way that an air curtain enclosing the stove at a distance is formed, which should prevent it that the odorous substances released in the area of the cooking vessels get into the free space.
  • the floor plan of the hood is at least equal to the floor area of the worktop.
  • the blower must also be designed for high performance, since the blower air flow is directed into the free space below the surface of the cooker and thus the energy of this air flow is lost for the air circuit.
  • the object of the invention is accordingly to achieve a circulating air hood with the lowest possible blower output or delivery rate and the greatest possible effectiveness, in particular to produce the hood with a smaller depth and smaller overall dimensions than the known comparable hoods, which significantly reduce the flow noise compared to conventional hoods keep circulating the air to be cleaned faster than before, and to prevent the escape of primary vapor from the suction area into the work area.
  • the suction effect of the blower is considerably supported, so that the blower power can be kept extremely low and, due to the lower air throughput, the flow noises can be reduced to such an extent that the noise occurring during the operation of the hood is no longer perceived as disturbing becomes.
  • the additional upflow and the support of the suction effect of the fan also ensure that the exhaust air forming the upflow does not reach the kitchen area with its residual haze, but sweeps over the stove and thereby additionally promotes haze up into the suction surface of the hood.
  • a major advantage of the invention is seen in particular in the fact that the amount of air to be conveyed by the blower is circulated only within the area of the hood-vapor source, so that apart from the much smaller amount of air that can be circulated, which can be achieved thereby, an extremely short path of the air to be circulated is achieved, whereby a precisely defined and particularly effective recirculation takes place.
  • the dynamic upflow is formed between two free jets that are blown vertically onto a flat surface (literature reference H. Hertel “Wall currents and upflows from the deflection of free jet groups” Progress Reports VDI-Zeitschrift, Series 12, No. 11, July 1966), see Figure 6.
  • the inflow to a suction surface takes place from the entire surrounding space.
  • the inflow velocity u s (x) decreases rapidly with the distance x (FIG. 7).
  • the extractor hood 2 is arranged at a normal working distance above a cooker 1 or a hotplate or a vapor source.
  • the suction flow 10 of the suction chamber 4 of the hood 2 and the blower 5 is fed via a filter 3.
  • the blower conveys the filtered air into the pressure chamber 6. From the pressure chamber 6 of the hood 2, the air is passed through at the lower outer peripheral edge of the hood a front outlet slot 7 and blown down through two side outlet slots 8 against the stove 1.
  • the area of the blow-out slots 8 is in a special embodiment of the invention about 1/10 of the suction surface of the filter 3.
  • the inclination of the blow-out slots 8 is selected so that the blow-out jet 11, which spreads according to the free jet theory, when it hits the hob area of the kitchen range forms a storage line 12 which surrounds the hob area.
  • the upflow 13 is formed, which considerably supports the suction effect of the blower.
  • the blow-out mass flow is divided into a portion I, which is fed back to the hood in the upstream flow, and into the portion II, which gets into the work area, but which does not leave the range of the cooker or the haze source due to the suction effect of the fan and is continuously added to the upstream in recirculation mode.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in which a hood 15 which can be pulled out to the front is arranged on the hood 14.
  • a blow-out slot 16 is provided, which directs the front blow-out stream 17 in the area of the screen 15 to the underside of the screen.
  • a wall jet 18 is formed in which the exhaust air flows along the underside of the screen up to the front edge of the screen and on the underside and leaves the screen at the front edge as a free jet down to the stove. This is preferably done in the manner shown in FIG. 4.
  • the air flow 20 flowing out of the blower 19 passes through the air duct 21 down to a deflection and impact surface 22 which deflects the air flow 20 and as a wall jet 23 through the blow-out slot 16 against the underside of the screen 15 and along its surface to the detaching edge 24 and then directed downwards as free jet 17 against the stove 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Fouling (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

1. Fume extraction hood with air circulation having longitudinal blow-out slots (7, 8 ; 24), which operates in connection with a working surface and which is provided above a kitchen stove (1) or a similar dust or fume source, with which by means of a hood fan (5) with filter (3) the fume is exhausted from the fume source (1) and is discharged within the hood through air passages (4, 6, 7, 8) for being discharged from the hood in order to be reabsorbed and further purified, and with which an air curtain (11) is generated by the lower peripheral rim, which restricts the fume flow, which extends downwardly and outwardly in an inclined manner, and which prevents the fume flow from escaping from the area above the fume source outwardly, characterized in that the air curtain on at least two opposite free lateral surfaces or on all free lateral surfaces is downwardly directed in the form of locally plane free jets (11) in an angle of about 10-15 degrees towards the edge of the working surface in such a manner that the air curtain when hitting the working surface forms a ram line (12) and the inwardly directed air flow is introduced into the suction area (10) as a dynamic updraft flow (13), whereby the speed of the updraft flow is a multiple of the speed of the suction flow at the introduction area.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Umluft-Dunstabzugshaube nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Eine derartige Umluft-Dunstabzugshaube wird in Verbindung mit Küchenherden, Grillstationen oder anderen, Dunst oder Staub verursachenden Arbeitsflächen verwendet.The invention relates to a circulating air extractor hood according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a circulating air extractor hood is used in connection with kitchen stoves, grill stations or other work surfaces that cause haze or dust.

Bei bekannten Umluft-Dunstabzugshauben wird die gefilterte Luft über eine Umluftöffnung im Haubengehäuse, die üblicherweise schräg nach oben zeigt, in den Arbeitsraum geblasen. Die Fläche des Ansaugfilters, das in der Regel dem Gebläse vorgeschaltet ist, beträgt das ca. 20-30fache der Umiuftöffnung. Vom Ansauggebläse wird ein Fördervolumen bis zu 500 cbm/h gefordert, das naturgemäß ein erhebliches Strömungsgeräusch verursacht. Die Tendenz geht bei derartigen Abzugshauben in Richtung noch höherer Fördervolumina.In known circulating air extractor hoods, the filtered air is blown into the working space via a circulating air opening in the hood housing, which usually points obliquely upwards. The area of the intake filter, which is usually upstream of the blower, is approximately 20-30 times the air circulation opening. The intake fan requires a delivery volume of up to 500 cbm / h, which naturally causes considerable flow noise. With such hoods, the trend is towards even higher delivery volumes.

Da der Abscheidegrad von Filtern nie 100 % beträgt, werden bei derartigen Umlufthauben die nicht abgefilterten Luftverunreinigungen in den Arbeitsraum zurückgeblasen. Bei ungenügendem Filterabscheidegrad kann deshalb die Umlufthaube infolge der zwangsweise schnellen Umwälzung der Raumluft eine beschleunigte Dunstausbreitung zur Folge haben.Since the degree of separation of filters is never 100%, the unfiltered air impurities are blown back into the work area with such air circulation hoods. If the degree of filter separation is insufficient, the recirculation hood can accelerate the spread of vapors due to the forced rapid circulation of the room air.

Da die Zuströmgeschwindigkeit v zur Abzugshaube näherungsweise mit dem Quadrat des Abstandes r von der Ansaugfläche abnimmt (v z 1/r2), ist eine sehr hohe Luftleistung erforderlich, damit schnell aufsteigende Dunstpartikel von der Ansaugströmung in die Abzugshaube mitgenommen werden. Eine weitere Steigerung der Gebläseleistung ist jedoch aus Lärmgründen nicht akzeptabel, so daß bei den herkömmlichen Abzugshauben ein erheblicher Teil des Dunstes direkt in den umgebenden Arbeitsraum entweichen kann.Since the inflow speed v to the extractor hood decreases approximately with the square of the distance r from the intake surface (vz 1 / r 2 ), a very high air output is required so that rapidly rising vapor particles are taken away from the intake flow into the extractor hood. However, a further increase in the blower output is not acceptable for noise reasons, so that with the conventional extractor hoods a considerable part of the haze can escape directly into the surrounding work area.

Aus der DE-A 1 963456 ist ein reines Abluftsystem bekannt, bei dem Umluft nicht in den Arbeitsraum geblasen werden kann, weil diese Luft aus dem Raum in das Freie abgesaugt wird. Mit dieser bekannten Absauganlage soll erreicht werden, daß z. B. bei offenen Grillstationen, die in einem Speiseraum installiert sind, durch die starke Absaugung der verbrauchten Luft im Speiseraum die Strömungsverhältnisse nicht beeinflußt werden. Hierbei ist für mehrere parallele Kochstellen eine einzige Absaughaube vorgesehen, die aus zwei parallelen, nebeneinander angeordneten Haubenaufsätzen besteht, deren einer den Absaugkanal und deren anderer die Frischluftverteilerkanäle ausbildet. Die aus den Luftaustrittsschlitzen austretende Luft bildet einen Frischluftschleier, der sich vor die von der Herdanlage aufsteigende verbrauchte Luft legt, sich mit der verbrauchten Luft vermischt und verhindert, daß durch die Luftabsaugung eine Zugwirkung im umgebenden Raum auftritt. Die Gesamtluft wird dann ins Freie über den Absaugkanal geführt. Den Luftaustrittsschlitzen sind Luftleitlamellen zugeordnet, die es ermöglichen, die Richtung des Frischluftschleiers zur Herdanlage einzustellen. Bei derartigen Ablufthauben tritt das bei Umlufthauben auftretende Problem, daß die abgefilterten Luftverunreinigungen wieder in den Arbeitsraum zurückgeblasen werden, nicht auf. Aufgrund der Konstruktion dieser Absauganlage ist eine hohe Gebläseleistung erforderlich. Des weiteren sind die Grundrißdimensionen der Haube im Vergleich zu der darunterliegenden Arbeitsfläche verhältnismäßig groß.A pure exhaust air system is known from DE-A 1 963456, in which circulating air cannot be blown into the work space because this air is extracted from the room into the open. With this known suction system should be achieved that z. B. in open grill stations that are installed in a dining room, the flow conditions are not affected by the strong suction of the used air in the dining room. In this case, a single extraction hood is provided for several parallel cooking zones, which consists of two parallel hood attachments arranged next to one another, one of which forms the extraction duct and the other of which forms the fresh air distribution ducts. The air emerging from the air outlet slots forms a fresh air curtain, which lies in front of the used air rising from the stovetop, mixes with the used air and prevents a draft effect in the surrounding space due to the air extraction. The total air is then led outside through the suction duct. Air guiding blades are assigned to the air outlet slots, which make it possible to set the direction of the fresh air curtain to the stove. With such exhaust hoods, the problem that arises with recirculating hoods that the filtered air impurities are blown back into the work area does not occur. Due to the design of this extraction system, a high fan power is required. Furthermore, the floor plan dimensions of the hood are relatively large compared to the work surface underneath.

Aus der DE-A 1 679 545 ist eine kombinierte Abluft- und Umlufthaube bekannt, bei der ein Teil der vom Gebläse erzeugten Abluft in den Kreislauf zurückgeführt wird ; der Anteil des Umluftstromes ist im Vergleich zum Anteil des Abluftstromes gering. Der Umluftstrom bildet einen Luftvorhang, der den Raum zwischen Herdoberfläche und Unterseite der Abzugshaube nach vorne und nach außen begrenzt und ein seitliches Entweichen der vom Herd aufsteigenden Abluft verhindern soll. Hierzu ist an den Haubenaußenwänden ein rundum laufender vertikaler Spalt vorgesehen, der mit Hilfe eines radial und horizontal verlaufenden Kanales mit dem Gebläse in Verbindung steht. Über diesen Spalt wird der kleinere Luftstrom, der von dem Gebläse nicht in das Freie abgeführt wird, senkrecht nach unten geblasen ; damit diese senkrechte Richtung des Luftstromes erreicht wird, ist am Austrittsende des Spaltes eine düsenartige Verengung vorgesehen. Der nach abwärts gerichtete Luftstrom stellt dabei einen Luftvorhang dar, der sich nach unten bis etwa in Höhe der Oberkante der Kochgefäße erstreckt. Die Grundrißfläche der Haube entspricht dabei der Grundrißfläche des Herdes. Da der wesentliche Teil der von dem Gebläse geförderten Luft nach außen in das Freie abgeführt wird, ist eine hohe Gebläseleistung erforderlich und die Effektivität der Haube relativ gering.From DE-A 1 679 545 a combined exhaust and recirculation hood is known, in which part of the exhaust air generated by the blower is returned to the circuit; the proportion of the circulating air flow is small compared to the proportion of the exhaust air flow. The circulating air flow forms an air curtain, which limits the space between the stove surface and the underside of the extractor hood to the front and to the outside and is intended to prevent the exhaust air rising from the stove from escaping to the side. For this purpose, an all-round vertical gap is provided on the outer walls of the hood, which is connected to the fan by means of a radially and horizontally running channel. The smaller air flow, which is not discharged into the open air by the blower, is blown vertically downward through this gap; so that this vertical direction of the air flow is reached, a nozzle-like constriction is provided at the outlet end of the gap. The downward air flow represents an air curtain that extends down to approximately the level of the top of the cooking vessels. The floor plan of the hood corresponds to the floor plan of the cooker. Since the major part of the air conveyed by the blower is discharged to the outside, a high blower power is required and the effectiveness of the hood is relatively low.

Ferner ist aus der DE-A 1 604 293 eine Umluftabzugshaube mit Filtervorrichtungen bekannt, die seitliche Luftführungskanäle aufweist, durch die die Gebläseluft so nach unten und außen am Herd vorbei gerichtet wird, daß ein den Herd im Abstand umschließender Luftschleier gebildet wird, der verhindern soll, daß die im Bereich der Kochgefäße frei werdenden Geruchsstoffe in den freien Raum gelangen. Die Grundrißfläche der Haube ist hierbei mindestens gleich der Grundrißfläche der Arbeitsplatte. Das Gebläse muß hierbei ferner für eine hohe Leistung ausgelegt sein, da der Gebläseluftstrom bis unter die Herdoberfläche in den freien Raum gerichtet wird und damit die Energie dieses Luftstromes für den Luftkreislauf verlorengeht.Furthermore, from DE-A 1 604 293 a circulating air extractor hood with filter devices is known, which has lateral air ducts through which the blower air is directed downwards and outwards past the stove in such a way that an air curtain enclosing the stove at a distance is formed, which should prevent it that the odorous substances released in the area of the cooking vessels get into the free space. The floor plan of the hood is at least equal to the floor area of the worktop. The blower must also be designed for high performance, since the blower air flow is directed into the free space below the surface of the cooker and thus the energy of this air flow is lost for the air circuit.

Die hauptsächlichen, an moderne Umluft-Dunstabzugshauben zu stellenden Anforderungen sind :

  • 1. eine möglichst geringe Saugleistung des Gebläses, damit der durch das Gebläse bedingte Geräuschpegel so gering wie möglich gehalten werden kann,
  • 2. möglichst keine Abmessungen der Abzugshaube, zumindest im Abstand von der Wand zur Vorderkante der Haube, damit die Haube beim Kochen nicht stört,
  • 3. eine möglichst rasche Umwälzung der zu reinigenden Luft.
The main requirements for modern air extractor hoods are:
  • 1. the lowest possible suction power of the blower so that the noise level caused by the blower can be kept as low as possible,
  • 2. if possible, no dimensions of the extractor hood, at least at a distance from the wall to the front edge of the hood, so that the hood does not interfere with cooking,
  • 3. A rapid circulation of the air to be cleaned.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es demgemäß, eine Umlufthaube mit möglichst geringer Gebläseleistung bzw. Fördermenge und möglichst großer Effektivität zu erzielen, die Haube insbes. mit geringerer Tiefe und geringeren Gesamtabmessungen als die bekannter vergleichbarer Hauben herzustellen, die Strömungsgeräusche im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Hauben wesentlich geringer zu halten, die zu reinigende Luft rascher als bisher umzuwälzen, und den Austritt vom Primärdunst aus dem Ansaugbereich in den Arbeitsraum zu verhindern.The object of the invention is accordingly to achieve a circulating air hood with the lowest possible blower output or delivery rate and the greatest possible effectiveness, in particular to produce the hood with a smaller depth and smaller overall dimensions than the known comparable hoods, which significantly reduce the flow noise compared to conventional hoods keep circulating the air to be cleaned faster than before, and to prevent the escape of primary vapor from the suction area into the work area.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird dies bei einer Luft- und Dunstabzugshaube der gattungsgemäßen Art mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des Anspruches 1 erreicht. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.According to the invention, this is achieved in an air and extractor hood of the generic type with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Umluft-Dunstabzugshaube wird die Ansaugwirkung des Gebläses erheblich unterstützt, so daß damit die Gebläseleistung außerordentlich gering gehalten werden kann und aufgrund des geringeren Luftdurchsatzes die Strömungsgeräusche so weit verringert werden können, daß das im Betrieb der Haube auftretende Geräusch nicht mehr als störend empfunden wird. Durch den zusätzlichen Aufstrom und die Unterstützung der Ansaugwirkung des Gebläses wird ferner erreicht, daß die den Aufstrom bildende Abluft mit ihrem Restdunst nicht in den Küchenbereich gelangt, sondern den Herd überstreicht und dabei zusätzlich Dunst nach oben in die Ansaugfläche der Haube fördert. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung wird insbesondere auch darin gesehen, daß die vom Gebläse zu fördernde Luftmenge nur innerhalb des Bereiches Haube-Dunstquelle umgewälzt wird, so daß abgesehen von der dadurch erzielbaren wesentlich geringeren Luftmenge, die umzuwälzen ist, ein außerordentlich kurzer Weg der umzuwälzenden Luft erreicht wird, wodurch eine genau definierte und besonders effektive-Rezirkulation stattfindet.With the circulating air extractor hood according to the invention, the suction effect of the blower is considerably supported, so that the blower power can be kept extremely low and, due to the lower air throughput, the flow noises can be reduced to such an extent that the noise occurring during the operation of the hood is no longer perceived as disturbing becomes. The additional upflow and the support of the suction effect of the fan also ensure that the exhaust air forming the upflow does not reach the kitchen area with its residual haze, but sweeps over the stove and thereby additionally promotes haze up into the suction surface of the hood. A major advantage of the invention is seen in particular in the fact that the amount of air to be conveyed by the blower is circulated only within the area of the hood-vapor source, so that apart from the much smaller amount of air that can be circulated, which can be achieved thereby, an extremely short path of the air to be circulated is achieved, whereby a precisely defined and particularly effective recirculation takes place.

Wesentlich für die einwandfreie Arbeitsweise der Umluft-Dunstabzugshaube nach der Erfindung ist, daß zur Erzeugung des Luftvorhanges die Luft durch ebene längliche Schlitze ausgeblasen wird. Ein ebener länglicher Schlitz erzeugt einen ebenen Freistrahl, während eine Lochreihe eine Serie von runden Freistrahlen ergibt. Die Freistrahltheorie (Literaturstelle H. Schlichting, Grenzschichttheorie, Verlag G. Braun, Karlsruhe) besagt, daß der ebene Freistrahl im Vergleich zu runden Freistrahlen weniger schnell abgebremst wird, da der ebene Freistrahl eine geringere Reibungsoberfläche besitzt als der runde Freistrahl. Für den Geschwindigkeitsverlauf :

  • des ebenen Freistrahles gilt
    Figure imgb0001
  • des runden Freistrahles gilt
    Figure imgb0002
It is essential for the correct operation of the circulating air extractor hood according to the invention that the air is blown out through flat elongated slots to produce the air curtain. A flat, elongated slot creates a flat free jet, while a row of holes results in a series of round free jets. The free jet theory (literature reference H. Schlichting, Grenzschichttheorie, Verlag G. Braun, Karlsruhe) states that the flat free jet is braked less quickly compared to round free jets, since the flat free jet has a lower friction surface than the round free jet. For the speed curve:
  • of the level free jet applies
    Figure imgb0001
  • of the round free jet applies
    Figure imgb0002

Dabei ist x die Entfernung vom Abstrahlort, d die Schlitzhöhe bzw. der Lochdurchmesser, uo die Geschwindigkeit an der Stelle x = 0, und u(x) die Geschwindigkeit im Abstand x vom Schlitz bzw. von den Löchern jeweils längs der Strahlachse.Here x is the distance from the radiation location, d the slot height or hole diameter, u o the speed at the point x = 0, and u (x) the speed at a distance x from the slot or from the holes along the beam axis.

Zum Verständnis der Ausbildung des dynamischen Aufstromes und dessen Geschwindigkeit im Vergleich mit der Zuströmgeschwindigkeit zu einer Saugöffnung wird nachstehend kurz auf die Theorie eingegangen.To understand the formation of the dynamic upflow and its speed in comparison with the inflow speed to a suction opening, the theory is briefly discussed below.

Der dynamische Aufstrom bildet sich zwischen zwei Freistrahlen aus, die senkrecht auf eine ebene Fläche geblasen werden (Literaturstelle H. Hertel « Wandströmungen und Aufströme aus der Umlenkung von Freistrahlgruppen » Fortschritt Berichte VDI-Zeitschrift, Reihe 12, Nr. 11, Juli 1966), siehe Figur 6. Die Aufströmgeschwindigkeit uA ist proportional der Freistrahlgeschwindigkeit u(x) an der Staufläche. also uA = k u(x). Die Zuströmung zu einer Saugfläche erfolgt aus dem gesamten umgebenden Raum. Die Zuströmgeschwindigkeit us(x) nimmt mit dem Abstand x rasch ab (Figur 7).The dynamic upflow is formed between two free jets that are blown vertically onto a flat surface (literature reference H. Hertel “Wall currents and upflows from the deflection of free jet groups” Progress Reports VDI-Zeitschrift, Series 12, No. 11, July 1966), see Figure 6. The inflow speed u A is proportional to the free jet speed u (x) on the storage area. thus u A = ku (x). The inflow to a suction surface takes place from the entire surrounding space. The inflow velocity u s (x) decreases rapidly with the distance x (FIG. 7).

Eine Abschätzung des Verhältnisses von Aufstromgeschwindigkeit uA zu Ansauggeschwindigkeit us ergibt :

Figure imgb0003
k = 0.5 bedeutet uA = Halbwertgeschwindigkeit im Freistrahl, wobei k = empirischer Faktor Für u(x) im ebenen Freistrahl gilt (Literaturstelle H. Schlichting « Grenzschicht-Theorie ») :
Figure imgb0004
wobei Uo = Ausblasegeschwindigkeit, h = Schlitzbreite, I = SchlitzlängeAn estimate of the ratio of upstream velocity u A to intake velocity u s results in:
Figure imgb0003
 k = 0.5 means u A = half-value velocity in the free jet, where k = empirical factor For u (x) in the plane free jet (reference H. Schlichting “boundary layer theory”):
Figure imgb0004
 where Uo = blow-out speed, h = slot width , I = slot length

Für uA ergibt sich :

Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
wobei V = Luftdurchsatz, FA = Abluftschlitzfläche = h.lFor u A we get:
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
 where V = air flow rate, F A = exhaust air slot area = hl

Zuströmgeschwindigkeit us Inflow velocity u s

Für die Zuströmgeschwindigkeit zu einer Saugfläche gilt (Literaturstelle W. Pfeiffer, Absaugluftmengen von Erfassungseinrichtungen offener Bauart, Staub-Reinh. Luft (1982) Nr. 8, Seiten 303-308) :

Figure imgb0007
wobei Fs = Ansaugfläche, V = Luftdurchsatz, x = AbstandThe following applies to the inflow speed to a suction surface (literature reference W. Pfeiffer, quantities of exhaust air from open-type detection devices, Dust Clean Air (1982) No. 8, pages 303-308):
Figure imgb0007
 where F s = suction area, V = air flow, x = distance

Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis uA/us :

Figure imgb0008
Speed ratio u A / u s :
Figure imgb0008

Diese Gleichung zeigt, daß die Aufstromgeschwindigkeit mit dem Verhältnis von Saug- zu Ausblasefläche zunimmt. Entscheidend ist jedoch, daß das Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis bei zunehmenden Abstand der Staufläche x erheblich zunimmt. Dies ergibt sich daraus, daß die Ansauggeschwindigkeit us mit 1/X 2 abnimmt, während die Aufstromgeschwindigkeit uA nur mit 1/√x abnimmt. Dies sei an einem Zahlenbeispiel, das typisch für die Anwendung bei Dunstabzugshauben ist, dargelegt :

  • Flächenverhältnis Fs/FA = 10
  • Eintrittsfläche Fs = 0,1 m2
  • Abstand x = 0,6 m
  • Schlitzbreite h = 0,01 m
  • Empirischer Faktor k = 0,5
    Figure imgb0009
This equation shows that the upstream velocity increases with the ratio of suction to blow-out area. It is crucial, however, that the speed ratio increases considerably as the distance between the storage surface x increases. This results from the fact that the suction speed u s decreases with 1 / X 2 , while the upflow speed u A only decreases with 1 / √x. This is illustrated using a numerical example that is typical for use with extractor hoods:
  • Area ratio F s / F A = 10
  • Entry area F s = 0.1 m 2
  • Distance x = 0.6 m
  • Slot width h = 0.01 m
  • Empirical factor k = 0.5
    Figure imgb0009

Aus diesem Zahlenbeispiel ergibt sich, daß der dynamische Aufstrom über dem Herd eine Geschwindigkeit in Richtung auf die Abzugshaube liefert, die 46 mal größer ist als die reine Ansaugströmung. Selbst wenn die Aufstromgeschwindigkeit nur das 10 fache der Ansauggeschwindigkeit betragen sollte, übertrifft die Aufstromwirkung die Ansaugwirkung ganz entscheidend, so daß der mit der Erfindung erzielbare Effekt außergewöhnlich groß ist.From this numerical example it follows that the dynamic upstream over the stove delivers a speed towards the extractor hood which is 46 times greater than the pure intake flow. Even if the upstream speed should only be 10 times the suction speed, the upstream effect significantly exceeds the suction effect, so that the effect which can be achieved with the invention is extraordinarily great.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert. Es zeigt :

  • Fig. 1 eine Querschnittsansicht längs der Linie I-I der Figur 2 einer Dunstabzugshaube nach der Erfindung mit angedeutetem Herd, in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Längsschnittansicht längs der Linie II-II der Figur 1 durch die Abzugshaube nach Figur 1 in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. eine Querschnittsansicht in einer Darstellung ähnlich der nach Figur 1 einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer Abzugshaube mit herausziehbarem Schirm, in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 4 einen Ausschnitt aus der Darstellung nach Figur 3 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
  • Fig. eine schematische Darstellung des Geschwindigkeitsverlaufes in einem ebenen Freistrahl,
  • Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung der Ausbildung des dynamisches Aufstromes zwischen zwei Freistrahlen,
  • Fig. 7 eine schematische Darstellung der Ansaugströmung.
The invention is explained below in connection with the drawing using exemplary embodiments. It shows :
  • 1 is a cross-sectional view along the line II of Figure 2 of an extractor hood according to the invention with indicated stove, in a schematic representation,
  • 2 is a longitudinal sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 1 through the hood of Figure 1 in a schematic representation,
  • 1 shows a cross-sectional view in a representation similar to that of FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of an extractor hood with a pull-out screen, in a schematic representation,
  • 4 shows a detail from the illustration according to FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale,
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the speed curve in a flat free jet, FIG.
  • 6 is a schematic representation of the formation of the dynamic upstream between two free jets,
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the intake flow.

Oberhalb eines Kochherdes 1 bzw. einer Kochstelle bzw. einer Dunstquelle ist die Abzugshaube 2 im normalen Arbeitsabstand angeordnet. Über einen Filter 3 wird die Ansaugströmung 10 der Saugkammer 4 der Haube 2 und dem Gebläse 5 zugeführt. Das Gebläse fördert die gefilterte Luft in die Druckkammer 6. Aus der Druckkammer 6 der Haube 2 wird die Luft am unteren äußeren Umfangsrand der Haube durch eine vorderen Ausblaseschlitz 7 sowie durch zwei seitliche Ausblaseschlitze 8 nach unten gegen den Herd 1 geblasen.The extractor hood 2 is arranged at a normal working distance above a cooker 1 or a hotplate or a vapor source. The suction flow 10 of the suction chamber 4 of the hood 2 and the blower 5 is fed via a filter 3. The blower conveys the filtered air into the pressure chamber 6. From the pressure chamber 6 of the hood 2, the air is passed through at the lower outer peripheral edge of the hood a front outlet slot 7 and blown down through two side outlet slots 8 against the stove 1.

Die Fläche der Ausblaseschlitze 8 beträgt bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform der Erfindung etwa 1/10 der Ansaugfläche des Filters 3. Die Neigung der Ausblaseschlitze 8 ist so gewählt, daß der Ausblasestrahl 11, der sich nach der Freistrahltheorie ausbreitet, beim Auftreffen auf den Kochfeldbereich des Küchenherdes eine Staulinie 12 bildet, die den Kochfeldbereich umschließt. Innerhalb dieser Staulinie, die in den Schnittzeichnungen nach den Figuren 1-3 als Staupunkt sichtbar ist, bildet sich der Aufstrom 13 aus, der die Ansaugwirkung des Gebläses erheblich unterstützt. An der Staulinie teilt sich der Ausblasemassenstrom in einen Anteil I, der im Aufstrom wieder der Haube zugeführt wird, und in den Anteil II, der in den Arbeitsraum gelangt, der aber durch die Ansaugwirkung des Gebläses den Bereich des Herdes bzw. der Dunstquelle nicht verläßt und fortlaufend im Rezirkulationsbetrieb wieder dem Aufstrom beigemischt wird.The area of the blow-out slots 8 is in a special embodiment of the invention about 1/10 of the suction surface of the filter 3. The inclination of the blow-out slots 8 is selected so that the blow-out jet 11, which spreads according to the free jet theory, when it hits the hob area of the kitchen range forms a storage line 12 which surrounds the hob area. Within this line of stagnation, which is visible in the sectional drawings according to FIGS. 1-3 as stagnation point, the upflow 13 is formed, which considerably supports the suction effect of the blower. At the damming line, the blow-out mass flow is divided into a portion I, which is fed back to the hood in the upstream flow, and into the portion II, which gets into the work area, but which does not leave the range of the cooker or the haze source due to the suction effect of the fan and is continuously added to the upstream in recirculation mode.

Fig. zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der an der Haube 14 ein nach vorne ausziehbarer Schirm 15 angeordnet ist. Am unteren, vorderen Rand der Haube 14 ist ein Ausblaseschlitz 16 vorgesehen, der den vorderen Ausblasestrom 17 im Bereich des Schirmes 15 auf die Unterseite des Schirmes richtet. Aufgrund des Coanda-Effektes bildet sich dabei ein Wandstrahl 18 aus, in dem die Abluft der Unterseite des Schirmes bis zur Vorderkante des Schirmes und an der Unterseite anliegend entlangströmt und den Schirm an dessen Vorderkante als Freistrahl nach abwärts zum Herd verläßt. Vorzugsweise geschieht dies in der in Figur 4 näher dargestellten Weise. Der aus dem Gebläse 19 abfliessende Luftstrom 20 gelangt durch den Luftkanal 21 hindurch nach unten auf eine Umlenk- und Prallfläche 22, die den Luftstrom 20 umlenkt und als Wandstrahl 23 durch den Ausblaseschlitz 16 gegen die Unterseite des Schirmes 15 und entlang dessen Fläche bis zur Ablösekante 24 und dann nach unten als Freistrahl 17 gegen den Herd 1 richtet.FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in which a hood 15 which can be pulled out to the front is arranged on the hood 14. At the lower, front edge of the hood 14, a blow-out slot 16 is provided, which directs the front blow-out stream 17 in the area of the screen 15 to the underside of the screen. Due to the Coanda effect, a wall jet 18 is formed in which the exhaust air flows along the underside of the screen up to the front edge of the screen and on the underside and leaves the screen at the front edge as a free jet down to the stove. This is preferably done in the manner shown in FIG. 4. The air flow 20 flowing out of the blower 19 passes through the air duct 21 down to a deflection and impact surface 22 which deflects the air flow 20 and as a wall jet 23 through the blow-out slot 16 against the underside of the screen 15 and along its surface to the detaching edge 24 and then directed downwards as free jet 17 against the stove 1.

Die schematischen graphischen Darstellungen nach den Figuren 5, 6 und 7 sind in Verbindung mit den theoretischen Ausführungen weiter oben zu lesen und bedürfen keiner detailierten Erläuterung an dieser Stelle.The schematic graphic representations according to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 can be read in connection with the theoretical explanations above and do not require any detailed explanation at this point.

Claims (7)

1. Fume extracting hood with air circulation having longitudinal blow-out slots (7, 8 ; 24), which operates in connection with a working surface and which is provided above a kitchen stove (1) or a similar dust or fume source, with which by means of a hood fan (5) with filter (3) the fume is exhausted from the fume source (1) and is discharged within the hood through air passages (4, 6, 7, 8) for being discharged from the hood in order to be reabsorbed and further purified, and with which an air curtain (11) is generated by the lower peripheral rim, which restricts the fume flow, which extends downwardly and outwardly in an inclined manner, and which prevents the fume flow from escaping from the area above the fume source outwardly, characterized in that the air curtain on at least two opposite free lateral surfaces or on all free lateral surfaces is downwardly directed in the form of locally plane free jets (11) in an angle of about 10-15° towards the edge of the working surface in such a manner that the air curtain when hitting the working surface forms a ram line (12) and the inwardly directed air flow is introduced into the suction area (10) as a dynamic updraft flow (13), whereby the speed of the updraft flow is a multiple of the speed of the suction flow at the introduction area.
2. Fume extracting hood according to claim 1, characterised in that the ram line (12) is formed adjacent the edge of the working surface along the lateral edges and the front edge of the working surface of the fume source (1).
3. Fume extracting hood according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the area ratio of surfaces of the blow-out slots (7, 8 ; 24) to the entire suction surface is about 1 : 10, or alternatively that the area ratio of the entrance surface to the output surface of the fume extraction hood is about 1 : 10.
4. Fume extracting hood according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the speed of the blow-out jet (11) is at least ten times the speed of the suction flow (10).
5. Fume extracting hood according to one of claim 2-6, characterised in that the flow speed of the updraft flow (13) is at least ten times the speed of the suction flow (10).
6. Fume extracting hood according to one of claims 1-5, characterised in that the extraction hood (14) has an extendable screen (15) known per se, that within the passage (21) of fan (19) a diversion and ram means (22) is provided, which directs the flow (20) generated by the fan (19) against the lower surface of screen (15), and that the flow (23) in view of the Coanda-effect at the underside of screen (15) is passed along the edge (24) of separation and as a free jet (17) downwardly towards the working surface.
7. Fume extracting hood according to claim 6, characterised in that the diversion and ram means (22) is a plate, which is slightly inclined relative the horizontal plane and against the underside of the screen (15).
EP83101730A 1983-02-08 1983-02-23 Extracting hood with air circulation Expired EP0118570B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83101730T ATE30763T1 (en) 1983-02-08 1983-02-23 RECIRCULATION COOKER HOOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3304262A DE3304262C2 (en) 1983-02-08 1983-02-08 Circulating air extractor hood
DE3304262 1983-02-08

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EP0118570A2 EP0118570A2 (en) 1984-09-19
EP0118570A3 EP0118570A3 (en) 1985-09-18
EP0118570B1 true EP0118570B1 (en) 1987-11-11

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KR101934457B1 (en) 2011-11-17 2019-01-04 삼성전자주식회사 Ventilation apparatus and ventilation system having the same
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CN110631097B (en) * 2018-06-25 2021-10-26 青岛海尔智慧厨房电器有限公司 Air curtain angle adjustable air curtain fume exhaust fan
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DE3304262C2 (en) 1986-07-03
EP0118570A2 (en) 1984-09-19
ATE30763T1 (en) 1987-11-15
DE3304262A1 (en) 1984-08-09
EP0118570A3 (en) 1985-09-18

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