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EP0113650B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägers mit einer vorgebogenen oder vorgespannten und/oder zugleich vorgebogenen und vorgespannten starren Armierung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägers mit einer vorgebogenen oder vorgespannten und/oder zugleich vorgebogenen und vorgespannten starren Armierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0113650B1
EP0113650B1 EP19830870126 EP83870126A EP0113650B1 EP 0113650 B1 EP0113650 B1 EP 0113650B1 EP 19830870126 EP19830870126 EP 19830870126 EP 83870126 A EP83870126 A EP 83870126A EP 0113650 B1 EP0113650 B1 EP 0113650B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fact
accordance
forces
elastification
loading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830870126
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0113650A1 (de
Inventor
Raphael Lipski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PREFLEX SA
Original Assignee
PREFLEX SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from LU84506A external-priority patent/LU84506A1/fr
Priority claimed from LU84535A external-priority patent/LU84535A1/fr
Application filed by PREFLEX SA filed Critical PREFLEX SA
Publication of EP0113650A1 publication Critical patent/EP0113650A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0113650B1 publication Critical patent/EP0113650B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E04C3/294—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete of concrete combined with a girder-like structure extending laterally outside the element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a pre-stressed beam, either pre-bent, or pre-bent, or both pre-bent and pre-bent, and beam consisting of at least one rigid metal frame, generally produced by rolling and / or welding which is subjected before coating to a pre-bending or a pre-shrinking, or jointly to a pre-bending and a pre-bending, to obtain a deformation in the same direction as that which it will undergo under the effect of the stresses in service, by then coating with concrete at least part of the stretched fibers of this reinforcement thus pre-bent or pre-bent, or jointly pre-bent and pre-bent at the same time, and reinforcement which, released after hardening of the concrete, cannot return to its initial form under the effect of its elasticity.
  • the present invention relates in particular to a pre-bent or pre-drawn or pre-drawn and pre-bent beam both intended for use in construction.
  • a pre-bent or pre-drawn or pre-drawn and pre-bent beam both intended for use in construction.
  • the implementation does not prevent the coating concrete applied at least on part of the tensioned fibers of the beam, from cracking under the action of subsequent stresses, during the application of the loads planned in service, and this by default of precompression.
  • the insufficient precompression of the concrete can cause during the loading of the beam, at least at the loads initially planned in service, the appearance of tensile stresses in the concrete and therefore the formation of cracks in the latter.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the internal constraints of the rigid metal frame and this by a particularly economical process, before subjecting the latter to stress, according to one of the known processes and described in the aforementioned patents.
  • the method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that said metallic frame is subjected; in addition to the operations described above, in addition and beforehand, to at least one stress of elastification by means of forces determined in value and position so that the diagram of the moments or normal stresses generated is close to the envelope of all the normal moments or stresses to be reached under the loads in service, so that the internal stresses created during its manufacture are almost completely eliminated in the rigid metallic reinforcement.
  • the efforts to obtain an elastification stress may be respectively only forces substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rigid metal frame or forces substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rigid metal frame or forces both in both directions.
  • the rigid metallic reinforcement is subjected to at least one stressing of elasticity such that the stresses which it generates, added to the internal stresses already existing, reach the elastic limit in all the zones where this would have been possible under loads in service if the elastification stress (es) had not been previously applied, eliminating the internal stresses created during the manufacture of the rigid metal frame.
  • each elasticity stress is applied, optionally in several phases, to the aforementioned rigid reinforcement and the assembly which the manufacturer is obliged to use is advantageously used. to provide for carrying out said pre-shrinking or said pre-shrinking and preflexing at the same time, or the preflexing alone, in accordance with the aforementioned patents.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the method according to the invention, by which is applied to a metal frame (1) of a beam arranged horizontally, two vertical forces (P, and P 2 ).
  • the vertical forces (P I and P 2 ) are applied in such a way that the diagram of the moments (M 1 ) or normal stresses ( ⁇ 1 ) obtained envelops all the moments or normal stresses generated by the loads in service.
  • One proceeds in one or more phases and, with each phase, one measures the forces (P 1 and P 2 ) exerted as well as the deformation (f) which results from it.
  • the balance is then made, that is to say the difference between the initial deformation obtained during the application of the forces and the remanent deformation measured after the total relaxation of the applied forces. If this difference corresponds to the design deformation, the rigid metallic reinforcement has become virtually elastic and the desired goal is achieved. Otherwise, the loading / unloading operation must be repeated as many times as necessary, so that this difference almost corresponds to the calculation deformation. However, it is generally possible to reach the goal in a single operation.
  • the reinforcement is made sufficiently elastic, it is necessary to measure with adequate precision, either the intensity of the forces applied by means of dynamometric cells, or any other apparatus which makes it possible to measure a force and which one places in particular to the right of the applied forces and / or to the right of the supports (2), that is to say the value of the stresses, by means of extensometers which are placed at the places of maximum stresses and giving the value of the unitary elongations, from which the stresses are deduced .
  • the deformation must also be measured using devices such as a surveyor's level, a theodolite or fleximeters, so that at each loading and unloading phase, it is possible to measure the deformation corresponding.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment in which two equal and opposite forces, more or less parallel to its longitudinal axis, are applied to the rigid metallic reinforcement (1) of a beam arranged almost horizontally, (N 1 and N 2 ). But it could be a component of efforts inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis and, on the other hand, groups of efforts but whose results, more or less parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rigid reinforcement, will be equal and opposite.
  • forces (N, and N 2 ) are located below the center of gravity and cause traction on at least part of the cross section of the rigid metal frame (1), and forces (N, and N 2 ) which are applied in such a way that the diagram of the moments (M 2 ) or normal stresses ( ⁇ 2 ), obtained, envelops all the normal moments or stresses generated by the loads in service over at least part of the span (I) of the rigid metal frame.
  • forces (N 1 or N 2 ) are located below the center of gravity and cause traction on at least part of the cross section of the rigid metal frame (1), and forces (N, and N 2 ) which are applied in such a way that the diagram of the moments (M 2 ) or normal stresses ( ⁇ 2 ), obtained, envelops all the normal moments or stresses generated by the loads in service over at least part of the span (I) of the rigid metal frame.
  • One proceeds in one or more phases and, with each phase, one measures the forces (N 1 or N 2 ) exerted, as well as the deformation which results from
  • the reinforcement is made sufficiently elastic, it is necessary to measure with adequate precision, on the one hand the intensity of the forces applied, by means of dynamometric cells, using duly calibrated manometers, or any other apparatus which makes it possible to measure a tensile force, and to measure the value of the elongations induced by the elastification stress and measured by means of extensometers which are placed in the appropriate places, so that at each phase tensioning, then relaxation, it is possible to compare the applied forces and the corresponding deformation.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a third embodiment in which there is applied, to the rigid metallic reinforcement (1) of a beam arranged more or less horizontally (along its longitudinal axis), in addition, as in the second embodiment, two forces (Ni, N 2 ) applied under the same conditions and possible variants, also forces (P ,, P 2 , P 3 ) vertical (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis) and set of forces (N ,, N 2 , P ,, P 2 , P 3 ) which are applied in such a way that the diagram of the moments (M 3 ) or normal stresses ( ⁇ 3 ) obtained is almost entirely the envelope of all the moments or normal stresses generated by service loads on at least part of the span (I) of the rigid metal frame.
  • one proceeds, as for the other embodiments, in one or more phases, and the overall assessment is established, of the measurements of the overall forces and of the deformations; repeating if necessary, the operation of tensioning and loading / loosening and unloading until almost complete elasticity of the rigid reinforcement.
  • any apparatus which allows a vertical force to be measured and which is placed in particular at the level of the applied vertical forces and / or the right of support.
  • it is also necessary to measure the change in the curvature of the rigid metallic reinforcement by means of measuring devices such as a level with the surveyor's, theodilot and / or fleaximeter glasses, so that at each phase of tensioning and loading, then of relaxation and discharge, it is possible to compare the forces applied and the corresponding deformation of the rigid metal frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Verfahren zur Ausführung eines vorbelasteten, entweder vorgestreckten, entweder zugleich vorgebogenen und vorgestreckten Trägers, der mindestens eine durch Walzen und/oder Schweissen hergestellte, metallische, starre Armierung enthält, die vor der Beton-Ummantelung einer Vorbiegung oder Vorstreckung oder einer gleichzeitigen Vorbiegung und Vorstreckung unterzogen wird, um eine Verformung im selben Sine zu erreichen, wie sie durch die Betriebsbelastungen entsteht, indem alsbald wenigstens ein Teil der gespannten Fasern der so vorgebogenen und/oder -gestreckten Armierung mit Beton ummantelt wird, wobei die entspannte Armierung nach Aushärtung des Betons unter der Wirkung der Elastizität ihre anfängliche Form nicht wieder annehmen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zuvor noch die metallische, starre Armierung wenigstens einer Elastifizierungs-Belastung mittels nach Grösse und Lage bestimmter Kräfte unterzogen wird, derart dass das Diagramm der Momente oder das der erzeugten Normalspannungen ungefähr gleich der Hüllkurve aller unter den Betriebsbelastungen auftretenden Momente oder Normalspannungen ist, derart dass in der metallischen, starren Armierung die im Laufe der Herstellung entstandenen inneren Spannungen völlig unterdrückt werden.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zur Erreichung einer Elastifizierungs-Belastung der metallischen, starren Armierung benötigten Kräfte aus zwei Kräfte oder Gruppen von horizontal parallel zur Längsachse oder geneigt zu ihr gerichteten Kräften bestehen, deren Resultanten gleich_gross und einander entgegengesetzt gerichted sind.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zur Erreichung einer Elastifizierungs-Belastung der starre Armierung benötigten Kräfte nur oder noch eine oder mehrere deutlich senkrecht in Bezug auf die Längsachse gerichtete Kräfte sind.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die metallische, starre Armierung wenigstens einer Elastifizierungs-Belastung entsprechend der durch sie hervorgerufenen Spannungen unterzogen wird, die, wenn sie den schon vorhandenen inneren Spannungen hinzugefügt werden, in allen Bereichen, wo dies unter den Betriebsbelastungen vorkommen könnte, zur Erreichung der Elastizitätsgrenze führen, wenn nicht zuvor die zur Unterdrückung der Während der Herstellung der metallischen, starren Armierung aufgetretenen inneren Spannungen nötigen Elastifizierungs-Belastungen angelegt worden war.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die an die metallische, starre Armierung angelegte Elastifizierungs-Belastung so lang aufrecht erhalten bleibt, dass sich die durch das Ueberschreiten der Elastizitätsgrenze hervorgerufenen Verformungen völlig entwickeln können.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Elastifizierungs-Beiastung gegebenenfalls in mehreren Stufen an die genannte starre Armierung angelegt wird.
7. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elastifizierungs-Belastung in einer Folge angelegt und wieder fortgenommen wird, bis der hierdurch verursachterestliche Dehnungspfeil (A,) unbedeutend geworden ist.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch den Hersteller allerdings vor zu sehen Montage zur Durchführung der genannten Vorbiegungs- oder Streckungs- oder Vorbiegungs- und Streckungsvorgänge benutzt wird.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 und 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit angemessener Genauigkeit die Stärke der angelegten Horizontalkräfte mit dynamometrischen Zellen, gehörig geeichten Manometern und sonst noch für die Messung von Zugkräften geeigneten anderen Apparaten gemessen wird.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verformung der metallische, starre Armierung gemäss der Elastifizierungs-Belastung durch die Veränderung ihrer Krümmung gemessen wird.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das der Wert der durch die Elastifizierungs-Belastung verursachten Verlängerungen mit Hilfe von an genau festgelegten Orten angebrachten Dehnungsmessern bestimmt wird.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit angemessener Genauigkeit die Stärke der durch die Eiastifizierungs-Belastung auftretenden Vertikalkräfte mit dynamometrischen Zellen gemessen wird, die insbesondere an den Angriffspunkten der Kräfte und/oder der Auflager angebracht werden.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verformungen der metallischen starren Armierung mittels Geräten wie Nivellierinstrumenten, Theodoliten und/oder Biegungsmessern bestimmt wird.
14. Träger, der nach einem in den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen 1 bis 13 beschriebenen Verfahren ausgeführt is.
EP19830870126 1982-12-03 1983-12-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägers mit einer vorgebogenen oder vorgespannten und/oder zugleich vorgebogenen und vorgespannten starren Armierung Expired EP0113650B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU84506A LU84506A1 (fr) 1982-12-03 1982-12-03 Procede de realisation d'une poutre preflechie
LU84506 1982-12-03
LU84535A LU84535A1 (fr) 1982-12-16 1982-12-16 Procede de realisation d'une poutre a armature rigide pretiree ou pretiree et preflechie a la fois
LU84535 1982-12-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0113650A1 EP0113650A1 (de) 1984-07-18
EP0113650B1 true EP0113650B1 (de) 1986-04-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830870126 Expired EP0113650B1 (de) 1982-12-03 1983-12-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägers mit einer vorgebogenen oder vorgespannten und/oder zugleich vorgebogenen und vorgespannten starren Armierung

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EP (1) EP0113650B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3362958D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE904131A (fr) * 1986-01-29 1986-05-15 Entpr S Sbbm Et Six Construct Procede de realisation de poutres composees de poutrelles en acier et de beton et poutres obtenues selon ce procede.
FR2670517B1 (fr) * 1990-12-13 1993-04-09 Normandie Const Meca Element de franchissement pour le franchissement d'obstacles.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE495318A (de) *
BE777891A (fr) * 1972-01-10 1972-05-02 Lipski Raphael Poutre a armature rigide pre-tiree.

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DE3362958D1 (en) 1986-05-15
EP0113650A1 (de) 1984-07-18

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