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EP0108013A1 - Device and projectile for precipitating avalanches - Google Patents

Device and projectile for precipitating avalanches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108013A1
EP0108013A1 EP83402048A EP83402048A EP0108013A1 EP 0108013 A1 EP0108013 A1 EP 0108013A1 EP 83402048 A EP83402048 A EP 83402048A EP 83402048 A EP83402048 A EP 83402048A EP 0108013 A1 EP0108013 A1 EP 0108013A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
detonator
pin
tail
connecting piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83402048A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0108013B1 (en
Inventor
Julien Foucou
Paul Perroud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority to AT83402048T priority Critical patent/ATE28705T1/en
Publication of EP0108013A1 publication Critical patent/EP0108013A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0108013B1 publication Critical patent/EP0108013B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/12—Stabilising arrangements using fins longitudinally-slidable with respect to the projectile or missile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an avalanche triggering projectile, and more particularly a projectile which can be dropped from a helicopter.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to remedy this drawback thanks to an avalanche triggering projectile which can be dropped from a helicopter, and therefore cause an avalanche in any place, even inaccessible to men.
  • this projectile is equipped with a detonating cord, one end of which is placed in the connecting piece in the vicinity of the detonator and at least part of which is in the explosive charge.
  • the projectile is of course equipped with a number of safety devices intended to prevent an accidental explosion.
  • it comprises an ejectable pin arranged so as to prevent any movement of the tail in the direction of the projectile body, this pin being able to be ejected under the action of a spring.
  • a transport pin can be provided connected to said ejectable pin in order to prevent the ejection of the latter.
  • the projectile may include a switch, at least part of which is located in the connecting part between the detonator and the body of the projectile; in this case, the stabilizer comprises a window that can come opposite said part of the switch in order to allow the ejection of the latter during impact.
  • a positioning screw screwed into the connecting piece and the tail has a slot allowing its guidance by this screw during its movement along the connecting piece at the time of impact.
  • the projectile object of the invention bearing the general reference 1
  • the assembly is arranged vertically inside a helicopter and the launcher tube 2 is closed at its lower part by a hatch 6 which can be opened by a mechanism 8 on board the helicopter.
  • the projectile 1 essentially consists of a projectile body 10 inside which is an explosive charge 12 , for example a self-sterilizable liquid such as "Nitroroc S 8 48 * .
  • a connecting piece 14, arranged at the upper part of the projectile body 10 is made integral with the latter, for example by screwing, while a tail 16 is movable in translation along the part 14.
  • the connecting piece 14 has the shape of a hollow cylinder containing at its upper part a detonator 18, while a detonating cord 20, also placed inside the connecting piece 14, has one end 21 placed in the vicinity of the detonator 18 and its other end (not shown) inside the charge explosive 12.
  • the tail 16 essentially consists of a hollow cylindrical body 24 whose inside diameter is slightly greater than the outside diameter of the connecting piece 14 in order to be able to slide thereon.
  • a striker 28 is fixed to a plate 30 which closes the tail body 24 at its upper part.
  • the tail 16 slides along the connecting piece 14 and the fins 26 come to a position 26a shown diagrammatically in phantom in the figure.
  • the role of the fins 26 is only to ensure the stabilization in flight of the projectile.
  • the striker 28 strikes the primer 32 of the detonator 18 and the energy of the explosion is transmitted to the charge 12 via the detonating cord 20. It is obvious that a more or less significant part of the latter must be inside charge 12 and in contact with it to ensure proper transmission of the explosion.
  • Another security consists of an ejectable pin 34 which passes through the tail unit 24 right through and is, in the transport position illustrated in FIG. 2, above the connecting piece 14, thus preventing any movement of the empennage along the latter.
  • a transport pin 40 is provided connected to the pin 34 This pin 40 is introduced into the pin 34 at a point located outside the tail body 24 and diametrically opposite to the fulcrum of the spring 36. The pin 40 is removed by hand just before the projectile is released .
  • a switch has been provided which essentially consists of an interrupt block 44 placed inside the connection 14 between the detonator 18 and the detonating cord 20.
  • This block 44 constitutes a barrier which prevents the shock wave from propagating to the detonating cord.
  • the block 44 is integral with an ejection rod 46 on which is fixed one end of a spring 48, the other end of which is fixed to a support pad 50: the role of the spring 48 is to cause the block 44 to be ejected at the time of impact.
  • the tail body 24 has a window 52 at this location, the lower part 53 of which has dimensions such that only the ejection rod 46 can pass through the wall of the tail body, thus preventing the ejection of the block 44 when the machine is in the transport position.
  • the large upper part of the window 52 comes opposite the block 44. The latter is then, relative to the window , in position 44a and it is ejected under the action of spring 48.
  • a positioning screw 54 which plays several roles. First of all, it provides the connection between the tail body 24 and the connecting piece 14. On the other hand, it serves to block the detonating cord 20 inside the latter, and finally, thanks to a longitudinal slot 55 formed in the tail body 24, it allows the guide thereof during its movement along the connecting piece.
  • the first operation consists in placing the body 10 of the projectile alone inside the tube 2.
  • a positioning rod 7 is, during this operation, in the locking position shown on the FIG. 3a thus preventing the projectile body 10 from going down to the hatch 6.
  • the location of the positioning rod 7 is such that the upper part of the body 10 is located in the vicinity of the upper part of the launching tube 2.
  • the hatch 6 located in the lower part tube is closed and will only be opened when dropped. It is when the projectile body is in the position illustrated in FIG. 3a that it is filled with the explosive charge. Meanwhile, we prepare separately the assembly consisting of the tail and the connecting piece. During this operation, the detonating cord 20 is placed in the housing provided in part 14.
  • the upper part of the window 52 passes in front of the interrupt block 44 and the spring 48 allows the ejection thereof.
  • the trans movement lation of the empennage 16 along the part 14 is guided by the slot 55 which moves in front of the screw 54.
  • the inertia of the empennage 16 is sufficient to overcome the action of the spring 29, and the striker 28 comes strike the primer 32 of the detonator 18.
  • the switch 44 has been ejected beforehand, the energy of the explosion is transmitted to the charge 12 via the detonating cord 20.
  • the projectile object of the invention has particularly interesting advantages since it can be dropped anywhere from a helicopter, and in particular in places inaccessible to men. In addition, it is simple and easy to implement and of safe operation since it is equipped with a large number of safety devices. Finally, it is possible to embark several projectiles and several launching tubes of this kind on board a single helicopter in order to cause several avalanches at locations distant from each other during the same flight. Finally, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the single embodiment which has just been described, but that it is possible to envisage variants without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

1. Device for triggering avalanches, having a projectile (1) comprising a projectile body (10), a connection piece (14) integral with the projectile body (10), an explosive charge (12), a detonator (18), a striker (28), a tail fin (16) movable along the connection piece (14), the detonator (18) and the striker (28) being arranged so that the striker (28) strikes the detonator (18) during this movement, and means of transmitting the detonation energy of the detonator (18) to the explosive charge (12), characterized in that this device also possesses a launcher tube (2), in which the projectile can be placed, the projectile also having an ejectable pin (34) having a locking position, in which it prevents any movement of the tail fin relative to the connection piece tending to bring the striker (28) closer to the detonator (18), and a spring (36) tending to move the ejectable pin (34) away from its locking position, the pin (34) having one end which can come up against the inner wall of the tube (2) under the action of the spring (36) when the projectile is inside the tube (2), and having such a length that it is still in the locking position when its end is up against the inner wall of the tube (2).

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un projectile déclencheur d'avalanches, et plus spécialement un projectile qui puisse être largué depuis un hélicoptère.The present invention relates to an avalanche triggering projectile, and more particularly a projectile which can be dropped from a helicopter.

Dans les régions montagneuses, lorsqu'une masse de neige menace de provoquer une avalanche, il est préférable, pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de déclencher artificiellement cette avalanche lorsque personne ne se trouve à proximité. Il existe à l'heure actuelle plusieurs méthodes pour déclencher artificiellement une avalanche. On peut utiliser des charges d'explosifs posées à la main, dans la masse neigeuse ou à proximité, ou utiliser des grenades à main. On peut également installer des charges enterrées ou des câbles spéciaux pour le transport d'explosifs. Enfin, une dernière méthode utilise un lanceur pneumatique. Le principal inconvénient de toutes ces méthodes est que les "artificiers de la neige" doivent s'approcher très près de la masse neigeuse pour installer les charges explosives et ces procédés ne sont donc pas utilisables dans des endroits inaccessibles aux hommes, sauf, dans certains cas, le lanceur pneumatique dont la portée est cependant limitée par le relief.In mountainous regions, when a mass of snow threatens to cause an avalanche, it is preferable, for obvious safety reasons, to trigger this avalanche artificially when no one is nearby. There are currently several methods for artificially triggering an avalanche. Loads of explosives placed by hand, in or near the snowpack, or use hand grenades can be used. It is also possible to install buried charges or special cables for the transport of explosives. Finally, a last method uses a pneumatic launcher. The main disadvantage of all these methods is that the "snow-makers" must approach very close to the snow mass to install the explosive charges and these methods are therefore not usable in places inaccessible to men, except, in certain case, the pneumatic launcher whose range is however limited by the relief.

La présente invention a justement pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient grâce à un projectile déclencheur d'avalanches qui puisse être largué depuis un hélicoptère, et donc provoquer une avalanche dans n'importe quel endroit, même inacessible aux hommes.The object of the present invention is precisely to remedy this drawback thanks to an avalanche triggering projectile which can be dropped from a helicopter, and therefore cause an avalanche in any place, even inaccessible to men.

Selon la principale caractéristique du projectile objet de l'invention, celui-ci comprend :

  • - un corps de projectile contenant une charge explosive,
  • - une pièce de liaison, solidaire du corps de projectile et dans laquelle est placé un détonateur, et
  • - un empennage, à l'intérieur duquel est placé un percuteur, cet empennage étant apte à se déplacer le long de la pièce de liaison au moment de l'impact afin que le percuteur vienne frapper l'amorce du détonateur.
According to the main characteristic of the projectile which is the subject of the invention, it comprises:
  • - a projectile body containing an explosive charge,
  • - a connecting piece, integral with the project body tile and in which a detonator is placed, and
  • - a tail unit, inside which a striker is placed, this tail unit being able to move along the connecting piece at the time of impact so that the striker comes to strike the primer of the detonator.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce projectile, il est équipé d'un cordeau détonant dont une extrémité est placée dans la pièce de liaison au voisinage du détonateur et dont au moins une partie se trouve dans la charge explosive.According to another characteristic of this projectile, it is equipped with a detonating cord, one end of which is placed in the connecting piece in the vicinity of the detonator and at least part of which is in the explosive charge.

Le projectile est bien entendu équipé d'un certain nombre de sécurités destinées à empêcher une explosion accidentelle. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, il comporte une goupille éjectable disposée de manière à empêcher tout mouvement de l'empennage en direction du corps de projectile, cette goupille pouvant être éjectée sous l'action d'un ressort. De plus, on peut prévoir une goupille de transport reliée à ladite goupille éjectable afin d'empêcher l'éjection de cette dernière.The projectile is of course equipped with a number of safety devices intended to prevent an accidental explosion. In a preferred embodiment, it comprises an ejectable pin arranged so as to prevent any movement of the tail in the direction of the projectile body, this pin being able to be ejected under the action of a spring. In addition, a transport pin can be provided connected to said ejectable pin in order to prevent the ejection of the latter.

D'autre part, le projectile peut comporter un interrupteur dont au moins une partie se trouve dans la pièce de liaison entre le détonateur et le corps du projectile ; dans ce cas, l'empennage comprend une fenêtre pouvant venir en regard de ladite partie de l'interrupteur afin de permettre l'éjection de ce dernier lors de l'impact. Enfin, il est utile de prévoir une vis de positionnement vissée dans la pièce de liaison et l'empennage comporte une fente permettant son guidage par cette vis au cours de son mouvement le long de la pièce de liaison au moment de l'impact.On the other hand, the projectile may include a switch, at least part of which is located in the connecting part between the detonator and the body of the projectile; in this case, the stabilizer comprises a window that can come opposite said part of the switch in order to allow the ejection of the latter during impact. Finally, it is useful to provide a positioning screw screwed into the connecting piece and the tail has a slot allowing its guidance by this screw during its movement along the connecting piece at the time of impact.

L'invention apparaîtra mieux à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre purement illustratif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale de l'ensemble du projectile objet de l'invention,
  • - la figure 2 est une vue schématique agrandie en coupe montrant la partie supérieure du projectile de la-figure 1, et
  • - les figures 3a à 3c sont des vues schématiques illustrant les diverses étapes de la mise en place du projectile dans son tube lanceur.
The invention will appear better on reading the description which follows, given purely illustrative and in no way limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view in vertical section of the entire projectile object of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view in section showing the upper part of the projectile of FIG. 1, and
  • - Figures 3a to 3c are schematic views illustrating the various stages of the establishment of the projectile in its launcher tube.

Sur la figure 1, on voit le projectile objet de l'invention, portant la référence générale 1, placé à l'intérieur d'un tube lanceur cylindrique 2. L'ensemble est disposé verticalement à l'intérieur d'un hélicoptère et le tube lanceur 2 est fermé à sa partie inférieure par une trappe 6 qui peut être ouverte grâce à un mécanisme 8 embarqué à bord de l'hélicoptère. Le projectile 1 se compose essentiellement d'un corps de projectile 10 à l'intérieur duquel se trouve une charge explosive 12 , par exemple un liquide au- tostérilisable comme le "Nitroroc S848*. Une pièce de liaison 14, disposée à la partie supérieure du corps de projectile 10, est rendue solidaire de celui-ci, par exemple par vissage, tandis qu'un empennage 16 est mobile en translation le long de la pièce 14.In FIG. 1, the projectile object of the invention, bearing the general reference 1, is seen, placed inside a cylindrical launcher tube 2. The assembly is arranged vertically inside a helicopter and the launcher tube 2 is closed at its lower part by a hatch 6 which can be opened by a mechanism 8 on board the helicopter. The projectile 1 essentially consists of a projectile body 10 inside which is an explosive charge 12 , for example a self-sterilizable liquid such as "Nitroroc S 8 48 * . A connecting piece 14, arranged at the upper part of the projectile body 10 is made integral with the latter, for example by screwing, while a tail 16 is movable in translation along the part 14.

Ce dernier apparaît mieux sur la vue agrandie de la figure 2 où l'on voit, à l'intérieur du tube lanceur 2, le corps de projectile 10 contenant la charge explosive 12 tandis que la pièce de liaison 14 est vissée dans la partie supérieure du corps de projectile 10. Un joint d'étanchéité 56, disposé à la partie inférieure de la pièce 14, protège la charge 12 contre l'humidité. La pièce de liaison 14 a la forme d'un cylindre creux contenant à sa partie supérieure un détonateur 18, tandis qu'un cordeau détonant 20, également placé à l'intérieur de la pièce de liaison 14, a une extrémité 21 placée au voisinage du détonateur 18 et son autre extrémité (non représentée) à l'intérieur de la charge explosive 12. L'empennage 16 se compose essentiellement d'un corps cylindrique 24 creux dont le diamètre intérieur est légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur de la pièce de liaison 14 afin de pouvoir glisser sur celle-ci. Un percuteur 28 est fixé à une plaque 30 qui ferme le corps d'empennage 24 à sa partie supérieure. Lors de l'impact au sol, par inertie, l'empennage 16 glisse le long de la pièce de liaison 14 et les ailettes 26 viennent en une position 26a représentée schématiquement en traits mixtes sur la figure. Le rôle des ailettes 26 est uniquement d'assurer la stabilisation en vol du projectile. Le percuteur 28 frappe l'amorce 32 du détonateur 18 et l'énergie de l'explosion est transmise à la charge 12 par l'intermédiaire du cordeau détonant 20. Il est bien évident qu'une partie plus ou moins importante de ce dernier doit se trouver à l'intérieur de la charge 12 et en contact avec celle-ci pour assurer la bonne transmission de l'explosion.The latter appears better on the enlarged view of Figure 2 where we see, inside the launch tube 2, the projectile body 10 containing the explosive charge 12 while the connecting piece 14 is screwed in the upper part of the projectile body 10. A seal 56, disposed at the lower part of the part 14, protects the charge 12 against humidity. The connecting piece 14 has the shape of a hollow cylinder containing at its upper part a detonator 18, while a detonating cord 20, also placed inside the connecting piece 14, has one end 21 placed in the vicinity of the detonator 18 and its other end (not shown) inside the charge explosive 12. The tail 16 essentially consists of a hollow cylindrical body 24 whose inside diameter is slightly greater than the outside diameter of the connecting piece 14 in order to be able to slide thereon. A striker 28 is fixed to a plate 30 which closes the tail body 24 at its upper part. Upon impact on the ground, by inertia, the tail 16 slides along the connecting piece 14 and the fins 26 come to a position 26a shown diagrammatically in phantom in the figure. The role of the fins 26 is only to ensure the stabilization in flight of the projectile. The striker 28 strikes the primer 32 of the detonator 18 and the energy of the explosion is transmitted to the charge 12 via the detonating cord 20. It is obvious that a more or less significant part of the latter must be inside charge 12 and in contact with it to ensure proper transmission of the explosion.

Cependant, afin d'éviter une explosion accidentelle, le projectile est équipé d'un certain nombre de sécurités qui sont toutes visibles sur la figure 2.However, in order to avoid an accidental explosion, the projectile is equipped with a number of safety devices which are all visible in Figure 2.

On voit tout d'abord sur la figure 2 un ressort 29 entourant le percuteur 28 et dont une extrémité est fixée à la plaque 30. Son rôle est de freiner un éventuel mouvement de l'empennage par rapport à la pièce de liaison, mouvement qui pourrait se produire après largage de la goupille 34, pour éviter que le percuteur 28 ne frappe l'amorce 32. Ce mouvement est cependant peu probable du fait de la résistance de l'air qui tend à maintenir la plaque 30 vers le haut. Une autre sécurité est constituée par une goupille éjectable 34 qui traverse le corps d'empennage 24 de part en part et se trouve, dans la position de transport illustrée à la figure 2, au-dessus de la pièce de liaison 14, empêchant ainsi tout mouvement de l'empennage le long de cette dernière. Un ressort 36 prenant appui d'une part sur la tête 38 de la goupille 34 et, d'autre part, sur la face externe du corps d'empennage 24, permet l'éjection de la goupille. Cependant, on voit sur la figure que, tant que le projectile se trouve à l'intérieur du tube lanceur 2, la goupille ne peut être éjectée puisque sa tête vient buter contre la paroi interne du tube. L'éjection n'a lieu qu'une fois que le projectile se trouve à l'extérieur du tube, donc immédiatement après largage. Toutefois, pour éviter l'éjection de la goupille 34 lorsqu'on manipule le projectile ou l'ensemble constitué par l'empennage et la pièce de liaison en dehors du tube lanceur, on a prévu une goupille de transport 40 reliée à la goupille 34. Cette goupille 40 est introduite dans la goupille 34 en un point situé à l'extérieur du corps d'empennage 24 et diamétralement opposé au point d'appui du ressort 36. La goupille 40 est enlevée à la main juste avant le largage du projectile.First of all, we see in FIG. 2 a spring 29 surrounding the striker 28 and one end of which is fixed to the plate 30. Its role is to slow down any movement of the tail in relation to the connecting piece, movement which could occur after release of the pin 34, to prevent the striker 28 from striking the primer 32. This movement is however unlikely due to the resistance of the air which tends to hold the plate 30 upwards. Another security consists of an ejectable pin 34 which passes through the tail unit 24 right through and is, in the transport position illustrated in FIG. 2, above the connecting piece 14, thus preventing any movement of the empennage along the latter. A spring 36 bearing on the one hand on the head 38 of the pin 34 and, on the other hand, on the external face of the tail body 24, allows the pin to be ejected. However, it can be seen in the figure that, as long as the projectile is inside the launching tube 2, the pin cannot be ejected since its head abuts against the internal wall of the tube. The ejection takes place only once the projectile is outside the tube, therefore immediately after release. However, to avoid the ejection of the pin 34 when handling the projectile or the assembly formed by the tail and the connecting piece outside the launching tube, a transport pin 40 is provided connected to the pin 34 This pin 40 is introduced into the pin 34 at a point located outside the tail body 24 and diametrically opposite to the fulcrum of the spring 36. The pin 40 is removed by hand just before the projectile is released .

Une autre sécurité a été prévue pour éviter la transmission d'une explosion accidentelle du détonateur 18 au cordeau détonant 20. Pour cela, on a prévu un interrupteur constitué essentiellement d'un bloc d'interruption 44 disposé à l'intérieur de la pièce de liaison 14 entre le détonateur 18 et le cordeau détonant 20. Ce bloc 44 constitue un barrage qui empêche l'onde de choc de se propager jusqu'au cordeau détonant. Le bloc 44 est solidaire d'une tige d'éjection 46 sur laquelle est fixée une extrémité d'un ressort 48 dont l'autre extrémité est fixée à un patin d'appui 50 : le rôle du ressort 48 est de provoquer l'éjection du bloc 44 au moment de l'impact. On voit sur le détail suivant la flèche F que le corps d'empennage 24 présente à cet endroit une fenêtre 52 dont la partie inférieure 53 a des dimensions telles que seule la tige d'éjection 46 puisse traverser la paroi du corps d'empennage, empêchant ainsi l'éjection du bloc 44 lorsque l'engin se trouve en position de transport. Au moment de l'impact, lorsque l'empennage commence à glisser le long de la pièce 14, la partie supérieure de grandes dimensions de la fenêtre 52 vient en regard du bloc 44. Celui-ci se trouve alors, par rapport à la fenêtre, dans la position 44a et il est éjecté sous l'action du ressort 48. Enfin, on voit encore sur la figure une vis de positionnement 54 qui joue plusieurs rôles. Tout d'abord, elle assure la liaison entre le corps d'empennage 24 et la pièce de liaison 14. D'autre part, elle sert au blocage du cordeau détonant 20 à l'intérieur de cette dernière, et enfin, grâce à une fente longitudinale 55 ménagée dans le corps d'empennage 24, elle permet le guidage de celui-ci lors de son mouvement le long de la pièce de liaison.Another safety device has been provided to avoid the transmission of an accidental explosion from the detonator 18 to the detonating cord 20. For this, a switch has been provided which essentially consists of an interrupt block 44 placed inside the connection 14 between the detonator 18 and the detonating cord 20. This block 44 constitutes a barrier which prevents the shock wave from propagating to the detonating cord. The block 44 is integral with an ejection rod 46 on which is fixed one end of a spring 48, the other end of which is fixed to a support pad 50: the role of the spring 48 is to cause the block 44 to be ejected at the time of impact. It can be seen in the detail according to arrow F that the tail body 24 has a window 52 at this location, the lower part 53 of which has dimensions such that only the ejection rod 46 can pass through the wall of the tail body, thus preventing the ejection of the block 44 when the machine is in the transport position. At the time of impact, when the empennage begins to slide along the part 14, the large upper part of the window 52 comes opposite the block 44. The latter is then, relative to the window , in position 44a and it is ejected under the action of spring 48. Finally, we can still see in the figure a positioning screw 54 which plays several roles. First of all, it provides the connection between the tail body 24 and the connecting piece 14. On the other hand, it serves to block the detonating cord 20 inside the latter, and finally, thanks to a longitudinal slot 55 formed in the tail body 24, it allows the guide thereof during its movement along the connecting piece.

La mise en place du projectile dans son tube lanceur est illustrée aux figures 3a à 3c.The placement of the projectile in its launcher tube is illustrated in Figures 3a to 3c.

Sur la figure 3a, on voit que la première opération consiste à placer le corps 10 du projectile seul à l'intérieur du tube 2. Une pige de positionnement 7 se trouve, au cours de cette opération, dans la position de verrouillage représentée sur la figure 3a empêchant ainsi le corps de projectile 10 de descendre jusqu'à la trappe 6. L'emplacement de la pige de positionnement 7 est tel que la partie supérieure du corps 10 se trouve au voisinage de la partie supérieure du tube lanceur 2. La trappe 6 située à la partie inférieure du tube est fermée et ne sera ouverte qu'au moment du largage. C'est lorsque le corps de projectile se trouve dans la position illustrée à la figure 3a qu'on le remplit avec la charge explosive. Pendant ce temps, on prépare séparément l'ensemble constitué par l'empennage et la pièce de liaison. Au cours de cette opération, on place le cordeau détonant 20 dans le logement prévu dans la pièce 14. Cette dernière est vissée dans la partie supérieure du corps de projectile 10 comme illustré sur la figure 3b, puis on retire la pige de positionnement 7 et on laisse glisser lentement le projectile le long du tube 2 on arrive ainsi à la position de la figure 3c, dans laquelle le nez 5 du projectile se trouve en contact avec la trappe 6.In FIG. 3a, it can be seen that the first operation consists in placing the body 10 of the projectile alone inside the tube 2. A positioning rod 7 is, during this operation, in the locking position shown on the FIG. 3a thus preventing the projectile body 10 from going down to the hatch 6. The location of the positioning rod 7 is such that the upper part of the body 10 is located in the vicinity of the upper part of the launching tube 2. The hatch 6 located in the lower part tube is closed and will only be opened when dropped. It is when the projectile body is in the position illustrated in FIG. 3a that it is filled with the explosive charge. Meanwhile, we prepare separately the assembly consisting of the tail and the connecting piece. During this operation, the detonating cord 20 is placed in the housing provided in part 14. The latter is screwed into the upper part of the projectile body 10 as illustrated in FIG. 3b, then the positioning rod 7 is removed and the projectile is allowed to slide slowly along the tube 2, thus arriving at the position of FIG. 3c, in which the nose 5 of the projectile is in contact with the hatch 6.

Le fonctionnement de l'appareil va maintenant être décrit en référence à la figure 2. Lorsque l'hélicoptère se trouve au-dessus de l'endroit où le projectile doit être largué, on retire d'abord la goupille de transport 40. A ce moment, le ressort 36 pousse la goupille 34 vers la droite de la figure, mais la tête 38 de la goupille vient buter contre la paroi interne du tube lanceur 2. On ouvre ensuite la trappe 6 située à la partie inférieure du tube et le projectile tombe en chute libre. Dès que l'empennage est sorti du tube lanceur, le ressort 36 provoque l'éjection de la goupille 34 et le corps d'empennage 24 est alors libre de glisser le long de la pièce de liaison 14. Lorsque le projectile touche le sol, par inertie, le corps d'empennage 24 se déplace brusquement le long de la pièce de liaison 14 en direction du corps de projectile 10. Au cours de ce mouvement, la partie supérieure de la fenêtre 52 passe devant le bloc d'interruption 44 et le ressort 48 permet l'éjection de celui-ci. D'autre part, le mouvement de translation de l'empennage 16 le long de la pièce 14 est guidé par la fente 55 qui se déplace devant la vis 54. L'inertie de l'empennage 16 est suffisante pour vaincre l'action du ressort 29, et le percuteur 28 vient frapper l'amorce 32 du détonateur 18. Comme l'interrupteur 44 a été préalablement éjecté, l'énergie de l'explosion est transmise à la charge 12 par l'intermédiaire du cordeau détonant 20.The operation of the apparatus will now be described with reference to FIG. 2. When the helicopter is above the place where the projectile is to be dropped, the transport pin 40 is first withdrawn. moment, the spring 36 pushes the pin 34 to the right of the figure, but the head 38 of the pin abuts against the internal wall of the launcher tube 2. We then open the hatch 6 located at the bottom of the tube and the projectile falls in free fall. As soon as the tail unit is out of the launcher tube, the spring 36 causes the pin 34 to be ejected and the tail unit 24 is then free to slide along the connecting piece 14. When the projectile touches the ground, by inertia, the tail body 24 suddenly moves along the connecting piece 14 in the direction of the projectile body 10. During this movement, the upper part of the window 52 passes in front of the interrupt block 44 and the spring 48 allows the ejection thereof. On the other hand, the trans movement lation of the empennage 16 along the part 14 is guided by the slot 55 which moves in front of the screw 54. The inertia of the empennage 16 is sufficient to overcome the action of the spring 29, and the striker 28 comes strike the primer 32 of the detonator 18. As the switch 44 has been ejected beforehand, the energy of the explosion is transmitted to the charge 12 via the detonating cord 20.

Le projectile objet de l'invention présente des avantages particulièrement intéressants puisqu'il peut être largué n'importe où depuis un hélicoptère, et en particulier en des endroits inaccessibles aux hommes. De plus, il est simple et facile à mettre en oeuvre et d'un fonctionnement sûr puisqu'il est équipé d'un grand nombre de sécurités. Enfin, on peut embarquer plusieurs projectiles et plusieurs tubes lanceurs de ce genre à bord d'un seul hélicoptère afin de provoquer plusieurs avalanches en des endroits éloignés les uns des autres au cours d'un même vol. Enfin, il est bien entendu que l'invention ne se limite pas au seul mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit, mais qu'on peut envisager des variantes sans sortir pour autant du cadre de l'invention.The projectile object of the invention has particularly interesting advantages since it can be dropped anywhere from a helicopter, and in particular in places inaccessible to men. In addition, it is simple and easy to implement and of safe operation since it is equipped with a large number of safety devices. Finally, it is possible to embark several projectiles and several launching tubes of this kind on board a single helicopter in order to cause several avalanches at locations distant from each other during the same flight. Finally, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the single embodiment which has just been described, but that it is possible to envisage variants without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. Projectile déclencheur d'avalanches, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : - un corps de projectile (10) contenant une charge explosive (12), - une pièce de liaison (14), solidaire du corps de projectile (10) et dans laquelle est placé un détonateur (18), et - un empennage (16), à l'intérieur duquel est placé un percuteur (28), cet empennage étant apte à se déplacer le long de la pièce de liaison (14) au moment de l'impact afin que le percuteur (28) vienne frapper l'amorce (32) du détonateur (18). 1. Avalanche triggering projectile, characterized in that it comprises: - a projectile body (10) containing an explosive charge (12), a connecting piece (14), integral with the projectile body (10) and in which a detonator (18) is placed, and - a tail (16), inside which is placed a striker (28), this tail being able to move along the connecting piece (14) at the time of impact so that the striker (28) strike the primer (32) of the detonator (18). 2. Projectile déclencheur d'avalanches selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un cordeau détonant (20) dont une extrémité (21) est placée dans la pièce de liaison (14) au voisinage du détonateur (18) et dont au moins une partie se trouve dans la charge explosive (12).2. Avalanche triggering projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a detonating cord (20) of which one end (21) is placed in the connecting piece (14) in the vicinity of the detonator (18) and of which at least a part is in the explosive charge (12). 3. Projectile déclencheur d'avalanches selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une goupille éjectable (34) disposée de manière à empêcher tout mouvement de l'empennage (16) en direction du corps de projectile (10), cette goupille3. Avalanche triggering projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an ejectable pin (34) arranged so as to prevent any movement of the tail (16) towards the projectile body (10), this pin (34) pouvant être éjectée sous l'action d'un ressort (36).(34) can be ejected under the action of a spring (36). 4. Projectile déclencheur d'avalanches selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une goupille de transport (40) reliée à la goupille éjectable (34) afin d'empêcher l'éjection de cette dernière.4. Avalanche triggering projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a transport pin (40) connected to the ejectable pin (34) in order to prevent the ejection of the latter. 5. Projectile déclencheur d'avalanches selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un interrupteur dont au moins une partie (44) se trouve dans la pièce de liaison (14) entre le détonateur (18) et le corps (10) du projectile et en ce que l'empennage (16) comprend une fenêtre (52) pouvant venir en regard de la partie (44) de l'interrupteur afin de permettre l'éjection de ce dernier lors de l'impact.5. Avalanche triggering projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a switch of which at least a part (44) is located in the connecting piece (14) between the detonator (18) and the body (10) of the projectile and in that the tail (16) comprises a window (52) which can come opposite the part (44) of the switch to allow the ejection of the latter during impact. 6. Projectile déclencheur d'avalanches selon la revendication 1; caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une vis de positionnement (54) vissée dans la pièce de liaison (14) et en ce que l'empennage (16) comporte une fente (55) permettant son guidage par la vis (54) au cours de son mouvement le long de la pièce (14) au moment de l'impact.6. Avalanche triggering projectile according to claim 1; characterized in that it comprises a positioning screw (54) screwed into the connecting piece (14) and in that the tail (16) has a slot (55) allowing its guidance by the screw (54) during of its movement along the part (14) at the time of impact.
EP83402048A 1982-10-26 1983-10-21 Device and projectile for precipitating avalanches Expired EP0108013B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83402048T ATE28705T1 (en) 1982-10-26 1983-10-21 DEVICE AND PROJECTION FOR TRIGGERING AVALANCHES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8217902A FR2535045A1 (en) 1982-10-26 1982-10-26 PROJECTILE TRIGGER OF AVALANCHES
FR8217902 1982-10-26

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EP0108013A1 true EP0108013A1 (en) 1984-05-09
EP0108013B1 EP0108013B1 (en) 1987-07-29

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AT (1) ATE28705T1 (en)
FR (1) FR2535045A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0324723A2 (en) * 1988-01-12 1989-07-19 Air-Zermatt Ag Method for starting avalanches, and device therefor
FR2682137A1 (en) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-09 Berthelon Bernard Method and device for initiating avalanches
EP0798536A3 (en) * 1996-03-26 1999-03-03 KONRAD DOPPELMAYR & SOHN MASCHINENFABRIK GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H. & CO. KG. Device for starting avalanches or the like
EP1035402A3 (en) * 1999-03-11 2001-02-28 Monterosa S.p.A. Device and method for artificially causing an avalanche
EP2287559A2 (en) 2009-08-18 2011-02-23 Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG Device and method for triggering avalanches
FR2964732A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-16 Alp Artifices PROJECTILE FOR AVALANCHE TRAPPING
FR3001536A1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-01 Luca Joel De Impact device for explosive charge in contact with target, has striker secured by removable safety pin on shutter, where striker is intended to strike primer of explosive charge through perforated support
EP3076122A1 (en) * 2015-04-01 2016-10-05 Inauen-Schätti AG System for triggering of avalanches

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH369158A (en) * 1957-03-07 1963-05-15 Alfred Dipl Ing Messerli Procedure for bombarding avalanche slopes and facilities for exercising the same
DE2634985A1 (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-02-09 Alois Schneider Helicopter borne lance for releasing overhanging ice - has telescopic tube with nozzle directing hot water on ice formation
EP0030052A1 (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-10 FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme Telescopic projectile

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH369158A (en) * 1957-03-07 1963-05-15 Alfred Dipl Ing Messerli Procedure for bombarding avalanche slopes and facilities for exercising the same
DE2634985A1 (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-02-09 Alois Schneider Helicopter borne lance for releasing overhanging ice - has telescopic tube with nozzle directing hot water on ice formation
EP0030052A1 (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-10 FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme Telescopic projectile

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0324723A2 (en) * 1988-01-12 1989-07-19 Air-Zermatt Ag Method for starting avalanches, and device therefor
EP0324723A3 (en) * 1988-01-12 1990-11-28 Air-Zermatt Ag Method for starting avalanches, and device therefor
FR2682137A1 (en) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-09 Berthelon Bernard Method and device for initiating avalanches
EP0798536A3 (en) * 1996-03-26 1999-03-03 KONRAD DOPPELMAYR & SOHN MASCHINENFABRIK GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H. & CO. KG. Device for starting avalanches or the like
EP1035402A3 (en) * 1999-03-11 2001-02-28 Monterosa S.p.A. Device and method for artificially causing an avalanche
EP2287559A2 (en) 2009-08-18 2011-02-23 Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG Device and method for triggering avalanches
DE102009037705A1 (en) 2009-08-18 2011-03-03 Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG Method and device for triggering avalanches
FR2964732A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-16 Alp Artifices PROJECTILE FOR AVALANCHE TRAPPING
WO2012035215A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-22 Alp'artifices Projectile for avalanche triggering
FR3001536A1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-01 Luca Joel De Impact device for explosive charge in contact with target, has striker secured by removable safety pin on shutter, where striker is intended to strike primer of explosive charge through perforated support
EP3076122A1 (en) * 2015-04-01 2016-10-05 Inauen-Schätti AG System for triggering of avalanches

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0108013B1 (en) 1987-07-29
FR2535045B1 (en) 1985-01-18
FR2535045A1 (en) 1984-04-27
ATE28705T1 (en) 1987-08-15

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