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EP0104519B1 - Protective shelter for observation or defence, in particular for infantry or sentry tasks - Google Patents

Protective shelter for observation or defence, in particular for infantry or sentry tasks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104519B1
EP0104519B1 EP83108903A EP83108903A EP0104519B1 EP 0104519 B1 EP0104519 B1 EP 0104519B1 EP 83108903 A EP83108903 A EP 83108903A EP 83108903 A EP83108903 A EP 83108903A EP 0104519 B1 EP0104519 B1 EP 0104519B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
protective
cover
protective cover
weapons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83108903A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0104519A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr. Heierli
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT83108903T priority Critical patent/ATE23924T1/en
Publication of EP0104519A1 publication Critical patent/EP0104519A1/en
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Publication of EP0104519B1 publication Critical patent/EP0104519B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/24Armour; Armour plates for stationary use, e.g. fortifications ; Shelters; Guard Booths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device for observing and defending, in particular for the infantry and for surveillance tasks, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a device of this kind is known from GB-A-577 933. It has a concrete pipe inserted vertically into a hole in the ground, which is covered by a concrete cover. At the edge of the cover is a cylindrical jacket that protrudes downwards and lies on the inner wall of the concrete pipe and has loopholes.
  • the cover can be moved by means of a hydraulic lifting device from a lower position, in which it lies on the upper edge of the concrete pipe, to an upper position, in which the lower edge of the cylinder jacket lies on the inside of the upper part of the concrete pipe, i.e. the concrete pipe and cylinder jacket how the casing tubes of a telescope are pulled out. In this upper position, the soldiers can shoot through the loopholes provided in the cylinder jacket, standing on pedestals arranged in the concrete pipe.
  • a hole that can be covered by a plate is provided in the cover for entry and exit into and from the concrete pipe.
  • the soldier is cramped by the cylinder jacket when handling the weapon and shooting.
  • the cylinder jacket apparently protects against enemy fire; however, the invention is based on the knowledge that this protection is deceptive because the enemy aims at the embrasures from the outset, i.e. can aim at the targets given by the embrasures before the soldier moves into the firing position with his weapon in the protective device.
  • Another disadvantage is that neither larger handguns nor mine launchers or other cable cars, hand grenades, etc. can be used.
  • the lid in the area of the hole provided for entry and exit offers practically no, at least completely inadequate protection against enemy weaponry; because the plate intended for its cover must be lifted by the soldier and can therefore only be carried out lightly. In any case, because of the completely inadequate protective effect of the plate, the hole must be dimensioned small, so that getting in and out is extremely tedious.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple protective device of the type mentioned, which can be set up quickly by anyone and on the one hand offers the greatest possible protection against hostile weapon effects, on the other hand does not make it difficult to use one's own weapon from the protective device, and which one depends on the combat situation firstly, closing like a shelter on all sides, secondly just opening as far as is necessary for observing and using smaller weapons while maintaining the greatest possible protection, and thirdly, opening fully so that the use of larger infantry weapons, such as anti-tank weapons, mine launchers and other cable car weapons, as well as hand grenades, etc., and an unimpeded, rapid exit of the soldiers and an unhindered loading and unloading of material is made possible.
  • larger infantry weapons such as anti-tank weapons, mine launchers and other cable car weapons, as well as hand grenades, etc.
  • the protective device In the lower position of the protective cover, the protective device is completely closed like an actual protective space, so that it offers a high degree of protection against mechanical, thermal, radioactive and chemical weapon effects.
  • a gap sufficient for all-round observation and shooting with smaller weapons is opened while maintaining the greatest possible protective effect.
  • the device can be converted from a protected area into a weapon position within a few seconds, which enables the use of larger infantry weapons, such as anti-tank weapons, mine launchers and other aerial weapons, as well as hand grenades, etc. This also enables unhindered, rapid entry and exit of the soldiers as well as unhindered loading and unloading of material.
  • the protective device shown has a support and protective jacket 2 inserted into a hole in the ground 1, which is composed of eight metal sheets 3-10, which are angled at an obtuse angle to increase the rigidity, so that the jacket 2 has a 16-square plan is.
  • the longitudinal edges 11 of the metal sheets 3-10 are angled outwards and have slots for connection by means of flat bolts 12, which have a longitudinal slot for receiving a transverse wedge or flat wedge, by the driving in of which for the Assembly only loosely pressed edges 11 are pressed together.
  • the angled edges 11 not only serve for the mutual connection of the sheet metal panels 3-10 but also form reinforcing ribs of the jacket.
  • the jacket 2 is arranged on a circular base plate 13, the edge of which protrudes beyond the jacket and onto which a cylinder ring 43 is welded.
  • the outer radius of the cylinder ring 43 corresponds to the radius of the incircle of the 16-sided jacket cross section and the cylinder ring 43, which therefore touches all 16 sides of the jacket, is connected at the points of contact in the manner described above by bolts 14 secured to the jacket sheet metal panels 3-10 by means of cotter keys.
  • an upper ring 15 with an L-shaped cross section is fastened in a corresponding manner by means of bolts 16.
  • the upper and lower rings 15 and 43 can have somewhat different radii, so that the upper ring 15 can be inserted into or onto the ring 43 during transport, in which case the metal sheets 3-10 can be correspondingly tapered in a trapezoidal manner.
  • the cover 17 has a protective collar or protective ring 18, which is formed from a circular hollow profile with a rectangular cross section and whose outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper ring 15.
  • An armored steel plate 19 is arranged on the rim 18, on the rim 18 of which a sealing ring 21 is fastened, which lies tightly on the horizontally outwardly projecting leg of the upper ring 15 and against the penetration of water, napalm, Protects FAE (Fuel Air Explosives) C-gases etc.
  • a T-profile 23 welded to the metal sheet 3 carries a guide sleeve 24 in which an axis 25 is mounted so as to be vertically displaceable, the ends of which protrude from the guide sleeve.
  • the upper end of the axle is firmly seated in a bushing 26 which is fastened to the collar 18.
  • the axis 25 is rotatably mounted on the lifting device 27 and a locking device 29 for locking the axis 25 and thus the protective cover 17 is arranged in the respectively desired height and pivot position on the guide sleeve 24. If the cover 17 is jammed as a result of strong hostile weapon action or is burdened by large earth masses and the hydraulic lifting device 27 is therefore no longer sufficient to lift the cover 17, this can be lifted by means of the spindles 30 guided through the supports 22, which also for fixing the can serve uplifted lid while observing and using weapons.
  • the protective effect of the cover can also be increased by additional steel plates 31 which can be placed on top, by earth shoes 32 or by a net attached to the cover and filled with larger stones.
  • additional steel plates 31 which can be placed on top, by earth shoes 32 or by a net attached to the cover and filled with larger stones.
  • a ring 33 with an L-shaped cross section is provided, which is screwed to the protective ring 18 with screws 34 through holes drilled in the steel plate 19 and optionally in the additionally placed steel plates 31.
  • the earth layer 32 poured onto the plates 31 is held on the cover by the vertical leg of the ring 33. If no additional armor plates 31 are placed, the screws 34 serve to secure the steel plate 19 on the ring 18.
  • the ring 33 can be omitted if the steel plate 19 or plates 31 are not covered with earth.
  • a pipe socket 35 is fastened in the lower part, into which a connecting pipe (not shown) can be guided, which connects the protective device with another, similar protective device, a protective space or a trench and also for the storage of weapons and ammunition can serve.
  • the bottom of the pipe socket 35 and the adjoining connecting tube can be flush with the bottom plate 13.
  • the bottom of the pipe socket 35 and connecting pipe is expediently arranged lower than the base plate 13.
  • the diameter of the pipe socket 35 and connecting pipe is chosen so large that the soldiers can walk through the connecting path in a stooped position.
  • the height of the step by which the bottom of the pipe socket 35 is offset downward from the base plate 13 is expediently chosen so that the soldiers can still descend from the protective device into the pipe socket in a crouched position.
  • the opening in the sheet metal panels provided for the connection path can be closed off from the connection path by a removable cover to protect against splinters or gases.
  • the protective device can be inserted into the hole with the aid of the excavator to be used as a crane, with eyelets being expediently attached to the outside of the jacket so that the jacket is attached to the excavator shovel by means of wire cables can be.
  • the protective cover 17 is expediently put on only afterwards, the axis 25 being inserted into the guide sleeve 24.
  • the protective device can, however, also be easily constructed in an earth hole, the base plate 13 provided with the ring 43 being laid first. Then the metal sheets 3-10 are inserted on the ring 43 and attached to each other and then connected to the upper ring 15. The edge of the bottom plate 13 and the cladding sheets 3-10 are then embedded in earth.
  • the middle mantle area can be surrounded with a soft, flexible material 37, for example foam plastic, hay, straw or twigs.
  • the upper casing area is expediently surrounded with coarse stones 36 up to the horizontal leg of the upper ring 15. This can increase the resistance of the protective device and reduce the impact of vibrations on the occupants.
  • the inner wall of the jacket could also be lined with foam.
  • the protective device By closing the protective cover 17, the protective device can be completely closed and thus optimally protected.
  • the cover 17 is only lifted by the lifting device 27 to such an extent that the slot created between the protective ring 18 and the upper ring 15 is sufficient for looking through and for shooting through with small handguns.
  • the upper part of the observer's head or helmet protrudes into the space enclosed by the protective ring 18 and is protected laterally by the protective ring and at the top by the armor plate 19 (and 31). With the exception of the narrow eye area, the entire head of the observer or shooter remains protected in this lid position.
  • larger flat weapons e.g.
  • PAL anti-tank weapons
  • ropeway weapons such as mine launchers
  • a handle can be attached, which serves to turn the cover 17. Furthermore, a security device can be provided which secures the lid 17 in the closed position against unauthorized lifting and against the suction in the event of detonations.
  • the cladding sheets 3-10 could also be welded to one another and to the upper ring 15 and the bottom plate 13.
  • the angled edges 11 can be omitted and the jacket can instead be provided with horizontal stiffening ribs.
  • the jacket could also consist of a concrete tube, which expediently has an outwardly projecting annular bead at the ends, which corresponds to the horizontal leg of the ring 15 and the edge of the base plate 13.
  • the protective device designed with such a concrete pipe can also be constructed analogously to the protective device shown in the drawing, that is to say with a guide sleeve 24 on the inner wall of the concrete pipe for the axis 25 of the cover 17 and a support 28 for the lifting device 17.
  • the cover is expedient to carry out and support in addition to the requirements regarding protection against weapon effects for the usual traffic loads and to seal against dirty water and dirt.
  • the casing together with integrally formed inner projections for the pivotable mounting of the cover and for its lifting device and for support means for the spindles, can be made in one piece with the base from reinforced concrete.
  • the lid can consist of a steel tub filled with concrete.
  • the protective device can be prepared in peacetime, the protective cover 17 being covered with earth and grass, asphalt, etc., depending on the soil surrounding the device, and e.g. can be inserted flush into the street floor, so that the protective device cannot be recognized or its cover cannot be distinguished from conventional manhole covers.
  • a plate which is curved in the manner of a hood could also be provided.
  • angled sheet metal elements 3-10 flat or curved sheet metal elements or corrugated sheet metal elements could also be used.
  • the cover 17 could also be rotatably mounted on an axis that is non-rotatable in a guide.
  • the protective cover 17 can be provided with a hole for inserting a trench mirror or periscope, or the axis 25 can be hollow for receiving a trench mirror or periscope and can be guided through the cover 17.
  • a pipe socket on the outside of the cover 17 can connect to the hole or the hollow axis protrudes beyond the cover 17 so that the trench mirror or the periscope can be passed through the earth layer 32.
  • a bellows aerator can be provided to ventilate the interior of the protective device.
  • a weapon filter can be used to protect against C weapons. (For example, filters intended for the personal protective mask can be connected to the bellows aerator.)
  • the resilient material 37 is provided.
  • the jacket 2 can also be double-walled at least in the region of the guide sleeve 24 and axis 25.
  • an additional, outer metal sheet 3 can be attached to the two flanges 11 of the metal sheet 3, the space between this additional metal sheet and the metal sheet 3 being kept free or being filled with a compressible material. This creates a crumple zone, ie the outer metal sheet is deformed in the event of a strong detonation in the vicinity of the protective device and thus protects the metal sheet 3 and thus also the guide sleeve 24 and axis 25 against deformation.
  • the jacket can also be double-walled over its entire circumference, in the manner of a crumple zone.
  • the protective device can have a double-walled tin pot, which forms the jacket and bottom of the device.
  • the space between the outer and inner wall of the pot is empty or filled with compressible material. So that the upper part of the pot casing, which is only protected by a thin layer of earth when splinters hit at an angle from above, provides effective splinter protection, the upper annular space of the double-walled pot casing can be filled with concrete.
  • the pot can be placed with the bottom up.
  • the concrete ring should of course only be dimensioned as high as is necessary for the splinter protection, in the middle and lower part of the casing ring space, which is adequately protected by the soil, no splinter protection is necessary, but rather the protection against detonation waves explained above in the manner of a crumple zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

1. Protective apparatus for observation and defence, particularly for the infantry and for guard duty, with, adapted to be disposed vertically in a hole in the ground (1), a bracing and protective casing (2) and a protective cover (17), adapted to be raised by lift means (27) from a lower into an upper position, characterised in that in the upper position there is between the bottom rim of the protective cover (17) or a protective collar (18) projecting downwardly from this latter, and the upper rim (15) of the casing, an open gap which is just sufficient for all-round observation and for shooting with hand weapons, and in that the protective cover (17), in the raised position, can be pivoted away from the opening of the casing about a vertical eccentric axis (25), so that infantry weapons including steep trajectory weapons can be inserted and so that the observers or marks-men can climb into and out of the apparatus through the opening in the casing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzvorrichtung zum Beobachten und Verteidigen, insbesondere für die Infanterie und für Bewachungsaufgaben, gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a protective device for observing and defending, in particular for the infantry and for surveillance tasks, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine Vorrichtung dieser Art ist aus der GB-A-577 933 bekannt. Sie hat ein vertikal in ein Loch im Erdboden eingesetztes Betonrohr, das durch einen Betondeckel abgedeckt ist. Am Rand des Deckels ist ein nach unten ragender Zylindermantel angeformt der an der Innenwand des Betonrohrs liegt und Schießscharten aufweist. Der Deckel kann mittels einer hydraulischen Hebevorrichtung aus einer unteren Stellung, in der er auf dem oberen Rand des Betonrohrs liegt in eine obere Stellung gebracht werden, in welcher der untere Rand des Zylindermantels an der Innenseite des oberen Teils des Betonrohrs liegt, Betonrohr und Zylindermantel also wie die Gehäuserohre eines Zugfernrohrs ausgezogen sind. In dieser oberen Stellung können die Soldaten durch die im Zylindermantel vorgesehenen Schießscharten schiessen, wobei sie auf im Betonrohr angeordneten Podesten stehen. Für den Ein- und Ausstieg in das bzw. aus dem Betonrohr ist im Deckel ein durch eine Platte abdeckbares Loch vorgesehen.A device of this kind is known from GB-A-577 933. It has a concrete pipe inserted vertically into a hole in the ground, which is covered by a concrete cover. At the edge of the cover is a cylindrical jacket that protrudes downwards and lies on the inner wall of the concrete pipe and has loopholes. The cover can be moved by means of a hydraulic lifting device from a lower position, in which it lies on the upper edge of the concrete pipe, to an upper position, in which the lower edge of the cylinder jacket lies on the inside of the upper part of the concrete pipe, i.e. the concrete pipe and cylinder jacket how the casing tubes of a telescope are pulled out. In this upper position, the soldiers can shoot through the loopholes provided in the cylinder jacket, standing on pedestals arranged in the concrete pipe. A hole that can be covered by a plate is provided in the cover for entry and exit into and from the concrete pipe.

Vor allem bei kleineren Schutzvorrichtungen der bekannten Art wird der Soldat beim Handhaben der Waffe und Schiessen durch den Zylindermantel beengt. Zwar schützt der Zylindermantel scheinbar vor feindlichem Feuer; die Erfindung geht aber von der Erkenntnis aus, dass dieser Schutz trügerisch ist, weil der Feind von vornherein auf die Schießscharten zielt, d.h. die durch die Schießscharten gegebenen Ziele anvisieren kann, bevor sich der Soldat in der Schutzvorrichtung mit seiner Waffe in die Schussposition begibt. Nachteilig ist ferner, dass weder grössere Handfeuerwaffen noch Minenwerfer oder andere Steilbahnwaffen, Handgranaten usw. eingesetzt werden können. Ausserdem bietet der Deckel im Bereich des für den Ein- und Ausstieg vorgesehenen Lochs praktisch keinen, jedenfalls völlig unzureichenden Schutz vor feindlicher Waffenwirkung; denn die für seine Abdeckung vorgesehene Platte muss vom Soldaten gehoben werden und kann daher nur leicht ausgeführt sein. Wegen der völlig unzureichenden Schutzwirkung der Platte muss das Loch jedenfalls klein dimensioniert werden, so dass der Ein- und Ausstieg äusserst mühsam wird.Especially in the case of smaller protective devices of the known type, the soldier is cramped by the cylinder jacket when handling the weapon and shooting. The cylinder jacket apparently protects against enemy fire; however, the invention is based on the knowledge that this protection is deceptive because the enemy aims at the embrasures from the outset, i.e. can aim at the targets given by the embrasures before the soldier moves into the firing position with his weapon in the protective device. Another disadvantage is that neither larger handguns nor mine launchers or other cable cars, hand grenades, etc. can be used. In addition, the lid in the area of the hole provided for entry and exit offers practically no, at least completely inadequate protection against enemy weaponry; because the plate intended for its cover must be lifted by the soldier and can therefore only be carried out lightly. In any case, because of the completely inadequate protective effect of the plate, the hole must be dimensioned small, so that getting in and out is extremely tedious.

Aus der DE-A-2 044 381 ist es ferner bekannt, einen eine Luke eines Fahrzeugs abdeckenden Deckel aus der Verschließstellung anzuheben und um eine exzentrisch zur Deckelmitte gelagerte Achse von der Luke wegzuschwenken. Dabei erfolgt das Heben und Schwenken des Deckels zwangsläufig unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgend und der Deckel wird nur gerade so weit gehoben, wie dies zum Schwenken notwendig ist.From DE-A-2 044 381 it is also known to lift a cover covering a hatch of a vehicle out of the closed position and to pivot an axis which is eccentrically mounted to the center of the cover away from the hatch. The lid is then lifted and swiveled in direct succession and the lid is only lifted just as far as is necessary for swiveling.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine einfache Schutzvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die rasch von jedermann aufgebaut werden kann und einerseits grösstmöglichen Schutz gegen feindliche Waffenwirkungen bietet, andererseits den eigenen Waffeneinsatz aus der Schutzvorrichtung heraus nicht erschwert, und die man je nach Kampflage erstens wie ein Schutzraum allseitig schliessen, zweitens gerade so weit öffnen, wie dies unter Beibehaltung des grösstmöglichen Schutzes zum Beobachten und zum Einsatz kleinerer Waffen erforderlich ist, und drittens ganz öffnen kann, damit der Einsatz grösserer Infanteriewaffen, wie Panzerabwehrwaffen, Minenwerfer und anderer Steilbahnwaffen, sowie von Handgranaten, usw., und ein unbehinderter, rascher Ausstieg der Soldaten sowie ein unbehindertes Ein- und Ausladen von Material ermöglicht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a simple protective device of the type mentioned, which can be set up quickly by anyone and on the one hand offers the greatest possible protection against hostile weapon effects, on the other hand does not make it difficult to use one's own weapon from the protective device, and which one depends on the combat situation firstly, closing like a shelter on all sides, secondly just opening as far as is necessary for observing and using smaller weapons while maintaining the greatest possible protection, and thirdly, opening fully so that the use of larger infantry weapons, such as anti-tank weapons, mine launchers and other cable car weapons, as well as hand grenades, etc., and an unimpeded, rapid exit of the soldiers and an unhindered loading and unloading of material is made possible.

Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 1.The inventive solution to this problem is the subject of claim 1.

In der unteren Stellung des Schutzdeckels ist die Schutzvorrichtung wie ein eigentlicher Schutzraum vollständig geschlossen, so dass sie einen hohen Schutzgrad gegen mechanische , thermische, radioaktive und chemische Waffenwirkungen bietet. Durch Heben des Schutzdeckels in die obere Stellung wird unter Beibehaltung grösstmöglicher Schutzwirkung ein zum allseitigen Beobachten und Schiessen mit kleineren Waffen ausreichender Spalt geöffnet. Andererseits lässt sich die Vorrichtung durch Heben und Wegschwenken des Schutzdeckels innert weniger Sekunden vom Schutzraum in eine Waffenstellung verwandeln, die den Einsatz grösserer Infanteriewaffen, wie Panzerabwehrwaffen, Minenwerfer und anderer Steilbahnwaffen, sowie von Handgranaten, usw., ermöglicht. Dabei wird zudem ein unbehinderter, rascher Ein- und Ausstieg der Soldaten sowie ein unbehindertes Ein- und Ausladen von Material ermöglicht.In the lower position of the protective cover, the protective device is completely closed like an actual protective space, so that it offers a high degree of protection against mechanical, thermal, radioactive and chemical weapon effects. By lifting the protective cover to the upper position, a gap sufficient for all-round observation and shooting with smaller weapons is opened while maintaining the greatest possible protective effect. On the other hand, by lifting and swiveling the protective cover away, the device can be converted from a protected area into a weapon position within a few seconds, which enables the use of larger infantry weapons, such as anti-tank weapons, mine launchers and other aerial weapons, as well as hand grenades, etc. This also enables unhindered, rapid entry and exit of the soldiers as well as unhindered loading and unloading of material.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsarten der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 17 umschreiben.Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in claims 2 to 17.

Im folgenden wird anhand der Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Schutzvorrichtung, nach der Linie I-I in Fig. 2,und
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch die Schutzvorrichtung nach der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1.
In the following an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a protective device, along the line II in Fig. 2, and
  • 2 shows a cross section through the protective device along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1st

Die dargestellte Schutzvorrichtung hat einen in ein Loch im Erdboden 1 eingesetzten Stütz- und Schutzmantel 2, der aus acht Blechtafeln 3-10 zusammengesetzt ist, die zur Erhöhung der Steifigkeit unter einem stumpfen Winkel abgewinkelt sind, so dass der Mantel 2 im Grundriss 16-eckig ist. Die Längsränder 11 der Blechtafeln 3-10 sind nach aussen abgewinkelt und haben Schlitze zur Verbindung mittels Flachbolzen 12, welche einen Längsschlitz zur Aufnahme eines Querkeils bzw. Flachkeils haben, durch dessen Einschlagen die für den Zusammenbau nur lose aneinander gelegten Ränder 11 aneinander gepresst werden. Die abgewinkelten Ränder 11 dienen nicht nur zur gegenseitigen Verbindung der Mantelblechtafeln 3-10 sondern bilden auch Verstärkungsrippen des Mantels. Der Mantel 2 ist auf einem kreisrunden Bodenblech 13 angeordnet, dessen Rand über den Mantel vorsteht, und auf das ein Zylinderring 43 geschweisst ist. Der Aussenradius des Zylinderrings 43 entspricht dem Radius des Inkreises des 16-eckigen Mantelquerschnitts und der deshalb alle 16 Seiten des Mantels berührende Zylinderring 43 ist an den Berührungsstellen in der oben beschriebenen Weise durch mit Cluerkeilen gesicherte Bolzen 14 mit den Mantelblechtafeln 3-10 verbunden. Am oberen Rand des Mantels 2 ist auf entsprechende Weise ein im Querschnitt L-förmiger, oberer Ring 15 mittels Bolzen 16 befestigt. Der obere und untere Ring 15 und 43 können etwas unterschiedliche Radien haben, damit der obere Ring 15 beim Transport in oder auf den Ring 43 gesteckt werden kann, wobei in diesem Fall die Blechtafeln 3-10 entsprechend trapezförmig verjüngt sein können.The protective device shown has a support and protective jacket 2 inserted into a hole in the ground 1, which is composed of eight metal sheets 3-10, which are angled at an obtuse angle to increase the rigidity, so that the jacket 2 has a 16-square plan is. The longitudinal edges 11 of the metal sheets 3-10 are angled outwards and have slots for connection by means of flat bolts 12, which have a longitudinal slot for receiving a transverse wedge or flat wedge, by the driving in of which for the Assembly only loosely pressed edges 11 are pressed together. The angled edges 11 not only serve for the mutual connection of the sheet metal panels 3-10 but also form reinforcing ribs of the jacket. The jacket 2 is arranged on a circular base plate 13, the edge of which protrudes beyond the jacket and onto which a cylinder ring 43 is welded. The outer radius of the cylinder ring 43 corresponds to the radius of the incircle of the 16-sided jacket cross section and the cylinder ring 43, which therefore touches all 16 sides of the jacket, is connected at the points of contact in the manner described above by bolts 14 secured to the jacket sheet metal panels 3-10 by means of cotter keys. At the upper edge of the casing 2, an upper ring 15 with an L-shaped cross section is fastened in a corresponding manner by means of bolts 16. The upper and lower rings 15 and 43 can have somewhat different radii, so that the upper ring 15 can be inserted into or onto the ring 43 during transport, in which case the metal sheets 3-10 can be correspondingly tapered in a trapezoidal manner.

Ein Schutzdeckel 17, der - wie weiter unten näher beschrieben - in der Höhe verstellbar und horizontal schwenkbar ist, deckt in der dargestellten Schliessstellung den Mantel 2 oben ab. Der Deckel 17 hat einen Schutzkragen bzw. Schutzkranz 18, der aus einem kreisförmigen, im Querschnitt rechteckigen Hohlprofil gebildet ist und dessen Aussendurchmesser kleiner als der Innendurchmesser des oberen Rings 15 ist. Auf dem Kranz 18 ist eine Panzerstahlplatte 19 angeordnet, an deren über den Kranz 18 nach aussen vorstehendem Rand 20 ein Dichtungsring 21 befestigt ist, der dicht auf dem horizontal nach aussen ragenden Schenkel des oberen Rings 15 liegt und gegen das Eindringen von Wasser, Napalm, FAE (Fuel Air Explosives) C-Gasen usw. schützt. An der Innenseite des vertikalen Schenkels des oberen Rings 15 sind mehrere Auflager 22 für Spindeln 30 befestigt, deren Zweck weiter unten beschrieben ist. Ein an die Blechtafel 3 geschweisstes T-Profil 23 trägt eine Führungshülse 24, in der eine Achse 25 vertikal verschiebbar gelagert iist, deren Enden aus der Führungshülse herausragen. Das obere Achsenende sitzt fest in einer Buchse 26, die am Kranz 18 befestigt ist. Am unteren Achsenende greift eine hydraulische Hebevorrichtung 27 an, die auf einem mit der Blechtafel 3 verschweissten Auflager 28 abgestützt ist. Die Achse 25 ist auf der Hebevorrichtung 27 drehbar gelagert und an der Führungshülse 24 ist eine Arretiervorrichtung 29 zum Arretieren der Achse 25 und damit des Schutzdeckels 17 in der jeweils gewünschten Höhen- und Schwenklage angeordnet. Wenn der Deckel 17 infolge starker feindlicher Waffenwirkung verklemmt oder durch grosse Erdmassen belastet sein sollte und die hydraulische Hebevorrichtung 27 deshalb nicht mehr zum Heben des Deckels 17 ausreicht, kann dieser mittels der durch die Auflager 22 geführter Spindeln 30 gehoben werden, die auch zum Fixieren des gehobenen Deckels beim Beobachten und beim Waffeneinsatz dienen können.A protective cover 17, which - as described in more detail below - can be adjusted in height and pivoted horizontally, covers the jacket 2 at the top in the closed position shown. The cover 17 has a protective collar or protective ring 18, which is formed from a circular hollow profile with a rectangular cross section and whose outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper ring 15. An armored steel plate 19 is arranged on the rim 18, on the rim 18 of which a sealing ring 21 is fastened, which lies tightly on the horizontally outwardly projecting leg of the upper ring 15 and against the penetration of water, napalm, Protects FAE (Fuel Air Explosives) C-gases etc. On the inside of the vertical leg of the upper ring 15, a plurality of supports 22 for spindles 30 are attached, the purpose of which is described below. A T-profile 23 welded to the metal sheet 3 carries a guide sleeve 24 in which an axis 25 is mounted so as to be vertically displaceable, the ends of which protrude from the guide sleeve. The upper end of the axle is firmly seated in a bushing 26 which is fastened to the collar 18. A hydraulic lifting device 27, which is supported on a support 28 welded to the metal sheet 3, engages at the lower end of the axis. The axis 25 is rotatably mounted on the lifting device 27 and a locking device 29 for locking the axis 25 and thus the protective cover 17 is arranged in the respectively desired height and pivot position on the guide sleeve 24. If the cover 17 is jammed as a result of strong hostile weapon action or is burdened by large earth masses and the hydraulic lifting device 27 is therefore no longer sufficient to lift the cover 17, this can be lifted by means of the spindles 30 guided through the supports 22, which also for fixing the can serve uplifted lid while observing and using weapons.

Die Schutzwirkung des Deckels, insbesondere gegen Splitter, Bomblets und radioaktive Strahlung kann noch durch zusätzlich aufsetzbare Stahlplatten 31, durch eine Erdschieht 32 oder durch ein auf dem Deckel befestigtes, mit grösseren Steinen gefülltes Netz erhöht werden. Zum Halten der Erdschicht 32 auf dem Deckel ist ein im Querschnitt L-förmiger Ring 33 vorgesehen, der mit Schrauben 34 durch in die Stahlplatte 19 und gegebenenfalls in die zusätzlich aufgelegten Stahlplatten 31 gebohrte Löcher fest mit dem Schutzkranz 18 verschraubt wird. Die auf die Platten 31 geschüttete Erdschicht 32 wird durch den vertikalen Schenkel des Rings 33 auf dem Deckel gehalten. Wenn keine zusätzlichen Panzerplatten 31 aufgelegt werden, dienen die Schrauben 34 zur Sicherung der Stahlplatte 19 auf dem Kranz 18. Der Ring 33 kann weggelassen werden, wenn die Stahlplatte 19 bzw. -platten 31 nicht mit Erde überschüttet werden.The protective effect of the cover, in particular against splinters, bomblets and radioactive radiation, can also be increased by additional steel plates 31 which can be placed on top, by earth shoes 32 or by a net attached to the cover and filled with larger stones. To hold the earth layer 32 on the cover, a ring 33 with an L-shaped cross section is provided, which is screwed to the protective ring 18 with screws 34 through holes drilled in the steel plate 19 and optionally in the additionally placed steel plates 31. The earth layer 32 poured onto the plates 31 is held on the cover by the vertical leg of the ring 33. If no additional armor plates 31 are placed, the screws 34 serve to secure the steel plate 19 on the ring 18. The ring 33 can be omitted if the steel plate 19 or plates 31 are not covered with earth.

An den Mantelblechtafeln 8 und 9 ist im unteren Teil ein Rohrstutzen 35 befestigt, in den ein Verbindungsrohr (nicht dargestellt) geführt werden kann, das die Schutzvorrichtung mit einer anderen, gleichartigen Schutzvorrichtung, einem Schutzraum oder einem Graben verbindet und das auch zur Lagerung von Waffen und Munition dienen kann. Der Boden des Rohrstutzens 35 und des anschliessenden Verbindungsrohrs kann bündig mit dem Bodenblech 13 sein. Um den vom Rohrstutzen 35 durch das Verbindungsrohr führenden Verbindungsweg zwischen den Schutzvorrichtungen durch eine möglichst dicke Erdschicht- oder Schutzschicht aus Steinen od. dgl. zu schützen, wird der Boden des Rohrstutzens 35 und Verbindungsrohrs aber zweckmässig tiefer als das Bodenblech 13 angeordnet. Dabei wird der Durchmesser des Rohrstutzens 35 und Verbindungsrohrs so gross gewählt, dass die Soldaten in gebückter Stellung durch den Verbindungsweg gehen können. Die Höhe der Stufe, um welche der Boden des Rohrstutzens 35 gegenüber dem Bodenblech 13 nach unten versetzt ist, wird zweckmässig so gewählt, dass die Soldaten noch in kauernder Stellung aus der Schutzvorrichtung in den Rohrstutzen hinabsteigen können.On the metal sheets 8 and 9, a pipe socket 35 is fastened in the lower part, into which a connecting pipe (not shown) can be guided, which connects the protective device with another, similar protective device, a protective space or a trench and also for the storage of weapons and ammunition can serve. The bottom of the pipe socket 35 and the adjoining connecting tube can be flush with the bottom plate 13. In order to protect the connection path between the protective devices leading from the pipe socket 35 through the connecting pipe by means of a layer of earth or protective layer of stones or the like which is as thick as possible, the bottom of the pipe socket 35 and connecting pipe is expediently arranged lower than the base plate 13. The diameter of the pipe socket 35 and connecting pipe is chosen so large that the soldiers can walk through the connecting path in a stooped position. The height of the step by which the bottom of the pipe socket 35 is offset downward from the base plate 13 is expediently chosen so that the soldiers can still descend from the protective device into the pipe socket in a crouched position.

Die für den Verbindungsweg vorgesehene Oeffnung in den Mantelblechtafeln kann zum Schutz gegen Splitter oder Gase vom Verbindungsweg durch einen abnehmbaren Deckel abgeschlossen werden.The opening in the sheet metal panels provided for the connection path can be closed off from the connection path by a removable cover to protect against splinters or gases.

Wenn ein Bagger zum Ausheben des Lochs für die Schutzvorrichtung zur Verfügung steht, kann die Schutzvorrichtung mit Hilfe des dabei als Kran zu verwendenden Baggers in das Loch eingesetzt werden, wobei an der Mantelaussenseite zweckmässig Oesen angebracht werden, damit der Mantel mittels Drahtseilen an der Baggerschaufel angehängt werden kann. Der Schutzdeckel 17 wird zweckmässig erst anschliessend aufgesetzt, wobei die Achse 25 in die Führungshülse 24 eingesetzt wird.If an excavator for excavating the hole is available for the protective device, the protective device can be inserted into the hole with the aid of the excavator to be used as a crane, with eyelets being expediently attached to the outside of the jacket so that the jacket is attached to the excavator shovel by means of wire cables can be. The protective cover 17 is expediently put on only afterwards, the axis 25 being inserted into the guide sleeve 24.

Die Schutzvorrichtung kann aber ohne weiteres auch in einem Erdloch aufgebaut werden, wobei zuerst das mit dem Ring 43 versehene Bodenblech 13 verlegt wird. Daraufhin werden die Mantelblechtafeln 3-10 eingesetzt am Ring 43 und gegenseitig befestigt und anschliessend mit dem oberen Ring 15 verbunden. Der Rand des Bodenblechs 13 und die Mantelblechtafeln 3-10 werden danach in Erde eingebettet. Aus Gründen des Schutzes gegen Detonationen von Granaten im Erdboden kann der mittlere Mantelbereich mit einem weichen, nachgiebigen Material 37, z-B-Schaumkunststoff, Heu, Stroh oder Zweigen umgeben werden. Der obere Mantelbereich wird zweckmässig bis zum horizontalen Schenkel des oberen Rings 15 mit groben Steinen 36 umgeben. Dadurch lassen sich die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Schutzvorrichtung erhöhen und die Erschütterungswirkungen auf die Insassen reduzieren. Zum Schutz gegen die letzteren Wirkungen sowie gegen den Lärm von Detonationen, könnte auch die Innenwand des Mantels mit Schaumstoff ausgekleidet werden.The protective device can, however, also be easily constructed in an earth hole, the base plate 13 provided with the ring 43 being laid first. Then the metal sheets 3-10 are inserted on the ring 43 and attached to each other and then connected to the upper ring 15. The edge of the bottom plate 13 and the cladding sheets 3-10 are then embedded in earth. For reasons of protection against detonations from grenades in the ground, the middle mantle area can be surrounded with a soft, flexible material 37, for example foam plastic, hay, straw or twigs. The upper casing area is expediently surrounded with coarse stones 36 up to the horizontal leg of the upper ring 15. This can increase the resistance of the protective device and reduce the impact of vibrations on the occupants. To protect against the latter effects and against the noise of detonations, the inner wall of the jacket could also be lined with foam.

Durch Schliessen des Schutzdeckels 17 kann die Schutzvorrichtung vollständig abgeschlossen und damit optimal geschützt werden. Zum Beobachten wird der Deckel 17 mittels der Hebevorrichtung 27 nur gerade soweit gehoben, dass der zwischen dem Schutzkranz 18 und dem oberen Ring 15 entstehende Schlitz zum Durchblicken und zum Hindurchschiessen mit kleineren Handfeuerwaffen ausreicht. Dabei ragt der obere Teil des Kopfes bzw. Helms des Beobachters in den vom Schutzkranz 18 umschlossenen Raum hinein und wird seitlich durch den Schutzkranz und oben durch die Panzerplatte 19 (sowie 31) geschützt. Mit Ausnahme des schmalen Augenbereichs bleibt in dieser Deckelstellung also der ganze Kopf des Beobachters bzw. Schützen geschützt. Zum Schiessen mit grösseren Flachbahnwaffen, z.B. Maschinengewehren, Panzerabwehrwaffen (einschliesslich PAL) und zum Einsatz anderer, grösserer Waffen, insbesondere Steilbahnwaffen, wie Minenwerfer, kann der Deckel 17 je nach Bedarf teilweise oder ganz weggeschwenkt werden. Dabei können alle Personen, die in der Schutzvorrichtung Platz haben, ohne weiteres gleichzeitig schiessen, ohne sich gegenseitig zu behindern.By closing the protective cover 17, the protective device can be completely closed and thus optimally protected. To observe, the cover 17 is only lifted by the lifting device 27 to such an extent that the slot created between the protective ring 18 and the upper ring 15 is sufficient for looking through and for shooting through with small handguns. The upper part of the observer's head or helmet protrudes into the space enclosed by the protective ring 18 and is protected laterally by the protective ring and at the top by the armor plate 19 (and 31). With the exception of the narrow eye area, the entire head of the observer or shooter remains protected in this lid position. For firing with larger flat weapons, e.g. Machine guns, anti-tank weapons (including PAL) and for the use of other, larger weapons, in particular ropeway weapons, such as mine launchers, the cover 17 can be partially or completely pivoted away as required. All persons who have space in the protective device can shoot at the same time without hindering one another.

An der Innenseite des Kranzes 18 kann ein Griff angebracht sein, der zum Drehen des Deckels 17 dient. Ferner kann eine Sicherungsvorrichtung vorgesehen sein die den Deckel 17 in der Schließstellung gegen unbefugtes Abheben und gegen den Sog bei Detonationen sichert.On the inside of the ring 18, a handle can be attached, which serves to turn the cover 17. Furthermore, a security device can be provided which secures the lid 17 in the closed position against unauthorized lifting and against the suction in the event of detonations.

Die Mantelblechtafeln 3-10 könnten auch gegenseitig sowie mit dem oberen Ring 15 und dem Bodenblech 13 verschweisst sein. Dabei können die abgewinkelten Ränder 11 entfallen und der Mantel kann stattdessen mit horizontalen Aussteifungsrippen versehen werden. Ferner könnte der Mantel auch aus einem Betonrohr bestehen, das zweckmässig an den Enden je einen nach aussen vorstehenden Ringwulst hat, der dem horizontalen Schenkel des Rings 15 und dem Rand des Bodenblechs 13 entspricht. Die mit einem solchen Betonrohr ausgeführte Schutzvorrichtung kann im übrigen analog aufgebaut sein wie die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Schutzvorrichtung, also mit einer Führungshülse 24 an der Innenwand des Betonrohrs für die Achse 25 des Deckels 17 und einem Auflager 28 für die Hebevorrichtung 17. Der Deckel ist zweckmässig zusätzlich zu den Anforderungen hinsichtlich des Schutzes gegen Waffenwirkungen für die üblichen Verkehrslasten auszuführen und abzustützen und gegen Schmutzwasser und Schmutz abzudichten.The cladding sheets 3-10 could also be welded to one another and to the upper ring 15 and the bottom plate 13. The angled edges 11 can be omitted and the jacket can instead be provided with horizontal stiffening ribs. Furthermore, the jacket could also consist of a concrete tube, which expediently has an outwardly projecting annular bead at the ends, which corresponds to the horizontal leg of the ring 15 and the edge of the base plate 13. The protective device designed with such a concrete pipe can also be constructed analogously to the protective device shown in the drawing, that is to say with a guide sleeve 24 on the inner wall of the concrete pipe for the axis 25 of the cover 17 and a support 28 for the lifting device 17. The cover is expedient to carry out and support in addition to the requirements regarding protection against weapon effects for the usual traffic loads and to seal against dirty water and dirt.

In Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform kann der Mantel zusammen mit angeformten inneren Vorsprüngen für die schwenkbare Lagerung des Deckels und für dessen Hebevorrichtung und für Stützmittel für die Spindeln einstückig mit dem Boden aus Stahlbeton bestehen.In a further development of this embodiment, the casing, together with integrally formed inner projections for the pivotable mounting of the cover and for its lifting device and for support means for the spindles, can be made in one piece with the base from reinforced concrete.

Der Deckel kann dabei aus einer mit Beton gefüllten Stahlwanne bestehen.The lid can consist of a steel tub filled with concrete.

Die Schutzvorrichtung kann bereits in Friedenszeiten vortereitet werden, wobei der Schutzdeckel 17 je nach dem die Vorrichtung umgebenden Boden mit Erde und Gras, Asphalt usw. bedeckt und z.B. bündig in den Strassenboden eingesetzt werden kann, so dass die Schutzvorrichtung nicht erkennbar bzw. deren Deckel nicht von üblichen Schachtdeckeln unterscheidbar ist.The protective device can be prepared in peacetime, the protective cover 17 being covered with earth and grass, asphalt, etc., depending on the soil surrounding the device, and e.g. can be inserted flush into the street floor, so that the protective device cannot be recognized or its cover cannot be distinguished from conventional manhole covers.

Anstelle der ebenen Panzerstahlplatte 19 könnte ferner auch eine haubenförmig nach oben gewölbte Platte vorgesehen sein.Instead of the flat armored steel plate 19, a plate which is curved in the manner of a hood could also be provided.

Statt der abgewinkelten Blechelemente 3-10 könnten auch ebene oder gewölbte Blechelemente oder Wellblechelemente verwendet werden. Der Deckel 17 könnte auch drehbar auf einer drehfest in einer Führung verschiebbaren Achse gelagert sein.Instead of the angled sheet metal elements 3-10, flat or curved sheet metal elements or corrugated sheet metal elements could also be used. The cover 17 could also be rotatably mounted on an axis that is non-rotatable in a guide.

Der Schutzdeckel 17 kann mit einem Loch zum Hindurchstecken eines Grabenspiegels oder Periskops versehen oder die Achse 25 kann zur Aufnahme eines Grabenspiegels oder Periskops hohl ausgebildet und durch den Deckel 17 hindurchgeführt sein. Bei diesen beiden Ausführungsarten kann ein Rohrstutzen an der Aussenseite des Deckels 17 an das Loch anschliessen bzw. die hohle Achse über den Deckel 17 hinausragen, damit der Grabenspiegel bzw. das Periskop durch die Erdschicht 32 hindurchgeführt werden kann. Zum Belüften des Innenraums der Schutzvorrichtung kann ein Balgbelüfter vorgesehen sein. Zum Schutz gegen C-Waffen kann dabei ein Kampfstoffilter verwendet werden. (Zum Beispiel können für die persönliche Schutzmaske vorgesehene Filter an den Balgbelüfter angeschlossen werden.)The protective cover 17 can be provided with a hole for inserting a trench mirror or periscope, or the axis 25 can be hollow for receiving a trench mirror or periscope and can be guided through the cover 17. In these two embodiments, a pipe socket on the outside of the cover 17 can connect to the hole or the hollow axis protrudes beyond the cover 17 so that the trench mirror or the periscope can be passed through the earth layer 32. A bellows aerator can be provided to ventilate the interior of the protective device. A weapon filter can be used to protect against C weapons. (For example, filters intended for the personal protective mask can be connected to the bellows aerator.)

Um den Mantel 2 gegen sich im Erdreich ausbreitende Detonationswellen (Druck- bzw. Stosswellen) zu schützen, ist beim in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel das nachgiebige Material 37 vorgesehen. Zum gleichen Zweck kann der Mantel 2 auch wenigstens im Bereich der Führungshülse 24 und Achse 25 doppelwandig ausgeführt sein. Beispielsweise kann an den beiden Flanschen 11 der Blechtafel 3 eine zusätzliche, äussere Blechtafel 3 befestigt werden, wobei der Raum zwischen dieser zusätzlichen Blechtafel und der Blechtafel 3 frei gehalten oder mit einem zusammendrückbaren Material ausgefüllt wird. Dadurch wir wird eine Knautschzone geschaffen, d.h. die äussere Blechtafel wird bei einer starken Detonation in der Nähe der Schutzvorrichtung verformt und schützt so die Blechtafel 3 und damit auch die Führungshülse 24 und Achse 25 gegen eine Verformung. Der Schutz gegen Verformung ist vor allem im Bereich der führungshülse 24 und Achse 25 wesentlich, damit das Heben und Schwenken des Deckels zuverlässig gewährleistet bleibt. Selbstverständlich kann aber der Mantel auch an seinem ganzen Umfang doppelwandig, nach Art einer Knautschzone ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise kann die Schutzvorrichtung einen doppelwandigen Blechtopf haben, der den Mantel und Boden der Vorrichtung bildet. Der Zwischenraum zwischen der Aussen- und Innenwand des Topfes ist dabei leer oder mit zusammendrückbarem Material gefüllt. Damit der obere Teil des Topfmantels, der bei schräg von oben auftreffenden Splittern nurdurch eine dünne Erdschicht geschützt ist, einen wirksamen Splitterschutz bietet, kann der obere Ringraum des doppelwandigen Topfmantels mit Beton gefüllt sein. Zum Einfüllen des Betons kann der Topf mit dem Boden nach oben aufgestellt werden. Der Betonring ist dabei selbstverständlich nur so hoch zu bemessen, wie dies für den Splitterschutz erforderlich ist, im durch das Erdreich genugend geschützten, mittleren und unteren Teil des Mantelringraums ist kein Splitterschutz notwendig sondern vielmehr der oben erläuterte Schutz gegen Detonationswellen nach Art einer Knautschzone.In order to protect the casing 2 against detonation waves (pressure or shock waves) propagating in the ground, the is in the Drawing shown embodiment, the resilient material 37 is provided. For the same purpose, the jacket 2 can also be double-walled at least in the region of the guide sleeve 24 and axis 25. For example, an additional, outer metal sheet 3 can be attached to the two flanges 11 of the metal sheet 3, the space between this additional metal sheet and the metal sheet 3 being kept free or being filled with a compressible material. This creates a crumple zone, ie the outer metal sheet is deformed in the event of a strong detonation in the vicinity of the protective device and thus protects the metal sheet 3 and thus also the guide sleeve 24 and axis 25 against deformation. Protection against deformation is particularly important in the area of the guide sleeve 24 and axis 25, so that the lifting and pivoting of the cover remains reliably guaranteed. Of course, the jacket can also be double-walled over its entire circumference, in the manner of a crumple zone. For example, the protective device can have a double-walled tin pot, which forms the jacket and bottom of the device. The space between the outer and inner wall of the pot is empty or filled with compressible material. So that the upper part of the pot casing, which is only protected by a thin layer of earth when splinters hit at an angle from above, provides effective splinter protection, the upper annular space of the double-walled pot casing can be filled with concrete. To fill the concrete, the pot can be placed with the bottom up. The concrete ring should of course only be dimensioned as high as is necessary for the splinter protection, in the middle and lower part of the casing ring space, which is adequately protected by the soil, no splinter protection is necessary, but rather the protection against detonation waves explained above in the manner of a crumple zone.

Claims (17)

1. Protective apparatus for observation and defence, particularly for the infantry and for guard duty, with, adapted to be disposed vertically in a hole in the ground (1), a bracing and protective casing (2) and a protective cover (17), adapted to be raised by lift means (27) from a lower into an upper position, characterised in that in the upper position there is between the bottom rim of the protective cover (17) or a protective collar (18) projecting downwardly from this latter, and the upper rim (15) of the casing, an open gap which is just sufficient for all-round observation and for shooting with hand weapons, and in that the protective cover (17), in the raised position, can be pivoted away from the opening of the casing about a vertical eccentric axis (25), so that infantry weapons including steep trajectory weapons can be inserted and so that the observers or marksmen can climb into and out of the apparatus through the opening in the casing.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the casing (2) is composed of several sheet metal elements (3-10).
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterised in that on their long sides, the sheet metal elements (3-10) have outwardly projecting members (11) on which the adjacent sheet metal elements (3-10) are joined to each other.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 2 or 3, - characterised in that the upper edges of the sheet metal elements (3-10) are fixed to an upper ring (15) while the bottom edges are fixed to a bottom ring (13).
5. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the protective cover (17) is mounted on a vertical axis (25) which is mounted in a guide (24) fixed on the casing (2) and is adapted to be raised and lowered in the longitudinal direction of the axis by means of a tilting device (27), the protective cover (17) being rotatable with or around the axis (25).
6. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that fixed on the inside of the upper casing rim or the upper ring (15) are a plurality of supports (22) for spindles (30) for lifting and bracing the cover (17).
7. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the protective cover (17) has a downwardly projecting protective collar (18).
8. Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterised in that the protective cover (17) has projecting laterally outwardly beyond the protective collar (18), a rim (20) to the underside of which is preferably fixed a sealing ring (21) which in the lower position of the cover is pressed tightly onto the top rim of the casing (2) or the upper ring (15).
9. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that terminating in the bottom part of the casing (2) is or are one or a plurality of tubes (35) which serve for connection to other protective apparatuses or protective spaces and/or forthe storage of weapons and ammunition, one or a plurality of detachable closure elements being expediently provided for the mouths of the tubes.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, characterised in that the bottom of the tube or tubes (35) is or are offset downwardly in relation to the bottom (13) of the apparatus.
11. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the protective cover has a hole for a periscope or trench mirror or in that the axis on which the protective cover is mounted is hollow and is guided through the protective cover in order to accommodate a trench mirror or a periscope.
12. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised by a bellows ventilator for ventilating the interior of the apparatus and a combat substance filter as a safeguard against C-weapons.
13. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the casing consists of sheet steel plates welded to one another and on which there are welded supports for the pivoting, raising and bracing means of the cover, which likewise consists of steel plate.
14. Apparetus according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the casing is constructed in one piece with supports for the pivoting, raising and bracing means of the cover and with the bottom of steel-reinforced concrete, while the cover consists of a steel shell filled with concrete.
15. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the casing is at least partially of double-skin construction, the outer casing wall and the intermediate space between said wall and the inner wall is hollow or may be filled with compressible material and has a crumple zone to protect the inner casing wall from detonation waves as they spread through the soil.
16. Apparatus according to Claim 15, characterised in that the upper part of the intermediate space between the inner and outer casing walls is filled with a material, for example concrete or stones, as a protection against shrapnel.
17. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the cover (17) has a support (33) and/or fixing means (34) for protective material which is to be applied additionally to it, for example a retaining ring (33) for earth (32), stones and the like and/or fixing means (34) for steel plates (31) or a net which is to be filled with stones.
EP83108903A 1982-09-27 1983-09-09 Protective shelter for observation or defence, in particular for infantry or sentry tasks Expired EP0104519B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83108903T ATE23924T1 (en) 1982-09-27 1983-09-09 PROTECTIVE DEVICE FOR OBSERVATION AND DEFENSE, ESPECIALLY FOR THE INFANTRY AND FOR GUARDING DUTIES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5676/82 1982-09-27
CH567682 1982-09-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0104519A1 EP0104519A1 (en) 1984-04-04
EP0104519B1 true EP0104519B1 (en) 1986-11-26

Family

ID=4297531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108903A Expired EP0104519B1 (en) 1982-09-27 1983-09-09 Protective shelter for observation or defence, in particular for infantry or sentry tasks

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0104519B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE23924T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3367977D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8708487U1 (en) * 1987-06-16 1987-08-27 Janitzky, Manfred, 4053 Jüchen Protective hatch for vertical exit from a shelter system

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE634529C (en) * 1933-12-14 1936-08-29 Erich Heinicke Air raid shelter in the ground
GB577933A (en) * 1940-07-12 1946-06-06 Francis Norman Pickett An improved means for the protection of aerodromes, aircraft landing fields and other situations
US2317392A (en) * 1940-09-27 1943-04-27 Royal B Lord Portable emplacement for machine guns
FR905834A (en) * 1943-07-15 1945-12-14 Shelter trench
DE1459129A1 (en) * 1960-12-07 1969-03-27 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Closure for essentially vertically arranged air shafts or emergency exits from protective rooms
DE2044381C3 (en) * 1970-09-08 1981-10-29 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Device for axially and rotationally moving and holding a manhole cover for hatches for armored vehicles
FR2308898A1 (en) * 1973-03-30 1976-11-19 France Etat IMPROVEMENTS IN MILITARY EQUIPMENT AT OBSERVATION POST EQUIPPED WITH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL AIMS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3367977D1 (en) 1987-01-15
EP0104519A1 (en) 1984-04-04
ATE23924T1 (en) 1986-12-15

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