EP0102846A1 - Antenne hyperfréquence à deux réflecteurs - Google Patents
Antenne hyperfréquence à deux réflecteurs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0102846A1 EP0102846A1 EP83305153A EP83305153A EP0102846A1 EP 0102846 A1 EP0102846 A1 EP 0102846A1 EP 83305153 A EP83305153 A EP 83305153A EP 83305153 A EP83305153 A EP 83305153A EP 0102846 A1 EP0102846 A1 EP 0102846A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- subreflector
- main reflector
- feed horn
- microwave antenna
- reflecting surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005574 cross-species transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
- H01Q19/193—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with feed supported subreflector
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to microwave antennas and, more particularly, to dual-reflector microwave antennas.
- a related object of this invention is to provide such an improved antenna which minimizes blockage of the antenna aperture; facilitates alignment of the antenna; and virtually eliminates the necessity of exposing service and maintenance personnel to any safety hazards due to direct exposure to the electromagnetic energy of signals being transmitted and/or received by the antenna.
- a further object of this invention is to provide such an improved dual-reflector microwave antenna which provides good performance characteristics which can be tailored to different desired combinations of VSWR, directive gain, and RPE (radiation pattern envelope).
- a related object is to provide such an antenna which also has a relatively high efficiency.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide such an improved dual-reflector microwave antenna which is capable of satisfying the latest RPE specifications set by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission for earth station antennas.
- a microwave antenna which comprises the combination of a paraboloidal main reflector; a subreflector located between the main reflector and the focal point of the main reflector and forming a reflecting surface which is shaped symmetrically about the center thereof, the central portion of the reflecting surface sloping axially away from the main reflector at a rate which reduces as the radius of the subreflector increases, the radially outer portion of the subreflector sloping axially toward the main reflector at a rate which increases as the radius of the subreflector increases; and a feed horn for transmitting microwave signals to, anc'rreceiving microwave signals from the the subreflector, the reflecting surface of the subreflector being positioned and dimensioned to intercept substantially all the energy launched through the feed horn or reflected by the main reflector.
- the feed horn is preferably a smooth-walled waveguide having an aperture diameter substantially equal to one wavelength of the midband signals propagated therethrough.
- a dual-reflector antenna comprising a paraboloidal main reflector dish 10, a primary feed horn 11 connected to and supported by a circular waveguide 12 extending along the axis of the dish 10, and a subreflector 13.
- the feed horn 11 receives microwave signals via the circular waveguide 12 and launches those signals onto the subreflector 13; the subreflector reflects the signals onto the main reflector dish 10, which in turn reflects the signals in a generally planar wave across the face of the paraboloid.
- the paraboloidal main reflector 10 is illuminated by an incoming planar wave and reflects this energy in a spherical wave to illuminate the subreflector 13; the subreflector reflects the incoming energy into the feed horn 11 for transmission to the receiving equipment via the circular waveguide 12.
- the subreflector 13 is located between the main reflector dish lO and the focal point F of the paraboloidal surface of the main reflector.
- the subreflector is mounted on the large end of a dielectric (e.g., fiberglass) cone 14 fastened at its smaller end to a hub 15 fitted within a standard mounting ring 16 for the main reflector dish 10.
- the fiberglass cone 14 is relatively thin and introduces only a negligible amount of VSWR and pattern degradation into the antenna system.
- the subreflector can be supported by a tripod or a quadpod arrangement (each pod running from about the main reflector edge to the rear of the subreflector).
- the subreflector 13 is positioned and dimensioned to intercept substantially all the energy launched through the'feed horn 11 in the transmitting mode, and substantially all the incoming energy reflected by the main reflector 10 in the receiving mode, while at the same time minimizing blockage of the aperture of the main reflector 10.
- the ratio of subreflector to main reflector diameter for example, is about 0.05.
- the subreflector preferably intercepts at least 98% of the energy from the feed horn and, to achieve this result, the subreflector has a diameter of about nine wavelengths at the midband frequency and is positioned very close to the feed horn.
- the feed horn 11 is preferably a smooth-walled circular waveguide having an inside diameter equal to approximately one wavelength of the midband signals propagated therethrough. Such a feed horn launches signals onto the subreflector with substantially equal E and H plane patterns, and is extremely economical to manufacture.
- the axial length of the horn 11 is not critical since it is simply a continuation of the circular waveguide 12.
- the horn 11 and the waveguide 12 have the same inside diameter and are connected by a pair of coupling flanges 17 and 18 fastened together by a plurality of screws 19.
- a quarter-wave choke 20 comprising a short conductive cylinder 21, concentric with the horn 11, and a shorting ring 22.
- the inner surface of the cylinder 21 is spaced away from the outer surface of the horn 11 along a length of the horn about equal to a quarter wavelength from the end of the horn, and then the cylinder 21 is shorted to the horn 11 by the ring 22 to form a quarter-wave coaxial choke which suppresses current flow in the outer surface of the horn;,.
- a flared feed horn maybe used in place of the straight horn in the illustrative embodiment, or a tapered waveguide section can be used between a straight horn of one diameter and a straight supporting waveguide of a different diameter.
- the subreflector 13 forms a reflecting surface 30 which is shaped symmetrically about the center thereof, the central portion of the reflecting surface 3o sloping axially away from the main reflector 10 at a rate which reduces as the radius of the subreflector increases, and the radially outer portion of the reflecting surface 30 sloping axially toward the main reflector 10 at a rate which increases as the radius of the subreflector increases.
- the subreflector surface 30 slopes away from the main reflector 10 between the center of the subreflector and a radius rl, and then slopes back toward the main reflector 10 from the radius rl out to the outer periphery of the subreflector. More specifically, from the center of the subreflector out to the radius rl, the subreflector surface slopes away from the main reflector at a rate which decreases as the radius increases; then from the radius rl out to the periphery of the subreflector, the reflecting surface slopes toward the main reflector at a rate which increases as the radius increases.
- the end result is a subreflector surface with a concave radial cross-section.
- the center of the subreflector is preferably located closer to the plane a of the aperture of the main reflector 10 than is the outer periphery of the subreflector. That is, there is an axial offset x between the center and the outer periphery of the subreflector 13.
- the combination of this axial offset and the concave radial-eross-sectiqnal configuration of the subreflector results in substantially equal ray paths between the feed horn 11 and the main reflector 10 (via the subreflector 13) across the unblocked portion of the aperture of the main reflector, and minimal energy loss in the blocked portionsof the apertures of both the main reflector and the subreflector.
- the subreflector 13 reflects most of the energy from the feed horn 11 in a spherical wavefront within the annular sector s between the small central blockage caused by the feed horn 11 (or the subreflector 13, whichever is larger) and the periphery of the main reflector 10; and, similarly, the main reflector 10 reflects most of the energy from the subreflector in a planar wavefront within the annular region m between the outer edges of the subreflector 13 and the main reflector 10, i.e., outside the blockage of the subreflector 13.
- the blockages produced by the feed horn 11 and the subreflector 13 are small to start with (typically less than 5% of the total area of the main reflector aperture at frequencies of 12 to 14 GHz), and the configuration of the subreflector reduces the effect of those blockages even further.
- the antenna described is not only relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture, but it also provides excellent performance characteristics.
- This antenna can be tailored to provide different RPE's, gains, and VSWR's for different applications. Any one of these performance characteristics can be optimised, with only a relatively small downgrading of the other characteristics. In general, the trade-off in performance is between gain and VSWR or RPE.
- Figs. 5 through 8 are far field patterns produced by an antenna like that illustrated in Figs. 1-4 but with a 3-inch tapered waveguide section inserted between a 3-inch horn 11 of WC940 waveguide and a 4.5 foot length of WC680 waveguide.
- the mouth of the feed horn was positioned one inch from the center of the subreflector, and the center of the front of the subreflector was positioned 0.79 inch in front of the focal point of the main reflector.
- This antenna had a main reflector with a 15 foot diameter and a subreflector with an 8.86-inch diameter supported on struts rather than a dielectric cone.
- Figs. 5 and 6 are E and H plane patterns taken at 12.25 GHz, and Figs.
- FIG. 7 and 8 are E and H plane patterns taken at 14.5 GHz.
- the expanded scale is for the expanded pattern
- the compressed scale is for the compressed pattern.
- the antenna tested satisfied all these criteria at both 12.25 and 14.5 GHz, and also exhibited a narrow main beam.
- the first side lobes were relatively high, which is characteristic of many dual-reflector antennas; if desired, the first side lobes can be reduced by using a slightly different subreflector shape, although this will reduce the gain of the antenna.
- the directive gains of the antenna (including RMS surface degradations of both the main reflector and the subreflector) that produced the patterns of Figs. 5-8 were as follows:
- phase pattern remained relatively constant across the unblocked portion of the aperture, as can be seen in Fig. 10.
- Scaled versions of the above antennas can be made to operate at other frequencies with comparable results. Also, shrouds may be added to such antennas to reduce the main relfector spillover and improve the RPE in this region.
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- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US41532382A | 1982-09-07 | 1982-09-07 | |
| US415323 | 1982-09-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0102846A1 true EP0102846A1 (fr) | 1984-03-14 |
Family
ID=23645242
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83305153A Withdrawn EP0102846A1 (fr) | 1982-09-07 | 1983-09-06 | Antenne hyperfréquence à deux réflecteurs |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0102846A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS59131203A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU1877183A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR8304855A (fr) |
Cited By (149)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3533204A1 (de) * | 1985-09-18 | 1987-03-19 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Antenne mit einem hauptreflektor und einem hilfsreflektor |
| US5130718A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-07-14 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Multiple dichroic surface cassegrain reflector |
| CN1074177C (zh) * | 1997-04-22 | 2001-10-31 | 詹秀英 | 卫星天线盘体唇缘 |
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| CN113131210A (zh) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-16 | 西北核技术研究所 | 一种高功率微波用正馈卡塞格伦天线 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1877183A (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| BR8304855A (pt) | 1984-04-24 |
| JPS59131203A (ja) | 1984-07-28 |
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