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EP0094311A1 - Apparatus for drying spread materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for drying spread materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094311A1
EP0094311A1 EP83400921A EP83400921A EP0094311A1 EP 0094311 A1 EP0094311 A1 EP 0094311A1 EP 83400921 A EP83400921 A EP 83400921A EP 83400921 A EP83400921 A EP 83400921A EP 0094311 A1 EP0094311 A1 EP 0094311A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
area
drying
bed
downstream
upstream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83400921A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0094311B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Lucas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour Lenvironnement et lAgriculture IRSTEA
Original Assignee
Centre National du Machinisme Agricole du Genie Rural des Eaux et des Forets CEMAGREF
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National du Machinisme Agricole du Genie Rural des Eaux et des Forets CEMAGREF filed Critical Centre National du Machinisme Agricole du Genie Rural des Eaux et des Forets CEMAGREF
Priority to AT83400921T priority Critical patent/ATE19300T1/en
Publication of EP0094311A1 publication Critical patent/EP0094311A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0094311B1 publication Critical patent/EP0094311B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B19/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects not covered by groups F26B9/00 - F26B17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the drying of spreadable materials in a bed, in particular fodder, with a large flow of air. Its purpose is more particularly to reduce the cost of heating equipment compatible with energy-saving devices such as heat pump systems with recycling of at least most of the drying air or with heating of the atmospheric air, the gas being, in the first case, heated by passage over the hot heat exchanger supplied with calories either by direct recompression of the vapors extracted by drying, or by a heat pump, or by any other source of calories especially at low temperature. In these installations the heating of the gases is low and is often only a few degrees.
  • the conventional installation consists of superimposing perforated conveyor belts circulating in opposite directions, the material to be dried being brought to the upstream end of the highest conveyor belt and discharged at the downstream end thereof on the upstream end of the lower belt and thus from carpet to carpet, the gas flow flowing from bottom to top through the conveyor belt and the bed of material which it carries.
  • the degree of dryness of the material increases as it descends through the floors. The material is in movement during the entire drying process, the transport equipment is complex and expensive and this movement does not improve the efficiency of the exchange of moisture between the material and the drying gas.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method for drying spreadable materials in gas-permeable beds, according to the counter-current method, which greatly reduces the investments necessary for the implementation of the previously known methods in which circulates, continuously or step by step, during the drying time, the material to be dried according to a zig-zag course parallel to the largest dimension of the surface of the bed and perpendicular to the direction of flow of the gas flow of drying.
  • the new characteristic resides in the fact that the material is, after the drying phase, taken up in a section of the upstream bed, transported and spread in a homologous section of the downstream bed.
  • homologous section is meant a section which is, with respect to the first, determined by a vectorically defined displacement combining a vector perpendicular to the beds equal to the distance between two parallel beds and a vector parallel to the direction of the beds fixed arbitrarily .
  • the material to be dried constituting a section of the bed along a transverse plane containing the direction of flow of the gas flow, traversed the entire dimension of the bed perpendicular to this section, that is to say swept the surface of the reads while, in accordance with the method of the invention, said section is transferred directly to the corresponding homologous section of the bed located downstream in the direction of circulation of the material to be dried.
  • the method according to the invention reduces the number of manipulations of the material and simplifies the installation since the drying areas are fixed perforated areas.
  • the material deposited in a section of the bed in the upstream area is, after a fraction of the total drying time depending on the number of beds in series, taken up and deposited by being spread in the homologous section of the area downstream, the material of which was itself previously taken up to be, as the case may be, evacuated or transferred to the homologous section of the area further downstream.
  • the homologous section may be the closest section located substantially immediately next to the section considered, the distance of movement parallel to the direction of the beds becoming practically zero but, if one wishes to use means of transport in zig-zag according to the previous diagram, these transporting however only the fraction of the bed in the course of transport from a section of an area to the homologous section of the bed downstream, the distance of movement parallel to the direction of the beds can be substantially equal to the length of a bed.
  • the installation for implementing the method comprises a plurality of perforated drying areas arranged parallel to each other and in series along the path of circulation of the drying gas so that they successively pass through the gas flow, with means' for bringing the material subject to drying on the upstream area 'which is furthest downstream in the gas flow, and means.
  • the means for bringing the material subjected to drying to the upstream area most downstream in the flow of gases move above said area in the direction of parallelism of the areas and deposit the material to be dried in the successive sections of said drying area, and in that the means for the transfer of area have removed the material in a section of the upstream area, transport and spread it in a section of the downstream area including. material has been removed to be transferred to the area further downstream or to be evacuated.
  • the transfer of the material from the upstream area to the downstream area can be achieved by a first movable chassis along the length of the upstream area and carrying a pickup device picking up across the width of the upstream area in front of the chassis and a spreading device spreading the material to be dried over the width of the upstream area behind the chassis and a second movable chassis along the length of the downstream area and carrying a pickup device picking up across the width of the area downstream in front of the second chassis and a spreading device spreading the material collected by the collecting device of the upstream area over the width of the downstream area behind the second chassis and means for transporting the material collected by the device of collecting the first chassis to the spreading device of the second chassis.
  • the two chassis can be joined in the form of a carriage spanning the two areas and carrying the means of transport arranged transversely. It is also possible to provide two independent trolleys moving in opposite directions above the areas in occupying homologous positions, the means of transport being constituted by conveyors parallel to the areas with a means of transfer from the upstream area to the downstream area located at the end of the upstream area.
  • the material can be brought to the spreading device of the upstream area and evacuated from the collecting device of the downstream area by skips carried by the movable frame of the upstream area and the movable frame of the downstream area respectively. It is also possible to provide conveyors arranged parallel to the drying areas.
  • the duration of transport of a load representing only a very small part of the total duration drying, handling and transport of the material to be dried is ensured by a single carriage moving on rails above the various drying areas, this carriage comprising a loading platform, recovery means capable of resuming the fodder on a surface to load it on this platform and means for spreading the load of fodder located on this platform.
  • the two drying areas constituted by a perforated sheet or a mesh AV and AM are arranged side by side and only the parts of these areas where the transfer of the material to be dried is in progress have been schematized .
  • the AM area is the upstream area on which the fresh material is and the AV area is the downstream area on which drying ends.
  • the gas flow G in practice air which, for example, is heated by passing over the hot exchanger of a heat pump, is brought under the AV area and ascends upwards the bed of material already rid of part of its humidity carried by this area then it crosses downwards, as shown by the arrows G, the bed of more humid material carried by the upstream area AM to be taken up below this area.
  • RAM designates the tank for supplying the material to be dried and REV designates the tank for evaluating the dry material, an example of which will be described in more detail below but which could also be continuous conveyors such as conveyor belts transporting the material in the direction of arrow F.
  • These tanks as well as the means of distribution and recovery on the areas and of transfer from area to area which will be described schematically below circulate in the direction of the arrows F.
  • the material to be dried brought into the RAM tank is distributed over the section a 1 to constitute the bed A 1 behind the device.
  • the bed of material A 2 already half dried and which is on the upstream area AM in front of the device is taken up in section a 2 located in front of a 1 to be transferred to section a 3 of the area of AV drying to constitute the bed of material A 3 behind the device and the bed of material A 4 at the final dryness which is on the downstream area AV in front of the device is taken up to be loaded into the drain tank REV .
  • the RAM supply tank is loaded with material to be dried at the upstream end of the drying areas and the dry material is removed from the REV tank downstream from the drying areas.
  • the details of the device may vary depending on the nature of the material to be dried and a device suitable for drying the fodder will be described more particularly below.
  • the AM-AV drying areas each consist of a perforated sheet 1 carried by longitudinal beams 2 forming circulation rails for the carriage and extended downwards by aprons to form supply and return air tunnels for drying.
  • the sheets 1 are reinforced by crosspieces 3.
  • the carriage frame and the rollers on the rails 1 and the drive means are not shown to simplify the drawings.
  • the frame carries, by bearings 4-5, two parallel axes 6 and 7.
  • the two axes are driven in the same direction shown by arrows in the figures.
  • the front axis 6 carries a hedgehog whose teeth 8 come to tangent the surface of the perforated sheet 1 so as to pick up the forage lying in bed on the area and to project it, with the help of a guide plate 9 and deflecting teeth 10, on a conveyor belt 11 arranged transversely to the carriage and the upper strand of which flows from the area AM towards the area AV as represented by the arrow Wire
  • a sheet 12 across the width of the AM area prevents the material from being projected beyond the conveyor.
  • the rear axis 7 carries a hedgehog equalizer of bed whose teeth 13 are spaced from the sheet 1 of the thickness of the bed.
  • a chute 14 Behind the sheet 12 and in front of the hedgehog 13 opens a chute 14 whose rear edge is extended by deflecting teeth 15 interposed between the teeth of the hedgehog 13.
  • the chute 14 is located at the base of an enclosure 16 forming a reserve of spreadable fodder for a start of drying on the upstream area AM.
  • a conveyor belt 17 At the bottom of the enclosure and over its entire width is mounted a conveyor belt 17 provided with teeth 17a which paint the base of the load and bring the material to the opening of the chute 14, the material being deflected towards the chute by deflecting teeth 18.
  • the axis 6 carries the return cylinder 19 of a lifting belt 20 provided with projecting teeth 21.
  • a deflecting plate 22 cooperates with the lifting belt 20 to prevent the dried material being found on the area A V and taken up by the teeth 21 of the lifting belt, falls back on the said area.
  • the material is projected by centrifugal force when the belt passes over the upper return cylinder 24 and it falls into an enclosure 25 intended to collect the dry material.
  • 26 teeth lie between the teeth 21 of the lifting belt release the material which could stuff between said teeth.
  • At the top of the tank 25 is mounted an endless belt 27 which can be driven in the direction of the arrow or lowered by jacks 28. The purpose of this conveyor belt is to spread the pile of material over the entire surface of the tank 25 and compact the material to reduce its volume.
  • the shaft 7 carries a hedgehog whose teeth 30 pass over the upper surface of the sheet 1 at a distance equal to the thickness of the bed. Deflecting teeth 31 prevent the material from stuffing around the hedgehog 30.
  • the enclosure 25 is empty and the enclosure 16 is loaded with material, for example fodder to be dried.
  • material for example fodder to be dried.
  • the fodder beds which were on the areas are picked up by the lifting belt 20-21 for the dry fodder located on the downstream area AV and by the hedgehog 8 for the semi-dried fodder found on the upstream area AM .
  • the dry fodder raised by the 20-21 lifting belt is in the enclosure 25.
  • the semi-dry fodder picked up by the hedgehog 8 is projected onto the conveyor belt 11 which brings it above the downstream area AV on which it is spread by the sheet metal 29 and the hedgehog 30, this area having been freed from the dry forage treated during the previous half-period by the lifting belt 20-21.
  • the fodder to be dried being in the enclosure 16 is spread by the chute 14 and the hedgehog 13 on the upstream drying area AM which has been freed from the half-dried fodder during the preceding half-drying period by the hedgehog 8.
  • the homologous sections are symmetrical with respect to a point P located between the areas equidistant from their ends. Namely, the fodder to be dried being supplied with M and the dry fodder discharged at S, the fodder supplied with M is deposited in a section a ' 1 which has been released during the previous cycle and the semi-dried fodder is collected in the section a ' 2 close to a' 1 to be spread in the section a ' 3 released during the previous cycle, the dry fodder in the section a' 4 next being collected to be evacuated in S.
  • the above embodiment of the method can be implemented with a single conveyor, pick-up and spreader device, for example of the type described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, which moves on rails forming a circuit above the drying areas and M loading and unloading devices S.
  • the direction of forward movement is the direction of arrow C, Figure 5.
  • the carriage has bogies 41 with rollers 42 some of which are motors which carry the frame 43. Under this frame hangs a transport platform 44 at one end of which is mounted the drum 45 of a pick-up 46 whose teeth pass between bars 47.
  • the platform 44 is suspended from the frame, at the end corresponding to the pick-up, by fixed points 48 created by bars 49, points fixed around which are articulated levers 50 of which one of the arms rotatably carries the axis 51 of the pick-up while the other arm is actuated by a jack 52 acting between its end 53 and the frame 43. At its other end, the platform 44 is suspended from the end 54 of a jack 55 articulated at 56 on the frame 43. The platform 44 can thus be raised, lowered and tilted longitudinally.
  • a spreading hedgehog 57 is suspended by an oscillating bar 58 from the frame 43, the position of the hedgehog relative to the neighboring edge of the platform being adjustable by means of a jack 59.
  • the spreading and the equalization of the batch are ensured by a spreader designated as a whole by the reference 60 in FIG. 7.
  • This spreader comprises a frame 61 secured to the arm 58 which carries four axes 62 on which pinions 63 are mounted, of which at least one is driven from the hedgehog axis 57; these sprockets guide two endless chains 64.
  • On said endless chains are mounted regularly spaced axes 65 which carry flaps 66 directed towards the rear and capable of coming into abutment on the rear axis 65.
  • the assembly is surrounded by a casing 67 which surrounds the two vertical strands and the upper strand of the chain, this casing being closed on its vertical face opposite to the hedgehog 57.
  • the endless chains of the spreader device rotate in the direction of the arrow H so that the axis of articulation of the flaps 66 is located in front.
  • the hedgehog 57 projects the fodder which is brought against it by sliding on the platform 44 suitably inclined by extension of the jack 52 and adjustment of the jack 59, above the lower strand of the chains without end 64 in the housing 67. If there is no bed formed on the perforated plate 68 on which the bed L is formed or if the thickness of the bed is weak as illustrated in the left-hand part of FIG. 7, the flaps 66 hang freely and the projected fodder passes freely between them. When, on the other hand, the fodder bed rises, the flaps 66 gradually rise and brake then stop the passage of the fodder which is retained in bed F above the flaps. Detectors of any known type detect the raising position of all the flaps 66, which corresponds to a bed L formed over the entire width of the drying area 68, and control the advancement of the device.
  • the device of FIG. 6 raised by lengthening the jack 52 and shortening the jack 55 so that it can circulate freely above the beds, is brought to station M where it receives, on the platform 44, a load of fodder corresponding to the quantity spread over an area a '.
  • the device is then brought above the area a ' 1 , the pick-up 46 being, in the site plan adopted, in front of the device and the spreader device in the rear.
  • the carriage In line with the downstream end of the area a ' 1 , the carriage is stopped, the spreading device is placed in a position of cooperation with the end of the platform 44 and the fodder is sent by the hedgehog 57 into the spreader 60.
  • the carriage moves rearwards with respect to arrow C (Fig. 5) to spread its load over the entire area a ' l .
  • the pick-up 47 is then brought to the right of the edge of the area a 'on which the partially dried fodder is located.
  • the end of the platform 44 carrying the pick-up is lowered, this lowering being limited by stop rollers 69.
  • the pick-up is then started and the device advances to scan the area at ' 2 and load the forage on this area onto platform 44.
  • the load can be equalized by tilting, using the jacks, the loading platform.
  • the loaded forage is then spread on section a ' 3 as described above for section a' 1 and the completely dry forage in section a ' 4 is loaded on platform 44 and unloaded in S to be evacuated.
  • the device described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 can also be used in the case of a number of drying areas greater than two whether these drying areas are placed side by side or superimposed.
  • a device as described can be provided to serve each of the areas, the transfer of the fodder from the device from an area to that of the area immediately below taking place by gravity by tilting the platform 44.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne le séchage de matières étalables en lit par circulation à contre-courant de la matière à sécher et du gaz de séchage et traversée du lit de la matière répartie sous forme de lits disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et traversés en série par le flux de gaz assurant le séchage, la matière étant transférée successivement d'un lit amont au lit aval suivant à contre-courant du flux gazeux. Conformément au procédé de l'invention et avec l'installation pour sa mise en oeuvre la matière est maintenue dans une même section de lit pendant la phase de séchage sur ce lit et passe du lit amont AM au lit aval AV en étant transférée, d'une section a2 du lit amont à la section homologue a3 du lit aval. L'invention est applicable au séchage des fourrages.The present invention relates to the drying of spreadable materials in a bed by counter-current circulation of the material to be dried and of the drying gas and crossing the bed of the material distributed in the form of beds arranged parallel to each other and crossed in series by the gas flow ensuring drying, the material being successively transferred from an upstream bed to the next downstream bed against the flow of the gas flow. In accordance with the process of the invention and with the installation for its implementation, the material is maintained in the same bed section during the drying phase on this bed and passes from the upstream bed AM to the downstream bed AV while being transferred, d a section a2 of the upstream bed to the homologous section a3 of the downstream bed. The invention is applicable to the drying of forages.

Description

La présente invention concerne le séchage de matières étalables en lit, notamment de fourrages, avec un flux d'air de débit important. Elle a plus spécialement pour objet de réduire le coût des équipements de chauffage compatibles avec des dispositifs économisant l'énergie tels que des systèmes de pompe de chaleur avec recyclage d'au moins la majeure partie de l'air de séchage ou avec réchauffement de l'air atmosphérique, le gaz étant, dans le premier cas, réchauffé par passage sur l'échangeur chaud alimenté en calories soit par recompression directe des vapeurs extraites par le séchage, soit par une pompe de chaleur, soit par toute autre source de calories spécialement à basse température. Dans ces installations le réchauffement des gaz est faible et est souvent de seulement quelques degrés.The present invention relates to the drying of spreadable materials in a bed, in particular fodder, with a large flow of air. Its purpose is more particularly to reduce the cost of heating equipment compatible with energy-saving devices such as heat pump systems with recycling of at least most of the drying air or with heating of the atmospheric air, the gas being, in the first case, heated by passage over the hot heat exchanger supplied with calories either by direct recompression of the vapors extracted by drying, or by a heat pump, or by any other source of calories especially at low temperature. In these installations the heating of the gases is low and is often only a few degrees.

On sait améliorer le rendement thermique d'un échangeur quelconque par le procédé dit à contre-courant. Une circulation à contre-courant des produits à sécher et des gaz de séchage réchauffés par passage sur un échangeur chaud a déjà été proposée par exemple pour des produits tels que des carreaux de plâtre dans le brevet français N° 2.304.045. Il s'agit toutefois dans ce cas de produits massifs. Dans le cas de produits étalables en lits tels que des produits fibreux ou granulaires ou des produits végétaux tels que les fourrages, il est bien connu que l'on obtient un séchage plus rapide si le flux d'air ou de gaz traverse la masse du produit, surtout si le produit est réparti en lits.It is known to improve the thermal efficiency of any exchanger by the so-called counter-current process. Countercurrent circulation of the products to be dried and the drying gases heated by passage over a hot exchanger has already been proposed for example for products such as plaster tiles in French patent No. 2,304,045. However, these are massive products. In the case of bed spreadable products such as fibrous or granular products or plant products such as fodder, it is well known that faster drying is obtained if the air or gas flow crosses the mass of the product, especially if the product is divided into beds.

Pour associer les deux principes de séchage, à savoir le séchage par circulation à contre-courant et le séchage par traversée du lit de matière, on ne connait à ce jour que le principe de la circulation du matériau disposé en lits sur des surfaces poreuses montées en série sur le trajet du flux du gaz de séchage. L'installation classique consiste à superposer des tapis transporteurs perforés circulant en sens inverses, la matière à sécher étant amenée à l'extrémité amont du tapis transporteur le plus élevé et déversée à l'extrémité aval de celui-ci sur l'extrémité amont du tapis inférieur et ainsi de tapis à tapis, le flux gazeux circulant de bas en haut en traversant le tapis transporteur et le lit de matière qu'il porte. Le degré de siccité de la matière croit au fur et à mesure qu'elle descend dans les étages. La matière est en déplacement pendant toute la durée du processus de séchage, le matériel de transport est complexe et coûteux et ce déplacement n'améliore pas l'efficacité de l'échange d'humidité entre la matière et le gaz de séchage.To combine the two drying principles, namely drying by counter-current circulation and drying by crossing the bed of material, we only know to date that the principle of the circulation of the material arranged in beds on porous surfaces mounted in series on the path of the drying gas flow. The conventional installation consists of superimposing perforated conveyor belts circulating in opposite directions, the material to be dried being brought to the upstream end of the highest conveyor belt and discharged at the downstream end thereof on the upstream end of the lower belt and thus from carpet to carpet, the gas flow flowing from bottom to top through the conveyor belt and the bed of material which it carries. The degree of dryness of the material increases as it descends through the floors. The material is in movement during the entire drying process, the transport equipment is complex and expensive and this movement does not improve the efficiency of the exchange of moisture between the material and the drying gas.

On a également proposé de déplacer la matière à sécher disposée en lit sur une aire perforée en utilisant un dispositif faneur qui se déplace au-dessus de l'aire de séchage, dispositif faneur qui peut être réalisé suivant le principe des rateaux faneurs ou constitué par un hérisson tournant en sens inverse de sa direction d'avancement. Dans ce type de séchoir le fourrage est, à chaque passage du dispositif faneur, déplacé selon la direction inverse de la progression de ce dispositif et retourné. Le dispositif qui pourrait être adapté à une pluralité d'aires de séchage superposées pour réaliser un séchage à contre-courant est toutefois compliqué et aboutit à un retournement mécanique répété du fourrage, manipulation qui est consommatrice d'énergie et susceptible de provoquer une désagrégation de la matière.It has also been proposed to move the material to be dried arranged in a bed over a perforated area using a tedder device which moves above the drying area, tedder device which can be produced according to the tedder rake principle or constituted by a hedgehog turning in the opposite direction from its direction of advance. In this type of dryer the fodder is, with each passage of the tedder device, moved in the opposite direction of the progression of this device and returned. The device which could be adapted to a plurality of superimposed drying areas to carry out drying against the current is however complicated and results in repeated mechanical reversal of the fodder, handling which consumes energy and which may cause the material to disintegrate.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé de séchage de matériaux étalables en lits perméables aux gaz, selon la méthode à contre-courant, qui réduit dans une forte mesure les investissements nécessaires pour la mise en oeuvre des procédés antérieurement connus dans lesquels on fait circuler, en continu ou pas à pas, pendant la durée du séchage, le matériau à sécher selon un parcours en zig-zag parallèlement à la plus grande dimension de la surface du lit et perpendiculairement à la direction d'écoulement du flux gazeux de séchage.The object of the present invention is to propose a method for drying spreadable materials in gas-permeable beds, according to the counter-current method, which greatly reduces the investments necessary for the implementation of the previously known methods in which circulates, continuously or step by step, during the drying time, the material to be dried according to a zig-zag course parallel to the largest dimension of the surface of the bed and perpendicular to the direction of flow of the gas flow of drying.

Conformément à l'invention, dans un procédé de séchage dans lequel la matière est répartie sous forme de lits disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et traversés en série par le flux de gaz assurant le séchage, la matière étant maintenue dans une même section de lit pendant la phase de séchage sur ce lit et transférée successivement d'un lit amont au lit aval suivant à contre-courant du flux gazeux, la caractéristique nouvelle réside dans le fait que la matière est après la phase de séchage,reprise dans une section du lit amont, transportée et étalée dans une section homologue du lit aval.According to the invention, in a drying process in which the material is distributed in the form of beds arranged parallel to each other and traversed in series by the gas flow ensuring drying, the material being maintained in the same bed section during the drying phase on this bed and transferred successively from an upstream bed to the next downstream bed against the flow of the gas flow, the new characteristic resides in the fact that the material is, after the drying phase, taken up in a section of the upstream bed, transported and spread in a homologous section of the downstream bed.

Par section homologue, on entend une section qui est, par rapport à la première, déterminée par un déplacement vecto- riellement défini combinant un vecteur perpendiculaire aux lits égal à la distance entre deux lits parallèles et un vecteur parallèle à la direction des lits fixé arbitrairement.By homologous section is meant a section which is, with respect to the first, determined by a vectorically defined displacement combining a vector perpendicular to the beds equal to the distance between two parallel beds and a vector parallel to the direction of the beds fixed arbitrarily .

Dans les procédés antérieurs, la matière à sécher constituant une section du lit selon un plan transversal contenant la direction d'écoulement du flux gazeux, parcourait toute la dimension du lit perpendiculaire à cette section, c'est-à-dire balayait la surface du lit alors que, conformément au procédé de l'invention, ladite section est transférée directement à la section homologue correspondante du lit situé en aval selon la direction de circulation de la matière à sécher. Le procédé conforme à l'invention réduit le nombre des manipulations de la matière et simplifie l'installation puisque les aires de séchage sont des aires perforées fixes.In the previous processes, the material to be dried constituting a section of the bed along a transverse plane containing the direction of flow of the gas flow, traversed the entire dimension of the bed perpendicular to this section, that is to say swept the surface of the reads while, in accordance with the method of the invention, said section is transferred directly to the corresponding homologous section of the bed located downstream in the direction of circulation of the material to be dried. The method according to the invention reduces the number of manipulations of the material and simplifies the installation since the drying areas are fixed perforated areas.

S'il s'agit d'aires de séchage de grande longueur disposées parallèlement côte à côte dans un même plan et portant des lits de matière à sécher traversés alternativement d'un lit au lit voisin par un flux ascendant et par un flux descendant de gaz de séchage, la matière déposée dans une section du lit de l'aire amont est, après une fraction de la durée totale du séchage fonction du nombre de lits en série, reprise et déposée en étant étalée dans la section homologue de l'aire aval dont la matière a été elle-même au préalable reprise pour être, selon le cas, évacuée ou transférée dans la section homologue de l'aire plus en aval.In the case of very long drying areas arranged parallel side by side in the same plane and carrying beds of material to be dried crossed alternately from a bed to the neighboring bed by an upward flow and by a downward flow of drying gas, the material deposited in a section of the bed in the upstream area is, after a fraction of the total drying time depending on the number of beds in series, taken up and deposited by being spread in the homologous section of the area downstream, the material of which was itself previously taken up to be, as the case may be, evacuated or transferred to the homologous section of the area further downstream.

Pour réduire les transports de la matière parallèlement à la direction de la plus grande longueur des lits, la section homologue peut être la section la plus voisine située sensiblement immédiatement à côté de la section considérée,la distance de déplacement parallèlement à la direction des lits devenant pratiquement nulle mais, si on désire utiliser des moyens de transport en zig-zag selon le schéma antérieur, ceux-ci ne transportant toutefois que la fraction du lit en cours de transport d'une section d'une aire à la section homologue du lit aval, la distance de déplacement parallèlement à la direction des lits peut être sensiblement égale à la longueur d'un lit.To reduce the transport of material parallel to the direction of the greatest length of the beds, the homologous section may be the closest section located substantially immediately next to the section considered, the distance of movement parallel to the direction of the beds becoming practically zero but, if one wishes to use means of transport in zig-zag according to the previous diagram, these transporting however only the fraction of the bed in the course of transport from a section of an area to the homologous section of the bed downstream, the distance of movement parallel to the direction of the beds can be substantially equal to the length of a bed.

L'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé comporte une pluralité d'aires de séchage perforées disposées parallèle ment les unes aux autres et en série selon le trajet de circulation du gaz de séchage de manière à ce qu'elles soient traversées successivement par le flux de gaz, avec des moyens 'pour amener la matière soumise au séchage sur l'aire amont 'qui se trouve la plus en aval dans le flux de gaz, et des moyens.pour la transférer d'aire en aire, jusqu'à l'aire la plus en aval qui se trouve la plus en amont dans le flux de gaz d'où des moyens l'évacuent à l'état sec et elle est caractérisée en ce que les moyens pour amener la matière soumise au séchage sur l'aire amont la plus en aval dans le flux de gaz se déplacent au-dessus-de ladite aire selon la direction du parallélisme des aires et déposent la matière à sécher dans les sections successives de ladite aire de séchage, et en ce que les moyens pour le transfert d'aire en ai prélèvent la matière dans une section de l'aire amont, la transportent et l'étalent dans une section de l'aire aval dont la. matière a été enlevée pour être transférée à l'aire plus en aval ou pour être évacuée.The installation for implementing the method comprises a plurality of perforated drying areas arranged parallel to each other and in series along the path of circulation of the drying gas so that they successively pass through the gas flow, with means' for bringing the material subject to drying on the upstream area 'which is furthest downstream in the gas flow, and means. to transfer it from area to area, to the most downstream area which is the further upstream in the gas flow from which means evacuate it in the dry state and it is characterized in that the means for bringing the material subjected to drying to the upstream area most downstream in the flow of gases move above said area in the direction of parallelism of the areas and deposit the material to be dried in the successive sections of said drying area, and in that the means for the transfer of area have removed the material in a section of the upstream area, transport and spread it in a section of the downstream area including. material has been removed to be transferred to the area further downstream or to be evacuated.

Le transfert de la matière de l'aire amont à l'aire aval peut être réalisé par un premier chassis mobile selon la longueur de l'aire amont et portant un dispositif de ramassage ramassant sur la largeur de l'aire amont en avant du chassis et un dispositif d'étalement étalant la matière à sécher sur la largeur de l'aire amont en arrière du chassis et un second chassis mobile selon la longueur de l'aire aval et portant un dispositif de ramassage ramassant sur la largeur de l'aire aval en avant du second chassis et un dispositif d'étalement étalant la matière ramassée par le dispositif de ramassage de l'aire amont sur la largeur de l'aire aval en arrière du second chassis et des moyens pour transporter la matière ramassée par le dispositif de ramassage du premier chassis au dispositif d'étalement du second chassis.The transfer of the material from the upstream area to the downstream area can be achieved by a first movable chassis along the length of the upstream area and carrying a pickup device picking up across the width of the upstream area in front of the chassis and a spreading device spreading the material to be dried over the width of the upstream area behind the chassis and a second movable chassis along the length of the downstream area and carrying a pickup device picking up across the width of the area downstream in front of the second chassis and a spreading device spreading the material collected by the collecting device of the upstream area over the width of the downstream area behind the second chassis and means for transporting the material collected by the device of collecting the first chassis to the spreading device of the second chassis.

Dans le cas d'aires de séchage disposées dans un même plan, en pratique deux aires de séchage traversées par le flux gazeux l'une de bas en haut et l'autre de haut en bas pour laisser libre le tunnel supérieur recouvrant l'ensemble des deux aires, les deux chassis peuvent être réunis sous forme d'un chariot enjambant les deux aires et portant le moyen de transport disposé transversalement. Il est également possible de prévoir deux chariots indépendants se déplaçant selon des directions inverses au dessus des aires en occupant des positions homologues, le moyen de transport étant constitua par des transporteurs parallèles aux aires avec un moyen de transfert de l'aire amont à l'aire aval situé en bout d'aire amont.In the case of drying areas arranged in the same plane, in practice two drying areas crossed by the gas flow, one from bottom to top and the other from top to bottom to leave free the upper tunnel covering the assembly of the two areas, the two chassis can be joined in the form of a carriage spanning the two areas and carrying the means of transport arranged transversely. It is also possible to provide two independent trolleys moving in opposite directions above the areas in occupying homologous positions, the means of transport being constituted by conveyors parallel to the areas with a means of transfer from the upstream area to the downstream area located at the end of the upstream area.

La matière peut être amenée au dispositif d'étalement de l'aire amont et évacuée du dispositif de ramassage de l'aire aval par des bennes portées par le chassis mobile de l'aire amont et le chassis mobile de l'aire aval respectivement. Il est également possible de prévoir de transporteurs disposés parallèlement aux aires de séchage.The material can be brought to the spreading device of the upstream area and evacuated from the collecting device of the downstream area by skips carried by the movable frame of the upstream area and the movable frame of the downstream area respectively. It is also possible to provide conveyors arranged parallel to the drying areas.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation qui met à profit le fait que la matière à sécher n'est déplacée dans le procédé que par charges successives,.la durée de transport d'une charge ne représentant qu'une très faible partie de la durée totale du séchage, la manutention et le transport de la matière à sécher sont assurés par un chariot unique se déplaçant sur des rails au-dessus des diverses aires de séchage, ce chariot comportant une plate-forme de chargement,des moyens de reprise susceptibles de reprendre le fourrage sur une surface pour le charger sur cette plate-forme et des moyens pour étaler le chargement de fourrage se trouvant sur cette plate-forme.According to another embodiment which takes advantage of the fact that the material to be dried is only displaced in the process by successive loads, the duration of transport of a load representing only a very small part of the total duration drying, handling and transport of the material to be dried is ensured by a single carriage moving on rails above the various drying areas, this carriage comprising a loading platform, recovery means capable of resuming the fodder on a surface to load it on this platform and means for spreading the load of fodder located on this platform.

Les caractéristiques ci-dessus de la présente invention et d'autres caractéristiques de celle-ci seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description de divers modes de réalisation possibles de la présente invention faite ci-après avec référence aux dessins ci-annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en plan schématique d'une installation de séchage à deux aires dis- posées côte à côte fonctionnant selon le procédé de l'invention; la figure 2 est une vue en plan schématique d'un mode de réalisation du chariot coopérant avec les aires de séchage ci-dessus; la figure 3 est une vue en coupe schématique par III-III de figure 2; la figure 4 est une vue en coupe schématique par IV-IV de figure 2; la figure 5 est une vue en plan schématique d'une installation de séchage à deux aires côte à côte exploitée selon un autre mode de réalisation du procédé de l'invention; la figure 6 est une vue en élévation latérale schématique d'un exemple de réalisation du chariot de manutention utilisé dans l'installation de figure 5 et la figure 7 est une vue en élévation à 90° de figure 6 du dispositif égalisateur du chariot de figure 6.
The above features of the present invention and other features thereof will be better understood on reading the description of various possible embodiments of the present invention made below with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a drying installation with two areas arranged side by side operating according to the method of the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the carriage cooperating with the above drying areas; Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view through III-III of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view through IV-IV of Figure 2; FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a drying plant with two areas side by side operated according to another embodiment of the method of the invention; Figure 6 is a schematic side elevational view of an exemplary embodiment of the handling trolley used in the installation of Figure 5 and Figure 7 is a 90 ° elevational view of Figure 6 of the equalizer device of the figure trolley 6.

Comme illustré schématiquement dans la figure 1, les deux aires de séchage constituées par une tôle perforée ou un treillis AV et AM sont disposées côte à côte et seules les parties de ces aires où est en cours le transfert de la matiè à sécher ont été schématisées. L'aire AM est l'aire amont sur laquelle est la matière fraîche et l'aire AV est l'aire aval sur laquelle se termine le séchage. Le flux gazeux G, en pratique de l'air qui par exemple est réchauffé par passage sur l'échangeur chaud d'une pompe de chaleur, est amené sous l'aire AV et traverse de manière ascendante le lit de matière déjà débarrassée d'une partie de son humidité que porte cette aire puis il traverse de manière descendante, comme schématis par les flèches G, le lit de matière plus humide porté par l'aire amont AM pour être repris en dessous de cette aire.As illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1, the two drying areas constituted by a perforated sheet or a mesh AV and AM are arranged side by side and only the parts of these areas where the transfer of the material to be dried is in progress have been schematized . The AM area is the upstream area on which the fresh material is and the AV area is the downstream area on which drying ends. The gas flow G, in practice air which, for example, is heated by passing over the hot exchanger of a heat pump, is brought under the AV area and ascends upwards the bed of material already rid of part of its humidity carried by this area then it crosses downwards, as shown by the arrows G, the bed of more humid material carried by the upstream area AM to be taken up below this area.

RAM désigne le réservoir d'amenée de la matière à sécher et REV désigné le réservoir d'évaluation de la matière sèche dont un exemple sera décrit plus en détail ci-après mais qui pourraient être également des transporteurs continus tels que des tapis roulants transportant la matière dans le sens de la flèche F. Ces réservoirs ainsi que les moyens de distribution et de reprise sur les aires et de transfert d'aire à aire qui seront décrits schématiquement ci-après circulent dans le sens des flèches F. La matière à sécher amenée dans le réservoir RAM est répartie sur la section a1 pour constituer le lit A1 en arrière du dispositif. Le lit de matière A2 déjà à demi séchée et qui se trouve sur l'aire amont AM en avant du dispositif est repris sur la section a2 située en avant de a1 pour être transféré dans la section a3 de l'aire de séchage AV pour constituer le lit de matière A3 en arrière du dispositif et le lit de matièr A4 à la siccité finale qui se trouve sur l'aire aval AV en avant du dispositif est repris pour être chargé dans le réservoir d'évacuation REV. Le réservoir d'amenée RAM est chargé en matière à sécher à l'extrémité amont des aires de séchage et la matière sèche est évacuée du réservoir REV à l'aval des aires de séchage.RAM designates the tank for supplying the material to be dried and REV designates the tank for evaluating the dry material, an example of which will be described in more detail below but which could also be continuous conveyors such as conveyor belts transporting the material in the direction of arrow F. These tanks as well as the means of distribution and recovery on the areas and of transfer from area to area which will be described schematically below circulate in the direction of the arrows F. The material to be dried brought into the RAM tank is distributed over the section a 1 to constitute the bed A 1 behind the device. The bed of material A 2 already half dried and which is on the upstream area AM in front of the device is taken up in section a 2 located in front of a 1 to be transferred to section a 3 of the area of AV drying to constitute the bed of material A 3 behind the device and the bed of material A 4 at the final dryness which is on the downstream area AV in front of the device is taken up to be loaded into the drain tank REV . The RAM supply tank is loaded with material to be dried at the upstream end of the drying areas and the dry material is removed from the REV tank downstream from the drying areas.

Les détails du dispositif peuvent varier selon là nature de la matière à sécher et on décrira plus particulièrement ci-après un dispositif adapté au séchage du fourrage.The details of the device may vary depending on the nature of the material to be dried and a device suitable for drying the fodder will be described more particularly below.

Les aires de séchage AM-AV sont constituées chacune par une tôle perforée 1 portée par des poutres longitudinales 2 formant rails de circulation pour le chariot et prolongées vers le bas par des tabliers pour constituer des tunnels de soufflage et de reprise de l'air de séchage. Les tôles 1 sont renforcées par des traverses 3.The AM-AV drying areas each consist of a perforated sheet 1 carried by longitudinal beams 2 forming circulation rails for the carriage and extended downwards by aprons to form supply and return air tunnels for drying. The sheets 1 are reinforced by crosspieces 3.

Le bâti du chariot et les galets de roulement sur les rails 1 ainsi que les moyens d'entraînement ne-sont pas représentés pour simplifier les dessins. Le bâti porte, par des paliers 4-5, deux axes parallèles 6 et 7. Les deux axes sont entraînés dans le même sens représenté par des flèches sur les figures.The carriage frame and the rollers on the rails 1 and the drive means are not shown to simplify the drawings. The frame carries, by bearings 4-5, two parallel axes 6 and 7. The two axes are driven in the same direction shown by arrows in the figures.

Au-dessus de l'aire amont AM, l'axe avant 6 porte un hérisson dont les dents 8 viennent tangenter la surface de la tôle perforée 1 de manière à ramasser le fourrage se trouvant en lit sur l'aire et à le projeter,avec l'aide d'une tôle de guidage 9 et de dents déflectrices 10,sur un tapis transporteur 11 disposé transversalement au chariot et dont le brin supérieur circule de l'aire AM vers l'aire AV comme représenté par la flèche Fil Une tôle 12 sur la largeur de l'aire AM empêche la matière d'être projetée au-delà du transporteur. Au-dessus de l'aire amont l'axe arrière 7 porte un hérisson égalisateur de lit dont les dents 13 sont espacées de la tôle 1 de l'épaisseur du lit. En arrière de la tôle 12 et en avant du hérisson 13 débouche une goulotte 14 dont le bord arrière se prolonge par des dents déflectrices 15 intercalées entre les dents du hérisson 13. La goulotte 14 est située à la base d'une enceinte 16 formant réserve de fourrage à étaler pour un début de séchage sur l'aire amont AM. Au fond de l'enceinte et sur toute sa largeur est monté un tapis transporteur 17 muni de dents 17a qui peignent la base de la charge et amènent la matière à l'ouverture de la goulotte 14, la matière étant déviée vers la goulotte par des dents déflectrices 18.Above the upstream area AM, the front axis 6 carries a hedgehog whose teeth 8 come to tangent the surface of the perforated sheet 1 so as to pick up the forage lying in bed on the area and to project it, with the help of a guide plate 9 and deflecting teeth 10, on a conveyor belt 11 arranged transversely to the carriage and the upper strand of which flows from the area AM towards the area AV as represented by the arrow Wire A sheet 12 across the width of the AM area prevents the material from being projected beyond the conveyor. Above the upstream area the rear axis 7 carries a hedgehog equalizer of bed whose teeth 13 are spaced from the sheet 1 of the thickness of the bed. Behind the sheet 12 and in front of the hedgehog 13 opens a chute 14 whose rear edge is extended by deflecting teeth 15 interposed between the teeth of the hedgehog 13. The chute 14 is located at the base of an enclosure 16 forming a reserve of spreadable fodder for a start of drying on the upstream area AM. At the bottom of the enclosure and over its entire width is mounted a conveyor belt 17 provided with teeth 17a which paint the base of the load and bring the material to the opening of the chute 14, the material being deflected towards the chute by deflecting teeth 18.

Au-dessus de l'aire aval, l'axe 6 porte le cylindre de renvoi 19 d'un tapis élévateur 20 muni de dents en saillie 21. Une tôle déflectrice 22 coopère avec le tapis élévateur 20 pour empêcher que la matière séchée se trouvant sur l'aire AV et reprise par les dents 21 du tapis élévateur, retombe sur ladite aire. La matière est au contraire projetée par la force centrifuge au moment du passage du tapis sur le cylindre de renvoi supérieur 24 et elle tombe dans une enceinte 25 destinée à récolter la matière sèche. Des dents 26 qui s'engagent entre les dents 21 du tapis élévateur dégagent la matière qui pourrait bourrer entre lesdites dents. Au sommet de la cuve 25 est monté un tapis sans fin 27 qui peut être entraîné dans le sens de la flèche ou descendu par des vérin 28. Ce tapis transporteur a pour but d'étaler le tas de mati sur toute la surface de la cuve 25 et de tasser la matière pour réduire son volume.Above the downstream area, the axis 6 carries the return cylinder 19 of a lifting belt 20 provided with projecting teeth 21. A deflecting plate 22 cooperates with the lifting belt 20 to prevent the dried material being found on the area A V and taken up by the teeth 21 of the lifting belt, falls back on the said area. On the contrary, the material is projected by centrifugal force when the belt passes over the upper return cylinder 24 and it falls into an enclosure 25 intended to collect the dry material. 26 teeth lie between the teeth 21 of the lifting belt release the material which could stuff between said teeth. At the top of the tank 25 is mounted an endless belt 27 which can be driven in the direction of the arrow or lowered by jacks 28. The purpose of this conveyor belt is to spread the pile of material over the entire surface of the tank 25 and compact the material to reduce its volume.

Au-dessus de la partie du brin supérieur du tapis transporte 11 qui se trouve au-dessus de l'aire aval AV est disposée une tôle verticale en biais 29 qui repousse vers l'arrière la matière envoyée sur ce tapis par le hérisson 8 de l'aire amont AM de manière à répartir à peu près celle-ci sur la tôle perforée 1 de l'aire aval. Pour égaliser le lit,l'arbre 7 porte un hérisson dont les dents 30 passent au-dessus de la surface supérieure de la tôle 1 à une distance égale à l'épaisseur du lit. Des dents déflectrices 31 empêchent la matière de bourrer autour du hérisson 30.Above the part of the upper strand of the conveyor belt 11 which is located above the downstream area AV is disposed a vertical oblique sheet 29 which pushes back the material sent to this carpet by the hedgehog 8 of the upstream area AM so as to roughly distribute it over the perforated sheet 1 of the downstream area. To equalize the bed, the shaft 7 carries a hedgehog whose teeth 30 pass over the upper surface of the sheet 1 at a distance equal to the thickness of the bed. Deflecting teeth 31 prevent the material from stuffing around the hedgehog 30.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif ci-dessus décrit avec référe: aux figures 2 à 4 est le suivant.The operation of the above device described with reference: in Figures 2 to 4 is as follows.

A l'extrémité amont des aires de séchage, à savoir vers la droite des figures, l'enceinte 25 est vide et l'enceinte 16 est chargée de matière par exemple de fourrage à sécher. A la fin d'une demi période de séchage d'une durée égale à la moitié du temps de séchage où lorsque le fourrage se trouvant sur l'aire aval AV a atteint le taux d'humidité minimal correspondant au degré hygrométrique et à la tempe- rature de l'air soufflé sous l'aire aval, le chariot est mis en route.At the upstream end of the drying areas, namely to the right of the figures, the enclosure 25 is empty and the enclosure 16 is loaded with material, for example fodder to be dried. At the end of a half drying period of a duration equal to half the drying time where when the fodder in the downstream area AV has reached the minimum humidity corresponding to the humidity and the temperature - erasure of the air blown under the downstream area, the trolley is started.

Les lits de fourrage qui se trouvaient sur les aires sont ramassés par le tapis élévateur 20-21 pour le fourrage sec se trouvant sur l'aire aval AV et par le hérisson 8 pour Le fourrage à demi séché se trouvant sur l'aire amont AM. Le fourrage sec élevé par le tapis élévateur 20-21 est devers dans l'enceinte 25. Le fourrage demi-sec ramassé par le hérisson 8 est projeté sur le tapis transporteur 11 qui l'amène au-dessus de l'aire aval AV sur laquelle il est étalé par la tôle 29 et le hérisson 30, cette aire ayant été débarrassée du fourrage sec traité pendant la demi-période précédente par le tapis élévateur 20-21.The fodder beds which were on the areas are picked up by the lifting belt 20-21 for the dry fodder located on the downstream area AV and by the hedgehog 8 for the semi-dried fodder found on the upstream area AM . The dry fodder raised by the 20-21 lifting belt is in the enclosure 25. The semi-dry fodder picked up by the hedgehog 8 is projected onto the conveyor belt 11 which brings it above the downstream area AV on which it is spread by the sheet metal 29 and the hedgehog 30, this area having been freed from the dry forage treated during the previous half-period by the lifting belt 20-21.

Le fourrage à sécher se trouvant dans l'enceinte 16 est étalé par la goulotte 14 et le hérisson 13 sur l'aire de séchage amont AM qui a été débarrassée du fourrage à demi séché au cours de la demi-période de séchage précédente par le hérisson 8.The fodder to be dried being in the enclosure 16 is spread by the chute 14 and the hedgehog 13 on the upstream drying area AM which has been freed from the half-dried fodder during the preceding half-drying period by the hedgehog 8.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, on retrouve les deux aires de séchage parallèles AM et AV qui sont traversées par le gaz de séchage selon les flèches G. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les sections homologues sont symétriques par rapport à un point P situé entre les aires à égale distance de leurs extrémités. A savoir le fourrage à sécher étant alimenté en M et le fourrage sec évacué en S, le fourrage alimenté en M est déposé dans une section a'1 qui a été.libérée lors du cycle précédent et le fourrage à demi-séché est ramassé dans la section a'2 voisine de a'1 pour être étalé dans la section a'3 libérée au cours du cycle précédent, le fourrage sec dans la section a'4 voisine étant ramassé pour être évacué en S.In the embodiment of FIG. 5, there are the two parallel drying areas AM and AV which are crossed by the drying gas according to the arrows G. In this embodiment, the homologous sections are symmetrical with respect to a point P located between the areas equidistant from their ends. Namely, the fodder to be dried being supplied with M and the dry fodder discharged at S, the fodder supplied with M is deposited in a section a ' 1 which has been released during the previous cycle and the semi-dried fodder is collected in the section a ' 2 close to a' 1 to be spread in the section a ' 3 released during the previous cycle, the dry fodder in the section a' 4 next being collected to be evacuated in S.

Le mode de réalisation ci-dessus du procédé peut être mis en oeuvre avec un dispositif transporteur, ramasseur et étaleur unique, par exemple du type décrit avec référence aux figures 6 et 7, qui se déplace sur des rails formant un circuit au-dessus des aires de séchage et des dispositifs de chargement M et de déchargement S. Le sens de circulation vers l'avant est le sens de la flèche C, figure 5. Le chariot comporte des boggies 41 avec des galets 42 dont certains sont moteurs qui portent le bâti 43. Sous ce bâti est suspendue une plate-forme de transport 44 à une extrémité de laquelle est monté le tambour 45 d'un pick-up 46 dont les dents passent entre des barreaux 47. La plate-forme 44 est suspendue au bâti, à l'extrémité correspondant au pick-up,par des points fixes 48 créés par des barres 49, points fixes autour desquels sont articulés des leviers 50 dont un des bras porte à rotation l'axe 51 du pick-up tandis que l'autre bras est actionné par un vérin 52 agissant entre son extrémité 53 et le bâti 43. A son autre extrémité, la plate-forme 44 est suspendue à l'extrémité 54 d'un vérin 55 articulé en 56 sur le bâti 43. La plate-forme 44 peut ainsi être soulevée, abaissée et inclinée longitudinalement.The above embodiment of the method can be implemented with a single conveyor, pick-up and spreader device, for example of the type described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, which moves on rails forming a circuit above the drying areas and M loading and unloading devices S. The direction of forward movement is the direction of arrow C, Figure 5. The carriage has bogies 41 with rollers 42 some of which are motors which carry the frame 43. Under this frame hangs a transport platform 44 at one end of which is mounted the drum 45 of a pick-up 46 whose teeth pass between bars 47. The platform 44 is suspended from the frame, at the end corresponding to the pick-up, by fixed points 48 created by bars 49, points fixed around which are articulated levers 50 of which one of the arms rotatably carries the axis 51 of the pick-up while the other arm is actuated by a jack 52 acting between its end 53 and the frame 43. At its other end, the platform 44 is suspended from the end 54 of a jack 55 articulated at 56 on the frame 43. The platform 44 can thus be raised, lowered and tilted longitudinally.

Un hérisson d'épandage 57 est suspendu par une barre oscillante 58 au bâti 43, la position du hérisson par rapport au bord voisin de la plate-forme étant réglable grâce à un vérin 59. L'étalement et l'égalisation du lot sont assurés par un étaleur désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 60 à la figure 7. Cet étaleur comporte un bâti 61 solidaire du bras 58 lequel porte quatre axes 62 sur lesquels sont montés des pignons 63 dont au moins un est entraîné depuis l'axe du hérisson 57; ces pignons guident deux chaînes sans fin 64. Sur lesdites chaînes sans fin sont montés des axes 65 régulièrement espacés qui portent des volets 66 dirigés vers l'arrière et susceptibles de venir en butée sur l'axe 65 arrière. L'ensemble est entouré par un carter 67 qui entoure les deux brins verticaux et le brin supérieur de la chaîne, ce carter étant fermé sur sa face verticale opposée au hérisson 57. Les chaînes sans fin du dispositif étaleur tournent dans le sens de la flèche H pour que l'axe d'articulation des volets 66 soit situé en avant.A spreading hedgehog 57 is suspended by an oscillating bar 58 from the frame 43, the position of the hedgehog relative to the neighboring edge of the platform being adjustable by means of a jack 59. The spreading and the equalization of the batch are ensured by a spreader designated as a whole by the reference 60 in FIG. 7. This spreader comprises a frame 61 secured to the arm 58 which carries four axes 62 on which pinions 63 are mounted, of which at least one is driven from the hedgehog axis 57; these sprockets guide two endless chains 64. On said endless chains are mounted regularly spaced axes 65 which carry flaps 66 directed towards the rear and capable of coming into abutment on the rear axis 65. The assembly is surrounded by a casing 67 which surrounds the two vertical strands and the upper strand of the chain, this casing being closed on its vertical face opposite to the hedgehog 57. The endless chains of the spreader device rotate in the direction of the arrow H so that the axis of articulation of the flaps 66 is located in front.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif étaleur est le suivant : le hérisson 57 projette le fourrage qui est amené contre lui en glissant sur la plate-forme 44 convenablement inclinée par allongement du vérin 52 et réglage du vérin 59, au-dessus du brin inférieur des chaînes sans fin 64 dans le carter 67. S'il n'y a pas de lit de formé sur la plaque perforée 68 sur laquelle est formé le lit L ou si l'épaisseur du lit est faible comme illustré dans la partie de gauche de la figure 7, les volets 66 pendent librement et le fourrage projeté passe librement entre eux. Lorsque, par contre, le lit de fourrage s'élève, les volets 66 remontent progressivement et freinent puis arrêtent le passage du fourrage qui est retenu en lit F au-dessus des volets. Des détecteurs d'un type quelconque connu détectent la position de relèvement de tous les volets 66, ce qui correspond à un lit L formé sur toute la largeur de l'aire de séchage 68, et commandent l'avancement du dispositif.The operation of the spreader device is as follows: the hedgehog 57 projects the fodder which is brought against it by sliding on the platform 44 suitably inclined by extension of the jack 52 and adjustment of the jack 59, above the lower strand of the chains without end 64 in the housing 67. If there is no bed formed on the perforated plate 68 on which the bed L is formed or if the thickness of the bed is weak as illustrated in the left-hand part of FIG. 7, the flaps 66 hang freely and the projected fodder passes freely between them. When, on the other hand, the fodder bed rises, the flaps 66 gradually rise and brake then stop the passage of the fodder which is retained in bed F above the flaps. Detectors of any known type detect the raising position of all the flaps 66, which corresponds to a bed L formed over the entire width of the drying area 68, and control the advancement of the device.

Dans son utilisation dans le procédé de séchage schématisé à la figure 5,le dispositif de la figure 6 relevé par allongement du vérin 52 et raccourcissement du vérin 55 pour qu'il puisse circuler librement au-dessus des lits, est amené au poste M où il reçoit, sur la plate-forme 44, une charge de fourrage correspondant à la quantité étalée sur une aire a'. Le dispositif est alors amené au-dessus de l'aire a'1 , le pick-up 46 étant,dans le schéma de chantier adopté,en avant du dispositif et le dispositif étaleur à l'arrière. Au droit de l'extrémité aval de l'aire a'1 , le chariot est arrêté, le dispositif étaleur est placé en position de coopération avec l'extrémité de la plate-forme 44 et le fourrage est envoyé par le hérisson 57 dans l'étaleur 60. Le chariot se déplace vers l'arrière par rapport à la flèche C (Fig. 5) pour étaler son chargement sur toute l'aire a'l. Le pick-up 47 est alors amené au droit du bord de l'aire a' sur laquelle se trouve le fourrage partiellement séché. L'extrémité de la plate-forme 44 portant le pick-up est abaissée, cet abaissement étant limité par des roulettes de butée 69. Le pick-up est alors mis en route et le dispositif avance pour balayer l'aire a'2 et charger, sur la plate-forme 44, le fourrage se trouvant sur cette aire. Le chargement peut être égalisé en inclinant, à l'aide des vérins, la plate-forme de chargement. Le fourrage chargé est alors étalé sur la section a'3 de la manière décrite ci-dessus pour la section a'1 et le fourrage complètement sec se trouvant sur la section a'4 est chargé sur la plate-forme 44 et déchargé en S pour être évacué.In its use in the drying process shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5, the device of FIG. 6 raised by lengthening the jack 52 and shortening the jack 55 so that it can circulate freely above the beds, is brought to station M where it receives, on the platform 44, a load of fodder corresponding to the quantity spread over an area a '. The device is then brought above the area a ' 1 , the pick-up 46 being, in the site plan adopted, in front of the device and the spreader device in the rear. In line with the downstream end of the area a ' 1 , the carriage is stopped, the spreading device is placed in a position of cooperation with the end of the platform 44 and the fodder is sent by the hedgehog 57 into the spreader 60. The carriage moves rearwards with respect to arrow C (Fig. 5) to spread its load over the entire area a ' l . The pick-up 47 is then brought to the right of the edge of the area a 'on which the partially dried fodder is located. The end of the platform 44 carrying the pick-up is lowered, this lowering being limited by stop rollers 69. The pick-up is then started and the device advances to scan the area at ' 2 and load the forage on this area onto platform 44. The load can be equalized by tilting, using the jacks, the loading platform. The loaded forage is then spread on section a ' 3 as described above for section a' 1 and the completely dry forage in section a ' 4 is loaded on platform 44 and unloaded in S to be evacuated.

Le dispositif décrit avec référence aux figures 6 et 7 peut également être utilisé dans le cas d'un nombre d'aires de séchage supérieur à deux que ces aires de séchage soient placées côte à côte ou superposées. Dans le cas d'aires superposées et pour simplifier l'installation un dispositif tel que décrit peut être prévu pour desservir chacune des aires, le transfert du fourrage du dispositif d'une aire à celui de l'aire immédiatement en dessous se faisant par gravité en inclinant la plate-forme 44.The device described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 can also be used in the case of a number of drying areas greater than two whether these drying areas are placed side by side or superimposed. In the case of superimposed areas and to simplify the installation, a device as described can be provided to serve each of the areas, the transfer of the fodder from the device from an area to that of the area immediately below taking place by gravity by tilting the platform 44.

Les modes de réalisation ci-dessus décrits ne sont que des exemples illustratifs, le procédé tel que revendiqué pouvant être mis en oeuvre de diverses autres manières.The embodiments described above are only illustrative examples, the method as claimed can be implemented in various other ways.

Claims (10)

1. Un procédé de séchage de matières égalables en lit notamment de fourrages associant le séchage par circulation à contre-courant de la matière à sécher et du gaz de'séchage et le séchage par traversée du lit de matière dans lequel la matière est répartie sous forme de lits disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et traversés en série par le flux de gaz assurant le séchage, la matière étant maintenue dans une même section de lit pendant la phase de séchage sur ce lit et transférée successivement d'un lit amont au lit aval suivant à contre-courant du flux gazeux, caractérisé en ce que la matière est après la phase de séchage reprise dans la section a2 du lit amont, transportée et étalée dans une section homologue a3 du lit aval.1. A process for drying materials which can be equalized in a bed, especially forages, associating the drying by counter-current circulation of the material to be dried and the drying gas and the drying by crossing the bed of material in which the material is distributed under form of beds arranged parallel to each other and crossed in series by the gas flow ensuring drying, the material being maintained in the same bed section during the drying phase on this bed and transferred successively from an upstream bed to the bed downstream following against the flow of the gas flow, characterized in that the material is, after the drying phase, taken up in section a 2 of the upstream bed, transported and spread out in a section homologous to 3 of the downstream bed. 2. Un procédé de séchage selon la revendication 1 avec des aires de séchage de grande longueur disposées parallèlement côte à côte dans un même plan et portant des lits de matière à sécher traversés alternativement d'un lit au lit voisin par un flux ascendant et par un flux descendant de gaz de séchage, caractérisé en ce que la matière déposée dans une section al du lit de l'aire amont est, après une fraction de la durée totale du séchage fonction du nombre de lits en série, reprise en a2 transportée et étalée dans la section homologue a3 de l'aire aval dont la matière a été elle-même au préalable reprise en a4 pour être, selon le cas, évacuée ou transférée dans la section homologue de l'aire plus en aval.2. A drying process according to claim 1 with long drying areas arranged parallel side by side in the same plane and carrying beds of material to be dried crossed alternately from a bed to the neighboring bed by an upward flow and by a descending flow of drying gas, characterized in that the material deposited in a section a l of the bed of the upstream area is, after a fraction of the total drying time depending on the number of beds in series, taken up at a 2 transported and spread out in the homologous section at 3 of the downstream area, the material of which has itself been previously taken up in a 4 to be, as the case may be, evacuated or transferred to the homologous section of the area further downstream. 3. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la section homologue est la section la plus voisine située sensiblement immédiatement à côté de la section considérée.3. A method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the homologous section is the most neighboring section located substantially immediately next to the section considered. 4. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la section homologue est la section résultant du déplacement, parallèlement aux lits mais en sens inverses pour les deux lits voisins, sur une distance sensiblement égale à la longueur d'un lit.4. A method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the homologous section is the section resulting from the displacement, parallel to the beds but in direction inverses for the two neighboring beds, over a distance substantially equal to the length of a bed. 5. Une installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, cette installation comportant une pluralité d'aires de séchage fixes et perforées 1 disposées parallèlement les unes aux autres et en série selon le trajet de circulation G du gaz de séchage de manière à ce qu'elles soient traversées successivement par le flux de gaz, avec des moyens pour amener la'matière soumise au séchage sur l'aire amont AM qui se trouve la plus en aval dans le flux de gaz, et des moyens pour la transférer d'aire en aire, jusqu'à l'aire la plus en aval AV qui se trouve la plus en amont dans le flux de gaz d'où des moyens l'évacuent à l'état sec, caractérisée en ce que les moyens 13 à 18 pour amener la matière soumise au séchage sur l'aire amont AM la plus en aval dans le flux de gaz se déplacent au-dessus de ladite aire selon la direction du parallélisme des aires et déposent la matière à sécher dans les sections al successives de ladite aire de séchage et, en ce que les moyens 8 à 11, 29 et 30 pour le transfert d'aire en aire prélèvent la matière dans une section a2 de l'aire amont, la transportent et l'étalent dans une section a3 de l'aire aval dont la matière vient d'être enlevée en a4 pour être transférée à l'aire plus en aval ou pour être évacuée5. An installation for implementing the method according to claim 1, this installation comprising a plurality of fixed and perforated drying areas 1 arranged parallel to each other and in series along the circulation path G of the drying gas of so that they are successively crossed by the gas flow, with means for bringing the material subjected to drying to the upstream area AM which is furthest downstream in the gas flow, and means for transfer from area to area, to the most downstream area AV which is furthest upstream in the gas flow from where means evacuate it in the dry state, characterized in that the means 13 to 18 to bring the material subjected to drying to the upstream area AM furthest downstream in the gas flow move above said area in the direction of the parallelism of the areas and deposit the material to be dried in sections a l successive of said drying area and, in that means 8 to 11, 29 and 30 for the transfer from area to area take the material in a section a 2 of the upstream area, transport it and spread it in a section a 3 of the downstream area whose material has just been removed in a 4 to be transferred to the area further downstream or to be evacuated 6. Une installation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un premier châssis mobile selon la longueur de l'aire amont et portant un dispositif de ramassage 8 à 10 ramassant sur la largeur de l'aire amont en avant du châssis et un dispositif d'étalement 13-14 étalant la matière à sécher sur la largeur de l'aire amont en arrière du châssis et un second châssis mobile selon la longueur de l'aire aval et portant un dispositif de ramassage 20-21 ramassant sur la largeur de l'aire aval en avant du second châssi, et un dispositif d'étalement 29-30 étalant la matière ramassée par le dispositif de ramassage de l'aire amont,sur la largeu- de l'aire aval,en arrière du second châssis et des moyens 11 pour transporter la matière ramassée par le dispositif de ramassage du premier châssis au dispositif d'étalement du second châssis.6. An installation according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a first movable frame along the length of the upstream area and carrying a pickup device 8 to 10 picking up over the width of the upstream area in front of the frame and a spreading device 13-14 spreading the material to be dried over the width of the upstream area behind the frame and a second frame movable along the length of the downstream area and carrying a pickup device 20-21 picking up on the width of the downstream area in front of the second frame, and a spreading device 29-30 spreading the material collected by the collecting device of the upstream area, over the width from the downstream area, behind the second chassis and means 11 for transporting the material collected by the collection device from the first chassis to the spreading device of the second chassis. 7. Une installation selon la revendication 5 avec des aires de séchage disposées dans un même plan, en pratique deux aires de séchage traversées par le flux gazeux l'une de bas en haut et l'autre de haut en bas pour laisser libre le tunnel supérieur recouvrant l'ensemble des deux aires, caractérisée en ce que le transfert transversal de la matière de l'aire amont AM à l'aire aval AV est réalisé par un chariot portant un dispositif de ramassage 8 à 10 ramassant sur la largeur de l'aire amont en avant du chariot, un dispositif d'étalement 13-14 étalant la matière à sécher sur la largeur de l'aire amont en arrière du chariot, un dispositif de ramassage 20-21 ramassant sur la largeur de l'aire aval en avant du chariot, un dispositif d'étalement 29-30 étalant la matière ramassée par le dispositif de ramassage de l'aire amont, sur la largeur de l'aire aval,en arrière du chariot et un moyen 11 pour transporter la matière ramassée par le dispositif 8-10 de ramassage de l'aire amont au dispositif d'étalement 29-30 de l'aire aval.7. An installation according to claim 5 with drying areas arranged in the same plane, in practice two drying areas crossed by the gas flow, one from bottom to top and the other from top to bottom to leave the tunnel free. upper covering all of the two areas, characterized in that the transverse transfer of the material from the upstream area AM to the downstream area AV is carried out by a carriage carrying a pickup device 8 to 10 picking up over the width of the upstream area in front of the carriage, a spreading device 13-14 spreading the material to be dried over the width of the upstream area behind the carriage, a collecting device 20-21 picking up over the width of the downstream area in front of the carriage, a spreading device 29-30 spreading the material collected by the collection device of the upstream area, over the width of the downstream area, behind the carriage and a means 11 for transporting the material collected by the device 8-10 for collecting from the upstream area to the disposit spreading yew 29-30 of the downstream area. 8. Une installation selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les deux châssis mobiles sont portés par deux chariots indépendants se déplaçant selon les directions inverses au-dessus des aires amont et aval en occupant des positions homologues, le moyen de transport étant constitué par des transporteurs parallèles aux aires avec un moyen de transfert de l'aire amont à l'aire aval qui est situé en bout d'aire amont.8. An installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the two mobile chassis are carried by two independent carriages moving in opposite directions above the upstream and downstream areas in occupying homologous positions, the means of transport being constituted by conveyors parallel to the areas with a means of transfer from the upstream area to the downstream area which is located at the end of the upstream area. 9. Une installation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la manutention et le transport de la manière à sécher sont assurés par un chariot unique (Fig. 6) se déplaçant sur des rails 40 au-dessus des diverses aires de séchage, ce chariot comportant une plate-forme de chargement 44, des moyens 45-46 de reprise susceptibles de reprendre le fourrage sur une surface pour le charger sur cette plate-forme et des moyens 57-60 pour étaler le chargement de fourrage se trouvant sur cette plate forme 44.9. An installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the handling and transport in the manner of drying are provided by a single carriage (Fig. 6) moving on rails 40 above the various areas drying, this carriage comprising a loading platform 44, recovery means 45-46 capable of taking up the forage on a surface to load it on this platform and means 57-60 for spreading the loading of forage found on this platform 44. 10. Une installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, cette installation comportant une pluralité d'aires de séchage perforées 1 disposées parallèlement les unes aux autres et en série selon le trajet de circulation G du gaz de séchage de manière à ce qu'elles soient traversées successivement par le flux'de gaz, avec des moyens pour amener la matière soumise au séchage sur l'aire amont AM qui se trouve la plus en aval dans le flux de gaz, et des moyens pour la transférer d'aire en aire, jusqu'à l'aire la plus en aval AV qui se trouve la plus en amont dans le flux de gaz d'où des moyens l'évacuent à l'état sec, caractérisée en ce que la manutention et le transport de la matière à sécher sont assurés sur chaque aire par un chariot (Fig. 6) se déplaçant sur des rails 40 au-dessus de ladite aire de séchage, ce chariot comportant une plate-forme de chargement 44, des moyens 45-46 de reprise susceptibles de reprendre le fourrage sur une surface pour le charger sur cette plate-forme et des moyens 57-60 pour étaler le chargement de fourrage se trouvant sur cette plate-forme 44.10. An installation for implementing the method according to claim 1, this installation comprising a plurality of perforated drying areas 1 arranged parallel to one another and in series along the circulation path G of the drying gas so as to that they are successively traversed by the gas flow, with means for bringing the material subjected to drying to the upstream area AM which is furthest downstream in the gas flow, and means for transferring it from 'area in area, up to the most downstream area AV which is furthest upstream in the gas flow from where means evacuate it in the dry state, characterized in that the handling and transport of the material to be dried is ensured on each area by a trolley (Fig. 6) moving on rails 40 above said drying area, this trolley comprising a loading platform 44, means 45-46 recovery likely to resume forage on a surface to load it on this platform and means 57-60 for spreading the load of fodder located on this platform 44.
EP83400921A 1982-05-10 1983-05-06 Apparatus for drying spread materials Expired EP0094311B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400921T ATE19300T1 (en) 1982-05-10 1983-05-06 DEVICE FOR DRYING RELEASED MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8208063A FR2526531B1 (en) 1982-05-10 1982-05-10 PROCESS FOR DRYING BED MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY FORAGE AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME
FR8208063 1982-05-10

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EP0094311A1 true EP0094311A1 (en) 1983-11-16
EP0094311B1 EP0094311B1 (en) 1986-04-16

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EP83400921A Expired EP0094311B1 (en) 1982-05-10 1983-05-06 Apparatus for drying spread materials

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EP (1) EP0094311B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5941770A (en)
AT (1) ATE19300T1 (en)
CS (1) CS251076B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3363022D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2526531B1 (en)
OA (1) OA07424A (en)

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WO2000054599A1 (en) * 1999-03-15 2000-09-21 Konstantinos Zikas Unit for the dehydration of loose products
CN115978919A (en) * 2022-12-30 2023-04-18 山东省国宠宠物食品有限责任公司 Pet feed vacuum baking equipment
CN115978919B (en) * 2022-12-30 2023-07-21 山东省国宠宠物食品有限责任公司 Vacuum baking equipment for pet feed

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Publication number Publication date
CS251076B2 (en) 1987-06-11
JPS5941770A (en) 1984-03-08
EP0094311B1 (en) 1986-04-16
CS314983A2 (en) 1985-09-17
FR2526531A1 (en) 1983-11-10
DE3363022D1 (en) 1986-05-22
OA07424A (en) 1984-11-30
ATE19300T1 (en) 1986-05-15
FR2526531B1 (en) 1987-03-20

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