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EP0090212A2 - Dispositif pour régler automatiquement le point de fonctionnement optimal d'une source de tension continue - Google Patents

Dispositif pour régler automatiquement le point de fonctionnement optimal d'une source de tension continue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0090212A2
EP0090212A2 EP83102274A EP83102274A EP0090212A2 EP 0090212 A2 EP0090212 A2 EP 0090212A2 EP 83102274 A EP83102274 A EP 83102274A EP 83102274 A EP83102274 A EP 83102274A EP 0090212 A2 EP0090212 A2 EP 0090212A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
setpoint
power
change
voltage source
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83102274A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0090212A3 (en
EP0090212B1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Dipl.-Ing. Assbeck
Volker Dipl.-Ing. Fleckenstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT83102274T priority Critical patent/ATE31983T1/de
Publication of EP0090212A2 publication Critical patent/EP0090212A2/fr
Publication of EP0090212A3 publication Critical patent/EP0090212A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0090212B1 publication Critical patent/EP0090212B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/906—Solar cell systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for automatically setting the optimum operating point of a DC voltage source, in particular a solar generator, which has an internal resistance, and to a device for carrying out the method.
  • a setpoint is specified for an electrical state variable of the DC voltage source that determines the operating point of the solar generator, by means of which the power consumption of a controllable "power transmitter" connected downstream of the DC voltage source is controlled or regulated.
  • Such a DC voltage source can be, for example, an accumulator, a thermocouple, a fuel cell or, in particular, a solar generator.
  • a DC voltage source can be, for example, an accumulator, a thermocouple, a fuel cell or, in particular, a solar generator.
  • these DC voltage sources have in common that between their two electrical state variables (output voltage and output current) there is a certain physical relationship, which is usually described in the equivalent circuit diagram by an internal resistance.
  • the voltage converter is controlled or regulated in such a way that a specific output voltage of the DC voltage source is maintained, so that the current that can be drawn is fixed.
  • the voltage source has only a single electrical degree of freedom, which can be specified as the operating point of the voltage source or the adapter.
  • the power output of such a voltage source is given by a function of the corresponding degree of freedom, ie the operating point, which generally corresponds to a certain value which represents the optimal working point with regard to the utilization of the voltage source ("maximum power point", "MPP"), their maximum.
  • MPP maximum power point
  • DC loads e.g. the vehicle electrical system
  • the DC voltage transformer can also serve as a charge controller for an accumulator and a controllable inverter can be connected downstream of the accumulator, which, for example, feeds the busbar of an "island network", ie a remote group of consumers that is not fed by a "public supply network.”
  • a controllable inverter (generally: a controllable power transformer) is used to convert the primary energy absorbed by the DC voltage source into another electrical energy in a controllable manner, so AC consumers, such as feed pumps, can also be considered as consumers, which can serve for further energy conversion, for example the conveying work of a medium.
  • the control voltage is formed from the control deviation of the generator output voltage from a reference voltage, the reference voltage being supplied by an identically constructed but unloaded solar cell in order to take into account the influences of non-electrical environmental variables.
  • the influence of a change in the operating point as a result of the current flowing from the DC voltage source (also referred to as a "panel") with its falling characteristic cannot be adequately taken into account by the artificial reference voltage formed by the unloaded measuring cell.
  • scatter of specimens as a result of the manufacturing tolerances leads to incorrect settings of the working point.
  • the invention specifies a simple method and a simple device in order to automatically set the operating point to the optimum working point in each case or to readjust it in the event of changes in the state parameters of the panel.
  • the starting point is accordingly a DC voltage source, in particular a solar generator, which is followed by a controllable power transmitter for feeding a consumer.
  • the transmitter is controlled or regulated so that its power consumption, i.e. the electrical power output by the panel is maximum.
  • a state variable that determines the operating point of the panel i.e. the panel voltage or panel current
  • a corresponding setpoint is specified for a state variable that determines the operating point of the panel, i.e. the panel voltage or panel current.
  • An additional value in the sense of a disturbance variable is temporarily applied to this setpoint at certain time intervals and the differential change in the panel power caused thereby is recorded. After the connection of the additional value (removal of the disturbance variable), the setpoint is corrected, i.e.
  • this setpoint change being chosen to be the same as the sign of the additional value if a positive differential change in the panel power was determined during the connection, i.e. the time derivative of the measured power value caused by the activation is positive.
  • the direction of correction (the sign of the change in the setpoint) must be selected opposite the sign of the additional setpoint. So there is a setpoint correction that always leads to an operating point with higher panel performance until the MPP is exceeded. From then on, the further corrections cause the operating point to oscillate around the MPP.
  • the change AP of the panel power P itself is not evaluated, but rather its time derivative so that already Small amplitude disturbances are sufficient to make an exact qualitative statement about the increase or decrease of the panel performance.
  • the interference magnitude amplitudes can be chosen so low that they only cause a 1%, preferably less than 1 ⁇ change in the panel performance, so that they practically no longer interfere with the actual panel control.
  • the amount and sign of the additional setpoint are given the same and fixed for all connections.
  • the magnitude of the setpoint change itself can be a function of the respective, caused by the intrusion of the additional setpoint change of Panelleistun be determined g, whereby the operating point is first rapidly approximated to the MPP at large deviations between the maximum power point and the respective operating point.
  • the method can be carried out even more simply if the amount of the setpoint changes for all setpoint changes is given in the same and fixed manner, in particular the amount of the setpoint changes can be chosen to be smaller than the amount of the additional setpoint.
  • the change in the output panel power is preferably determined by differentially evaluating the steady state of the panel power before and after the additional setpoint is applied.
  • the actual power value (for example, slightly smoothed) that is in the stationary state is detected before a disturbance variable feed-in, immediately before the start of the disturbance variable feed-in into a memory, which places this temporarily stored actual value at the input of a differentiating element until, when the disturbance variable is applied, a steady-state actual power value is set, which then inputs the differentiating element instead of temporarily stored actual power value is switched on.
  • an unchangeable setpoint can be specified as soon as the power output falls below a set minimum value.
  • FIG. 1 shows the course of the current-voltage characteristic of a solar generator and the dependence of the panel power on the degree of freedom of the arrangement.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device for carrying out the method and
  • FIG. 3 shows the most important part of an evaluation circuit for detecting the partial power change.
  • FIG. 4 shows the control of the individual switching elements of the device.
  • the relationship between the output voltage U (panel voltage) of a solar generator and the current I drawn (panel current) is plotted in FIG. Furthermore, the solar power P, ie the product of the panel voltage and panel current, is shown.
  • the solar power P has a pronounced maximum P opt , to which the values U opt and I opt of the two electrical state variables U and I correspond on the U / I state diagram.
  • the diagrams shown which differ slightly even for different panels of the same type, are measured with an irradiation of 930 W / m 2 , an ambient temperature of 24 0 C and a panel temperature of 36 ° C. If these external, non-electrical parameters are changed, different diagrams result.
  • the optimum operating point which is given by U opt and I opt , is set automatically.
  • a solar generator 1 feeds a consumer 3 via an electrical power transformer 2.
  • the power transformer is designed as a DC controller and serves as a charge controller of a battery 3.
  • the terminal voltage of the battery changes only very slightly during a disturbance variable connection, so that the electrical power supplied to the battery and which is taken from the solar generator via the DC controller is practically proportional is the charging current of the battery, which can be measured on the measuring cell 4.
  • the input voltage of the battery is also used to supply the operating voltage for the control unit 6 of the DC chopper and the further control devices via a power supply unit 5.
  • the aim of the control according to the invention is to determine the state variable U (in this case, the panel voltage) as the reference variable for the arrangement to the optimum operating point U opt regulate what happens by changing the pulse-pause ratio of the switch contained in the DC chopper 2.
  • the current flowing through the actuator 2 as the manipulated variable of the system is changed in such a way that it corresponds to the desired working point.
  • the device operates at an operating point which deviates from the optimum power point (maximum power point MPP), which is due to the voltage U o is given and is permanently set on an adjusting device 7a in the setpoint generator.
  • the arrangement can be operated in a controlled manner, but regulation can also be provided.
  • the control deviation between the setpoint value U o and an actual value for the panel voltage picked up by means of a corresponding measuring element 9 can be formed on a comparison element 8 in order to obtain the control variable of the control device 6 of the actuator 2.
  • a time step 10 now generates a disturbance variable (additional setpoint ßU ') which is temporarily applied as a surge voltage to the setpoint U o set on the setpoint generator, for example on the comparator 8. If the sign of the additional setpoint ⁇ U' is negative, it results in that in FIG shown case U 0 ⁇ U opt for a decrease in the panel power P emitted by the solar generator.
  • the sign of this power change ⁇ P ' which is given by the difference between the panel power P o given at the set operating point U 0 and the panel power caused by the disturbance variable connection ⁇ U', thus indicates the direction in which U 0 must be changed in order to come closer to U opt .
  • An evaluation circuit 11 the time derivative of the before and evaluates the panel power output during the feedforward control, therefore determines the change in the power output of the solar generator caused by the connection.
  • the setpoint value U o supplied by the setpoint generator is then changed.
  • the setpoint generator 7 advantageously contains an integrator 7b, to which two antiparallel Zener diodes are connected in parallel in order to limit the voltage.
  • the evaluation circuit 11 contains at its output a limit value indicator 12 which provides the sign of the power change in the form of a digital signal and inputs it into a memory, for example a flip-flop circuit 13.
  • the memory output is connected in such a way that a positive or negative voltage ⁇ U 0 (corresponding to an increase or decrease in the power) of a constant amount is provided in accordance with the stored signal.
  • the time stage 10 closes a switch 14 between the memory 13 and the integrator 7, so that the integrator is now briefly connected to the voltage provided by the memory as an input voltage with a sign corresponding to the sign of the differential power change.
  • the setpoint U 0 is thus changed by a constant, predetermined correction amount ⁇ U 0 after each connection.
  • ⁇ U 0 After a finite number of such correction steps, each consisting of a temporary activation of the additional setpoint ⁇ U 'and a then there is a permanent setpoint change by ⁇ U 0 , the maximum power point MPP is reached and with all further connections, the operating point can only oscillate slightly around this optimal working point.
  • the sign and amount of the additional setpoint value ⁇ U ' is fixed in the given case by the time step 10. Because of the very sensitive differential detection of the change in power, ⁇ U 'can be chosen such that the change in the output voltage U caused by the disturbance variable application is 1% to a maximum of 1% of the voltage U opt in the MPP.
  • the setpoint change ⁇ U 0 is determined by the closing time of the switch 14 and is advantageously chosen such that ⁇ U 0 is somewhat smaller than AU '.
  • the time stage 10 also controls a switching device consisting of two switches 16a and 16b within the evaluation circuit 11.
  • a current measuring element is sufficient for the evaluation circuit 11 to detect the power output of the DC voltage source, since the terminal voltage of the consumer, that is to say the battery input voltage, when open - And switching off the disturbance variable remains practically constant and a slow change in the terminal voltage dependent on the state of charge of the battery is of no importance for the differential power change.
  • current and voltage must be recorded and multiplied with one another in order to record the power or its differential change.
  • the switch 16a which is opened immediately before or at least when the additional setpoint starts to be connected, connects the measuring element 4 (or a downstream actual-value smoothing element 17 with a small time constant) to a memory, in which the memory before the activation measured value of the power output belonging to a steady state of the panel is stored. Even before the end of the connection, as soon as the arrangement has settled to a new stationary value belonging to U O + ⁇ U ', the switch 16 is closed again and the memory contains the new stationary measured value.
  • a differentiating element is connected downstream of the memory, wherein the memory and differentiating element can be combined to form a common differentiating device 18, which is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the memory and the switch interact in such a way that at the input of the differentiating element the respective power measured value before opening the switch, with the switch open the measured value measured and stored immediately before the disturbance variable is applied and after the switch is closed again the measured value, now U0 + ⁇ U ' belonging measured value are supplied. Since these measured values are obtained in steady-state conditions, the differentiator therefore only detects the disturbance-related change in the steady-state power P stat or its change ⁇ P stat , which is present as a voltage surge after the switch 16a is closed again and is differentiated. The differential change in the stationary power output of the DC voltage is therefore present at the output of the differentiating element 18.
  • the capacitor 31 connected upstream of an operational amplifier 30 acts as a memory which charges when the highly insulating switch 16 is closed in accordance with the input signal applied and retains this charge virtually unchanged until the switch 16 is closed again.
  • the operational amplifier 30 is designed via the capacitance 31 and the resistor 34 as a differentiator and via the RC circuit 33, 34 as additional smoothing.
  • the switch 16 b, the one Control signal Sl is controlled and actuated together with the switch 16a, prevents currents from flowing out of the differentiating device 17 into a downstream smoothing element 18 during the opening time of 16a.
  • This smoothing element 18 can consist, for example, of a passive low-pass filter and an active smoothing element and serve to smooth a superimposed AC component of the differentiator output voltage, which results from harmonics of the actual power value.
  • the limit value detector 12 already mentioned detects the sign of this (smoothed) change in power and leads, via the connection already described, by means of the elements 13 and 14 to readjusting the correction setpoint U corr or the setpoint U 0 by the voltage ⁇ U 0 .
  • a further limit value indicator 19 is provided, which checks the actual value of the output power for falling below a minimum value, closes a bypass switch 20 on the integrator 7 and thus disengages the means for adjusting the setpoint value U 0 as soon as the output power of the solar generator is so low that a perfect detection in the evaluation circuit 11 is no longer possible.
  • connection of the additional setpoint ⁇ U 'and readjustment of the setpoint takes place in work cycles which are specified by the time control circuit 10.
  • the duration of such a cycle can e.g. Amount to 2 seconds and are divided into 256 time steps by a corresponding oscillator with a downstream counter.
  • the oscillator 21 can be matched to the actuator cycle.
  • the Oszil lator pulses the addresses of a memory 22 are controlled in succession, in which the corresponding control pulses for the tracking control are stored for each time step.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the course of the corresponding control signals as a function of the time steps n.
  • the initially closed switching device 16a, 16b is opened (control signal S1) and immediately thereafter the additional setpoint value ⁇ U 'of the additive point 8 is applied (voltage S2). If the panel has settled to a steady state actual power value in accordance with the new voltage setpoint U 0 + ⁇ U ', the switching device 16 is closed, with the connection of ⁇ U' maintained. The input voltage of the differentiating element 17 thereby jumps to the new actual power value and a pulse arises at the differentiator output and the smoothing element 18, the sign of which is evaluated by the threshold value element 12.
  • the memory 13 is opened briefly with the control signal S3 and the pending output signal of the threshold value element 12 is stored for the duration of one cycle. Subsequently, the disturbance variable connection ⁇ U 'is ended and the correction of the setpoint Ukorr begins.
  • the output of the memory is given to the integrator 7b for a fixed correction time, the output voltage U corr of which changes by the voltage time area ⁇ U 0 associated with the signal S4.
  • the control of the DC chopper shown here primarily acts on the transmitted current via the pulse-pause control, the voltage being set according to the load resistance.
  • the control of the DC chopper shown here primarily acts on the transmitted current via the pulse-pause control, the voltage being set according to the load resistance.
  • other power converters can also be used.
  • the device thus makes it possible to track the working point to the optimum working point, all displacements of the optimal working point being taken into account automatically.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
EP83102274A 1982-03-31 1983-03-08 Dispositif pour régler automatiquement le point de fonctionnement optimal d'une source de tension continue Expired EP0090212B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102274T ATE31983T1 (de) 1982-03-31 1983-03-08 Vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen einstellen des optimalen arbeitspunktes einer gleichspannungsquelle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823212022 DE3212022A1 (de) 1982-03-31 1982-03-31 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen einstellen des optimalen arbeitspunktes einer gleichspannungsquelle
DE3212022 1982-03-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0090212A2 true EP0090212A2 (fr) 1983-10-05
EP0090212A3 EP0090212A3 (en) 1984-11-28
EP0090212B1 EP0090212B1 (fr) 1988-01-13

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EP83102274A Expired EP0090212B1 (fr) 1982-03-31 1983-03-08 Dispositif pour régler automatiquement le point de fonctionnement optimal d'une source de tension continue

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US (1) US4510434A (fr)
EP (1) EP0090212B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58182726A (fr)
AT (1) ATE31983T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3212022A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0144262A1 (fr) * 1983-12-02 1985-06-12 FRANKLIN ELECTRIC Co., Inc. Système d'adaptation de puissance électrique
WO1987000312A1 (fr) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-15 Allan Russell Jones Circuit de commande electronique
EP0665483A2 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif pour l'ajustement automatique du point de fonctionnement optimal pour l'operation d'un utilisateur d'une source de tension
AT409674B (de) * 1999-03-22 2002-10-25 Felix Dipl Ing Dr Himmelstoss Verfahren zur erfassung der messdaten von solargeneratoren zur bestimmung des punktes maximaler leistung
AT413610B (de) * 2000-02-01 2006-04-15 Felix Dipl Ing Dr Himmelstoss Verfahren zum betrieb von nichtlinearen quellen im punkt maximaler leistung
AT413611B (de) * 2000-02-07 2006-04-15 Felix Dipl Ing Dr Himmelstoss Ansteuerverfahren zum betrieb nichtlinearer quellen im punkt maximaler leistung mit analogem zwischenspeicher
EP2393192A1 (fr) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-07 Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives Circuit convertisseur et système électronique comportant un tel circuit
CN102707619A (zh) * 2012-05-25 2012-10-03 深圳市中兴昆腾有限公司 太阳能最大功率点追踪所用模糊控制器及方法
AT509824B1 (de) * 2010-04-29 2014-02-15 Werner Atzenhofer Vorrichtung zur erzeugung thermischen energie
WO2015110400A1 (fr) * 2014-01-22 2015-07-30 Sma Solar Technology Ag Onduleur notamment en tant que partie d'un dispositif mixte de génération d'énergie et procédé

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US4614879A (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-09-30 Pulstar Corporation Pulsed motor starter for use with a photovoltaic panel
US4649334A (en) * 1984-10-18 1987-03-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method of and system for controlling a photovoltaic power system
JPS61239312A (ja) * 1985-04-15 1986-10-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 太陽光発電装置
WO1988004801A1 (fr) * 1986-12-19 1988-06-30 Stuart Maxwell Watkinson Appareil de transfert de puissance electrique
DE4030494C1 (en) * 1990-09-26 1992-04-23 Helmut 6753 Enkenbach De Jelonnek Solar power generator setter - has indicator in centre of concentric circles calibrated in ambient temperatures
AT401976B (de) * 1993-04-08 1997-01-27 Sassmann Alfred Anordnung zur einregelung der leistungsabgabe von solarzellenanlagen
JPH0962387A (ja) * 1995-08-29 1997-03-07 Canon Inc 電池電源の電力制御方法及び装置並びに電池電源システム
US5747967A (en) * 1996-02-22 1998-05-05 Midwest Research Institute Apparatus and method for maximizing power delivered by a photovoltaic array
DE19846818A1 (de) * 1998-10-10 2000-04-13 Karl Swiontek Maximumregler
DE10216691A1 (de) * 2002-04-16 2003-11-06 Ballard Power Systems System zur Einstellung einer Brennstoffzellenanlage
US7087332B2 (en) * 2002-07-31 2006-08-08 Sustainable Energy Systems, Inc. Power slope targeting for DC generators
DE10248447A1 (de) * 2002-10-17 2004-04-29 Badische Stahl-Engineering Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Impedanzanpassung
BRPI0520424A2 (pt) * 2005-07-20 2009-05-05 Ecosol Solar Technologies Inc dispositivo que utiliza saìda de potência de conjunto fotovoltaico e método para utilizar saìda de potência proveniente de um dispositivo de conjunto fotovoltaico que possui um conjunto capacitor
US7808125B1 (en) 2006-07-31 2010-10-05 Sustainable Energy Technologies Scheme for operation of step wave power converter
US8031495B2 (en) * 2007-06-04 2011-10-04 Sustainable Energy Technologies Prediction scheme for step wave power converter and inductive inverter topology
DE102010000350B4 (de) 2010-02-10 2023-10-05 Adkor Gmbh Energieversorgungssystem mit regenerativer Stromquelle und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Energieversorgungssystems
WO2013063175A1 (fr) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 K Cameron Circuit de conditionnement d'énergie pour porter au maximum l'énergie fournie par un générateur non linéaire
US11634264B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2023-04-25 Va-Q-Tec Ag Foil-wrapped vacuum insulation element

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FR2175653A1 (fr) * 1972-03-17 1973-10-26 Labo Cent Telecommunicat
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EP0029743A1 (fr) * 1979-11-26 1981-06-03 Solarex Corporation Procédé et appareil pour maximiser la puissance obtenue d'un panneau solaire

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0144262A1 (fr) * 1983-12-02 1985-06-12 FRANKLIN ELECTRIC Co., Inc. Système d'adaptation de puissance électrique
WO1987000312A1 (fr) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-15 Allan Russell Jones Circuit de commande electronique
EP0665483A2 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif pour l'ajustement automatique du point de fonctionnement optimal pour l'operation d'un utilisateur d'une source de tension
EP0665483A3 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1997-09-17 Ant Nachrichtentech Dispositif pour l'ajustement automatique du point de fonctionnement optimal pour l'operation d'un utilisateur d'une source de tension.
AT409674B (de) * 1999-03-22 2002-10-25 Felix Dipl Ing Dr Himmelstoss Verfahren zur erfassung der messdaten von solargeneratoren zur bestimmung des punktes maximaler leistung
AT413610B (de) * 2000-02-01 2006-04-15 Felix Dipl Ing Dr Himmelstoss Verfahren zum betrieb von nichtlinearen quellen im punkt maximaler leistung
AT413611B (de) * 2000-02-07 2006-04-15 Felix Dipl Ing Dr Himmelstoss Ansteuerverfahren zum betrieb nichtlinearer quellen im punkt maximaler leistung mit analogem zwischenspeicher
AT509824B1 (de) * 2010-04-29 2014-02-15 Werner Atzenhofer Vorrichtung zur erzeugung thermischen energie
EP2393192A1 (fr) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-07 Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives Circuit convertisseur et système électronique comportant un tel circuit
FR2961040A1 (fr) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Circuit convertisseur et systeme electronique comportant un tel circuit
US8659283B2 (en) 2010-06-04 2014-02-25 Commissariat A L'energies Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Converter circuit
CN102707619A (zh) * 2012-05-25 2012-10-03 深圳市中兴昆腾有限公司 太阳能最大功率点追踪所用模糊控制器及方法
WO2015110400A1 (fr) * 2014-01-22 2015-07-30 Sma Solar Technology Ag Onduleur notamment en tant que partie d'un dispositif mixte de génération d'énergie et procédé
CN106463969A (zh) * 2014-01-22 2017-02-22 艾思玛太阳能技术股份公司 逆变器、尤其是作为发电复合电网的部件的逆变器和方法
CN106463969B (zh) * 2014-01-22 2019-09-17 艾思玛太阳能技术股份公司 用于将发电机的dc功率转换成电网兼容的ac功率的逆变器和方法

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JPS58182726A (ja) 1983-10-25
ATE31983T1 (de) 1988-01-15
EP0090212A3 (en) 1984-11-28
DE3212022A1 (de) 1983-10-06
EP0090212B1 (fr) 1988-01-13
DE3375336D1 (en) 1988-02-18
US4510434A (en) 1985-04-09

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