Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/564—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for pre-existing immune complex or autoimmune disease, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid factors or complement components C1-C9
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
  • G01N2800/10—Musculoskeletal or connective tissue disorders
  • G01N2800/101—Diffuse connective tissue disease, e.g. Sjögren, Wegener's granulomatosis
  • G01N2800/102—Arthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis, i.e. inflammation of peripheral joints

Definitions

• the invention is directed to compositions and methods of detecting monoclonal antibodies and to assay systems based on such, methods. More particularly, the invention can be applied in analysis of biological fluids, such as serum or urine, to determine the antibody, antigen and/or antigen-antibody complex content of such fluids.
• Antigens are proteins or other structures which may be present due to bacteria or virus or due to their release from human tissue or cancer cells.
• Antibodies are predominantly immunoglobulins of the IgM or IgG class, synthesized by the lymphoid system. An antibody is said to be specific to a particular antigen, as the antibody will complex with its specific antigen. That complex formation between the antigen and its specific antibody is the basis of present analysis of biological fluids for detection of antigens, antibodies and complexes thereof.
• assays Various techniques for detecting antibody, antigen and antibody-antigen complex content in biological fluids are known and are referred to assays.
• the quantification techniques are referred as "immuno-assay" procedures.
• One of such assays depends on the reaction of an antigen-antibody complex, with Rheumatoid factor (RF) or with components of complement (C); such an assay was apparently first described by Agnello et al, J. Exp. Med., 134, 228, 1971 and later developed in U.S..Patent Nos. 4,062,935 and 4,143,124.
• a new art is developing based on the discovery that antibody forming cells, plasma cells, can be immortalized and can then produce unlimited amounts of the antibody, specifically the monoclonal antibody.
• fusion of antibody forming cells from mammals, such as mice and rates leads to the immortalization of the antibody forming cell, a plasma cell, and the ability to obtain unlimited amounts of its antibody, otherwise referred as" monoclonal antibody.
• This development has greatly altered the way in which antigens-will be assayed in the future.
• Research units are now producing monoclonal antibodies to a variety of antigens.
• at least two techniques have been developed to detect the binding of conventional or monoclonal antibodies to the desired antigen.
• the conventional or monoclonal antibody is reacted with bound antigen, antigen bound, for example, to plastic dishes or beads; then the mixture is washed to remove unbound antibody; the anti-immunoglobulin reagent is added, and then the mixture is washed again to remove unbound anti immunoglobulin reagent.
• the anti-immunoglobulin reagent can be iodinated (I 125 ) or coupled with an alkaline phos phatase or peroxidase for detection in an Elisa System, described in the literature by Engvall, E. and Perlmann, Journal of Immunology, Vol. 109, pg. 129 (1972).
• Detec tion in an Elisa System involves having an enzyme coupled to the conventional anti-immunoglobulin reagent.
• the addition and degradation of the enzyme substrate can be measured photometrically.
• the color developed is proportional to the amount of unknown antibody present in the test solution.
• a second technique involves labeling a monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin antibody, either by internal labeling (C 14 ) or external labeling (I 125 , alkaline phosphatase, etc.) and using it to detect the first antibody.
• C 14 internal labeling
• I 125 alkaline phosphatase, etc.
• Both techniques for detecting the unknown conventional or monoclonal antibody involve cumbersome wash procedures which decrease efficiency and potentially decrease accuracy of the technique.
• the latter technique requires the use of a scintillation counter for all isotope tagged samples and requires tagging or labeling an enormous number of reagents.
• the invention is directed to compositions and methods for detecting either conventional or monoclonal antibodies bound to antigens.
• the reagent used for detection includes monoclonal Rheumatoid antibodies.
• the methods of the invention involving the use of monoclonal Rheumatoid antibodies obviate multiple wash stages in the assay. Moreover, the methods of the invention are highly specific and selective with respect to the antigen to be detected. Recalibration of the reagent, in accordance with the invention, is substantially, if not completely, eliminated, and the invention allows quantitative antigen assays.
• Rheumatoid antibodies are circulating antibodies that react with sites on activated immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin bound to its antigen). Parenthetically, they are called Rheumatoid factors (RF) because they were originally discovered in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• RF Rheumatoid factors
• the methods of detecting conventional or monoclonal. antibodies involve inducing conformational changes in the respective antibodies to produce sites which will bind Rheumatoid antibodies and providing monoclonal Rheumatoid antibodies which will bind at such sites.
• the methods of the invention differ from each other in the step of detecting the binding of monoclonal Rheumatoid antibodies to those sites.
• Those sites can be produced by combining the conventional or monoclonal antibody with its specific antigen to form an activated antigen antibody complex, which expressed the site that allows the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to bind.
• the invention provides an assay, a method of analyzing a biological fluid sample for conventional or monoclonal antibody, for antigen or for monoclonal antibody-antigen complex content thereof which includes the step of adding to the sample, before or after the addition of other reagents, a solution containing monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to bind with the antigen:antibody complex.
• the assay method includes providing a source of antigen, such as a sample of biological fluid, for detecting the presence of a specific antigen therein; adding to the antigen source an amount of conventional or monoclonal anti body specific to the antigen to be detected to allow the formation of the complex between said monoclonal antibody and its specific antigen; and adding a known amount of monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to bind with a complex of said monoclonal antibody and its specific antigen.
• a source of antigen such as a sample of biological fluid
• the method includes detecting the binding of the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to said complex.
• the methods of the invention differ with respect to the means of detecting the binding of the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to said complex, as will be seen in the following discussion.
• the methods of producing the monoclonal antibody generally involve fusion of anti- body-forming cells which are plasma cells to hybridoma tumors , leading to the immortalization of the plasma cell and the ability to obtain unlimited amounts of its antibody, i.e. the monoclonal antibody.
• tissue culture cell lines which secrete monoclonal anti-sheep red blood cell antibodies were made by the fusion of a mouse myeloma and mouse spleen cells from an immunized donor and described in NATURE, Vol. 256, pp. 495-497 (August 7, 1975) by Kohler et al.
• the method involves adding an amount of the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to the antigen source, prior to, during or after addition of the conventional or monoclonal antibody specific to the antigen to be detected, to allow binding of the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to the complexed antigen.
• a known amount of monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody is generally used, and preferably that amount is in excess of that amount needed to bind to all antigen antibody complexes.
• the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody will be used in solution form, although the invention embraces its use in insolubilized form.
• the amount of antibody specific to the antigen to be detected is used in an amount in excess of that amount necessary to complex all of that antigen.
• the amounts of specific conventional or monoclonal antibody and of monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody are preferably in excess of those amounts necessary to complex all antigen to be detected and to bind the said complex, it is understood that determination of the presence or the absence of the antigen to be detected is not critically dependent on those amounts; for non-quantitative determination, those amounts are only dependent on the sensitivity of the equipment used in detection.
• the invention includes other additional ways of detecting the binding of monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to the com plex. Accordingly, those agglomerates can be centrifuged and washed and the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody content of the agglomerate measured.
• the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody bound to the complex can be undertaken in the following ways.
• the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody may be measured directly if it is labeled, tagged and/or contains a developing marker, all of which can be detected by conventional means.
• the monoclonal Rheumatoid anti- body may contain internal C 14 or I 125 labeling or a fluorescent or a co-enzyme label.
• Preparation of monoclonal antibodies containing radioactive isotopes is described in Hybridoma Technology with Special Reference to Parasitic Diseases, pg. 73 (for 3 H ) and 74 (for C 14 ).
• the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody bound to the antigen-antibody complex may be detected by a scintillation counter or a spectrophotometer.
• the agglomerate may be treated with a substrate for detection in the Elisa System.
• the binding of the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody to complexed antibody may be detected by complement (C) or complement component activation.
• C complement
• complement component activation is the primary humoral mediator of antigen-antibody reactions and consists of at least 15 chemically and immunologically distinct serum proteins which may interact with each other, with antibody and with cell membrane.
• Activation of the complement system is well document, e.g., "Basic and Clinical Immunology,” second edition, Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, California, pp. 66-77 (1978).
• detection can be based on the capacity of certain monoclonal Rheumatoid antibodies (1) to undergo conformational changes on binding and (2) to induce, in the presence of complement, activation of complement components.
• activation of the complement can be measured by providing a substrate which undergoes changes as a direct result of activation and .measurable by conventional means.
• the changes may be enzymatic and/or visible color or fluorescent changes which can be measured by spectrophotometers.
• certain peptides generate a fluorescent compound, amino methyl coumarin, such as the 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, upon cleavage by enzymes generated during complement activa tion; cleavage of the substrate can be followed by measuring absorbance- of the coumarin derivative at 360 nM in a Cary 219 spectrophotometer, J. Immun. , Vol. 126, No. 5, pp. 1963-1965 (1981).
• the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody bound to the complexed monoclonal antibody need not be isolated for treatment with complement; but rather the complement may be added directly to it as it forms, prior to, during or after addition of said substrate.
• Complement and complement component are produced from serum components.
• Fresh animal serum contains the essential complement proteins necessary for such assays. Alternatively, such components are available for purchase. Buxted Rabbit Complement Co., East Grinstead, England is such a commercial supplier.
• the monoclonal Rheumatoid antibody which undergoes conformational changes which induce complement activation are, Human IgM, IgG 1 , IgG 2 , IgG 3 ; Mouse IgM, IgG2 a , IgG 2b ; Rabbit; as well as antibodies from other species.
• the methods described herein provide quick means for antigen or monoclonal antibody detection.
• the method obviates recalibration of reagents used in said detection, obviates multiple wash stages and obviates variations in specificity of the reagent compositions.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
• Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23172713

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1982
  • 1982-09-14 EP EP19820903100 patent/EP0089367A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-09-14 WO PCT/US1982/001245 patent/WO1983001118A1/en unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events