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EP0080690B1 - Method of extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-power circuit breakers - Google Patents

Method of extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-power circuit breakers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0080690B1
EP0080690B1 EP19820110829 EP82110829A EP0080690B1 EP 0080690 B1 EP0080690 B1 EP 0080690B1 EP 19820110829 EP19820110829 EP 19820110829 EP 82110829 A EP82110829 A EP 82110829A EP 0080690 B1 EP0080690 B1 EP 0080690B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
arc
extinguishing
plasma
shock wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820110829
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0080690A3 (en
EP0080690A2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dr. Sc. Nat. Hess
Hold Dr. Rer. Nat. Dienemann
Ekkehard Dr.-Ing. Anke
Heinz Dr.-Ing. Hänisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VEB ELEKTROPROJEKT UND ANLAGENBAU BERLIN
Original Assignee
VEB Elektroprojekt und Anlagenbau Berlin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DD23528981A external-priority patent/DD206859A1/en
Priority claimed from DD24126482A external-priority patent/DD225259A2/en
Application filed by VEB Elektroprojekt und Anlagenbau Berlin filed Critical VEB Elektroprojekt und Anlagenbau Berlin
Publication of EP0080690A2 publication Critical patent/EP0080690A2/en
Publication of EP0080690A3 publication Critical patent/EP0080690A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0080690B1 publication Critical patent/EP0080690B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-performance switches, in which higher pressures are used at least at the time when the switching contacts are disconnected in the switching chamber of the high-voltage high-performance switch.
  • the pressurized extinguishing gas required for this is either taken from a container filled with pressurized gas, or the extinguishing gas flow is caused by the with a movable switch contact Switching distance connected pistons generated within the high-voltage circuit breaker itself.
  • the flowing quenching gas absorbs energy from the arc and dissipates it.
  • only a fraction of the total energy dissipated remains in the switching chamber at the time of the voltage recovery. Nevertheless, at higher voltages the switching path re-ignites due to insufficient dielectric solidification of the medium, which limits the switching voltage.
  • High-voltage circuit breakers are also known, in which the extinguishing agent flow is generated by means of the energy content of the arc itself, by liquid or solid substances being decomposed, but it has been shown that it has not been possible with these or with all other known high-voltage circuit breakers to turn off the current within a half wave. Furthermore, these known high-voltage circuit breakers also have the disadvantage that the voltage that can be switched off per switching chamber is too low.
  • the invention has for its object to provide methods for extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-performance switches in which, using higher pressures in the switching chamber, a more effective cooling of the switching arc plasma and a faster dielectric solidification of the switching path is achieved and the current can be switched off within a half-wave without re-ignition is.
  • An effective extinguishing of the arc without re-ignition in a high-voltage high-performance switch with a movable and a fixed switching contact when synchronously switching off alternating currents can advantageously be achieved in that the piston is axially at the time of zero current crossing with respect to the switching contacts by igniting a cartridge in the compression tube shot in, the connection between the switching contacts is interrupted at this time and then the switching arc plasma is removed via a controllable valve from the discharge space of the switching chamber. The still existing plasma is strongly compressed by the piston, so that the piston reverses after its energy has been released. Upon return of the piston, cold insulating gas is also advantageously sucked into the switching path via the controllable valve and the piston is pushed back into its starting position, explosion gases being simultaneously removed from the compression tube.
  • An increase in the cooling rate of the high-pressure plasma can be achieved in that when a certain pressure is exceeded or as a function of a control signal in the switching chamber, a membrane or a valve is opened and expansion into an expansion chamber located at approximately normal pressure is made possible.
  • a cold gas of high dielectric strength is advantageously let into the switching chamber after falling below a predetermined pressure in the expansion phase.
  • the piston flying freely in the compression tube is expediently provided with insulating material against thermal and radiation loads.
  • the electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma is generated by means of a shock wave
  • this is preferably caused by blasting a membrane in front of the propellant tank of a switching chamber designed as a membrane push tube, after passing it past the switching contacts with the arrival of the rear contact surface of the shock wave plasma, its temperature and so that its conductivity also drops suddenly.
  • the temperature drops below room temperature.
  • the arc burning between the opening switching contacts can also be extinguished very effectively in this way.
  • an electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma is generated in a switching chamber 1 a few ms after receiving a control signal by rapid compression of the gas in the switching chamber with the aid of a pressure-driven piston 2 which is freely flying within a compression tube 3 takes over the current when opening the switch contacts 4, with a lower current density than in the case of independent discharge.
  • the free-flying piston 2 reverses.
  • the electrically highly conductive high pressure plasma in the switching chamber 1 relaxes and cools down. An increase in the cooling rate is achieved if, for example when a certain pressure in the switching chamber 1 is exceeded, a membrane 5 is opened which allows expansion into an expansion chamber 6 which is at normal pressure.
  • a cold gas of high dielectric strength is admitted into the switching chamber 1 via the pipeline 7 after falling below a predetermined pressure in the expansion phase.
  • the drive for the free-flying piston 2 can be filled with powder by a high-pressure gas surge from a propellant gas tank 8 or by igniting one (not shown) cartridge.
  • a shock wave 9 is sent a few ms after receiving a control signal through the switching chamber 1, which is generated by blowing up the membrane 10 in front of the propellant tank 8 of the switching chamber 1.
  • the switching chamber 1 is designed as a membrane shock tube through which the shock wave 9, which generates the high pressure plasma, passes.
  • an electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma is guided past the switching contacts 4 for a certain time, namely until the rear contact surface 11 of the shock wave 9 and thus the high-pressure plasma arrive.
  • the temperature of the electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma as can be seen from the temperature distribution, and thus also its conductivity, jumps, in such a way that the temperature falls below room temperature.
  • the damping vessel 13 provided at one end 12 of the switching chamber 1 designed as a membrane push tube prevents a reflected shock wave from returning to the switching chamber 1.
  • the duration of the high conductivity phase can be determined by selecting the pressures and the types of gas for the propellant gas and the test gas and by selecting the distance of the switching chamber 1 from the membrane 10.
  • the high pressure required for the propellant gas tank 8 is either maintained continuously or generated by strong, brief electrical discharge.
  • a piston 2 made of insulating material is injected axially to the arrangement of the switching contacts 4 by igniting a cartridge 14 (a) in such a way that it reaches the discharge gap at the time of zero current crossing (b).
  • the switching arc plasma 15 is then discharged from the discharge space via a controllable inlet and outlet valve 16 (c).
  • a controllable inlet and outlet valve 16 c
  • the gap between the piston 2 and the tube wall of the compression tube 3 must be sufficiently small and the length of the piston 2 must be dimensioned such that the dielectric load can be borne.
  • the compression tube 3 consists of electrically non-conductive material.
  • the plasma remaining in a certain residual volume is strongly compressed (d) so that the piston 2 reverses after its energy has been completely released. He sucks in cold gas via the controllable inlet and outlet valve 16 and thus leaves a sufficiently well-insulating medium in the switching path.
  • the cold gas returns the piston 2 to its initial position and locks it there; at the same time, explosion gases are discharged from the compression tube 3 via a controllable outlet valve 17 (e).
  • the magazine which contains the cartridges 14 for the piston drive is advanced.
  • the side of the piston 2 facing the switching arc plasma 15 must have a protective layer against thermal and radiation influences.
  • the piston movement can be used to shift the movable switching contact of the switching contacts 4 or support the shift.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Löschen des Lichtbogens in Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschaltern, bei dem zumindest zum Zeitpunkt der Trennung der Schaltkontakte in der Schaltkammer des Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschalters mit höheren Drücken gearbeitet wird.The invention relates to a method for extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-performance switches, in which higher pressures are used at least at the time when the switching contacts are disconnected in the switching chamber of the high-voltage high-performance switch.

Zum Löschen des beim Ausschalten hoher Ströme entstehenden Lichtbogens sind Verfahren bekannt, die simultan zum Trennvorgang der Schaltkontakte eine mit einer Strömung verbundene Druckerhöhung in der Schaltkammer des Hochspannungsleistungsschalters bewirken, die zu einer effektiven Abkühlung des Lichtbogenplasmas, zum Verlöschen des Lichtbogens beim Nulldurchgang des Stromes sowie zu einer dielektrischen Verfestigung der Schaltstrecke führen soll. Dabei wird der Lichtbogen mit einem Gas oder einem Gasgemisch wie z. B. Luft oder Schwefelhexafluorid, beströmt bzw. beblasen. Unabhängig davon, ob nun bei den bekannten Hochspannungsleistungsschaltern die Beblasung der Schaltstrecke vor oder nach der Trennung der Schaltkontakte einsetzt, wird das dazu erforderliche, unter Druck stehende Löschgas entweder einem mit Druckgas gefüllten Behälter entnommen, oder die Löschgasströmung wird durch die mit einem beweglichen Schaltkontakt der Schaltstrecke verbundenen Kolben innerhalb des Hochspannungsleistungsschalters selbst erzeugt. Dabei nimmt das strömende Löschgas Energie aus dem Lichtbogen auf und führt sie ab. Infolge der Strömung ist zum Zeitpunkt der Spannungswiederkehr nur noch ein Bruchteil der insgesamt abgeführten Energie in der Schaltkammer vorhanden. Dennoch kommt es bei höheren Spannungen zum Wiederzünden der Schaltstrecke aufgrund einer ungenügenden dielektrischen Verfestigung des Mediums, wodurch die Schaltspannung begrenzt ist. Es sind zwar auch Hochspannungsleistungsschalter bekannt, bei denen die Löschmittelströmung mittels des Energieinhaltes des Lichtbogens selbst erzeugt wird, indem flüssige oder feste Stoffe dabei zersetzt werden, aber es hat sich gezeigt, daß auch bei diesen sowie bei allen anderen bekannten Hochspannungsleistungsschaltern es bisher nicht möglich ist, den Strom innerhalb einer Halbwelle abzuschalten. Weiterhin sind auch diese bekannten Hochspannungsleistungsschalter mit dem Nachteil behaftet, daß die pro Schaltkammer abschaltbare Spannung zu gering ist.Methods for extinguishing the arc that arises when switching off high currents are known which, simultaneously with the disconnection process of the switching contacts, bring about a pressure increase in the switching chamber of the high-voltage circuit breaker which is associated with a flow and which effectively cool the arc plasma, extinguish the arc when the current passes zero, and also a dielectric solidification of the switching path. The arc is with a gas or a gas mixture such as. B. air or sulfur hexafluoride, or blown. Regardless of whether the known high-voltage circuit breakers are blown before or after the switch contacts have been disconnected, the pressurized extinguishing gas required for this is either taken from a container filled with pressurized gas, or the extinguishing gas flow is caused by the with a movable switch contact Switching distance connected pistons generated within the high-voltage circuit breaker itself. The flowing quenching gas absorbs energy from the arc and dissipates it. As a result of the flow, only a fraction of the total energy dissipated remains in the switching chamber at the time of the voltage recovery. Nevertheless, at higher voltages the switching path re-ignites due to insufficient dielectric solidification of the medium, which limits the switching voltage. High-voltage circuit breakers are also known, in which the extinguishing agent flow is generated by means of the energy content of the arc itself, by liquid or solid substances being decomposed, but it has been shown that it has not been possible with these or with all other known high-voltage circuit breakers to turn off the current within a half wave. Furthermore, these known high-voltage circuit breakers also have the disadvantage that the voltage that can be switched off per switching chamber is too low.

Obwohl es nach DD-C79061 auch schon bekannt ist, bei Hochspannungsleistungsschaltern mit höheren statischen Drücken in der Schaltkammer zu arbeiten, wobei Expansionseffekte ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden, sind auch diese . Hochspannungsleistungsschalter nicht dazu geeignet, den Strom innerhalb einer Halbwelle abzuschalten, da nur mit hohen Drücken zur Erhöhung der Durchschlagfestigkeit in der Schaltkammer gearbeitet wird und eine Expansion über eine verschließbare Öffnung lediglich zum schnellen Abtransport der ionisierten Teilchen genutzt werden soll. Auch hier ist die pro Schaltkammer abschaltbare Spannung zu gering.Although it is already known according to DD-C79061 to work with high static circuit breakers with higher static pressures in the switching chamber, whereby expansion effects are also taken into account, these are also. High-voltage circuit breakers are not suitable for switching off the current within a half-wave, since only high pressures are used to increase the dielectric strength in the switching chamber and expansion via a closable opening is only to be used for the rapid removal of the ionized particles. Here too, the voltage that can be switched off per switching chamber is too low.

Aus EP-A-57 371, die nach Art. 54 (3) -EPÜ als Stand der Technik gilt, ist ein Verfahren zum Löschen des Schaltlichtbogens in einer gasgefüllten Löschkammer von elektrischen Schaltern bekannt, bei dem vor und/oder während eines Schaltvorgangs durch innere oder äußere Mittel und/oder durch die freie Energie des brennenden Schaltlichtbogens in der Löschkammer ein Druckanstieg bis auf einen oberhalb des Instabilitätsbereichs eines nichtidealen Plasmas liegenden Wert herbeigeführt und nach Erreichen der dazu erforderlichen Druck- und Temperaturwerte während des Schaltvorgangs ein negativer, vom jeweils verwendeten Gas abhängiger Druckimpuls auf das nichtideale Plasma aufgebracht wird, so daß ein Phasenübergang von einem Plasma mit hoher Elektronendichte oberhalb des Instabilitätsbereichs zu einem Plasma mit niedriger, unterhalb des Instabilitätsbereichs liegender Elektronendichte eintritt. Bei diesem Verfahren übernimmt entsprechend das elektrisch gut leitende Hochddruckplasma in der Schaltkammer den Strom bei Öffnen der Schaltkontakte, worauf das Schaltlichtbogenplasma durch Entspannen des Hochdruckplasmas wirksam gelöscht wird.From EP-A-57 371, which is state of the art according to Art. 54 (3) EPC, a method for extinguishing the switching arc in a gas-filled quenching chamber of electrical switches is known, in which before and / or during a switching operation internal or external means and / or by the free energy of the burning switching arc in the quenching chamber causes a pressure rise to a value above the instability range of a non-ideal plasma and, after reaching the required pressure and temperature values during the switching process, a negative one from the one used Gas-dependent pressure pulse is applied to the non-ideal plasma, so that a phase transition occurs from a plasma with a high electron density above the instability range to a plasma with a low electron density below the instability range. In this method, the electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma in the switching chamber takes over the current when the switching contacts are opened, whereupon the switching arc plasma is effectively extinguished by relaxing the high-pressure plasma.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Verfahren zum Löschen des Lichtbogens in Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschaltern anzugeben, bei denen unter Anwendung höherer Drücke in der Schaltkammer eine effektivere Abkühlung des Schaltlichtbogenplasmas und eine schnellere dielektrische Verfestigung der Schaltstrecke erreicht wird und der Strom innerhalb einer Halbwelle ohne Wiederzündung abschaltbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide methods for extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-performance switches in which, using higher pressures in the switching chamber, a more effective cooling of the switching arc plasma and a faster dielectric solidification of the switching path is achieved and the current can be switched off within a half-wave without re-ignition is.

Die Aufgabe wird gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The object is achieved according to claims 1 and 2. The dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.

Das erste erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Löschen des Lichtbogens in Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschaltern umfaßt folgende Schritte :

  • A) Kurzzeitiges Erzeugen eines elektrisch gut leitenden Hochdruckplasmas mittels eines in einem Kompressionsrohr frei fliegenden Kolbens,
  • B) Öffnen der Schaltkontakte unter Übernahme des Stroms durch das Hochdruckplasma und
  • C) Löschen des Schaltlichtbogens durch Entspannung des Hochdruckplasmas durch Umkehrung der Bewegungsrichtung des frei fliegenden Kolbens.
The first method according to the invention for extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-power switches comprises the following steps:
  • A) Short-term generation of an electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma by means of a piston freely flying in a compression tube,
  • B) opening the switching contacts taking over the current through the high pressure plasma and
  • C) extinguishing the switching arc by relieving the high pressure plasma by reversing the direction of movement of the free-flying piston.

Das zweite Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung umfaßt folgende Schritte :

  • A') Kurzzeitiges Erzeugen eines elektrisch gut leitenden Hochdruckplasmas mittels einer Stoßwelle,
  • B') Öffnen der Schaltkontakte unter Übernahme des Stroms durch das Hochdruckplasma und
  • C') Löschen des Schaltlichtbogens nach Vorbeiführen der hinteren Kontaktfläche des Stoßwellenplasmas infolge sprunghafter Abnahme der Temperatur und damit der Leitfähigkeit des Stoßwellenplasmas.
The second method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
  • A ') brief generation of an electrically highly conductive high pressure plasma by means of a shock wave,
  • B ') opening the switching contacts taking over the current through the high pressure plasma and
  • C ') extinguishing the switching arc after forward lead to the rear contact surface of the shock wave plasma as a result of a sudden drop in temperature and thus the conductivity of the shock wave plasma.

Durch die Umkehrung der Bewegungsrichtung des frei fliegenden Kolbens nach Erreichen der maximalen Kompression wird das elektrisch gut leitende Hochdruckplasma in der Schaltkammer entspannt und dabei abgekühlt.By reversing the direction of movement of the free-flying piston after the maximum compression has been reached, the electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma in the switching chamber is relaxed and thereby cooled.

Vorteilhaft läßt sich ein wirksames Löschen des Lichtbogens ohne Wiederzünden in einem Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschalter mit einem beweglichen und einem feststehenden Schaltkontakt beim synchronen Abschalten von Wechselströmen dadurch erreichen, daß der Kolben zum Zeitpunkt des Stromnulldurchgangs axial in Bezug auf die Schaltkontakte durch Zünden einer Kartusche in das Kompressionsrohr eingeschossen, die Verbindung zwischen den Schaltkontakten zu diesem Zeitpunkt unterbrochen und anschließend das Schaltlichtbogenplasma über ein steuerbares Ventil aus dem Entladungsraum der Schaltkammer entfernt wird. Das noch vorhandene Plasma wird dabei durch den Kolben stark komprimiert, so daß der Kolben nach Abgabe seiner Energie umkehrt. Beim Rücklauf des Kolbens wird ferner günstigerweise über das steuerbare Ventil kaltes Isoliergas in die Schaltstrecke gesaugt und der Kolben in seine Ausgangsposition zurückgeschoben, wobei gleichzeitig Explosionsgase aus dem Kompressionsrohr abgeführt werden.An effective extinguishing of the arc without re-ignition in a high-voltage high-performance switch with a movable and a fixed switching contact when synchronously switching off alternating currents can advantageously be achieved in that the piston is axially at the time of zero current crossing with respect to the switching contacts by igniting a cartridge in the compression tube shot in, the connection between the switching contacts is interrupted at this time and then the switching arc plasma is removed via a controllable valve from the discharge space of the switching chamber. The still existing plasma is strongly compressed by the piston, so that the piston reverses after its energy has been released. Upon return of the piston, cold insulating gas is also advantageously sucked into the switching path via the controllable valve and the piston is pushed back into its starting position, explosion gases being simultaneously removed from the compression tube.

Eine Steigerung der Abkühlrate des Hochdruckplasmas kann dadurch erreicht werden, daß bei Überschreiten eines bestimmten Druckes oder in Abhängigkeit von einem Steuersignal in der Schaltkammer eine Membran oder ein Ventil geöffnet und eine Expansion in eine etwa auf Normaldruck befindliche Expansionskammer ermöglicht wird. Um die Durchschlagsfestigkeit der Schaltstrecke zu erhöhen, wird vorteilhaft nach Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Druckes in der Expansionsphase ein kaltes Gas hoher dielektrischer Festigkeit in die Schaltkammer eingelassen.An increase in the cooling rate of the high-pressure plasma can be achieved in that when a certain pressure is exceeded or as a function of a control signal in the switching chamber, a membrane or a valve is opened and expansion into an expansion chamber located at approximately normal pressure is made possible. In order to increase the dielectric strength of the switching path, a cold gas of high dielectric strength is advantageously let into the switching chamber after falling below a predetermined pressure in the expansion phase.

Der im Kompressionsrohr frei fliegende Kolben ist zweckmäßigerweise mit isolierendem Material gegen thermische und Strahlungsbelastung versehen.The piston flying freely in the compression tube is expediently provided with insulating material against thermal and radiation loads.

Ein Vorteil des oben erläuterten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, daß die Spannungsfestigkeit mit einem im Kompressionsrohr frei beweglichen Schaltkontakt gegenüber einem im Kompressionsrohr beweglich angeordneten Schaltkontakt in herkömmlicher Ausführung wesentlich günstiger ist, da selbst bei kleinem Rohrdurchmesser der nunmehr frei bewegliche Schaltkontakt praktisch beliebig weit ausgefahren werden kann, was im anderen Falle nur durch größeren Rohrdurchmesser zu erreichen wäre.An advantage of the method according to the invention explained above is that the dielectric strength with a switching contact which is freely movable in the compression tube is considerably cheaper than a switching contact arranged conventionally in the compression tube, since even with a small tube diameter the now freely moving switching contact extends practically any distance can be what would otherwise only be achieved by larger pipe diameter.

Wird gemäß dem zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das elektrisch gut leitende Hochdruckplasma mittels einer Stoßwelle erzeugt, wird diese vorzugsweise durch Sprengen einer Membran vor dem Treibgastank einer als Membranstoßrohr ausgebildeten Schaltkammer verursacht, nach deren Vorbeiführung an den Schaltkontakten mit dem Eintreffen der hinteren Kontaktfläche des Stoßwellenplasmas seine Temperatur und damit auch seine Leitfähigkeit sprunghaft abnimmt. Dabei fällt die Temperatur unter Raumtemperatur. Das bedeutet für die elektrische Leitfähigkeit eine Abnahme um mindestens acht Größenordnungen. Der zwischen den sich öffnenden Schaltkontakten brennende Lichtbogen kann auf diese Weise ebenfalls sehr wirkungsvoll gelöscht werden.If, according to the second method according to the invention, the electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma is generated by means of a shock wave, this is preferably caused by blasting a membrane in front of the propellant tank of a switching chamber designed as a membrane push tube, after passing it past the switching contacts with the arrival of the rear contact surface of the shock wave plasma, its temperature and so that its conductivity also drops suddenly. The temperature drops below room temperature. For electrical conductivity, this means a decrease of at least eight orders of magnitude. The arc burning between the opening switching contacts can also be extinguished very effectively in this way.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von drei Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezug auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of three exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 : Eine schematische Darstellung eines Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschalters, bei dem gemäß der Erfindung das elektrisch gut leitende Hochdruckplasma durch einen frei fliegenden Kolben erzeugt wird :
  • Figur 2 : eine schematische Darstellung eines Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschalters, bei dem gemäß der Erfindung das elektrisch gut leitende Hochdruckplasma durch eine Stoßwelle erzeugt wird, die durch Sprengen einer Membran vor dem Treibgastank verursacht wird, wobei gleichzeitig die örtliche Temperaturverteilung schematisch dargestellt ist, und
  • Figur 3 : eine weitere schematische Darstellung eines Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschalters im Schnitt in verschiedenen Arbeitszuständen a-e, die den Verfahrensablauf zur Löschung des Lichtbogenplasmas durch einen frei fliegenden Kolben im Kompressionsrohr bei einer beweglichen Anordnung eines der Schaltkontakte erläutern.
Show it :
  • Figure 1: A schematic representation of a high-voltage high-performance switch, in which according to the invention the electrically highly conductive high pressure plasma is generated by a free-flying piston:
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a high-voltage high-performance switch, in which according to the invention the electrically highly conductive high pressure plasma is generated by a shock wave, which is caused by the blasting of a membrane in front of the propellant tank, the local temperature distribution being shown schematically, and
  • Figure 3: a further schematic representation of a high-voltage high-performance switch in section in different working states ae, which explain the procedure for extinguishing the arc plasma by a free-flying piston in the compression tube with a movable arrangement of one of the switch contacts.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschalter wird in einer Schaltkammer 1 wenige ms nach Erhalt eines Steuersignals durch schnelle Kompression des Gases in der Schaltkammer mit Hilfe eines druckgetriebenen, innerhalb eines Kompressionsrohres 3 frei fliegenden Kolbens 2 ein elektrisch gut leitendes Hochdruckplasma erzeugt, das den Strom beim Öffnen der Schaltkontakte 4 übernimmt, und zwar mit einer geringeren Stromdichte als im Falle der selbständigen Entladung. Nach Erreichen der maximalen Kompression kehrt der frei fliegende Kolben 2 um. Das elektrisch gut leitende Hochdruckplasma in der Schaltkammer 1 entspannt'sich und kühlt dabei ab. Eine Steigerung der Abkühlrate wird erreicht, wenn beispielsweise bei Überschreiten eines bestimmten Druckes in der Schaltkammer 1 eine Membran 5 geöffnet wird, die eine Expansion in eine Expansionskammer 6 erlaubt, die sich auf Normaldruck befindet. Soll die Durchschlagfestigkeit der Schaltstrecke erhöht werden, so wird nach Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Druckes in der Expansionsphase ein kaltes Gas hoher dielektrischer Festigkeit über die Rohrleitung 7 in die Schaltkammer 1 eingelassen. Der Antrieb für den frei fliegenden Kolben 2 kann durch einen Hochdruckgasstoß aus einem Treibgastank 8 oder aber durch Zündung einer (nicht dargestellten) mit Pulver gefüllten Kartusche bewirkt werden.In the high-voltage high-performance switch shown in FIG. 1, an electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma is generated in a switching chamber 1 a few ms after receiving a control signal by rapid compression of the gas in the switching chamber with the aid of a pressure-driven piston 2 which is freely flying within a compression tube 3 takes over the current when opening the switch contacts 4, with a lower current density than in the case of independent discharge. After the maximum compression is reached, the free-flying piston 2 reverses. The electrically highly conductive high pressure plasma in the switching chamber 1 relaxes and cools down. An increase in the cooling rate is achieved if, for example when a certain pressure in the switching chamber 1 is exceeded, a membrane 5 is opened which allows expansion into an expansion chamber 6 which is at normal pressure. If the dielectric strength of the switching path is to be increased, a cold gas of high dielectric strength is admitted into the switching chamber 1 via the pipeline 7 after falling below a predetermined pressure in the expansion phase. The drive for the free-flying piston 2 can be filled with powder by a high-pressure gas surge from a propellant gas tank 8 or by igniting one (not shown) cartridge.

Bei dem Hochspannungs-Hochleistungsschalter nach Fig. 2 wird wenige ms nach Erhalt eines Steuersignals eine Stoßwelle 9 durch die Schaltkammer 1 geschickt, die durch Sprengen der Membran 10 vor dem Treibgastank 8 der Schaltkammer 1 erzeugt wird. Dabei ist die Schaltkammer 1 als Membranstoßrohr ausgebildet, durch das die Stoßwelle 9, die das Hochdruckplasma erzeugt, hindurchläuft. Dadurch wird für eine bestimmte Zeit, und zwar bis zum Eintreffen der hinteren Kontaktfläche 11 der Stoßwelle 9 und damit des Hochdruckplasmas, ein elektrisch gut leitendes Hochdruckplasma an den Schaltkontakten 4 vorbeigeführt. Mit dem Eintreffen der hinteren Kontaktfläche 11 nimmt die Temperatur des elektrisch gut leitenden Hochdruckplasmas, wie der Temperaturverteilung zu entnehmen ist, und damit auch seine Leitfähigkeit sprunghaft ab, und zwar derart, daß die Temperatur unter Raumtemperatur fällt. Durch das am einen Ende 12 der als Membranstoßrohr ausgebildeten Schaltkammer 1 vorgesehene Dämpfungsgefäß 13 wird verhindert, daß eine reflektierte Stoßwelle zur Schaltkammer 1 zurückkehrt. Die Dauer der Phase hoher Leitfähigkeit kann durch Wahl der Drücke und der Gasarten für das Treibgas und das Testgas sowie durch Wahl der Entfernung der Schaltkammer 1 von der Membran 10 bestimmt werden. Der für den Treibgastank 8 benötigte hohe Druck wird entweder ständig aufrechterhalten oder durch starke, kurzzeitige elektrische Entladung erzeugt. Gemäß Fig. 3 wird nach Erhalt eines Steuersignals ein Kolben 2 aus isolierendem Material axial zur Anordnung der Schaltkontakte 4 durch Zündung einer Kartusche 14 so eingeschossen (a), daß er zum Zeitpunkt des Stromnulldurchgangs die Entladungsstrecke erreicht (b). Danach wird das Schaltlichtbogenplasma 15 über ein steuerbares Ein- und Auslaßventil 16 aus dem Entladungsraum abgelassen (c). Dazu müssen der Spalt zwischen dem Kolben 2 und der Rohrwand des Kompressionsrohrs 3 hinreichend klein und die Länge des Kolbens 2 so bemessen sein, daß die dielektrische Belastung getragen werden kann.2, a shock wave 9 is sent a few ms after receiving a control signal through the switching chamber 1, which is generated by blowing up the membrane 10 in front of the propellant tank 8 of the switching chamber 1. The switching chamber 1 is designed as a membrane shock tube through which the shock wave 9, which generates the high pressure plasma, passes. As a result, an electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma is guided past the switching contacts 4 for a certain time, namely until the rear contact surface 11 of the shock wave 9 and thus the high-pressure plasma arrive. With the arrival of the rear contact surface 11, the temperature of the electrically highly conductive high-pressure plasma, as can be seen from the temperature distribution, and thus also its conductivity, jumps, in such a way that the temperature falls below room temperature. The damping vessel 13 provided at one end 12 of the switching chamber 1 designed as a membrane push tube prevents a reflected shock wave from returning to the switching chamber 1. The duration of the high conductivity phase can be determined by selecting the pressures and the types of gas for the propellant gas and the test gas and by selecting the distance of the switching chamber 1 from the membrane 10. The high pressure required for the propellant gas tank 8 is either maintained continuously or generated by strong, brief electrical discharge. According to FIG. 3, after receiving a control signal, a piston 2 made of insulating material is injected axially to the arrangement of the switching contacts 4 by igniting a cartridge 14 (a) in such a way that it reaches the discharge gap at the time of zero current crossing (b). The switching arc plasma 15 is then discharged from the discharge space via a controllable inlet and outlet valve 16 (c). For this purpose, the gap between the piston 2 and the tube wall of the compression tube 3 must be sufficiently small and the length of the piston 2 must be dimensioned such that the dielectric load can be borne.

Dazu ist es erforderlich, daß das Kompressionsrohr 3 aus elektrisch nicht leitendem Material besteht. Das in einem bestimmten Restvolumen verbleibende Plasma wird stark komprimiert (d), so daß der Kolben 2 nach vollständiger Abgabe seiner Energie umkehrt. Dabei saugt er kaltes Gas über das steuerbare Ein- und Auslaßventil 16 an und hinterläßt so in der Schaltstrecke ein hinreichend gut isolierendes Medium. Durch das kalte Gas wird der Kolben 2 wieder in seine Ausgangslage gebracht und dort arretiert ; gleichzeitig werden Explosionsgase aus dem Kompressionsrohr 3 über ein steuerbares Auslaßventil 17 abgeführt (e). Zugleich wird das Magazin weitergestellt, das die Kartuschen 14 zum Kolbenantrieb enthält. Die dem Schaltlichtbogenplasma 15 zugewandte Seite des Kolbens 2 muß eine Schutzschicht gegen thermische und Strahlungseinflüsse tragen. In der hier erläuterten Variante mit axialem Einschuß kann die Kolbenbewegung zur Verschiebung des beweglichen Schaltkontaktes der Schaltkontakte 4 ausgenutzt werden bzw. die Verschiebung unterstützen.For this it is necessary that the compression tube 3 consists of electrically non-conductive material. The plasma remaining in a certain residual volume is strongly compressed (d) so that the piston 2 reverses after its energy has been completely released. He sucks in cold gas via the controllable inlet and outlet valve 16 and thus leaves a sufficiently well-insulating medium in the switching path. The cold gas returns the piston 2 to its initial position and locks it there; at the same time, explosion gases are discharged from the compression tube 3 via a controllable outlet valve 17 (e). At the same time, the magazine which contains the cartridges 14 for the piston drive is advanced. The side of the piston 2 facing the switching arc plasma 15 must have a protective layer against thermal and radiation influences. In the variant explained here with an axial weft, the piston movement can be used to shift the movable switching contact of the switching contacts 4 or support the shift.

Claims (8)

1. A method of extinguishing the arc in high voltage high power circuit breakers comprising the following steps :
(A) momentarily generating an electrically highly conductive high pressure plasma by means of a free-floating piston (2) in a compression tube (3),
(B) opening the switch contacts and taking up the current by the high pressure plasma, and
(C) extinguishing the switching arc in relieving the high pressure plasma by reversal of the direction of movement of the freely floating piston (2) (Figs. 1, 3).
2. Method of extinguishing the arc in high voltage high power circuit breakers comprising the following steps :
(A') momentarily generating an electrically highly conductive high pressure plasma by means of a shock wave,
(B') opening the switching contacts and taking up the current by the high pressure plasma, and
(C') extinguishing the switching arc after guidance of the rear contact area (11) of the shock wave plasma (9) past the arc due to spontaneous drop of the temperature and thus of the conductivity of the shock wave plasma (9).
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the shock wave in step (A') is generated by the bursting of a membrane (10).
4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that reflexion of the shock wave into the switching chamber (1) is prevented by an attenuating vessel (13) provided at the end thereof.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (C), if a predetermined pressure is exceeded, or if in response to a control signal a membrane (5) or a valve is opened in the switching chamber (1), expansion is effected into an expansion chamber (6) where substantially normal pressure prevails.
6. Method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that in step (C), after the pressure in the expansion phase drops below a predetermined level, cold insulating gas of high dielectric strength is admitted into the switching chamber (1 ).
7. Method according to one of claims 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that in step (A) the freely floating piston (2) is propelled into the switching path of the compression tube (3) directly at zero current by ignition of a cartridge.
8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the freely floating piston (2) is returned into its initial position by the cold insulating gas.
EP19820110829 1981-12-01 1982-11-23 Method of extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-power circuit breakers Expired EP0080690B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD23528981A DD206859A1 (en) 1981-12-01 1981-12-01 METHOD FOR DELETING THE ARC IN HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH PERFORMANCE SWITCHES
DD235289 1981-12-01
DD241264 1982-06-30
DD24126482A DD225259A2 (en) 1982-06-30 1982-06-30 METHOD FOR DELETING A LIGHT ARCH IN HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH PERFORMANCE SWITCHES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0080690A2 EP0080690A2 (en) 1983-06-08
EP0080690A3 EP0080690A3 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0080690B1 true EP0080690B1 (en) 1988-07-06

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DE (1) DE3278747D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2644624B1 (en) * 1989-03-17 1996-03-22 Merlin Gerin ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELF-EXPANSION AND INSULATING GAS
US5016475A (en) * 1989-09-20 1991-05-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Wiredrawing apparatus including an ultrasonic flaw detector

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1490021B2 (en) * 1964-04-02 1971-06-16 Marx, Erwin, Prof Dr Ing Dr Ing E h, 3300 Braunschweig ELECTRIC FLUID SWITCH
SU736374A1 (en) * 1977-06-06 1980-05-25 Предприятие П/Я Р-6517 Method and device for dc cutout
US4250365A (en) * 1978-03-22 1981-02-10 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Current interrupter for fault current limiter and method
EP0057371B1 (en) * 1981-01-30 1986-04-16 Institut "Prüffeld für elektrische Hochleistungstechnik" Method for extinguishing electric arcs and high voltage power circuit breaker

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EP0080690A3 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0080690A2 (en) 1983-06-08
DE3278747D1 (en) 1988-08-11

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