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EP0072909A2 - Method for manufacturing a metal intermediate layer - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a metal intermediate layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0072909A2
EP0072909A2 EP82106244A EP82106244A EP0072909A2 EP 0072909 A2 EP0072909 A2 EP 0072909A2 EP 82106244 A EP82106244 A EP 82106244A EP 82106244 A EP82106244 A EP 82106244A EP 0072909 A2 EP0072909 A2 EP 0072909A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suspension
intermediate layer
metal powder
pressing
pressing surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82106244A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0072909B1 (en
EP0072909A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr.-Ing. Hüther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines AG
Original Assignee
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP0072909A2 publication Critical patent/EP0072909A2/en
Publication of EP0072909A3 publication Critical patent/EP0072909A3/en
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Publication of EP0072909B1 publication Critical patent/EP0072909B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3084—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers the blades being made of ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B22F7/064—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts using an intermediate powder layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3092—Protective layers between blade root and rotor disc surfaces, e.g. anti-friction layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an intermediate layer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to methods for producing the intermediate layer according to the invention.
  • the rotor blades including their feet, or additionally the rotor disk made of ceramic material.
  • One of the main problems is the connection of the ceramic blade, i.e. of her ceramic foot, too, with the rotor disc, i.e. So in the blade attachment.
  • the types of said groove are known, i.e.
  • the groove generally runs in its longitudinal direction either as a single groove for a foot parallel to the rotor axis or obliquely as in the case of a helical gear or coaxially as an annular groove for all blades or feet of the blade ring.
  • the foot is usually dovetail-shaped or pine-cone-shaped in a cut perpendicular to the longitudinal and insertion direction of the groove in such a way that the above-mentioned, generally planar wings (bearing surfaces) of the foot and the groove, which in this cut have the same shape has, like the foot and into which it is inserted, lie at an acute angle to the rotor-radial foot median plane running in that direction. This flank angle is generally 30 to 75 °. As a result, the wings are pressed obliquely when the centrifugal forces of the rotor blade act.
  • a major difficulty lies in the fact that the brittle, non-plastically deformable ceramic blade, ie its foot or its wings, does not lie or rest along the groove on the wings thereof, which is due to inevitable manufacturing inaccuracies thing is. This often leads to local stress increases, which reduces the breaking speed or the permissible centrifugal load on the blade.
  • One way to reduce or eliminate this disadvantage is to insert a metal foil between the wings.
  • This film by being plastically deformed, at least largely compensates for the manufacturing inaccuracies mentioned and ensures an at least reasonably uniform introduction of force, so that a higher breaking speed or the like and a longer service life can be achieved for the blade.
  • the film reduces the friction between the foot and the groove, so that the risk is reduced that the blade or its foot is jammed in the groove by temperature changes and experiences additional stress.
  • the rotor disc becomes hot during operation, which causes the groove to widen and the blade to move radially outwards, and when it cools, the blade, if the foil is not provided, does not go back due to the friction and the groove width decreases and exerts additional tension on the shovel or its foot.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce or eliminate these disadvantages and. is solved according to the invention by the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the covering according to the invention builds up or the two coverings according to the invention reduce stress peaks better because this covering or these coverings is more easily deformable than the film by the pressing of the pressing surfaces. Furthermore, the covering or the coverings can be produced with little effort, and the covering adheres firmly to the pressing surface or the two pressing surfaces or the coverings adhere firmly to the two pressing surfaces.
  • the covering or the coverings take the place of the film, so that there is no longer any installation difficulty with a small shovel or small foot. There is also no more slipping of the film.
  • the metal powder suspension mentioned in the invention is applied to the pressing surface or surfaces, where it dries up.
  • a solid portion of the non-metallic component of the suspension can escape, and the coating then remains. It consists of the metal of the metal powder.
  • the metal powder granules have an average grain size of in particular 0.1 ⁇ m to 54 ⁇ m.
  • the invention is generally applied when the pressing or joining point is exposed to thermal stress in addition to the pressing surface pressure.
  • the invention can also be advantageously used when the Press or joint is under pressure of a fluid; the pressing or joining point is generally better sealed with the covering or coverings according to the invention than with the film.
  • the intermediate layer according to the invention is particularly hooked on pressing surfaces, engaging behind or the like. applied to the blade attachments mentioned, where the pressing by pulling then takes place, in these blade attachments by the blade centrifugal force. But it can also e.g. can be used against each other without snagging.
  • the metals or metal mixtures mentioned in claim 2 are the preferred. Which metal or which metal mixture is chosen depends on the operating temperature of the press or joint to be provided with the covering. Regarding the non-metallic constituent of the suspension, claims 3 are generally followed. Furthermore, the suspension is usually thin. Furthermore, the suspension can be applied easily. It is often brushed on.
  • the non-metallic component of the suspension must not have an oxidizing effect on the metal powder when heated.
  • a reducing effect e.g. with the rosin.
  • the intermediate layer e.g. proceeded according to claim 4, but preferably according to claim 5.
  • the capillary forces mentioned in claim 5 bring about a complete filling of the space with the suspension. If one proceeds according to claim 5, manufacturing inaccuracies are largely compensated for even without plastic deformation of the covering, as a result of which stress peaks are reduced particularly effectively. If the procedure is as claimed in claim 7, a coating is formed which largely resists oxidation. Metals oxidizing in air are e.g. Nickel or titanium.
  • the direction mentioned is designated by 10, the middle plane mentioned by 11.
  • the direction 10 runs - see FIG. 2 - obliquely to the circumferential direction - arrow 17 - of the rotor disk 13.
  • the ceramic base 15 of the ceramic axial vane and the associated groove 18 of the metallic rotor disk 13 together with two shown exaggeratedly thick for better visibility, metallic intermediate linings 14 said axial blade attachment.
  • At the foot 15 there is a broken waist-like waiter gear part 16 and on this, which is not shown, a blade platform and the blade on; the SchaufeY D consists of all these parts in one piece.
  • wing 19 is somewhat narrower than the wing 20 and is located at full load of the axial gas turbine as shown in Fig. 1 on both sides at a small distance from the longitudinal edges of the wings 20.
  • a metal powder suspension with a paint as non-metallic constituent is brushed on the outside of the space between the wings 19 and 20 on the long side 23 thereof, and the capillary forces completely fill this space with this suspension.
  • the fill is air dried, i.e. the solvent of the paint evaporates.
  • the dried fill is then heated by the fluid flowing into the bladed flow space, so that the solid portion of the lacquer escapes.
  • the intermediate covering 14 adheres firmly to the wings 19 and 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Diese befindet sich zwischen insbesondere schräg gepreßten Preßflächen zweier Preßflächenträger, von denen zumindest der eine aus Keramik besteht, vorzugsweise zwischen Tragflächen einer Axiallaufschaufelbefestigung einer Turbomaschine. Es sollen die Nachteile einer Folie zumindest vermindert werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Zwischenlage mindestens ein aus einer Metallpulver-Suspension hergestellter Belag, das Pulver insbesondere aus Platin, Nickel oder Titan, Spannungsspitzen werden besser abgebaut, denn der Belag bzw. die Beläge ist bzw. sind beim Pressen der Preßflächen leichter verformbar als die Folie. Ferner gibt es bei kleinen Teilen keine Montargeschwierigkeiten und kein Verrutschen wie bei der Folie. Der nichtmetallische Bestandteil der Suspension ist insbesondere Lack. Sein fester Anteil entweicht durch Erhitzen. Vorzugsweise wird zusammengebaut und die Suspension seitlich aufgetragen, wonach sie durch Kapillarkräfte einfließt.This is located between, in particular, diagonally pressed pressing surfaces of two pressing surface carriers, at least one of which is made of ceramic, preferably between the wings of an axial blade attachment of a turbomachine. The disadvantages of a film should at least be reduced. According to the invention, the intermediate layer is at least one coating made from a metal powder suspension, the powder, in particular from platinum, nickel or titanium, stress peaks are better reduced, because the coating or the coatings are or are easier to deform when pressing the pressing surfaces than the film. Furthermore, there are no assembly problems with small parts and no slipping as with the film. The non-metallic component of the suspension is in particular paint. Its fixed part escapes through heating. It is preferably assembled and the suspension is applied laterally, after which it flows in by capillary forces.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Zwischenlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Zwischenlage.The invention relates to an intermediate layer according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to methods for producing the intermediate layer according to the invention.

Die Problematik im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung wird im folgenden bei der in diesem Oberbegriff bevorzugt angegebenen Axiallaufschaufelbefestigung dargelegt, ist jedoch auch allgemein vorhanden, wenn zumindest einer der beiden Preßflächenträger wenigstens im Preßflächenbereich, einschließlich Preßfläche, aus keramischem Werkstoff besteht.The problem in connection with the invention is set out below in the case of the axial blade attachment which is preferably specified in this preamble, but is also generally present if at least one of the two press surface supports, at least in the press surface region, including the press surface, consists of ceramic material.

Bei hohen Temperaturen des Fluids im beschaufelten Strömungskanal wünscht man sich oft die Laufschaufeln, einschließlich ihrer Füße, oder zusätzlich die Läuferscheibe aus keramischem Werkstoff. Eines der Hauptprobleme liegt dabei in der Verbindung der Keramikschaufel, d.h. ihres also auch keramischen Fußes, mit der Läuferscheibe, d.h. also in der Schaufelbefestigung.At high temperatures of the fluid in the bladed flow channel, it is often desirable to have the rotor blades, including their feet, or additionally the rotor disk made of ceramic material. One of the main problems is the connection of the ceramic blade, i.e. of her ceramic foot, too, with the rotor disc, i.e. So in the blade attachment.

Die Arten der genannten Nut sind bekannt, d.h. die Nut verläuft in ihrer Längsrichtung im allgemeinen entweder als Einzelnut für einen Fuß parallel zur Läuferachse oder schräg wie bei einem Schrägzahnstirnrad oder koaxial als Ringnut für sämtliche Schaufeln bzw. Füße des Schaufelkranzes. Wegen des keramischem Werkstoffs ist der Fuß in einem zur Nutlängs- und Fußeinschiebrichtung senkrechten Schnitt meist schwalbenschwanz- oder tannenzapfenförmig in der Art, daß die genannten, im allgemeinen ebenen Tragflächen (tragenden Flächen) des Fußes und der Nut, die in diesem Schnitt die gleiche Form hat wie der Fuß und in die dieser eingeschoben ist, unter einem spitzen Winkel zu-der in jener Richtung verlaufenden, läuferradialen Fuß-Mittelebene liegen. Dieser Flankenwinkel beträgt im allgemeinen 30 bis 75°. Dadurch sind übrigens die Tragflächen beim Wirken der Zentrifugalkräfte der Laufschaufel schräg gepreßt.The types of said groove are known, i.e. The groove generally runs in its longitudinal direction either as a single groove for a foot parallel to the rotor axis or obliquely as in the case of a helical gear or coaxially as an annular groove for all blades or feet of the blade ring. Because of the ceramic material, the foot is usually dovetail-shaped or pine-cone-shaped in a cut perpendicular to the longitudinal and insertion direction of the groove in such a way that the above-mentioned, generally planar wings (bearing surfaces) of the foot and the groove, which in this cut have the same shape has, like the foot and into which it is inserted, lie at an acute angle to the rotor-radial foot median plane running in that direction. This flank angle is generally 30 to 75 °. As a result, the wings are pressed obliquely when the centrifugal forces of the rotor blade act.

Im Fußbereich treten die höchsten mechanischen Belastungen der Laufschaufel im Betrieb durch die die Pressung der Tragflächen hervorrufende Fliehkraft der Laufschaufel auf, so daß die Belastbarkeit sogar hochfester Keramiken, wie z.B. von heißgepreßtem Siliziumnitrid (Si3N4), weitgehend ausgenutzt wird bzw. teilweise nicht ausreicht.In the foot area, the highest mechanical loads on the rotor blade occur during operation due to the centrifugal force of the rotor blade which causes the pressure on the wings, so that the load-bearing capacity of even high-strength ceramics, such as hot-pressed silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), is largely exploited or not partially is sufficient.

Eine Hauptschwierigkeit liegt darin, daß die spröde, nicht plastisch verformbare Keramikschaufel, d.h. ihr Fuß bzw. dessen Tragflächen, längs der Nut an deren Tragflächen nicht gleichförmig aufliegt bzw, aufliegen, was durch unvermeidliche Fertigungsungenauigkeiten bedingt ist. Dies führt häufig zu örtlichen Spannungs- überhöhungen, was die Bruchdrehzahl oder zulässige Fliehkraftbelastung der Schaufel verkleinert.A major difficulty lies in the fact that the brittle, non-plastically deformable ceramic blade, ie its foot or its wings, does not lie or rest along the groove on the wings thereof, which is due to inevitable manufacturing inaccuracies thing is. This often leads to local stress increases, which reduces the breaking speed or the permissible centrifugal load on the blade.

Eine Möglichkeit, diesen Nachteil zu vermindern oder zu beseitigen, besteht darin, zwischen die Tragflächen eine Folie aus Metall einzulegen. Diese Folie gleicht, indem sie plastisch verformt wird, die genannten Fertigungsungenauigkeiten zumindest zum Größten Teil aus und sorgt für eine zumindest einigermaßen gleichmäßige Krafteinleitung, so daß sich für die Schaufel eine höhere Bruchdrehzahl oder dgl. und eine größere Lebensdauer erreichen lassen.One way to reduce or eliminate this disadvantage is to insert a metal foil between the wings. This film, by being plastically deformed, at least largely compensates for the manufacturing inaccuracies mentioned and ensures an at least reasonably uniform introduction of force, so that a higher breaking speed or the like and a longer service life can be achieved for the blade.

Zusätzlich verringert die Folie die Reibung zwischen dem Fuß und der Nut, so daß sich die Gefahr verringert, daß die Schaufel bzw. ihr Fuß durch Temperaturwechsel in der Nut verklemmt wird und zusätzliche Belastung erfährt. Zur Erklärung dazu folgendes: Die Läuferscheibe wird im Betrieb heiß, wodurch sich die Nut verbreitert und die Schaufel radial nach außen wandert, und beim Abkühlen geht die Schaufel, wenn die Folie nicht vorgesehen ist, wegen der Reibung nicht zurück, und die Nutbreite verkleinert sich und übt auf die Schaufel bzw. ihren Fuß zusätzliche Spannung aus.In addition, the film reduces the friction between the foot and the groove, so that the risk is reduced that the blade or its foot is jammed in the groove by temperature changes and experiences additional stress. To explain this, the following: The rotor disc becomes hot during operation, which causes the groove to widen and the blade to move radially outwards, and when it cools, the blade, if the foil is not provided, does not go back due to the friction and the groove width decreases and exerts additional tension on the shovel or its foot.

Nachteilig ist bei der Folie folgendes: Es werden, obwohl die Folie sich durch plastische Verformungen anpaßt, durch Fertigungsungenauigkeiten hervorgerufene Spannungsspitzen im keramischen Fuß oder zusätzlich in der keramischen Läuferscheibe nur teilweise abgebaut. Ferner ist die Montage der Schaufel bzw. ihres Fußes und der Folie schwierig, wenn diese Teile klein sind. Des weiteren besteht die Gefahr, daß die Folie vor dem Betrieb oder während des Betriebs der Turbomaschine verrutscht.The following is a disadvantage of the film: although the film adapts due to plastic deformation, stress peaks in the ceramic base or additionally in the ceramic armature disc caused by manufacturing inaccuracies are only partially reduced. Furthermore, the assembly of the blade or its foot and the film is difficult if these parts are small. Furthermore there is a risk that the film will slip before or during operation of the turbomachine.

Die Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung besteht darin, diese Nachteile zu vermindern bzw. zu beseitigen u. wird erfindungsgemäß durch das Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Der erfindungsgemäße Belag baut bzw. die beiden erfindungsgemäßen Beläge bauen genannte Spannungsspitzen besser ab, weil dieser Belag bzw. diese Beläge durch das Pressen seitens der Preßflächen leichter verformbar ist bzw. sind als die Folie. Ferner ist der Belag bzw. sind die Beläge mit wenig Mühe herstellbar, und der Belag haftet fest an der Preßfläche oder den beiden Preßflächen bzw. die Beläge haften fest an den beiden Preßflächen.The object of the invention is to reduce or eliminate these disadvantages and. is solved according to the invention by the characterizing part of claim 1. The covering according to the invention builds up or the two coverings according to the invention reduce stress peaks better because this covering or these coverings is more easily deformable than the film by the pressing of the pressing surfaces. Furthermore, the covering or the coverings can be produced with little effort, and the covering adheres firmly to the pressing surface or the two pressing surfaces or the coverings adhere firmly to the two pressing surfaces.

Es tritt bzw. treten an die Stelle der Folie der Belag oder die Beläge, so daß es bei kleiner Schaufel bzw. kleinem Fuß keine Montageschwierigkeiten mehr gibt. Auch gibt es kein Folienverrutschen mehr.The covering or the coverings take the place of the film, so that there is no longer any installation difficulty with a small shovel or small foot. There is also no more slipping of the film.

Zur Herstellung des Belags wird die bei der Erfindung genannte Metallpulver-Suspension auf die Preßfläche bzw. -flächen aufgebracht, wo sie auftrocknet. Bei einem anschließenden Erhitzen der aufgetrockneten Suspension kann ein fester Anteil des nichtmetallischen Bestandteils der Suspension entweichen, und es bleibt dann der Belag zurück. Er besteht aus dem Metall des Metallpulvers. - Die Metallpulverkörnchen haben eine mittlere Korngröße von insbesondere 0,1 µm bis 54 µm.To produce the covering, the metal powder suspension mentioned in the invention is applied to the pressing surface or surfaces, where it dries up. When the dried suspension is subsequently heated, a solid portion of the non-metallic component of the suspension can escape, and the coating then remains. It consists of the metal of the metal powder. - The metal powder granules have an average grain size of in particular 0.1 µm to 54 µm.

Die Erfindung wird im allgemeinen dann angewendet, wenn die Preß- oder Fügestelle außer dem Preßflächendruck noch thermischer Belastung ausgesetzt ist. Die Erfindung kann auch vorteilhafterweise dann angewendet werden, wenn die Preß- oder Fügstelle unter Druck eines Fluids steht; die Preß- oder Fügestelle hält mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Belag bzw. den erfindungsgemäßen Belägen im allgemeinen besser dicht als mit der Folie.The invention is generally applied when the pressing or joining point is exposed to thermal stress in addition to the pressing surface pressure. The invention can also be advantageously used when the Press or joint is under pressure of a fluid; the pressing or joining point is generally better sealed with the covering or coverings according to the invention than with the film.

Die erfindungsgemäße Zwischenlage wird insbesondere bei Preßflächen verhakter, hintergreifender oder dgl. Preßflächenträger, wie z.B. bei den genannten Laufschaufelbefestigungen, angewendet, wo also dann die Pressung durch Gezogenwerden, bei diesen Laufschaufelbefestigungen durch die Laufschaufelzentrifugalkraft, zustande kommt. Sie kann aber auch z.B. bei Gegeneinanderdruck ohne Verhakung angewendet werden.The intermediate layer according to the invention is particularly hooked on pressing surfaces, engaging behind or the like. applied to the blade attachments mentioned, where the pressing by pulling then takes place, in these blade attachments by the blade centrifugal force. But it can also e.g. can be used against each other without snagging.

Im folgenden sind vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung bzw. der Suspension für die Erfindung angegeben - siehe auch die Unteransprüche 2 und 3.Advantageous embodiments of the invention or the suspension for the invention are specified below - see also subclaims 2 and 3.

Für das Metallpulver sind die im Anspruch 2 genannten Metalle oder Metallmischungen die bevorzugten. Welches Metall bzw. welche Metallmischung gewählt wird, richtet sich nach der Betriebstemperatur der mit dem Belag zu versehenden Preß- oder Fügestelle. Bezüglich des nichtmetallischen Bestandteils der Suspension richtet man sich im allgemeinen nach dem Anspruch 3. Des weiteren ist die Suspension meist dünnflüssig. Ferner läßt sich die Suspension leicht auftragen. Oft wird sie aufgepinselt.For the metal powder, the metals or metal mixtures mentioned in claim 2 are the preferred. Which metal or which metal mixture is chosen depends on the operating temperature of the press or joint to be provided with the covering. Regarding the non-metallic constituent of the suspension, claims 3 are generally followed. Furthermore, the suspension is usually thin. Furthermore, the suspension can be applied easily. It is often brushed on.

Sie trocknet z.B. in der Art eines Lacks an Luft ab. Der nichtmetallische Bestandteil der Suspension darf beim Erhitzen auf das Metallpulver nicht oxidierend wirken. Erwünscht ist eine reduzierende Wirkung, wie z.B. beim Kolophonium.It dries e.g. in the manner of a lacquer in air. The non-metallic component of the suspension must not have an oxidizing effect on the metal powder when heated. A reducing effect, e.g. with the rosin.

Zur Herstellung der Zwischenlage wird z.B. gemäß dem Anspruch 4, vorzugsweise aber gemäß des Anspruchs 5 vorgegangen. So erhält man einen auf einer Preßfläche oder den beiden Preßflächen haftenden Belag (Anspruch 4 oder 5) oder zwei auf den beiden Preßflächen haftende Beläge (Anspruch 4). Die im Anspruch 5 genannten Kapilarkräfte bewirken ein vollständiges Ausfüllen des genannten Zwischenraums mit der Suspension. Wird gemäß dem Anspruch 5 vorgegangen, werden Fertigungsungenauigkeiten bereits ohne plastische Verformung des Belags weitgehend ausgeglichen, wodurch Spannungsspitzen besonders wirkungsvoll abgebaut werden. Wird gemäß dem Anspruch 7 vorgegangen, entsteht ein Belag, der einer Oxidation weitgehend widersteht. An Luft oxidierende Metalle sind z.B. Nickel oder Titan.For the production of the intermediate layer e.g. proceeded according to claim 4, but preferably according to claim 5. In this way, one obtains a coating adhering to one pressing surface or the two pressing surfaces (claim 4 or 5) or two coatings adhering to the two pressing surfaces (claim 4). The capillary forces mentioned in claim 5 bring about a complete filling of the space with the suspension. If one proceeds according to claim 5, manufacturing inaccuracies are largely compensated for even without plastic deformation of the covering, as a result of which stress peaks are reduced particularly effectively. If the procedure is as claimed in claim 7, a coating is formed which largely resists oxidation. Metals oxidizing in air are e.g. Nickel or titanium.

In der Zeichnung ist Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung bei einer Axiallaufschaufelbefestigung an einer Läuferscheibe einer Axialgasturbine dargestellt.In the drawing, the embodiment of the invention is shown in the case of an axial blade attachment to a rotor disk of an axial gas turbine.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt dies in einem zur Nutlängs- und Fußeinschiebrichtung senkrechten Schnitt I-I, undFig. 1 shows this in a section perpendicular to the slot longitudinal and foot insertion direction I-I, and
  • Fig. 2 zeigt dies in einem zum Schnitt I-I und zurläuferradialen Fuß-Mittelebene senkrechten Ebene II-II.FIG. 2 shows this in a plane II-II perpendicular to section I-I and to the radial center plane of the foot.

Die genannte Richtung ist mit 10, die genannte Mittelebene mit 11 bezeichnet. Die Richtung 10 verläuft - siehe Fig. 2 - schräg zur Umfangsrichtung - Pfeil 17 - der Läuferscheibe 13. Im wesentlichen ergeben der keramische Fuß 15 der keramischen Axiallaufschaufel und die zugehörige Nut 18 der metallischen Läuferscheibe 13 zusammen mit zwei zur besseren Sicht übertrieben dick dargestellten, metallischen Zwischenbelägen 14 die genannten Axiallaufschaufelbefestigung. An den Fuß 15 schließt sich ein abgebrochen dargestellter, taillenartiger Obergangsteil 16 und an diesen, was nicht dargestellt ist, eine Schaufelplattform und daran das Schaufelblatt an; die SchaufeYDesteht einstückig aus allen diesen Teilen. Es weisen der Fuß 15 und die Nut 18 auf jeder Seite der Mittelebene 11 und soiegelbildlich zu ihr zwei miteinander korrespondierende, ebene, zueinander parallele Tragflächen 19 und 20 auf, die zur Mittelebene 11 unter einem Flankenwinkel α von etwa 400 verlaufen (siehe Fig. 1) und zwischen denen sich der Zwischenbelag 14 befindet. Jedes der beiden Tragflächenpaare 19, 20 ist wegen des Flankenwinkels α durch die radial wirkende Zentrifugalkraft - Pfeil 24 - schräg gepreßt. Die Tragflächen 19 und 20 erstrecken sich (siehe Fig: 2) von der einen Stirnseite 21 bis zur anderen Stirnseite 22 der Läuferscheibe 13. Der Zwischenbelag 14 erstreckt sich über diese gesamte Länge der Tragflächen 19 und 20 (Fig. 2) und die gesamte Breite der Tragfläche 19 und praktisch die gesamte Breite der Tragfläche 20 (Fig. 1). Die Tragfläche 19 ist etwas schmaler als die Tragfläche 20 und befindet sich bei Vollast der Axialgasturbine wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt beidseitig in kleinem Abstand von den Längskanten der Tragflächen 20. - Zur Herstellung des metallischen Zwischenbelags 14 wird eine Metallpulver-Suspension mit einem Lack als nichtmetallischem Bestandteil außen an dem zwischen den Tragflächen 19 und 20 befindlichen Zwischenraum auf der Längsseite 23 desselben aufgepinselt, und die Kappilarkräfte füllen diesen Zwischenraum mit dieser Suspension voll aus.The direction mentioned is designated by 10, the middle plane mentioned by 11. The direction 10 runs - see FIG. 2 - obliquely to the circumferential direction - arrow 17 - of the rotor disk 13. Essentially, the ceramic base 15 of the ceramic axial vane and the associated groove 18 of the metallic rotor disk 13 together with two shown exaggeratedly thick for better visibility, metallic intermediate linings 14 said axial blade attachment. At the foot 15 there is a broken waist-like waiter gear part 16 and on this, which is not shown, a blade platform and the blade on; the SchaufeY D consists of all these parts in one piece. There have the foot 15 and the groove 18 on each side of the midplane 11 and soiegelbildlich to her two mutually corresponding, planar, mutually parallel support surfaces 19 and 20 that the central plane 11 at a flank angle α extending from about 40 0 (see Fig. 1) and between which the intermediate covering 14 is located. Each of the two wing pairs 19, 20 is pressed obliquely because of the flank angle α by the radially acting centrifugal force - arrow 24. The wings 19 and 20 extend (see FIG. 2) from one end face 21 to the other end face 22 of the rotor disk 13. The intermediate covering 14 extends over this entire length of the wing faces 19 and 20 (FIG. 2) and the entire width of the wing 19 and practically the entire width of the wing 20 (Fig. 1). The wing 19 is somewhat narrower than the wing 20 and is located at full load of the axial gas turbine as shown in Fig. 1 on both sides at a small distance from the longitudinal edges of the wings 20. - To produce the metallic intermediate covering 14, a metal powder suspension with a paint as non-metallic constituent is brushed on the outside of the space between the wings 19 and 20 on the long side 23 thereof, and the capillary forces completely fill this space with this suspension.

Die Ausfüllung wird an Luft getrocknet, d.h. das Lösungsmittel des Lacks verdampft. Dann wird die getrocknete Ausfüllung durch das in beschaufelten Strömungsraum strömende Fluid erhitzt, so daß der feste Anteil des Lacks entweicht. Der Zwischenbelag 14 haftet fest an den Tragflächen 19 und 20.The fill is air dried, i.e. the solvent of the paint evaporates. The dried fill is then heated by the fluid flowing into the bladed flow space, so that the solid portion of the lacquer escapes. The intermediate covering 14 adheres firmly to the wings 19 and 20.

Claims (7)

1. Zwischenlage aus Metall zwischen insbesondere schräg gepreßten Preßflächen zweier Preßflächenträger, von denen zumindest einer wenigstens im Preßflächenbereich, einschließlich Preßfläche, aus keramischem Werkstoff besteht, vorzugsweise zwischen Tragflächen eines Axiallaufschaufelfußes und einer diesen Fuß aufnehmenden Nut eines Läuferteils einer Turbomaschine, insbesondere Gasturbine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenlage mindestens ein aus einer Metallpulver-Suspension hergestellter Belag (14) ist.1. Intermediate layer of metal between, in particular, obliquely pressed pressing surfaces of two pressing surface carriers, of which at least one consists at least in the pressing surface region, including the pressing surface, of ceramic material, preferably between the bearing surfaces of an axial blade root and a groove of a rotor part of a turbomachine, in particular gas turbine, receiving this foot that the intermediate layer is at least one covering (14) made from a metal powder suspension. 2. Zwischenlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Metallpulver aus Platin, Nickel, Chrom, Titan, Tantal, Kupfer, Magnesium oder Zink oder einer Mischung aus mindestens zwei dieser Metalle besteht.2. Intermediate layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal powder consists of platinum, nickel, chromium, titanium, tantalum, copper, magnesium or zinc or a mixture of at least two of these metals. 3. Zwischenlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nichtmetallische Bestandteil der genannten Suspension eine organische Flüssigkeit oder ein Lack oder eine lackartige oder - ähnliche Flüssigkeit, vorzugsweise Zapon- oder Nitrolack oder ein in Alkohol gelöstes Harz, wie z.B. Kolophonium, ist.3. Intermediate layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the non-metallic component of said suspension is an organic liquid or a lacquer or a lacquer-like or - similar Liquid, preferably zapon or nitro lacquer or a resin dissolved in alcohol, such as rosin. 4. Verfahren zu Herstellung der Zwischenlage nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Suspension auf eine der beiden oder beide Preßflächen (19,20) aufgetragen wird und dann die Preßflächenträger (13,15) zusammengebaut werden und diese Suspension getrocknet wird oder umgekehrt und gegebenenfalls die getrocknete Suspension erhitzt bzw. vor oder nach diesem Zusammenbau erhitzt wird.4. A method for producing the intermediate layer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said suspension is applied to one of the two or both pressing surfaces (19, 20) and then the pressing surface supports (13, 15) are assembled and this suspension is dried or vice versa and, if necessary, the dried suspension is heated or is heated before or after this assembly. 5. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Zwischenlage nach Anspruch 1,2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Preßflächenträger (13,15) zusammengebaut werden, die Suspension außen an dem zwischen den Preßflächen (19.20) befindlichen Zwischenraum aufgetragen wird und durch Kapillarkräfte in diesen Zwischenraum fließt und darauf die Suspension getrocknet und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich die getrocknete Suspension erhitzt wird.5. A method for producing the intermediate layer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the pressing surface supports (13, 15) are assembled, the suspension is applied externally to the intermediate space between the pressing surfaces (19.20) and by capillary forces into this intermediate space flows and then the suspension is dried and, if necessary, the dried suspension is additionally heated. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei nicht an Luft oxidierenden Metallen des Metallpulvers das genannte Trocknen und das genannte Erhitzen an Luft, bei an Luft oxidierenden Metallen des Metallpulvers das genannte Trocknen an Luft oder in einem Schutzgas und das genannte Erhitzen in einem Schutzgas durchgeführt wird.6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in the case of non-air-oxidizing metals of the metal powder said drying and heating in air, in air-oxidizing metals of the metal powder said drying in air or in a protective gas and said Heating is carried out in a protective gas. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei an Luft oxidierenden Metallen des Metallpulvers zur Herstellung eines oxidationsfesten genannten Belags (14) die aufgetragene Suspension in reduzierender Schutzgasatmosphäre auf etwa 60% bis etwa 95% der Schmelztemperatur des Metalls des Belags (14) erhitzt wird.7. The method according to claim 4,5 or 6, characterized in that in the case of air-oxidizing metals of the metal powder for producing an oxidation-resistant coating (14) the Sus applied Pension is heated in a reducing protective gas atmosphere to about 60% to about 95% of the melting temperature of the metal of the covering (14).
EP82106244A 1981-08-21 1982-07-13 Method for manufacturing a metal intermediate layer Expired EP0072909B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3133158 1981-08-21
DE3133158A DE3133158C1 (en) 1981-08-21 1981-08-21 Metal press liner and process for making the same

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EP0072909A2 true EP0072909A2 (en) 1983-03-02
EP0072909A3 EP0072909A3 (en) 1983-06-15
EP0072909B1 EP0072909B1 (en) 1986-11-26

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US (1) US4471008A (en)
EP (1) EP0072909B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3133158C1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0072909B1 (en) 1986-11-26
DE3133158C1 (en) 1982-12-16
EP0072909A3 (en) 1983-06-15
DE3274478D1 (en) 1987-01-15
US4471008A (en) 1984-09-11

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