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EP0069262B1 - Apparatus by which heat is transmitted through hollow fibres - Google Patents

Apparatus by which heat is transmitted through hollow fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0069262B1
EP0069262B1 EP82105358A EP82105358A EP0069262B1 EP 0069262 B1 EP0069262 B1 EP 0069262B1 EP 82105358 A EP82105358 A EP 82105358A EP 82105358 A EP82105358 A EP 82105358A EP 0069262 B1 EP0069262 B1 EP 0069262B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow filaments
hollow
filaments
layer
curved
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82105358A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0069262A1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Gemeinhardt
Alfred Dipl.-Ing. Trummer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzo Patente Te Wuppertal Bondsrepubliek Dui GmbH
Original Assignee
Akzo GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzo GmbH filed Critical Akzo GmbH
Priority to AT82105358T priority Critical patent/ATE10786T1/en
Publication of EP0069262A1 publication Critical patent/EP0069262A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0069262B1 publication Critical patent/EP0069262B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes
    • F28D7/0033—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being bent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05341—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0266—Particular core assemblies, e.g. having different orientations or having different geometric features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0273—Cores having special shape, e.g. curved, annular

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device in which heat is transferred from a first fluid to a second fluid through the wall of hollow filaments and in which the hollow filaments open into distributor or collecting pipes, which have connections for the fluid supply or discharge and with which the end sections of the hollow threads are connected to the outside in a fluid-tight manner by means of an investment material.
  • a heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset is known, in which the hollow filaments are arranged in two planes, the hollow filaments of each plane being arranged at equal distances from one another and running parallel to one another, and consequently being rectilinear, and in which the hollow filaments are disposed in common distribution or Collector pipes open, which have the connections for the fluid supply or discharge and can be designed as a support frame and with which the end sections of the hollow filaments are connected in a liquid-tight manner by means of an investment material.
  • the hollow filaments of the two levels are arranged at right angles to one another and touch at their crossing points.
  • this known heat exchanger has support rods for the hollow fibers, which are arranged at intervals from one another, run at right angles to the hollow fibers to be supported and are firmly connected to them at their crossing points.
  • the support rods have a larger diameter than the hollow threads.
  • This known heat exchanger has proven itself particularly well for heat transfer between a gaseous medium, for example air, which flows around the hollow filaments and a liquid medium, for example water which flows through the hollow filaments.
  • a gaseous medium for example air
  • a liquid medium for example water which flows through the hollow filaments.
  • the best results were achieved when the gaseous medium flowed around the hollow fibers perpendicular to their longitudinal axis, i.e. transversely.
  • this known heat exchanger is used outdoors at high wind speeds, problems occasionally occurred due to the high wind forces which occur, in particular caused by wind gusts.
  • optimal heat transfer could only be achieved if this known heat exchanger was aligned with the respective, possibly constantly changing, wind direction.
  • a device in which heat is transferred through hollow fibers.
  • This device has a support core and a multiplicity of hollow fiber layers which do not allow a flow through the hollow fiber package without any appreciable flow resistance.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device of the type described at the outset which allows flow around the hollow filaments without any appreciable flow resistance and which is also suitable for high wind speeds and which ensures an essentially uniform heat transfer even with changing wind directions.
  • the hollow filaments are held by a support frame which is at least partially formed from the distributor or collecting pipes, at least some of the hollow filaments are at least once continuously or discontinuously curved or bent, the hollow filaments are arranged in at most two layers, in the case of a two-layer arrangement of the hollow filaments, the hollow filaments of the first layer cross the hollow filaments of the second layer and the intersecting hollow filaments touch at the crossing points, the hollow filaments of each layer are supported by support rods which cross the hollow filaments and which are firmly connected to the support frame and the hollow threads at their points of contact, the hollow threads of each layer are arranged at a distance from one another and the maximum deflection of each curved or curved hollow thread is one twentieth (1/20) to one fifth (1/5) of the distance of its two Ends of each other and the Hohlf would lie in a spatially curved or curved surface.
  • the hollow filaments can thus, for example, be designed in the form of a circular arc, be angled once or several times, run in a zigzag shape or be shaped similarly. It is important that at least some of the hollow threads, but preferably all hollow threads, do not run in a straight line, but rather continue in at least one changed direction.
  • the number of hollow threads of the thread sheet forming the heat transfer surface of the device according to the invention can be chosen arbitrarily, the hollow threads of each thread sheet not necessarily the same or must have a similar shape, but generally have the same or similar shape.
  • the sheet of hollow fibers is not in one plane, but in a spatially curved surface, for example the shape of the surface of a spherical cap, part of a cylinder jacket, a roof, a dome, a folding wall, a truncated pyramid and the like Has.
  • the hollow fibers can be arranged one above the other in several groups, each group advantageously being able to consist of one or two hollow fiber layers.
  • the hollow threads of a layer are expediently arranged at constant distances from one another, but can also spread out in a fan shape.
  • the number of hollow threads can also be different in the different layers.
  • the arrangement of the hollow threads of such a hollow thread layer is in any case such that the hollow threads could also be described as being arranged side by side in the broadest sense.
  • the hollow threads of the first layer can cross the hollow threads of the second layer and touch them at the crossing points.
  • these are advantageously arranged at a sufficient mutual distance from one another which can be determined by simple experiments.
  • each hollow fiber layer or group has its own, possibly designed as a support frame, distributor and header pipes for the fluid supply or discharge, which in turn are connected to a common inflow or outflow line.
  • Hollow thread layers or groups of this type designed according to the invention, including their distributing and collecting tubes, can be designed in a particularly advantageous manner as modular units which can be arranged in any number above or next to one another.
  • the common inflow and outflow lines are formed by pipe sockets or connections which cooperate with one another in the manner of a plug connection and are arranged on the distributor or collecting pipes.
  • plug-in connections can be designed to be detachable and self-sealing or else so that after the module units have been joined together by welding, gluing or the like they cannot be detachably connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner to the outside.
  • the stack-shaped embodiment of the device according to the invention formed in this way can have a square, rectangular, hexagonal, round or any other shape-shaped cross section or cover a base area of the same shape in plan view.
  • the hollow fiber layers or groups can be connected individually or in groups in series or in series, mixed forms also being possible, for example parallel connection of the hollow thread layers of each hollow thread group but series connection of the hollow thread groups.
  • the hollow thread layers or groups arranged one above the other or next to one another can have a curvature in the same direction, but can also be designed to be curved alternately in opposite directions, for example in mirror image.
  • Two oppositely curved hollow fiber layers or groups, the ends of which lie in one plane, can roughly form the shape of a cushion, a lens, a cylinder, a sphere, etc., when the arrangement covers the base area.
  • the practical design and arrangement of the hollow fiber layers or groups forming the device according to the invention which can be determined without difficulty, manages to keep the wind noise generated when the hollow fibers flow around and thus leads to a low-noise, environmentally friendly device according to the invention.
  • the shape of the hollow fiber layers or groups can be achieved by appropriate design of the distributor or collecting tubes and / or of support rods, which also give the hollow fiber sheets greater dimensional stability.
  • These support rods are expediently arranged so that they cross at least one of the hollow fiber layers and are firmly connected at their points of contact with the hollow fibers by welding, gluing and the like.
  • the support rods expediently have a larger diameter than the hollow threads and are arranged at greater distances from one another than these.
  • the support rods are advantageously firmly connected to the distributor or header pipes.
  • the support rods can be preformed before they are installed or, for example, can be clamped in an arc in the form of a corresponding excess length when they are installed between two distributor or header pipes.
  • hollow threads suitable for heat transfer can be used for the production of the device according to the invention, whereby these can have been produced by a dry or wet spinning or an extrusion process.
  • hollow thread also includes so-called hollow fibers, thin tubes, thin-walled tubes, capillaries, tubes, plastic tubes and the like.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the hollow used threads can be of any type, and the size of the cross section of the hollow threads and their wall thickness up and down are not subject to any restrictions.
  • the cross-sectional shape, the wall thickness and the size of the cross-section of the hollow filaments can also change along the length of the hollow filaments.
  • Hollow threads with a circular cross-section can have, for example, an outer diameter of 800 ⁇ m up to 5 mm and above.
  • the wall thickness of the hollow filaments can be, for example, 30 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • such hollow threads for the manufacture of the device according to the invention, in particular, such hollow threads. proven to be particularly advantageous, which have a heat transfer coefficient in the range from 15 to 200 W / m 2 K and above, it also being possible, if appropriate, to use hollow fibers which have improved thermal conductivity properties by incorporating metal, graphite and the like in dust or powder form .
  • the hollow filaments can also contain fillers, additives, stabilizers, carbon black, dyes and the like.
  • the size of the device according to the invention is not subject to any restrictions within the usual dimensions.
  • the center distances of the hollow threads so that between two adjacent hollow threads this is 1.7 to 10 times their diameter, in particular 2.5 to 3.3 times.
  • the clear distance between two adjacent hollow threads should expediently be 0.5 to 15 mm, in particular 1 to 10 mm.
  • the dimensions for the distributor or header pipes depend on the one hand on the number of hollow threads emanating from them or emptying into them, and on the other hand on the total amount of fluid flowing through the hollow threads, because it is undesirable that in the distributor and manifolds unnecessarily high pressure drops occur. Furthermore, the dimensioning of the distributor and header pipes depends on whether they are also intended to serve as a support frame and the device according to the Invention should provide stability that meets the requirements. or whether this should be achieved by other structural measures and facilities depending on the to the distributor or collecting pipe. gestell th requirements can thus be provided in the longitudinal direction with stiffening ribs or the like in example. It is also possible to give the pipes mentioned a shape which is favorable in terms of flow technology, or to achieve the same result by appropriately encasing them.
  • rods extending transversely to the hollow threads can be arranged, which can be arranged with the hollow threads are firmly connected at the crossing points.
  • suitable hollow thread groups can also be formed by hollow fiber fabrics. It is also possible. To use hollow fiber mats in which the distance between the hollow threads from one another is determined by knitted threads, tapes or the like.
  • the hollow threads 1 are zigzag-shaped, but lie in one plane.
  • the hollow threads 1 open into the distributor pipe 2, which has the connection 4 for the fluid supply, and in the collecting pipe 3, which has the connection 5 for the fluid discharge.
  • the distributor pipe 2 and the header pipe 3 are firmly connected to one another by struts 6.
  • support rods 7 extending transversely to the hollow threads 1 are shown in FIG. 1 a, which are firmly connected at the intersection points with the hollow threads 1 and with the struts 6.
  • the support rods 7 each cross the hollow threads 1 at the point at which the hollow threads 1 are curved discontinuously, that is to say continue in the changed direction.
  • the hollow threads 1 shown in FIG. 1 a can also be referred to as curved repeatedly.
  • the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 1b differs from that shown in Fig. 1a essentially only in that the hollow threads 1 are wave-shaped, that is, they are continuously curved several times.
  • the hollow thread group formed from two layers of intersecting hollow threads 1 is designed in the form of a cylinder jacket section.
  • the two hollow fiber layers are connected in parallel and the distributor tube 2 forms, together with the header tube 3, a support frame which ensures the above-mentioned shape of the hollow fiber group.
  • the connections 4, 5 for the fluid supply or drainage are respectively directed upwards and downwards, so that a stacking of several of the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 is possible, the connections for the fluid supply 4 then after assembly common inflow line and the connections for fluid drainage 5 give the common outflow line.
  • tubes 2 and 3 are sealed against one another.
  • connection 4 and 5 shown in simplified form in Fig. 2 are shown enlarged.
  • the illustration makes it clear how the connections 4 and 5 are inserted into one another when stacking several embodiments of the device according to the invention, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 2.
  • the connections 4a and 4b can be firmly connected to one another by gluing or welding.
  • connections for fluid drainage instead of the embodiment of the mutually cooperating connections 4a and 4b shown in FIG. 3, commercially available detachable or non-detachable and simple pipe sockets can also be used for the purpose described here, for example so-called quick couplings.
  • FIG. 4 results, for example, from a top view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 2. Only the connection 4 for the fluid supply and the connection 5 for the fluid discharge are arranged in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 in a slightly changed manner.
  • the hollow threads 1 are bent twice discontinuously, these bends being brought about by the support rods 7 arranged at a corresponding point.
  • the hollow fiber layers arranged one above the other are curved in the same direction, each hollow fiber layer forming the shape of part of the jacket of a polyhedron with a polygonal cross section, that is to say, in the sense of the present invention, a spatially curved surface.
  • each hollow fiber layer is each discontinuously curved by a respective support rod 7, adjacent hollow fiber layers being curved in mirror image.
  • Two hollow fiber layers each open into a common distributor pipe 2 or collecting pipe 3.
  • the hollow thread drawers shown in FIG. 6 can also be described as roof-shaped.
  • the hollow fiber layers / hollow fiber groups shown in FIG. 7 are also curved inconsistently, that is to say they are roof-shaped, with the hollow thread layers / hollow fiber groups being curved in opposite directions but not in mirror image in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7.
  • the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 is, for example, excellently suitable for outdoor use, since it ensures an essentially constant heat transfer performance even in changing wind directions. It is obvious that several of the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 can also be arranged one above the other, wherein a correspondingly designed system of plug connections can also be used here. It goes without saying that by changing the maximum deflection of the hollow filaments as defined above, the "angle of the roof gable" of the roof-shaped hollow filament sheet can be changed in a simple manner and adapted to the given requirements.
  • a plurality of hollow fiber layers / hollow fiber groups 1 which are continuously curved in the same direction are arranged one above the other.
  • the distributor pipes 2 and the collecting pipes 3 of each hollow fiber layer / hollow fiber group 1 are again connected to a common inflow line 8 or outflow line 9.
  • plug connections can be used, as have already been described in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIGS. 15 to 18 there is no need for a further detailed description of FIGS. 15 to 18, in which all parts correspond to their position numbers corresponding to the parts of the previously described figures.
  • the embodiments of the device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 9, 12, 14 and 15 are also particularly suitable for changing wind directions, and - and this applies to all the embodiments shown - any number of the embodiments shown one above the other can be stacked or arranged side by side.
  • FIG. 17 three exchange units designed according to the invention are connected in parallel, the individual hollow positions of each exchange unit as shown in FIG. 4 being able to be connected in parallel, but may also be in series.
  • each hollow fiber group consisting of two hollow fiber layers or groups, which are curved in opposite directions and mirror images of one another, were arranged in a star shape around the common collecting tube 3.
  • Two such hollow fiber groups are shown in FIG. 13, for example, but are arranged one above the other there.
  • Each pair of hollow thread groups belonging together leads into a common distributor pipe 2. All distributor pipes 2 are connected to one another by a common inflow line 8, into which fluid can enter via the connection 4. This embodiment is particularly well suited for changing flow direction / wind direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

1. An apparatus in which heat is transmitted from a first liquid to a second liquid through the walls of hollow filaments and in which the hollow filaments open into distributing or collecting pipes, which have connecting parts for the supply or discharge of the fluid and to which the end sections of the hollow filaments are connected in a fluid-tight manner outwards by means of a packing composition, characterised in that the hollow filaments are supported by a support frame (2, 3, 6), which is at least partially formed by the distributing or collecting pipes (2; 3), that at least a part of the hollow filaments (1) is curved or bent once continuously or discontinuously, that the hollow filaments (1) are arranged in at most two layers, that in the two-layer arrangement of the hollow filaments (1), the hollow filaments (1) of the first layer cross the hollow filaments (1) of the second layer and contact the crossing hollow filaments (1) at the crossing points, that the hollow filaments (1) of each layer are supported by support rods (7), which cross the hollow filaments (1) and which are tightly connected to the support frame (2, 3, 6) and the hollow filaments (1) at the contact points thereof, that the hollow filament (1) of each layer are arranged at a spacing from each other and that the maximum excursion of each curved or bent hollow filament (1) is a twentieth (1/20) to a fifth (1/5) of the distance between the two ends thereof and that the hollow filaments lie in a spatially curved or arched surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung, bei welcher Wärme von einem ersten Fluid auf ein zweites Fluid durch die Wandung von Hohlfäden übertragen wird und bei der die Hohlfäden in Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohre münden, welche Anschlüsse für die Fluidzuführung bzw. -ableitung aufweisen und mit welchen die Endabschnitte der Hohlfäden mittels einer Einbettmasse nach außen fluiddicht verbunden sind.The invention relates to a device in which heat is transferred from a first fluid to a second fluid through the wall of hollow filaments and in which the hollow filaments open into distributor or collecting pipes, which have connections for the fluid supply or discharge and with which the end sections of the hollow threads are connected to the outside in a fluid-tight manner by means of an investment material.

Bekannt ist ein Wärmeaustauscher der eingangs genannten Art, bei welchem die Hohlfäden in zwei Ebenen angeordnet sind, wobei die Hohlfäden jeder Ebene in gleichen Abständen voneinander angeordnet sind und parallel zueinander verlaufen, mithin geradlinig ausgebildet sind, und bei welchem die Hohlfäden in gemeinsame Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohre münden, welche die Anschlüsse für die Fluidzuführung bzw. -ableitung aufweisen und als Stützrahmen ausgebildet sein können und mit welchen die Endabschnitte der Hohlfäden mittels einer Einbettmasse flüssigkeitsdicht verbunden sind. Bei diesem bekannten Wärmeaustauscher sind die Hohlfäden der beiden Ebenen rechtwinklig zueinander angeordnet und berühren sich an ihren Kreuzungspunkten. Weiterhin weist dieser bekannte Wärmeaustauscher Stützstäbe für die Hohlfäden auf, welche in Abständen voneinander angeordnet sind, rechtwinklig zu den abzustützenden Hohlfäden verlaufen und an ihren Kreuzungspunkten mit diesen fest verbunden sind. Die Stützstäbe weisen dabei einen größeren Durchmesser auf als die Hohlfäden.A heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset is known, in which the hollow filaments are arranged in two planes, the hollow filaments of each plane being arranged at equal distances from one another and running parallel to one another, and consequently being rectilinear, and in which the hollow filaments are disposed in common distribution or Collector pipes open, which have the connections for the fluid supply or discharge and can be designed as a support frame and with which the end sections of the hollow filaments are connected in a liquid-tight manner by means of an investment material. In this known heat exchanger, the hollow filaments of the two levels are arranged at right angles to one another and touch at their crossing points. Furthermore, this known heat exchanger has support rods for the hollow fibers, which are arranged at intervals from one another, run at right angles to the hollow fibers to be supported and are firmly connected to them at their crossing points. The support rods have a larger diameter than the hollow threads.

Dieser bekannte Wärmetauscher hat sich in ganz besonderem Maße zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen einem gasförmigen Medium, beispielsweise Luft, welches die Hohlfäden umströmt und einem flüssigen Medium, beispielsweise Wasser, welches die Hohlfäden durchströmt, bewährt. Hierbei wurden die besten Resultate erwartungsgemäß dann erreicht, wenn das gasförmige Medium die Hohlfasern senkrecht zu ihrer Längsachse, also quer, umströmte. Andererseits traten bei der Verwendung dieses bekannten Wärmeaustauschers im Freien bei hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten bisweilen Probleme durch die dabei auftretenden, insbesondere durch Windböen verursachten, hohen Windkräfte auf. Darüber hinaus konnte eine optimale Wärmeübertragung nur dann erreicht werden, wenn dieser bekannte Wärmetauscher der jeweiligen, gegebenenfalls ständig sich ändernden, Windrichtung entsprechend ausgerichtet wurde.This known heat exchanger has proven itself particularly well for heat transfer between a gaseous medium, for example air, which flows around the hollow filaments and a liquid medium, for example water which flows through the hollow filaments. As expected, the best results were achieved when the gaseous medium flowed around the hollow fibers perpendicular to their longitudinal axis, i.e. transversely. On the other hand, when this known heat exchanger is used outdoors at high wind speeds, problems occasionally occurred due to the high wind forces which occur, in particular caused by wind gusts. In addition, optimal heat transfer could only be achieved if this known heat exchanger was aligned with the respective, possibly constantly changing, wind direction.

Aus der FR-A-2451952 ist eine Vorrichtung bekannt, in welcher Wärme durch Hohlfäden übertragen wird. Diese Vorrichtung besitzt einen Stützkern und eine Vielzahl von Hohlfadenlagen, die eine Durchströmung des Hohlfadenpakets ohne nennenswerten Strömungswiderstand nicht zulassen.From FR-A-2451952 a device is known in which heat is transferred through hollow fibers. This device has a support core and a multiplicity of hollow fiber layers which do not allow a flow through the hollow fiber package without any appreciable flow resistance.

Aus der US-A-3 616 022 ist ein Wärmeaustauscher bekannt, bei dem die Hohlfäden ohne seitlichen Abstand dicht gepackt und in einem Ge häuse angeordnet sind. Ein Umströmen der Hohlfäden ohne nennenswerten Strömungswi derstand ist auch hierbei nicht möglich.From US-A-3 616 022 a heat exchanger is known in which the hollow filaments are packed tightly without lateral spacing and arranged in a housing. A flow around the hollow filaments without significant flow resistance is also not possible here.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, die eine Umströmung der Hohlfäden ohne nennenswerten Strömungswiderstand gestattet und die auch für hohe Windgeschwindigkeiten geeignet ist und auch bei wechselnden Windrichtungen eine im wesentlichen gleichmäßige Wärmeübertragung gewährleistet.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device of the type described at the outset which allows flow around the hollow filaments without any appreciable flow resistance and which is also suitable for high wind speeds and which ensures an essentially uniform heat transfer even with changing wind directions.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gelöst, bei der erfindungsgemäß die Hohlfäden durch einen Stützrahmen gehalten werden, der zumindest teilweise aus den Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohren gebildet wird, we nigstens ein Teil der Hohlfäden mindestens einmal stetig oder unstetig gekrümmt oder gebogen ausgebildet ist, dieHohlfäden in höchstens zwei Lagen angeordnet sind, bei zweilagiger Anordnung der Hohlfäden die Hohlfäden der ersten Lage die Hohlfäden der zweiten Lage kreuzen und sich die sich kreuzenden Hohlfäden an den Kreuzungspunkten berühren, die Hohlfäden jeder Lage durch Stützstäbe abgestützt werden, die die Hohlfäden kreuzen und die mit dem Stützrahmen und den Hohlfäden an ihren Berührungspunkten fest verbunden sind, die Hohlfäden jeder Lage in Abständen voneinander angeordnet sind und die maximale Auslenkung jedes gekrümmten oder gebogenen Hohlfadens ein Zwanzigstel (1/20) bis ein Fünftel (1/5) der Entfernung seiner beiden Enden voneinander beträgt und die Hohlfäden in einer räumlich gekrümmten oder gewölbten Fläche liegen.This object is achieved with a generic device in which, according to the invention, the hollow filaments are held by a support frame which is at least partially formed from the distributor or collecting pipes, at least some of the hollow filaments are at least once continuously or discontinuously curved or bent, the hollow filaments are arranged in at most two layers, in the case of a two-layer arrangement of the hollow filaments, the hollow filaments of the first layer cross the hollow filaments of the second layer and the intersecting hollow filaments touch at the crossing points, the hollow filaments of each layer are supported by support rods which cross the hollow filaments and which are firmly connected to the support frame and the hollow threads at their points of contact, the hollow threads of each layer are arranged at a distance from one another and the maximum deflection of each curved or curved hollow thread is one twentieth (1/20) to one fifth (1/5) of the distance of its two Ends of each other and the Hohlf would lie in a spatially curved or curved surface.

Die Hohlfäden können also beispielsweise kreisbogenförmig ausgebildet sein, einmal oder mehrmals abgewinkelt sein, zick-zack-förmig verlaufen oder ähnlich geformt sein. Wichtig ist, daß wenigstens ein Teil der Hohlfäden, vorzugsweise jedoch alle Hohlfäden nicht geradlinig verlaufen, sondern in wenigstens einmal geänderter Richtung weiter verlaufen.The hollow filaments can thus, for example, be designed in the form of a circular arc, be angled once or several times, run in a zigzag shape or be shaped similarly. It is important that at least some of the hollow threads, but preferably all hollow threads, do not run in a straight line, but rather continue in at least one changed direction.

Stellt man sich die beiden Enden jedes der so gestalteten Hohlfäden der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung durch eine gerade Strecke (Sehne) verbunden vor und bezeichnet man den größten Abstand des Hohlfadens von dieser Verbindungsgeraden (Sehne) als maximale Auslenkung, so werden besonders gute Ergebnisse erreicht, wenn die maximale Auslenkung der Hohlfäden der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ungefähr ein Zehntel (1/10) der Entfernung der beiden Enden jedes Hohlfadens voneinander, also der Länge der Verbindungsgeraden (Sehne), beträgt.If you imagine the two ends of each of the hollow threads of the device according to the invention connected by a straight line (chord) and the greatest distance of the hollow thread from this connecting line (chord) is called the maximum deflection, particularly good results are achieved if the maximum deflection of the hollow filaments of the device according to the invention is approximately one tenth (1/10) of the distance between the two ends of each hollow filament from one another, that is to say the length of the connecting straight line (chord).

Die Anzahl der Hohlfäden der die Wärmeübertragungsfläche bildenden Fadenschar der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann beliebig gewählt werden, wobei die Hohlfäden jeder Fadenschar nicht notwendigerweise die gleiche oder eine ähnliche Form aufweisen müssen, im allgemeinen jedoch gleich oder ähnlich geformt sind.The number of hollow threads of the thread sheet forming the heat transfer surface of the device according to the invention can be chosen arbitrarily, the hollow threads of each thread sheet not necessarily the same or must have a similar shape, but generally have the same or similar shape.

Besonders gute Ergebnisse werden dann erreicht, wenn die Hohlfadenschar nicht in einer Ebene, sondern in einer räumlich gewölbten Fläche liegt, also beispielsweise die Form der Oberfläche einer Kugelkappe, eines Teils eines Zylindermantels, eines Daches, einer Kuppel, einer Faltwand, eines Pyramidenstumpfes und dergleichen hat.Particularly good results are achieved if the sheet of hollow fibers is not in one plane, but in a spatially curved surface, for example the shape of the surface of a spherical cap, part of a cylinder jacket, a roof, a dome, a folding wall, a truncated pyramid and the like Has.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können die Hohlfäden in mehreren Gruppen übereinander angeordnet sein, wobei jede Gruppe zweckmäßigerweise aus einer oder zwei Hohlfadenlagen bestehen kann. Die Hohlfäden einer Lage sind dabei zweckmäßigerweise in gleichbleibenden Abständen voneinander angeordnet, können sich jedoch auch fächerförmig ausbreiten. Die Anzahl der Hohlfäden kann in den verschiedenen Lagen auch unterschiedlich sein. Wie immer die zweckmäßigste Ausgestaltungsform einer solchen Hohlfadenlage ausgebildet sein mag, so ist die Anordnung der Hohlfäden einer solchen Hohlfadenlage auf alle Fälle so, daß man die Hohlfäden im weitesten Sinne auch als nebeneinanderliegend angeordnet bezeichnen könnte. Bei zwei Hohlfadenlagen je Hohlfadengruppe können die Hohlfäden der ersten Lage die Hohlfäden der zweiten Lage kreuzen und diese an den Kreuzungspunkten berühren. Bei mehreren Hohlfadengruppen werden diese vorteilhaft in einem ausreichenden, durch einfache Versuche zu ermittelnden, gegenseitigen Abstand voneinander angeordnet.In an embodiment of the invention, the hollow fibers can be arranged one above the other in several groups, each group advantageously being able to consist of one or two hollow fiber layers. The hollow threads of a layer are expediently arranged at constant distances from one another, but can also spread out in a fan shape. The number of hollow threads can also be different in the different layers. Whatever the most expedient embodiment of such a hollow fiber layer may be, the arrangement of the hollow threads of such a hollow thread layer is in any case such that the hollow threads could also be described as being arranged side by side in the broadest sense. In the case of two hollow fiber layers per hollow fiber group, the hollow threads of the first layer can cross the hollow threads of the second layer and touch them at the crossing points. In the case of a plurality of hollow fiber groups, these are advantageously arranged at a sufficient mutual distance from one another which can be determined by simple experiments.

Vorteilhafterweise besitzt dabei jede Hohlfadenlage bzw. -gruppe ihre eigenen, gegebenenfalls als Stützrahmen ausgebildeten, Verteiler-und Sammelrohre für die Fluidzuführung bzw. -ableitung, welche ihrerseits an eine gemeinsame Zufluß- bzw. Abflußleitung angeschlossen sind. Derartige erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Hohlfadenlagen bzw. -gruppen einschließlich ihrer Verteiler- und Sammelrohre können dabei in besonders vorteilhafter Weise als Moduleinheiten ausgestaltet sein, die sich in beliebiger Anzahl übereinander oder nebeneinander anordnen lassen. Hierzu ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die gemeinsame Zufluß- und Abflußleitung durch an den Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohren angeordnete in Art einer Steckverbindung miteinander zusammenwirkende Rohrstutzen bzw. Anschlüsse gebildet werden. Diese Steckverbindungen können lösbar und selbstdichtend ausgeführt sein oder aber auch so, daß sie nach dem Zusammenfügen der Moduleinheiten durch Verschweißen, Verkleben oder dergleichen nicht lösbar und nach außen fluiddicht miteinander verbunden werden können. Die auf diese Weise gebildete stapelförmige Ausbildungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann einen quadratischen, rechteckigen, sechseckigen, runden oder beliebig anders geformten Querschnitt aufweisen bzw. in Draufsicht eine Grundfläche ebensolcher Form überdecken.Advantageously, each hollow fiber layer or group has its own, possibly designed as a support frame, distributor and header pipes for the fluid supply or discharge, which in turn are connected to a common inflow or outflow line. Hollow thread layers or groups of this type designed according to the invention, including their distributing and collecting tubes, can be designed in a particularly advantageous manner as modular units which can be arranged in any number above or next to one another. For this purpose, it is particularly advantageous if the common inflow and outflow lines are formed by pipe sockets or connections which cooperate with one another in the manner of a plug connection and are arranged on the distributor or collecting pipes. These plug-in connections can be designed to be detachable and self-sealing or else so that after the module units have been joined together by welding, gluing or the like they cannot be detachably connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner to the outside. The stack-shaped embodiment of the device according to the invention formed in this way can have a square, rectangular, hexagonal, round or any other shape-shaped cross section or cover a base area of the same shape in plan view.

Die Hohlfadenlagen bzw. -gruppen können dabei einzeln oder gruppenweise in Reihe oder in Serie geschaltet sein, wobei auch Mischformen möglich sind, beispielsweise Parallelschaltung der Hohlfadenlagen jeder Hohlfadengruppe aber Reihenschaltung der Hohlfadengruppen.The hollow fiber layers or groups can be connected individually or in groups in series or in series, mixed forms also being possible, for example parallel connection of the hollow thread layers of each hollow thread group but series connection of the hollow thread groups.

Die übereinander oder nebeneinander angeordneten Hohlfadenlagen bzw. -gruppen können eine gleichsinnige Krümmung aufweisen aber auch abwechselnd gegensinnig, beispielsweise spiegelbildlich, gekrümmt ausgebildet sein. Zwei gegensinnig gekrümmte Hohlfadenlagen bzw. -gruppen, deren Enden in einer Ebene liegen, können bei grundflächendeckender Anordnung in etwa also beispielsweise die Form eines Kissens, einer Linse, eines Zylinders, einer Kugel usw. bilden.The hollow thread layers or groups arranged one above the other or next to one another can have a curvature in the same direction, but can also be designed to be curved alternately in opposite directions, for example in mirror image. Two oppositely curved hollow fiber layers or groups, the ends of which lie in one plane, can roughly form the shape of a cushion, a lens, a cylinder, a sphere, etc., when the arrangement covers the base area.

Durch mit Hilfe einfacher Versuche ohne weiteres zu ermittelnde zweckmäßige Gestaltung und Anordnung der die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bildenden Hohlfadenlagen bzw. -gruppen gelingt es, die beim Umströmen der Hohlfäden entstehenden Windgeräusche gering zu halten und somit zu einer geräuscharmen umweltfreundlichen erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zu gelangen.By means of simple experiments, the practical design and arrangement of the hollow fiber layers or groups forming the device according to the invention, which can be determined without difficulty, manages to keep the wind noise generated when the hollow fibers flow around and thus leads to a low-noise, environmentally friendly device according to the invention.

Die Formgebung der Hohlfadenlagen bzw. -gruppen kann durch entsprechende Gestaltung der Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohre und/oder von Stützstäben erreicht werden, die zudem den Hohlfadenscharen eine größere Formstabilität verleihen. Diese Stützstäbe werden zweckmäßigerweise so angeordnet, daß sie wenigstens eine der Hohlfadenlagen kreuzen und an ihren Berührungspunkten mit den Hohlfäden durch Verschweißen, Verkleben und dergleichen fest verbunden sind. Die Stützstäbe haben zweckmäßigerweise einen größeren Durchmesser als die Hohlfäden und sind in größeren Abständen voneinander angeordnet als diese. An ihren Enden sind die Stützstäbe vorteilhaft mit den Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohren fest verbunden. Die Stützstäbe können vor ihrem Einbau bereits vorgeformt sein oder aber beispielsweise beim Einbau zwischen zwei Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohren durch eine entsprechende Überlänge bogenförmig eingespannt werden.The shape of the hollow fiber layers or groups can be achieved by appropriate design of the distributor or collecting tubes and / or of support rods, which also give the hollow fiber sheets greater dimensional stability. These support rods are expediently arranged so that they cross at least one of the hollow fiber layers and are firmly connected at their points of contact with the hollow fibers by welding, gluing and the like. The support rods expediently have a larger diameter than the hollow threads and are arranged at greater distances from one another than these. At their ends, the support rods are advantageously firmly connected to the distributor or header pipes. The support rods can be preformed before they are installed or, for example, can be clamped in an arc in the form of a corresponding excess length when they are installed between two distributor or header pipes.

Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können alle zur Wärmeübertragung geeigneten Hohlfäden verwendet werden, wobei diese nach einem Trocken- oder Naßspinn- oder einem Extrusions-Verfahren hergestellt worden sein können. Mit dem Begriff Hohlfaden sind im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung auch sogenannte Hohlfasern, dünne Schläuche, dünnwandige Schläuche, Kapillaren, Röhrchen, Kunststoffrohre und dergleichen mitumfaßt. Obwohl den Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit nichtmetallischen Hohlfäden im allgemeinen der Vorzug gegeben wird, kann die Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung jedoch auch ohne weiteres auf Vorrichtungen mit entsprechend bemessenen metallischen Röhrchen übertragen werden.All hollow threads suitable for heat transfer can be used for the production of the device according to the invention, whereby these can have been produced by a dry or wet spinning or an extrusion process. For the purposes of the present invention, the term hollow thread also includes so-called hollow fibers, thin tubes, thin-walled tubes, capillaries, tubes, plastic tubes and the like. Although the embodiments of the device according to the invention with non-metallic hollow threads are generally preferred, the teaching of the present invention can, however, also be readily applied to devices with correspondingly dimensioned metallic tubes.

Die Querschnittsform der verwendeten Hohlfäden kann beliebig sein, wobei auch die Größe des Querschnitts der Hohlfäden sowie deren Wandstärke nach oben und unten keinerlei Beschränkungen unterliegt. Die Querschnittsform, die Wandstärke und die Größe des Querschnitts der Hohlfäden können sich darüber hinaus entlang der Länge der Hohlfäden ändern. Hohlfäden mit einem kreisförmigen Querschnitt können beispielsweise einen Außendurchmesser von 800 um bis zu 5 mm und darüber aufweisen. Die Wandstärke der Hohlfäden kann beispielsweise 30 bis 200 µm betragen.The cross-sectional shape of the hollow used threads can be of any type, and the size of the cross section of the hollow threads and their wall thickness up and down are not subject to any restrictions. The cross-sectional shape, the wall thickness and the size of the cross-section of the hollow filaments can also change along the length of the hollow filaments. Hollow threads with a circular cross-section can have, for example, an outer diameter of 800 μm up to 5 mm and above. The wall thickness of the hollow filaments can be, for example, 30 to 200 μm.

Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung haben sich insbesondere solche Hohlfä- . den als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, die einen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten im Bereich von 15 bis 200 W/m2K und darüber aufweisen, wobei gegebenenfalls auch solche Hohlfasern verwendet werden können, die verbesserte Wärmeleiteigenschaften durch Einlagerung von Metall, Graphit und dergleichen in Staub- oder Pulverform aufweisen. Auch können die Hohlfäden alternativ oder zusätzlich Füllmittel, Additive, Stabilisatoren, Ruß, Farbstoffe und dergleichen enthalten. Durch die Verwendung poröser oder mikroporöser Hohlfäden kann das Anwendungsspektrum der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in vorteilhafter Weise noch erweitert werden.For the manufacture of the device according to the invention, in particular, such hollow threads. proven to be particularly advantageous, which have a heat transfer coefficient in the range from 15 to 200 W / m 2 K and above, it also being possible, if appropriate, to use hollow fibers which have improved thermal conductivity properties by incorporating metal, graphite and the like in dust or powder form . Alternatively or additionally, the hollow filaments can also contain fillers, additives, stabilizers, carbon black, dyes and the like. By using porous or microporous hollow threads, the range of applications of the device according to the invention can be advantageously expanded.

Zum Einbetten der Hohlfadenenden können übliche Kleber, aushärtbare Vergußmassen, Gießharze, Spezialzemente und dergleichen verwendet werden, wobei auch solche Einbettmassen verwendet werden können, die unmittelbar nach dem ersten Kontakt mit den Hohlfäden diese oberflächlich leicht anlösen oder anschmelzen. Das Einbetten von Hohlfäden bzw. deren Endabschnitten ist an sich bekannt und braucht daher hier nicht mehr erläutert zu werden.For embedding the ends of the hollow fibers, conventional adhesives, curable casting compounds, casting resins, special cements and the like can be used, it being also possible to use investment materials which immediately dissolve or melt on the surface immediately after the first contact with the hollow fibers. The embedding of hollow threads or their end sections is known per se and therefore need not be explained here any longer.

Die Größe der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung unterliegt im Rahmen üblicher Abmessungen keinerlei Beschränkungen.The size of the device according to the invention is not subject to any restrictions within the usual dimensions.

Es hat sich allerdings gezeigt, daß bei zu enger Anordnung der Hohlfäden der Strömungswiderstand für das die Hohlfäden umströmende Fluid beträchtlich ansteigt, so daß die Wärmeübertragungsleistung erheblich absinkt. Zu große Hohlfadenabstände wiederum führen zu unnötig großen Abmessungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Für eine besonders zweckmäßige Gestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird daher vorgeschlagen, die Mittenabstände der Hohlfäden so zu wählen, daß dieser zwischen zwei benachbarten Hohlfäden das 1,7- bis 10fache ihres Durchmessers, insbesondere das 2,5- bis 3,3fache beträgt. Der lichte Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Hohlfäden soll dabei zweckmäßigerweise 0,5 bis 15 mm, insbesondere 1 bis 10 mm betragen.However, it has been shown that if the hollow threads are arranged too closely, the flow resistance for the fluid flowing around the hollow threads increases considerably, so that the heat transfer performance drops considerably. Too large a hollow thread spacing in turn leads to unnecessarily large dimensions of the device according to the invention. For a particularly expedient design of the device according to the invention, it is therefore proposed to choose the center distances of the hollow threads so that between two adjacent hollow threads this is 1.7 to 10 times their diameter, in particular 2.5 to 3.3 times. The clear distance between two adjacent hollow threads should expediently be 0.5 to 15 mm, in particular 1 to 10 mm.

Die Abmessungen für die Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohre richten sich zum einen nach der Anzahl der von ihnen ausgehenden bzw. in diese mündenden Hohlfäden und deren Abmessungen, andererseits nach der insgesamt durch die Hohlfäden strömenden Fluidmenge, denn es ist unerwünscht, daß in den Verteiler- und Sammelrohren unnötig hohe Druckverluste auftreten. Weiterhin hängt die Bemessung der Verteiler- und Sammelrohre davon ab, ob diese gleichzeitig als Stützrahmen dienen sollen und der erfindungs gemäßen Vorrichtung eine den Anforderungen gerecht werdende Stabilität verleiher sollen. oder ob dies durch andere bauliche Maßnahmen und Einrichtungen bewirkt werden soll Je nach den an die Verteiler- bzw. Sammelrohm. gestell ten Anforderungen können diese somit bei spielsweise auch mit in deren Längsrichtung verlaufenden Versteifungsrippen oder dergleichen versehen sein. Auch ist es möglich, den genannten Rohren eine umströmungstechnisch günstige Form zu geben oder aber durch entsprechende Umkleidung derselben zum gleichen Ergebnis zu gelangen.The dimensions for the distributor or header pipes depend on the one hand on the number of hollow threads emanating from them or emptying into them, and on the other hand on the total amount of fluid flowing through the hollow threads, because it is undesirable that in the distributor and manifolds unnecessarily high pressure drops occur. Furthermore, the dimensioning of the distributor and header pipes depends on whether they are also intended to serve as a support frame and the device according to the Invention should provide stability that meets the requirements. or whether this should be achieved by other structural measures and facilities depending on the to the distributor or collecting pipe. gestell th requirements can thus be provided in the longitudinal direction with stiffening ribs or the like in example. It is also possible to give the pipes mentioned a shape which is favorable in terms of flow technology, or to achieve the same result by appropriately encasing them.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es darüber hinaus schließlich auch möglich, die Hohlfäden als Fadenschar zwischen den Verteiler- und Sammelrohren in losen Schlaufen herunterhängen zu lassen, wobei aber auch hier zur Einhaltung gleichbleibender Hohlfadenabstände quer zu den Hohlfäden verlaufende Stäbe angeordnet sein können, die mit den Hohlfäden an den Kreuzungspunkten fest verbunden sind.In the context of the present invention, it is finally also possible to let the hollow threads hang down as loose threads between the distributor and collecting pipes in loose loops, but here too, to keep constant hollow thread spacings, rods extending transversely to the hollow threads can be arranged, which can be arranged with the hollow threads are firmly connected at the crossing points.

Neben den aus einzelnen Hohlfadenlagen gebildeten Hohlfadengruppen können geeignete Hohlfadengruppen auch durch Hohlfadengewebe gebildet werden. Auch ist es möglich. Hohlfadenmatten zu verwenden, bei denen der Abstand der Hohlfäden voneinander durch eingewirkte Fäden, aufgeklebte Bänder oder dergleichen festgelegt ist.In addition to the hollow fiber groups formed from individual hollow fiber layers, suitable hollow thread groups can also be formed by hollow fiber fabrics. It is also possible. To use hollow fiber mats in which the distance between the hollow threads from one another is determined by knitted threads, tapes or the like.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 a und 1 b eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Draufsicht mit zick-zack- bzw. wellenförmig ausgebildeten Hohlfäden,
  • Fig. 2 in perspektivischer teilweise geschnittener Darstellungsweise eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Form eines Zylindermantelabschnittes,
  • Fig. 3 in einem vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform der Steckverbindung,
  • Fig. 4 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Draufsicht,
  • Fig. 5 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Querschnitt,
  • Fig. 6 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit übereinander angeordneten spiegelbildlich, also gegensinnig, gebogenen Hohlfäden,
  • Fig. 7 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit übereinander angeordneten gegensinnig, jedoch nicht spiegelbildlich gebogenen Hohlfäden,
  • Fig. 8 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei welcher mehrere gleichsinnig gekrümmte Hohlfadenlagen übereinander angeordnet sind,
  • Fig. 9 eine zylinderförmige Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 10 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Form einer Faltwand,
  • Fig. 11 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei welcher mehrere zylinderschalenförmige gleichsinnig gekrümmte Hohlfadengruppen übereinander angeordnet slnd,
  • Fig. 12 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei welcher mehrere gegensinnig, jedoch nicht spiegelbildlich gekrümmte Hohlfadengruppen übereinander angeordnet sind.
  • Fig. 13 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei welcher mehrere spiegelbildlich gekrümmte Hohlfadengruppen übereinander angeordnet sind,
  • Fig. 14 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei welcher mehrere gleichsinnig gekrümmte kugelschalenförmige Hohlfadengruppen übereinander angeordnet sind,
  • Fig. 15 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei welcher zwei spiegelbildlich gekrümmte kugelschalenförmige Hohlfadengruppen übereinander angeordnet sind,
  • Fig. 16 in vereinfachter schematischer Darstellungsweise die Reihenschaltung erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Hohlfadengruppen,
  • Fig. 17 in vereinfachter schematischer Darstellungweise die Parallelschaltung erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Hohlfadengruppen,
  • Fig. 18 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei welcher die Hohlfäden in losen Schlaufen zwischen den Verteiler-und Sammelrohren herunterhängen,
  • Fig. 19 in Draufsicht eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it
  • 1 a and 1 b an embodiment of the device according to the invention in plan view with zigzag or wavy hollow fibers,
  • 2 shows a perspective, partially sectioned representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention in the form of a cylinder jacket section,
  • 3 in an enlarged detail from FIG. 2 an embodiment of the plug connection,
  • 4 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in plan view,
  • 5 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in cross section,
  • 6 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention with hollow threads arranged one above the other in mirror image, that is to say in opposite directions,
  • 7 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention with hollow threads arranged one above the other, but not in mirror image,
  • 8 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which a plurality of hollow thread layers curved in the same direction are arranged one above the other,
  • 9 shows a cylindrical embodiment of the device according to the invention,
  • 10 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in the form of a folding wall,
  • 11 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which several cylindrical shell-shaped hollow thread groups are arranged one above the other,
  • 12 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which a plurality of hollow thread groups which are curved in opposite directions, but not in mirror image, are arranged one above the other.
  • 13 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which a plurality of hollow fiber groups which are curved in a mirror-image manner are arranged one above the other,
  • 14 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which a plurality of coincidently curved spherical shell-shaped hollow thread groups are arranged one above the other,
  • 15 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which two mirror-image-shaped spherical shell-shaped hollow thread groups are arranged one above the other,
  • 16 shows a simplified schematic representation of the series connection of hollow fiber groups designed according to the invention,
  • 17 in a simplified schematic representation the parallel connection of hollow fiber groups designed according to the invention,
  • 18 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the hollow threads hang down in loose loops between the distributor and collecting pipes,
  • Fig. 19 in plan view a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.

In Fig 1a sind die Hohlfäden 1 zick-zack-förmig ausgebildet, liegen jedoch in einer Ebene. Die Hohlfäden 1 münden in das Verteilerrohr 2, welches den Anschluß 4 für die Fluidzufuhr aufweist, und in das Sammelrohr 3, welches den Anschluß 5 für die Fluidabfuhr aufweist. Zur Ausbildung eines Stützrahmens für die Schar aus zick-zack-förmig ausgebildeten Hohlfäden 1 sind das Verteilerrohr 2 und das Sammelrohr 3 durch Streben 6 fest miteinander verbunden. Weiterhin sind in Fig. 1a quer zu den Hohlfäden 1 verlaufende Stützstäbe 7 dargestellt, die an den Schnittpunkten mit den Hohlfäden 1 und mit den Streben 6 fest verbunden sind. Die Stützstäbe 7 kreuzen die Hohlfäden 1 jeweils an der Stelle, an welcher die Hohlfäden 1 unstetig gekrümmt sind, also in geänderter Richtung weiterverlaufen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung können die in Fig. 1a dargestellten Hohlfäden 1 auch als mehrmals unstetig gekrümmt bezeichnet werden.In Figure 1a, the hollow threads 1 are zigzag-shaped, but lie in one plane. The hollow threads 1 open into the distributor pipe 2, which has the connection 4 for the fluid supply, and in the collecting pipe 3, which has the connection 5 for the fluid discharge. To form a support frame for the coulter made of zigzag-shaped hollow threads 1, the distributor pipe 2 and the header pipe 3 are firmly connected to one another by struts 6. Furthermore, support rods 7 extending transversely to the hollow threads 1 are shown in FIG. 1 a, which are firmly connected at the intersection points with the hollow threads 1 and with the struts 6. The support rods 7 each cross the hollow threads 1 at the point at which the hollow threads 1 are curved discontinuously, that is to say continue in the changed direction. Within the scope of the present invention, the hollow threads 1 shown in FIG. 1 a can also be referred to as curved repeatedly.

Die in Fig. 1b dargestellte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 1a dargestellten im wesentlichen lediglich dadurch, daß bei ihr die Hohlfäden 1 wellenförmig ausgebildet sind, also mehrmals stetig gekrümmt sind.The embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 1b differs from that shown in Fig. 1a essentially only in that the hollow threads 1 are wave-shaped, that is, they are continuously curved several times.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die aus zwei Lagen sich kreuzender Hohlfäden 1 gebildete Hohlfadengruppe in Form eines Zylindermantelabschnittes ausgebildet. Die beiden Hohlfadenlagen sind dabei parallel geschaltet und das Verteilerrohr 2 bildet zusammen mit dem Sammelrohr 3 einen die obengenannte Form der Hohlfadengruppe gewährleistenden Stützrahmen. Die Anschlüsse 4, 5 für die Fluidzuführung bzw. -ableitung sind jeweils nach oben und unten gerichtet, so daß ein Übereinanderstapeln mehrerer der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung möglich ist, wobei nach dem Zusammenbau die Anschlüsse für die Fluidzuführung 4 dann die gemeinsame Zuflußleitung und die Anschlüsse für die Fluidableitung 5 die gemeinsame Abflußleitung ergeben. An den Stellen 10 und 11 sind die Rohre 2 und 3 gegeneinander abgedichtet.In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 2, the hollow thread group formed from two layers of intersecting hollow threads 1 is designed in the form of a cylinder jacket section. The two hollow fiber layers are connected in parallel and the distributor tube 2 forms, together with the header tube 3, a support frame which ensures the above-mentioned shape of the hollow fiber group. The connections 4, 5 for the fluid supply or drainage are respectively directed upwards and downwards, so that a stacking of several of the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 is possible, the connections for the fluid supply 4 then after assembly common inflow line and the connections for fluid drainage 5 give the common outflow line. At points 10 and 11, tubes 2 and 3 are sealed against one another.

In Fig. 3 sind die in Fig. 2 vereinfacht dargestellten Anschlüsse 4 bzw. 5 vergrößert dargestellt. Die Darstellung macht deutlich, wie das Ineinanderfügen der Anschlüsse 4 bzw. 5 beim Übereinanderstapeln mehrerer Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, wie sie beispielsweise in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, erfolgt. Nach dem Zusammenfügen können die Anschlüsse 4a und 4b durch Verkleben oder Verschweißen fest miteinander verbunden werden. Dasselbe gilt für die entsprechend ausgebildeten, jedoch nicht dargestellten Anschlüsse für die Fluidableitung. Statt der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsform der miteinander zusammenwirkenden Anschlüsse 4a und 4b können auch handelsübliche lösbare oder nichtlösbare sowie einfache Rohrstutzen zu dem hier beschriebenen Zweck verwendet werden, beispielsweise sogenannte Schnellkupplungen.In Fig. 3, the connections 4 and 5 shown in simplified form in Fig. 2 are shown enlarged. The illustration makes it clear how the connections 4 and 5 are inserted into one another when stacking several embodiments of the device according to the invention, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 2. After assembly, the connections 4a and 4b can be firmly connected to one another by gluing or welding. The same applies to the correspondingly designed, but not shown, connections for fluid drainage. Instead of the embodiment of the mutually cooperating connections 4a and 4b shown in FIG. 3, commercially available detachable or non-detachable and simple pipe sockets can also be used for the purpose described here, for example so-called quick couplings.

Bei der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung entsprechen alle Teile ihren Positionszahlen gemäß den bereits in den Fig. 1a bis 3 beschriebenen Teilen. Die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Ansicht ergibt sich beispielsweise bei Draufsicht auf die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Lediglich der Anschluß 4 für die Fluidzuführung und der Anschluß 5 für die Fluidableitung sind bei der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform in unwesentlich geänderter Art und Weise angeordnet.In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 4, all parts correspond to their position numbers according to the parts already described in FIGS. 1a to 3. The view shown in FIG. 4 results, for example, from a top view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 2. Only the connection 4 for the fluid supply and the connection 5 for the fluid discharge are arranged in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 in a slightly changed manner.

Bei der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind die Hohlfäden 1 zweimal unstetig abgebogen, wobei diese Abbiegungen durch die an entsprechender Stelle angeordneten Stützstäbe 7 bewirkt werden. Die übereinander angeordneten Hohlfadenlagen sind dabei gleichsinnig gekrümmt, wobei jede Hohlfadenlage die Form eines Teils des Mantels eines Polyeders mit polygonalem Querschnitt bildet, also im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung eine räumlich gekrümmte Fläche.In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 5, the hollow threads 1 are bent twice discontinuously, these bends being brought about by the support rods 7 arranged at a corresponding point. The hollow fiber layers arranged one above the other are curved in the same direction, each hollow fiber layer forming the shape of part of the jacket of a polyhedron with a polygonal cross section, that is to say, in the sense of the present invention, a spatially curved surface.

Die übrigen in der Figur dargestellten Teile entsprechen ihren Positionszahlen gemäß den in den vorhergegangenen Figuren beschriebenen Teilen.The remaining parts shown in the figure correspond to their position numbers in accordance with those described in the previous figures Share.

In Fig. 6 sind die Hohlfäden 1 jeder Hohlfadenlage durch je einen Stützstab 7 einmal unstetig gekrümmt, wobei benachbarte Hohlfadenlagen spiegelbildlich gekrümmt sind. Jeweils zwei Hohlfadenlagen münden in ein gemeinsames Verteilerrohr 2 bzw. Sammelrohr 3. Die in Fig. 6 dargestellten Hohlfadenladen können auch als dachförmig ausgebildet bezeichnet werden.In Fig. 6, the hollow threads 1 of each hollow fiber layer are each discontinuously curved by a respective support rod 7, adjacent hollow fiber layers being curved in mirror image. Two hollow fiber layers each open into a common distributor pipe 2 or collecting pipe 3. The hollow thread drawers shown in FIG. 6 can also be described as roof-shaped.

Auch die in Fig. 7 dargestellten Hohlfadenlagen/Hohlfadengruppen sind einmal unstetig gekrümmt, also dachförmig ausgebildet, wobei bei der in Fig. 7 dargestellten Ausführungsform die Hohlfadenlagen/Hohlfadengruppen zwar gegensinnig jedoch nicht spiegelbildlich gekrümmt sind. Die in Fig. 7 dargestellte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eignet sich beispielsweise hervorragend für den Gebrauch im Freien, da sie auch bei wechselnden Windrichtungen eine im wesentlichen gleichbleibende Wärmeübertragungsleistung gewährleistet. Es ist einleuchtend, daß mehrere der in Fig. 7 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung auch übereinander angeordnet werden können, wobei auch hier ein entsprechend ausgebildetes System von Steckverbindungen verwendet werden kann. Es versteht sich weiterhin von selbst, daß durch Änderung der maximalen Auslenkung der Hohlfäden, wie sie oben definiert wurde, der »Winkel des Dachgiebels« der dachförmig ausgebildeten Hohlfadenschar auf einfache Weise verändert und den gegebenen Anforderungen angepaßt werden kann.The hollow fiber layers / hollow fiber groups shown in FIG. 7 are also curved inconsistently, that is to say they are roof-shaped, with the hollow thread layers / hollow fiber groups being curved in opposite directions but not in mirror image in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7. The embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 is, for example, excellently suitable for outdoor use, since it ensures an essentially constant heat transfer performance even in changing wind directions. It is obvious that several of the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 can also be arranged one above the other, wherein a correspondingly designed system of plug connections can also be used here. It goes without saying that by changing the maximum deflection of the hollow filaments as defined above, the "angle of the roof gable" of the roof-shaped hollow filament sheet can be changed in a simple manner and adapted to the given requirements.

Bei der in Fig. 8 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind mehrere gleichsinnig stetig gebogene Hohlfadenlagen/Hohlfadengruppen 1 übereinander angeordnet. Die Verteilerrohre 2 und die Sammelrohre 3 jeder Hohlfadenlage/Hohlfadengruppe 1 sind dabei wieder an eine gemeinsame Zuflußleitung 8 bzw. Abflußleitung 9 angeschlossen. Auch hierbei können Steckverbindungen benutzt werden, wie sie in den Fig. 2 und 3 bereits beschrieben wurden.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of hollow fiber layers / hollow fiber groups 1 which are continuously curved in the same direction are arranged one above the other. The distributor pipes 2 and the collecting pipes 3 of each hollow fiber layer / hollow fiber group 1 are again connected to a common inflow line 8 or outflow line 9. Here, too, plug connections can be used, as have already been described in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Im Hinblick auf die bisherige Figurenbeschreibung erübrigt sich eine weitere ins Detail gehende Beschreibung der Fig. bis 15 bzw. 18, bei denen alle Teile ihren Positionszahlen entsprechend den Teilen der bisher beschriebenen Figuren entsprechen. Es sei jedoch noch darauf hingewiesen, daß die in den Fig. 9, 12, 14 und 15 dargestellten Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sich auch für wechselnde Windrichtungen besonders gut eignen, wobei - und dies gilt für alle gezeigten Ausführungsformen - beliebig viele der gezeigten Ausführungsformen übereinander gestapelt oder nebeneinander angeordnet werden können.With regard to the previous description of the figures, there is no need for a further detailed description of FIGS. 15 to 18, in which all parts correspond to their position numbers corresponding to the parts of the previously described figures. However, it should also be pointed out that the embodiments of the device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 9, 12, 14 and 15 are also particularly suitable for changing wind directions, and - and this applies to all the embodiments shown - any number of the embodiments shown one above the other can be stacked or arranged side by side.

Bei der in Fig. 16 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind insgesamt 3 Austauscheinheiten in Reihe geschaltet, wobei die Hohlfadenlagen jeder Einheit parallel geschaltet sein können, so wie es in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, a total of 3 exchange units are connected in series, and the hollow fiber layers of each unit can be connected in parallel, as shown in FIG. 4.

In Fig. 17 sind drei erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Austauscheinheiten parallel geschaltet, wobei auch hierbei die einzelnen Hohliadenla gen jeder Austauscheinheit so wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, parallel geschaltet sein können, jedoch auch in Reihe liegen können.In FIG. 17, three exchange units designed according to the invention are connected in parallel, the individual hollow positions of each exchange unit as shown in FIG. 4 being able to be connected in parallel, but may also be in series.

In den Fig. 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 und 15 wurden zur Vereinfachung nur die Hohlfäden 1 bzw. Hohlfadenlagen bzw. Hohlfadengruppen in den unterschiedlichsten Ausgestaltungsformen dargestellt, während die übrigen in der Praxis für das Funktionieren der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung notwendigen Teile (2; 3; 4; 5; und gegebenenfalls 4a; 4b; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10 und 11), wie sie in den übrigen Figuren dargestellt und zuvor beschrieben sind, weggelassen wurden.7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 only the hollow fibers 1 or hollow fiber layers or hollow fiber groups have been shown in a wide variety of configurations, for simplicity, while the other parts necessary in practice for the functioning of the device according to the invention (2; 3; 4; 5; and optionally 4a; 4b; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10 and 11), as shown in the other figures and described above, have been omitted.

Bei der in Fig. 19 dargestellten AusfÜhrungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wurden sechs Hohlfadengruppen bestehend aus je zwei Hohlfadenlagen bzw. -gruppen, die gegensinnig und spiegelbildlich zueinander gekrümmt ausgebildet sind, sternförmig um das gemeinsame Sammelrohr 3 angeordnet. Zwei solcher Hohlfadengruppen sind beispielsweise in Fig. 13 dargestellt, dort jedoch übereinander angeordnet. Jede paarweise zusammengehörende Hohlfadengruppe mündet in ein gemeinsames Verteilerrohr 2. Alle Verteilerrohre 2 sind durch eine gemeinsame Zuflußleitung 8 miteinander verbunden, in welche Fluid über den Anschluß 4 eintreten kann. Diese Ausführungsform ist besonders gut für wechselnde Umströmungsrichtung/Windrichtung geeignet.In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 19, six hollow fiber groups, each consisting of two hollow fiber layers or groups, which are curved in opposite directions and mirror images of one another, were arranged in a star shape around the common collecting tube 3. Two such hollow fiber groups are shown in FIG. 13, for example, but are arranged one above the other there. Each pair of hollow thread groups belonging together leads into a common distributor pipe 2. All distributor pipes 2 are connected to one another by a common inflow line 8, into which fluid can enter via the connection 4. This embodiment is particularly well suited for changing flow direction / wind direction.

Claims (11)

1. An apparatus in which heat is transmitted from a first liquid to a second liquid through the walls of hollow filaments and in which the hollow filaments open into distributing or collecting pipes, which have connecting parts for the supply or discharge of the fluid and to which the end sections of the hollow filaments are connected in a fluid-tight manner outwards by means of a packing composition, characterised in that the hollow filaments are supported by a support frame (2, 3, 6), which is at least partially formed by the distributing or collecting pipes (2; 3), that at least a part of the hollow filaments (1) is curved or bent once continuously os discontinuously, that the hollow filaments (1) are arranged in at most two layers, that in the two-layer arrangement of the hollow filaments (1), the hollow filaments (1) of the first layer cross the hollow filaments (1) of the second layer and contact the crossing hollow filaments (1) at the crossing points, that the hollow filaments (1) of each layer are supported by support rods (7), which cross the hollow filaments (1) and which are tightly connected to the support frame (2, 3, 6) and the hollow filaments (1) at the contact points thereof, that the hollow filament (1) of each layer are arranged at a spacing from each other and that the maximum excursion of each curved or bent hollow filament (1) is a twentieth (1/20) to a fifth (1/5) of the distance between the two ends thereof and that the hollow filaments lie in a spatially curved or arched surface.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the maximum excursion is about 1/10 of the distance between the two ends of each hollow filament (1).
3. An apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the hollow filaments (1) are arranged in several groups consisting of one or two layers of hollow filaments arranged above each other or beside each other, and the groups of hollow filaments are arranged at a spacing from each other.
4. An apparatus according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that each layer or group of hollow filaments has its own distributing and collecting pipes (2; 3) for supply or discharge of the fluid, which are connected to a common supply or discharge conduit (8; 9).
5. An apparatus according to claims 3 and 4, characterised in that the layers our groups of hollow filaments are alternately designed curving in opposite direction.
6. An apparatus according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the average space between two adjacent hollow filaments (1) is from 1.7 to 10 times the diameter thereof.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, characterised in that the average spacing between two adjacent hollow filaments (1) is from 2.5 to 3.3'times the diameter thereof.
8. An apparatus according to claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the clear spacing between two adjacent hollow filaments (1) is from 0. 5 to 15 mm.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the clear spacing between two adjacent hollow filaments (1) is from 1 to 10 mm.
10. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the hollow filaments (1) hang down in loops as an assemblage of filaments between the distributing and collecting pipes (2; 3) and yokes (7) are arranged transversely to the hollow filaments (1) to maintain the same spacing between the hollow filaments.
11. An apparatus according to claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the hollow filaments (1) are porous or microporous.
EP82105358A 1981-07-06 1982-06-18 Apparatus by which heat is transmitted through hollow fibres Expired EP0069262B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82105358T ATE10786T1 (en) 1981-07-06 1982-06-18 DEVICE IN WHICH HEAT IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH HOLLOW FILAMENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3126618A DE3126618C2 (en) 1981-07-06 1981-07-06 Hollow fiber heat exchanger
DE3126618 1981-07-06

Publications (2)

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EP0069262A1 EP0069262A1 (en) 1983-01-12
EP0069262B1 true EP0069262B1 (en) 1984-12-12

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EP (1) EP0069262B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5816185A (en)
AT (1) ATE10786T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3126618C2 (en)

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DE3126618C2 (en) 1986-08-07
EP0069262A1 (en) 1983-01-12
JPS5816185A (en) 1983-01-29
ATE10786T1 (en) 1984-12-15
DE3126618A1 (en) 1983-01-13

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