EP0068533A1 - Highly explosive shell with armour-piercing core having an incendiary effect - Google Patents
Highly explosive shell with armour-piercing core having an incendiary effect Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0068533A1 EP0068533A1 EP82200665A EP82200665A EP0068533A1 EP 0068533 A1 EP0068533 A1 EP 0068533A1 EP 82200665 A EP82200665 A EP 82200665A EP 82200665 A EP82200665 A EP 82200665A EP 0068533 A1 EP0068533 A1 EP 0068533A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- charge
- fire
- explosive
- projectile body
- explosive charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
- F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
- F42B12/08—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with armour-piercing caps; with armoured cupola
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a detonating fire grenade with a projectile body and a ballistic hood arranged in front of the projectile body, with an explosive charge arranged within the projectile body and with a highly sensitive ground detonator arranged in front of the explosive charge.
- a pyrotechnic mass is arranged in front of the projectile body, which is enclosed by a ballistic hood. Behind the projectile body is another pyrotechnic mass, which is also referred to as explosive fire mass, which only takes effect after the target armor has penetrated. In the rear of the projectile behind the blasting compound there is a highly sensitive but delayed detonator which, after the armor penetration core has penetrated the target, tears open the armor piercing core and distributes it together with the blasting material in the target.
- the task that is to be solved with this well-known armored fire projectile is to design the projectile so that on the one hand it penetrates heavily armored targets and only becomes fully effective behind the armor, but on the other hand it also responds reliably if only weak structural parts are hit.
- the explosive fire mass provided behind the projectile body should be brought to full effect after penetration.
- the task that is to be solved with the explosive fire grenade according to the invention is to increase the fire effect of the fire charge located in the interior of the projectile body and, if possible, also to eject the fire charge from the side.
- the fire charge has a funnel-shaped recess in the rear, into which a conical tip of the explosive charge protrudes.
- the explosive-type grenade 10 has a projectile body 11 which is provided with a tip 12 for penetrating a target and which has a cavity 13 for receiving a Fire charge 14 and a two-part explosive charge 15, 16.
- the fire charge 14 has a funnel-shaped recess 17, into which a conical tip 18 of the first explosive charge 15 projects.
- the first explosive charge 15 has a bowl-shaped recess 19, into which a curved projection 20 of the second explosive charge protrudes.
- Behind the three charges mentioned, namely the fire charge 14 of the first explosive charge 15 and the second explosive charge 16 there is still space for a highly sensitive, delayed-action ground igniter, which is not known and which is not shown here because it is not The subject of the invention is.
- the explosive device grenade 10 contains five grams of fire mass, in particular zircon for the fire charge 14, as well as 7.5 grams of Hexal P15 (a brand name) for the first explosive charge 15 and again 7.5 grams of Hexal P15 for the second explosive charge 16. Because of the Using a conical press ram, the fire charge 14 can be pressed into the cavity 13 of the penetration core 11 in such a way that said funnel-shaped recess 17 is created. The first explosive charge 15 is then partially pressed into the interior of the fire charge 14. By using a similar press ram, the first explosive charge 15 can be pressed into the cavity 13 of the projectile body 11 in such a way that the shell-shaped recess 19 is created.
- the second explosive charge 16 is then partially pressed into the interior of the first explosive charge 15.
- the second explosive charge can be pressed into the cavity 13 of the projectile body 11 in such a way that a recess is formed for receiving the base igniter (not shown).
- the tip 12 of the projectile body 11 is surrounded by a ballistic hood 21.
- This ballistic hood 21 has a cylindrical cavity 22 into which a further fire charge, not shown, can be inserted.
- the fire effect is increased by the combination of two explosive charges 15 and 16 with a fire charge 14;
- the particles of the fire mass are sprayed in a larger area by the explosive charge and the flames therefore have a longer service life.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Zur Verbesserung der Brandwirkung ist der Hohlraum (13) des Geschosskörpers (11) einer Sprengbrandgranate (10) mit einer Brandladung (14) und zwei Sprengladungen (15, 16) versehen. Die Brandladung (14) weist hinten eine trichterförmige Aussparung (17) auf, in welche eine kegelförmige Spitze (13) der ersten Sprengladung (15) hineinragt.To improve the fire effect, the cavity (13) of the projectile body (11) of an explosive device grenade (10) is provided with a fire charge (14) and two explosive charges (15, 16). The fire charge (14) has a funnel-shaped recess (17) in the rear, into which a conical tip (13) of the first explosive charge (15) protrudes.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sprengbrandgranate mit einem Geschosskörper und einer vor dem Geschosskörper angeordneten ballistischen Haube, mit einer innerhalb des Geschosskörpers angeordneten Sprengladung und mit einer vor der Sprengladung angeordneten hochempfindlichen, verzögert wirksam werdenden Bodenzünder.The invention relates to a detonating fire grenade with a projectile body and a ballistic hood arranged in front of the projectile body, with an explosive charge arranged within the projectile body and with a highly sensitive ground detonator arranged in front of the explosive charge.
Bei einer bekannten Sprengbrandgranate dieser Art (siehe CH-PS 542 424 und DE-OS 2 034 091) ist vor dem Geschosskörper eine pyrotechnische Masse angeordnet, die von einer ballistischen Haube umschlossen ist. Hinter dem Geschosskörper befindet sich eine weitere pyrotechnische Masse, die auch als Sprengbrandmasse bezeichnet ist, die erst nach dem Durchschlagen der Zielpanzerung zur Wirkung kommt. Im Heck des Geschosses hinter der Sprengbrandmasse ist ein hochempfindlicher, jedoch verzögert ansprechender Zünder angeordnet, der nach dem Eindringen des Panzerdurchschlagskerns ins Ziel mittels eines Sprengsatzes den Panzerdurchschlagkern aufreisst und zusammen mit der Sprengbrandmasse im Ziel verteilt.In a known explosive device grenade of this type (see CH-PS 542 424 and DE-OS 2 034 091) a pyrotechnic mass is arranged in front of the projectile body, which is enclosed by a ballistic hood. Behind the projectile body is another pyrotechnic mass, which is also referred to as explosive fire mass, which only takes effect after the target armor has penetrated. In the rear of the projectile behind the blasting compound there is a highly sensitive but delayed detonator which, after the armor penetration core has penetrated the target, tears open the armor piercing core and distributes it together with the blasting material in the target.
Die Aufgabe, die mit diesem bekannten Panzerbrandgeschoss gelöst werden soll, besteht darin, das Geschoss so auszubilden, dass es einerseits stark gepanzerte Ziele durchschlägt und erst hinter der Panzerung voll zur Wirkung kommt, andererseits aber auch sicher anspricht, wenn nur schwache Strukturteile getroffen werden. In jedem Fall soll die hinter dem Geschosskörper vorgesehene Sprengbrandmasse nach dem Eindringen voll zur Wirkung gebracht werden.The task that is to be solved with this well-known armored fire projectile is to design the projectile so that on the one hand it penetrates heavily armored targets and only becomes fully effective behind the armor, but on the other hand it also responds reliably if only weak structural parts are hit. In any case, the explosive fire mass provided behind the projectile body should be brought to full effect after penetration.
Bei einer anderen bekannten Sprengbrandgranate dieser Art (GB-PS 2'022'789) befindet sich im Hohlraum des Geschosskörpers vorne eine Brandladung und dahinter eine Sprengladung, wobei die beiden Ladungen durch eine ebene Fläche voneinander abgegrenzt sind. Diese Anordnung hat den Nachteil, dass die Brandladung von der Sprengladung ausschliesslich nach vorne geschleudert wird.In another known explosive fire grenade of this type (GB-PS 2'022'789) there is a fire charge in the cavity of the projectile body at the front and an explosion behind it charge, the two charges being separated from one another by a flat surface. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the explosive charge is only thrown forward by the explosive charge.
Die Aufgabe, die mit der erfindungsgemässen Sprengbrandgranate gelöst werden soll, besteht darin eine Vergrösserung der Brandwirkung der im Innern des Geschosskörpers befindlichen Brandladung zu erzielen und die Brandladung möglichst auch seitlich herauszuschleudern.The task that is to be solved with the explosive fire grenade according to the invention is to increase the fire effect of the fire charge located in the interior of the projectile body and, if possible, also to eject the fire charge from the side.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Brandladung hinten eine trichterförmige Aussparung aufweist, in welch eine kegelförmige Spitze der Sprengladung hineinragt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the fire charge has a funnel-shaped recess in the rear, into which a conical tip of the explosive charge protrudes.
Der Vorteil dieser Anordnung besteht darin, dass durch Versprühen der Brandladung mit Hilfe der Sprengladung eine grössere räumliche Ausdehnung der Brandwirkung erreicht wird.The advantage of this arrangement is that by spraying the fire charge with the aid of the explosive charge, a greater spatial expansion of the fire effect is achieved.
Bei einem Projektil mit Mehrfacheffekt (siehe DE-OS 1 952 494) ist es zwar schon bekannt, im Innern des Geschosskörpers hinter einer Brandladung eine Sprengladung anzuordnen. Dieses bekannte Geschoss besitzt jedoch weder eine Spitze noch einen Bodenzünder, sodass die Wirkung dieses Geschosses nicht mit der erfindungsgemässen Sprengbrandgranate vergleichbar ist.In the case of a projectile with multiple effects (see DE-OS 1 952 494), it is already known to arrange an explosive charge inside the projectile body behind a fire charge. However, this known projectile has neither a point nor a base igniter, so that the effect of this projectile is not comparable with the explosive device grenade according to the invention.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Sprengbrandgranate ist im folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben. Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch die Sprengbrandgranate. Gemäss dieser Figur weist die erfindungsgemässe Sprengabrandgranate 10 einen Geschosskörper 11 auf, der mit einer Spitze 12 zum Durchdringen eines Zieles versehen ist und der einen Hohlraum 13 zur Aufnahme einer Brandladung 14 und einer zweiteiligen Sprengladung 15, 16 aufweist. Die Brandladung 14 besitzt eine trichterförmige Aussparung 17, in welche eine kegelförmige Spitze 18 der ersten Sprengladung 15 hineinragt. Ebenso weist die erste Sprengladung 15 eine schalenförmige Aussparung 19 auf, in welche ein gewölbter Vorsprung 20 der zweiten Sprengladung hineinragt. Hinter den genannten drei Ladungen, nämlich der Brandladung 14 der ersten Sprengladung 15 und der zweiten Sprengladung 16 ist noch Raum für einen nicht dargestellten hochempfindlichen, verzögert wirksam werdenden Bodenzünder vorhanden, der an sich bekannt ist und der hier nicht näher dargestellt ist, da er nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung ist.An embodiment of the explosive device grenade according to the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing. The only figure in the drawing shows a longitudinal section through the explosive device grenade. According to this figure, the explosive-
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel enthält die Sprengbrandgranate 10 fünf Gramm Brandmasse, insbesondere Zirkon für die Brandladung 14, sowie 7,5 Gramm Hexal P15 (ein Markenname) für die erste Sprengladung 15 und nochmals 7,5 Gramm Hexal P15 für die zweite Sprengladung 16. Durch die Verwendung eines kegeligen Pressstempels kann die Brandladung 14 in den Hohlraum 13 des Durchschlagskerns 11 derart hineingepresst werden, dass die genannte trichterförmige Aussparung 17 entsteht. Die erste Sprengladung 15 wird dann teilweise ins Innere der Brandladung 14 hineingepresst. Durch Verwendung eines ähnlichen Pressstempels kann die erste Sprengladung 15 in den Hohlraum 13 des Geschosskörpers 11 derart hineingepresst werden, dass die genannte schalenförmige Aussparung 19 entsteht. Die zweite Sprengladung 16 wird dann teilweise ins Innere der ersten Sprengladung 15 hineingepresst. Durch Verwendung eines dritten Pressstempels kann die zweite Sprengladung in den Hohlraum 13 des Geschosskörpers 11 derart hineingepresst werden, dass eine Aussparung zur Aufnahme des nicht dargestellten Bodenzünders entsteht.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the
Die Spitze 12 des Geschosskörpers 11 ist von einer ballistischen Haube 21 umgeben. Diese ballistische Haube 21 weist einen zylindrischen Hohlraum 22 auf, in den eine nicht näher dargestellte weitere Brandladung eingesetzt werden kann.The
Durch die Kombination von zwei Sprengladungen 15 und 16 mit einer Brandladung 14 wird die Brandwirkung vergrössert, insbesondere soll eine räumlich ausgedehnte Brandwirkung erreicht werden. Die Partikel der Brandmasse werden durch die Sprengladung in grösserem Umkreis versprüht und die Flammen erhalten dadurch eine längere Standzeit.The fire effect is increased by the combination of two
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4184/81 | 1981-06-24 | ||
| CH418481 | 1981-06-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0068533A1 true EP0068533A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
| EP0068533B1 EP0068533B1 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
Family
ID=4271355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82200665A Expired EP0068533B1 (en) | 1981-06-24 | 1982-06-01 | Highly explosive shell with armour-piercing core having an incendiary effect |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4462312A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0068533B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5831297A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1198314A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3265825D1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL65880A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO149748C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA824202B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4882996A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-11-28 | Diehl Gmbh & Co. | Explosive projectile assembly with a projectile body |
| GB2251290A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1992-07-01 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Shells with fitted cap |
| FR2722876A1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-01-26 | Manurhin Defense | EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILE |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5305505A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1994-04-26 | National Forge Company | Process of making a multi-section bomb casing |
| NO172865C (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-09-15 | Raufoss As | MULTIPLE EFFECT PROJECT AND PROCEDURE IN ITS MANUFACTURING |
| FR2718842B1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-06-28 | Luchaire Defense Sa | Projectile intended to attack hard targets. |
| JPH08249568A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1996-09-27 | Asahi Sangyo:Kk | Adapter for radio with emergency illumination |
| EP2116807A2 (en) | 2005-10-04 | 2009-11-11 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reactive Material Enhanced Projectiles And Related Methods |
| IL189612A (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2012-10-31 | Rafael Advanced Defense Sys | Pyrophoric arrows-type warhead |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR690998A (en) * | 1929-10-23 | 1930-09-29 | Anciens Ets Skoda | Projectile for firing against armored targets |
| US2669182A (en) * | 1949-03-29 | 1954-02-16 | Brevets Aero Mecaniques | Shattering and incendiary shell |
| FR1081806A (en) * | 1953-04-30 | 1954-12-23 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Projectiles |
| US2824515A (en) * | 1944-02-12 | 1958-02-25 | James C Loftin | Incendiary |
| GB2022789A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1979-12-19 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Projectile |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR670998A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1929-12-06 | Device for the automatic hanging and unhooking of suspended objects and in particular lamps | |
| DE2034091A1 (en) * | 1962-12-24 | 1972-01-13 | Fa. Diehl, 8500 Nürnberg | Armored incendiary projectile |
| GB1271704A (en) * | 1969-10-13 | 1972-04-26 | Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker | Projectile with multiple effect |
| DE2752946B2 (en) * | 1977-11-26 | 1979-11-15 | Diehl Gmbh & Co, 8500 Nuernberg | Use of an incendiary compound for incendiary projectiles |
-
1982
- 1982-05-25 IL IL65880A patent/IL65880A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-01 EP EP82200665A patent/EP0068533B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-01 DE DE8282200665T patent/DE3265825D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-02 US US06/384,180 patent/US4462312A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-06-10 NO NO821943A patent/NO149748C/en unknown
- 1982-06-14 CA CA000405064A patent/CA1198314A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-15 ZA ZA824202A patent/ZA824202B/en unknown
- 1982-06-24 JP JP57107693A patent/JPS5831297A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR690998A (en) * | 1929-10-23 | 1930-09-29 | Anciens Ets Skoda | Projectile for firing against armored targets |
| US2824515A (en) * | 1944-02-12 | 1958-02-25 | James C Loftin | Incendiary |
| US2669182A (en) * | 1949-03-29 | 1954-02-16 | Brevets Aero Mecaniques | Shattering and incendiary shell |
| FR1081806A (en) * | 1953-04-30 | 1954-12-23 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Projectiles |
| GB2022789A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1979-12-19 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Projectile |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2251290A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1992-07-01 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Shells with fitted cap |
| GB2251290B (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1993-09-22 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Shell with fitted cap |
| US4882996A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-11-28 | Diehl Gmbh & Co. | Explosive projectile assembly with a projectile body |
| FR2722876A1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-01-26 | Manurhin Defense | EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILE |
| EP0694755A1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-01-31 | Manurhin Defense | Explosive projectile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5831297A (en) | 1983-02-23 |
| DE3265825D1 (en) | 1985-10-03 |
| ZA824202B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| CA1198314A (en) | 1985-12-24 |
| NO149748B (en) | 1984-03-05 |
| NO821943L (en) | 1982-12-27 |
| NO149748C (en) | 1984-06-13 |
| EP0068533B1 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
| JPS6220479B2 (en) | 1987-05-07 |
| US4462312A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| IL65880A (en) | 1986-02-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19830121 |
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