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EP0056224A1 - Electric furnace, such as an electric-arc furnace or plasma melting furnace - Google Patents

Electric furnace, such as an electric-arc furnace or plasma melting furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056224A1
EP0056224A1 EP81890210A EP81890210A EP0056224A1 EP 0056224 A1 EP0056224 A1 EP 0056224A1 EP 81890210 A EP81890210 A EP 81890210A EP 81890210 A EP81890210 A EP 81890210A EP 0056224 A1 EP0056224 A1 EP 0056224A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
kingpin
annular space
electric furnace
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81890210A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0056224B1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Riegler
Ernst Zajicek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine AG filed Critical Voestalpine AG
Publication of EP0056224A1 publication Critical patent/EP0056224A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0056224B1 publication Critical patent/EP0056224B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/16—Walls; Roofs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric furnace, such as an arc furnace or plasma melting furnace, with a lifting mechanism which actuates the furnace cover and which has a kingpin supported on the foundation and a sleeve which surrounds the kingpin and can be raised and lowered relative to it and has a bottom at its upper end, which sleeve can be lifted hydraulically and can be brought into engagement with a cover structure supporting the furnace cover.
  • a lifting mechanism which actuates the furnace cover and which has a kingpin supported on the foundation and a sleeve which surrounds the kingpin and can be raised and lowered relative to it and has a bottom at its upper end, which sleeve can be lifted hydraulically and can be brought into engagement with a cover structure supporting the furnace cover.
  • a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit is installed between an end-side recess of the kingpin and the bottom of the sleeve, which acts only in the stroke direction.
  • Spherical bearings are installed between the kingpin and the sleeve. are consolidated and moved with the sleeve.
  • the recess provided in the kingpin for the cylinder-piston unit requires a larger diameter of the kingpin and thus the sleeve, as a result of which the known construction is very heavy.
  • the lifting mechanism has a lower weight compared to the known construction and in which there are no constraining constraints on the functionality of the construction. Furthermore, it should be possible to provide effective, structurally simple lubrication for the bearings or guides arranged between the kingpin and the sleeve. In order to achieve a safe detachment of the sleeve from the lid support structure, the lifting mechanism of the electric furnace should also be able to be operated in the lowering direction if necessary.
  • This object is achieved in that between an end face of the kingpin and the bottom of the sleeve a hydraulic medium that acts in the stroke direction and if necessary between a collar of the kingpin and the inner wall of the sleeve an hydraulic medium that acts in the lowering direction are provided.
  • bearing bushes are arranged at a distance between the king pin and the sleeve on the king pin.
  • a further annular space is provided between an upper and a lower bearing bush, which is connected to the cylinder space by a bore in the kingpin.
  • the annular space acting in the lowering direction is advantageously formed below the lower bearing bush.
  • bearing bushes are fastened at a distance from one another on the inner wall of the sleeve and are movable therewith, the annular space acting in the lowering direction expediently being formed between an upper bearing bush and a collar of the king pin arranged above this bearing bushing.
  • a further annular space is advantageously provided between the upper and lower bearing bushes, which is connected to the annular space acting in the lowering direction by one or more channels penetrating the upper bearing bushing is.
  • a control valve hydraulically connecting or separating the cylinder chamber with the annular chamber acting in the lowering direction is expediently provided.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 shows a representation analogous to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • An upper part 1 of a plasma melting furnace in particular a plasma primary melting furnace, is provided with a cover 2, which is supported by a cover supporting structure 3.
  • a flue gas manifold 4 projects from the cover to a suction device, not shown.
  • the lid lifting mechanism 5 and the lid pivoting mechanism 6 are arranged laterally next to the furnace upper part 1.
  • the furnace lower part 7 rests with weighing beams 8 on raceways 9 supported on the foundation 10.
  • Each of the three plasma torches 11 is movably supported on a slanting torch mechanism 12.
  • the slag door is designated 13 and the pouring spout 14.
  • the cover lifting mechanism 5 has a rigidly connected to the foundation 10, e.g. screwed; King pin 15 and a sleeve 16 surrounding the king pin, which can be raised and lowered relative to it.
  • the sleeve 16 is closed at its upper end with a bottom 17.
  • This bottom 17 has on the outside a conical load bearing 18, which is in the lowered position of the cover structure 3 and the sleeve 16 at a distance 19 below the cover structure 3, so that on the one hand no vibrations of the cover structure 3 can be transmitted to the cover lifting mechanism during the melting process or on the other hand, the furnace vessel 1, 7 can be tilted freely into the pouring or deslagging position.
  • the load bearing 18 projects into a corresponding recess 20 of the cover structure.
  • An inclined surface 21 provided near the lower end of the sleeve 16 comes into engagement with a corresponding counter-inclined surface 22, which is arranged on a vertical upright 23 of the cover supporting structure 3, during the lifting.
  • the inclined surface 21 has an extension 24 which, when the sleeve 16 is raised, engages in a corresponding groove in the counter-inclined surface 22 for the purpose of securing the position.
  • the vertical upright 23 seated on the lower furnace part 7 in the lowered position of the cover structure projects with a bolt 25 arranged at its lower end when the cover structure 3 is in a lowered position in a corresponding recess in the lower furnace part 7.
  • two bearing bushes 27, 28, advantageously bronze bushings are provided which are fastened to the king pin 15 and are spaced 26 apart.
  • the lower (27) of the two bearing bushes is supported on a collar 30 of the kingpin by a seal 29 inserted in a housing.
  • the upper (28) of the two bearing bushes is arranged at the upper end of the kingpin and is fastened to it by means of a cover plate 32 which forms an end face 31 of the kingpin 15.
  • a spacer sleeve 33 is provided between the two bearing bushes 27, 28, but does not completely fill the space between the king pin 15 and the sleeve 16 between the bearing bushes 27, 28, but rather leaves a narrow annular space 34 free.
  • the lower end of the sleeve 16 surrounds the collar 30 of the kingpin 15 with an inwardly projecting flange 35 which is sealed against the column part located below the collar of the kingpin by means of an annular seal 36.
  • the annular space 37 thus formed by the collar 30, the inner wall of the sleeve 16, the flange 35 and the outer surface of the kingpin 15 acts in the lowering direction when hydraulic medium is applied.
  • the maximum height 38 of the lower annular space (it is reached when the sleeve 16 is lowered) corresponds to the required cover stroke.
  • the hydraulic medium passes from a pump 39 via a four-way valve 40 'via a hydraulic line 41 to a bore 42 of the sleeve 16, and from there into the between the sleeve and the kingpin provided annular space 34.
  • the medium flows through a bore 43 provided in the spacer sleeve 33 to a further bore 44 which through the kingpin 15 up to its end face 31 in between the end face 31 and the bottom 17th the sleeve existing cylinder space 45 is sufficient.
  • Fig. 3 the position of the four-way valve 40 is illustrated when lowering.
  • the hydraulic medium passes via a hydraulic line 4.6 into the lower annular space 37 provided between the collar 30 of the kingpin 15 and the flange 35 of the sleeve 16, where it acts in the lowering direction of the sleeve 16.
  • the lowering process can take place without this lower annular space 37 being acted upon, etc. at least until the cover support structure 3 sits on the lower furnace part 7 with its vertical upright. If the tapered load bearing 18 jams in the recess 20 of the cover structure 3 corresponding to it and the dead weight of the sleeve 16 is not sufficient to release this jamming, the lower annular space 37 is acted upon and the sleeve 16 is further pressed using the hydraulic medium lowered.
  • the supply of the hydraulic medium in the annular space 34 located between the slide bearing bushes 27, 28 during the lifting and pivoting process has the advantage that the hydraulic medium lubricates the sliding bearing bushes well during the lifting and pivoting process.
  • the center line 48 of the inclined surface 21 is in lowered position of the sleeve 16 at half the lifting height 38 below the center line 47 of the lower slide bearing bushing 27, so that the counter-inclined surface 22 is supported (measured on the center lines 47, 48, 49 of the inclined or counter-inclined surface 21, 22 and slide bearing bush 27). This achieves a favorable introduction of force into the kingpin, etc. so that the sleeve 16 is exposed to minimal bending moments.
  • the slide bearing bushes 50, 51 are fastened to the inner wall 52 of the sleeve 53, the lower slide bearing bush 50 being attached to an annular flange 3.5 forming the lower end of the sleeve via a seal 54 inserted in a housing supports.
  • the upper plain bearing bush 51 is - with the sleeve 53 lowered - at a distance which corresponds to the required lifting height 38 of the sleeve, below the upper end of the kingpin 55. It is secured by means of a bush 56 against displacement in the longitudinal direction.
  • the kingpin 55 has a plate 57 which forms the end face 31 and which projects with an annular collar 58 beyond the circumferential surface of the kingpin to the inside of the sleeve 56. This collar is sealed against the inner wall of the sleeve 56 with a seal 59.
  • a bore 60 extends from the lower end of the kingpin 55 to its end face 31, through which the hydraulic medium intended for lifting is introduced into the cylinder space 45.
  • the upper plain bearing bush 51 is provided with channels designed as bores 61, through which hydraulic medium from the annular space 34 into a ring located above this plain bearing bush arrives in room 37. This upper annular space serves to lower the sleeve.
  • hydraulic medium is also supplied via a control valve 62 connecting or separating the two hydraulic lines 41, 46 depending on the position, in the annular space 37 acting in the lowering direction, in order to ensure the lubrication of the two plain bearing bushes 50, 51 during the lifting.
  • the particular advantage of this embodiment can be seen in the fact that the bearing bushes 50, 51 are always flooded and are therefore excellently lubricated.
  • the lower plain bearing bush is located with its center line 47 at a distance below the center line 49 of the counter bevel surface 22 (with the sleeve lowered), as a result of which the center lines of the counter bevel surface 22 and the plain bearing bush 50 coincide with the cover structure 3 raised, which is a particularly favorable way of introducing force via the sleeve 53 in the kingpin 55 results.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

Bei einem Elektroofen weist ein den Ofendeckel betätigendes Hubwerk (5) einen am Fundament (10) abgestützten Königszapfen (15) und eine den Königszapfen umgebende, gegenüber diesem heb- und senkbare und an ihrem oberen Ende mit einem Boden (17) versehene Hülse (16) auf, wobei die Hülse hydraulisch hebbar und mit einem den Ofendeckel tragenden Deckeltragwerk (3) in Eingriff bringbar ist. Um ein Hubwerk (5) mit geringem Gewicht ohne Zwangskräfte und mit konstruktiv einfacher Schmierung zu schaffen, sind zwischen einer Stirnfläche (31) des Königszapfens (15) und dem Boden (17) der Hülse (16) ein von hydraulischem Medium beaufschlagbarer, in Hubrichtung wirkender Zylinderraum (45) und gegebenenfalls zwischen einem Bund (30) des Königszapfens und der Innenwand der Hülse ein von hydraulischem Medium beaufschlagbarer, in Senkrichtung wirkender Ringraum (37) vorgesehen.In an electric furnace, a lifting mechanism (5) actuating the furnace cover has a king pin (15) supported on the foundation (10) and a sleeve (16) surrounding the king pin, which can be raised and lowered with respect to it and has a bottom (17) at its upper end ), whereby the sleeve can be raised hydraulically and can be brought into engagement with a cover structure (3) which supports the furnace cover. In order to create a hoist (5) with low weight without constraining forces and with simple lubrication, between the end face (31) of the kingpin (15) and the bottom (17) of the sleeve (16) a hydraulic medium can be applied in the stroke direction acting cylinder space (45) and optionally between a collar (30) of the kingpin and the inner wall of the sleeve a hydraulic medium acted upon, acting in the lowering annular space (37).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Elektroofen, wie Lichtbogenofen oder Plasmaschmelzofen, mit einem den Ofendeckel betätigenden Hubwerk, welches einen am Fundament abgestützten Königszapfen und eine den Königszapfen umgebende, gegenüber diesem heb- und senkbare und an ihrem oberen Ende mit einem Boden versehene Hülse aufweist, welche Hülse hydraulLsch hebbar und mit einem den Ofendeckel tragenden Deckeltragwerk in Eingriff bringbar ist.The invention relates to an electric furnace, such as an arc furnace or plasma melting furnace, with a lifting mechanism which actuates the furnace cover and which has a kingpin supported on the foundation and a sleeve which surrounds the kingpin and can be raised and lowered relative to it and has a bottom at its upper end, which sleeve can be lifted hydraulically and can be brought into engagement with a cover structure supporting the furnace cover.

Bei bekannten öfen dieser Art ist zwischen einer stirnseitigen Ausnehmung des Königszapfens und dem Boden der Hülse eine hydraulische Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit eingebaut, die nur in Hubrichtung wirkt. Zwischen dem Königszapfen und der Hülse sind Gelenklager eingebaut, die an der Hülse be- . festigt sind und mit der Hülse bewegt werden.In known furnaces of this type, a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit is installed between an end-side recess of the kingpin and the bottom of the sleeve, which acts only in the stroke direction. Spherical bearings are installed between the kingpin and the sleeve. are consolidated and moved with the sleeve.

Die im Königszapfen vorgesehene Ausnehmung für die Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit bedingt einen größeren Durchmesser des Königszapfens und damit der Hülse, wodurch die bekannte Konstruktion ein großes Gewicht aufweist.The recess provided in the kingpin for the cylinder-piston unit requires a larger diameter of the kingpin and thus the sleeve, as a result of which the known construction is very heavy.

Durch die doppelte Führung der Hülse am Königszapfen, u.zw. einerseits mittels der Gelenklager und anderseits mittels der hydraulischen Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit, entstehen Zwangskräfte, die die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Konstruktion einschränken und auch einen starken Verschleiß bewirken. Es kann zu einem Klemmen der Hülse am Königszapfen kommen. Dadurch können sich Schwierigkeiten beim Senken ergeben, u.zw. dann, wenn sich das an der Hülse vorgesehene Lastauflager für das Deckeltragwerk an demselben verklemmt und das Gewicht der Hülse nicht ausreicht, diesen Klemmkräften und den die Senkbewegung erschwerenden, aus der Doppelführung resultierenden Zwangskräften entgegenzuwirken. In diesem Fall muß der Ofen außer Betrieb genommen werden.Due to the double guidance of the sleeve on the kingpin, etc. On the one hand by means of the spherical plain bearings and on the other hand by means of the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit, constraining forces arise which affect the functionality of the construction limit and also cause heavy wear. The sleeve may jam on the kingpin. This can cause difficulties when lowering, e.g. when the load bearing provided on the sleeve for the cover structure jams there and the weight of the sleeve is not sufficient to counteract these clamping forces and the constraining forces resulting from the double guidance, which complicate the lowering movement. In this case the stove must be taken out of operation.

Die Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile und Schwierigkeiten und stellt sich die Aufgabe, einen Elektro- .ofen der eingangs beschriebenen-Art zu schaffen, dessen Hubwerk ein geringeres Gewicht gegenüber der bekannten Konstruktion aufweist und bei dem keine die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Konstruktion einschränkenden Zwangskräfte auftreten. Weiters soll die Möglichkeit gegeben sein, eine wirksame, konstruktiv einfache Schmierung für die zwischen dem Königszapfen und der Hülse angeordneten Lager bzw. Führungen vorzusehen. Um ein sicheres Lösen der Hülse vom Deckeltragwerk zu erzielen, soll das Hubwerk des Elektroofens gegebenenfalls auch in Senkrichtung betätigt werden können.The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has the object to provide an electric .ofen of the type described above, the lifting mechanism has a lower weight compared to the known construction and in which there are no constraining constraints on the functionality of the construction. Furthermore, it should be possible to provide effective, structurally simple lubrication for the bearings or guides arranged between the kingpin and the sleeve. In order to achieve a safe detachment of the sleeve from the lid support structure, the lifting mechanism of the electric furnace should also be able to be operated in the lowering direction if necessary.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zwischen einer Stirnfläche des Königszapfens und dem Boden der Hülse ein von hydraulischem Medium beaufschlagbarer, in Hubrichtung wirkender Zylinderraum und gegebenenfalls zwischen einem Bund des Königszapfens und der Innenwand der Hülse ein von hydraulischem Medium beaufschlagbarer, in Senkrichtung wirkender Ringraum vorgesehen sind.This object is achieved in that between an end face of the kingpin and the bottom of the sleeve a hydraulic medium that acts in the stroke direction and if necessary between a collar of the kingpin and the inner wall of the sleeve an hydraulic medium that acts in the lowering direction are provided.

Gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform sind zwischen dem Königszapfen und der Hülse am Königszapfen im Abstand befestigte Lagerbüchsen, vorzugsweise aus Bronze, angeordnet.According to a first embodiment, bearing bushes, preferably made of bronze, are arranged at a distance between the king pin and the sleeve on the king pin.

Um eine Schmierung der Lagerbüchsen in konstruktiv einfacher Weise mit dem für den Hubvorgang verwendeten hydraulischen Medium zu verwirklichen, ist zwischen einer oberen und einer unteren Lagerbüchse ein weiterer Ringraum vorgesehen, der mit dem Zylinderraum durch eine Bohrung im Königszapfen verbunden ist.In order to realize a lubrication of the bearing bushes in a structurally simple manner with the hydraulic medium used for the lifting process, a further annular space is provided between an upper and a lower bearing bush, which is connected to the cylinder space by a bore in the kingpin.

Vorteilhaft ist der in Senkrichtung wirkende Ringraum unterhalb der unteren Lagerbüchse ausgebildet.The annular space acting in the lowering direction is advantageously formed below the lower bearing bush.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind Lagerbüchsen im Abstand voneinander an der Innenwand der Hülse befestigt und mit dieser beweglich, wobei zweckmäßig zwischen einer oberen Lagerbüchse und einem oberhalb dieser Lagerbüchse angeordneten Bund des Königszapfens der in Senkrichtung wirkende Ringraum ausgebildet ist.According to a further embodiment, bearing bushes are fastened at a distance from one another on the inner wall of the sleeve and are movable therewith, the annular space acting in the lowering direction expediently being formed between an upper bearing bush and a collar of the king pin arranged above this bearing bushing.

Um auch bei dieser Ausführungsform eine konstruktiv einfache Schmierung der zwischen der Hülse und dem Königszapfen angeordneten Lagerbüchsen sicherzustellen, ist vorteilhaft zwischen der oberen und unteren Lagerbüchse ein weiterer Ringraum vorgesehen, der mit dem in Senkrichtung wirkenden Ringraum durch einen oder mehrere die obere Lagerbüchse durchsetzenden Kanal verbunden ist. Zweckmäßig ist dabei ein den Zylinderraum mit dem in Senkrichtung wirkenden Ringraum hydraulisch verbindendes bzw. trennendes Steuerventil vorgesehen.In order to ensure a structurally simple lubrication of the bearing bushes arranged between the sleeve and the kingpin in this embodiment as well, a further annular space is advantageously provided between the upper and lower bearing bushes, which is connected to the annular space acting in the lowering direction by one or more channels penetrating the upper bearing bushing is. A control valve hydraulically connecting or separating the cylinder chamber with the annular chamber acting in the lowering direction is expediently provided.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, wobei Fig. 1 eine Plasmaschmelzanlage in Seitenansicht und Fig. 2 im Grundriß zeigen. Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen einen Schnitt durch das Deckelhubwerk, u.zw. einmal (Fig. 3) in gesenkter und einmal (Fig. 4) in angehobener Stellung des Deckeltragwerkes. In den Fig. 5, 6 ist in zu den Fig. 3 und 4 analoger Darstellung eine weitere Ausführungsform veranschaulicht.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a plasma melting plant in side view and Fig. 2 in plan. 3 and 4 show a section through the lid lifting mechanism, etc. once (Fig. 3) in the lowered and once (Fig. 4) in the raised position of the cover structure. A further embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6 in a representation analogous to FIGS. 3 and 4.

Ein Ofenoberteil 1 eines Plasmaschmelzofens, insbesondere eines Plasmaprimärschmelzofens, ist mit einem Deckel 2, der von einem Deckeltragwerk 3 getragen ist, versehen. Von dem Deckel aus ragt ein Rauchgaskrümmer 4 zu einer nicht dargestellten Absaugung. Seitlich neben dem Ofenoberteil 1 ist das Deckelhubwerk 5 und das Deckelschwenkwerk 6 angeordnet. Der Ofenunterteil 7 ruht mit Wiegebalken 8 auf am Fundament lO abgestützten Laufbahnen 9. Jeder der drei Plasmabrenner 11 ist auf einem Schrägbrennermechanismus 12 verfahrbar gelagert. Die Schlackentüre ist mit 13 und die Abgießschnauze mit 14 bezeichnet.An upper part 1 of a plasma melting furnace, in particular a plasma primary melting furnace, is provided with a cover 2, which is supported by a cover supporting structure 3. A flue gas manifold 4 projects from the cover to a suction device, not shown. The lid lifting mechanism 5 and the lid pivoting mechanism 6 are arranged laterally next to the furnace upper part 1. The furnace lower part 7 rests with weighing beams 8 on raceways 9 supported on the foundation 10. Each of the three plasma torches 11 is movably supported on a slanting torch mechanism 12. The slag door is designated 13 and the pouring spout 14.

Das Deckelhubwerk 5 weist einen mit dem Fundament 10 starr verbundenen, z.B. verschraubten; Königszapfen 15 und eine den Königszapfen umgebende, gegenüber diesem heb- und senkbare Hülse 16 auf. Die Hülse 16 ist an ihrem oberen Ende mit einem Boden 17 verschlossen. Dieser Boden 17 weist außenseitig ein kegelförmiges Lastauflager 18 auf, welches sich bei gesenkter Stellung des Deckeltragwerkes 3 und der Hülse 16 im Abstand 19 unterhalb des Deckeltragwerkes 3 befindet, sodaß einerseits während des Schmelzvorganges keine Schwingungen des Deckeltragwerkes 3 auf das Deckelhubwerk übertragen werden können bzw. anderseits das Ofengefäß 1, 7 ungehindert in die Abgieß- oder Abschlackstellung gekippt werden kann. In angehobener Stellung der Hülse 16 und damit des Deckeltragwerkes 3 ragt das Lastauflager 18 in eine korrespondierende Ausnehmung 20 des Deckeltragwerkes.The cover lifting mechanism 5 has a rigidly connected to the foundation 10, e.g. screwed; King pin 15 and a sleeve 16 surrounding the king pin, which can be raised and lowered relative to it. The sleeve 16 is closed at its upper end with a bottom 17. This bottom 17 has on the outside a conical load bearing 18, which is in the lowered position of the cover structure 3 and the sleeve 16 at a distance 19 below the cover structure 3, so that on the one hand no vibrations of the cover structure 3 can be transmitted to the cover lifting mechanism during the melting process or on the other hand, the furnace vessel 1, 7 can be tilted freely into the pouring or deslagging position. In the raised position of the sleeve 16 and thus the cover structure 3, the load bearing 18 projects into a corresponding recess 20 of the cover structure.

Eine nahe dem unteren Ende der Hülse 16 vorgesehene Schrägfläche 21 kommt während des Anhebens mit einer korrespondierenden Gegenschrägfläche 22, die an einem Vertikalsteher 23 des Deckeltragwerkes 3 angeordnet ist, in Eingriff. Die Schrägfläche 21 weist einen Fortsatz 24 auf, der bei angehobener Hülse 16 in eine entsprechende Nut der Gegenschrägfläche 22 zwecks Lagesicherung einrastet.An inclined surface 21 provided near the lower end of the sleeve 16 comes into engagement with a corresponding counter-inclined surface 22, which is arranged on a vertical upright 23 of the cover supporting structure 3, during the lifting. The inclined surface 21 has an extension 24 which, when the sleeve 16 is raised, engages in a corresponding groove in the counter-inclined surface 22 for the purpose of securing the position.

Der in abgesenkter Stellung des Deckeltragwerkes am Ofenunterteil 7 aufsitzende Vertikalsteher 23 ragt mit einem an seinem unteren Ende angeordneten Bolzen 25 bei abgesenkter Stellung des Deckeltragwerkes 3 in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung des Ofenunterteiles 7.The vertical upright 23 seated on the lower furnace part 7 in the lowered position of the cover structure projects with a bolt 25 arranged at its lower end when the cover structure 3 is in a lowered position in a corresponding recess in the lower furnace part 7.

Zwischen der Hülse 16 und dem Königszapfen 15 sind zwei am Königszapfen 15 befestigte, im Abstand 26 voneinander befindliche Lagerbüchsen 27, 28, vorteilhaft Gleitlagerbüchsen aus Bronze, vorgesehen. Die untere (27) der beiden Lagerbüchsen ist über eine in einem Gehäuse eingesetzte Dichtung 29 an einem Bund 30 des Königszapfens abgestützt. Die obere (28) der beiden Lagerbüchsen ist am oberen Ende des Königszapfens angeordnet und ist mittels einer eine Stirnfläche 31 des Königszapfens 15 bildenden Deckplatte 32 an diesem befestigt. Zwischen den beiden Lagerbüchsen 27, 28 ist eine Distanzhülse 33 vorgesehen, die jedoch den zwischen dem Königszapfen 15 und der Hülse 16 vorhandenen Raum zwischen den Lagerbüchsen 27, 28 nicht zur Gänze ausfüllt, sondern einen schmalen Ringraum 34 freiläßt.Between the sleeve 16 and the king pin 15, two bearing bushes 27, 28, advantageously bronze bushings, are provided which are fastened to the king pin 15 and are spaced 26 apart. The lower (27) of the two bearing bushes is supported on a collar 30 of the kingpin by a seal 29 inserted in a housing. The upper (28) of the two bearing bushes is arranged at the upper end of the kingpin and is fastened to it by means of a cover plate 32 which forms an end face 31 of the kingpin 15. A spacer sleeve 33 is provided between the two bearing bushes 27, 28, but does not completely fill the space between the king pin 15 and the sleeve 16 between the bearing bushes 27, 28, but rather leaves a narrow annular space 34 free.

Die Hülse 16 umgreift mit ihrem unteren Ende den Bund 30 des Königszapfens 15 mit einem nach innen ragenden Flansch 35, der gegen den unterhalb des Bundes des Königszapfens befindlichen Säulenteil mittels einer Ringdichtung 36 abgedichtet ist. Der so vom Bund 30, der Innenwand der Hülse 16, dem Flansch 35 und der Außenfläche des Königszapfens 15 gebildete Ringraum 37 wirkt bei Beaufschlagung mit hydraulischem Medium in Senkrichtung. Die maximale Höhe 38 des unteren Ringraumes (sie ist bei abgesenkter Hülse 16 erreicht) entspricht dem erforderlichen Deckelhub.The lower end of the sleeve 16 surrounds the collar 30 of the kingpin 15 with an inwardly projecting flange 35 which is sealed against the column part located below the collar of the kingpin by means of an annular seal 36. The annular space 37 thus formed by the collar 30, the inner wall of the sleeve 16, the flange 35 and the outer surface of the kingpin 15 acts in the lowering direction when hydraulic medium is applied. The maximum height 38 of the lower annular space (it is reached when the sleeve 16 is lowered) corresponds to the required cover stroke.

Das hydraulische Medium gelangt von einer Pumpe 39 über ein Vierwerageventil 40'über eine hydraulische Leitung 41 zu einer Bohrung 42 der Hülse 16, und von dort in den zwischen der Hülse und dem Königszapfen vorgesehenen Ringraum 34. Von diesem strömt das Medium durch eine in der Distanzhülse 33 vorgesehene Bohrung 43 zu einer weiteren Bohrung 44, die durch den Königszapfen 15 bis zu dessen Stirnfläche 31 in den zwischen der Stirnfläche 31 und dem Boden 17 der Hülse vorhandenen Zylinderraum 45 reicht. Durch Heben der Hülse 16 und nach in Eingriff-Gelangen des Lastauflagers 18 und der Schrägfläche 21 mit dem Dek- keltragwerk 3 hebt das hydraulische Medium das Deckeltragwerk 3. Die für das Heben erforderliche Stellung des Vierwegeventiles 40 ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt.The hydraulic medium passes from a pump 39 via a four-way valve 40 'via a hydraulic line 41 to a bore 42 of the sleeve 16, and from there into the between the sleeve and the kingpin provided annular space 34. The medium flows through a bore 43 provided in the spacer sleeve 33 to a further bore 44 which through the kingpin 15 up to its end face 31 in between the end face 31 and the bottom 17th the sleeve existing cylinder space 45 is sufficient. By raising the sleeve 16 and to engage-Get the Lastauflagers 18 and the inclined surface 21 with the D EK keltragwerk 3 raises the hydraulic medium, the lid supporting mechanism 3. The required for the lifting position of the four-way valve 40 is shown in Fig. 4.

In Fig. 3 ist die Stellung des Vierwegeventiles 40 beim Senken veranschaulicht. Das hydraulische Medium gelangt über eine hydraulische Leitung 4.6 in den unteren, zwischen dem Bund 30 des Königszapfens 15 und dem Flansch 35 der Hülse 16 vorgesehenen Ringraum 37, wo es in Senkrichtung der Hülse 16 wirkt.In Fig. 3 the position of the four-way valve 40 is illustrated when lowering. The hydraulic medium passes via a hydraulic line 4.6 into the lower annular space 37 provided between the collar 30 of the kingpin 15 and the flange 35 of the sleeve 16, where it acts in the lowering direction of the sleeve 16.

Der Senkvorgang kann ohne Beaufschlagung dieses unteren Ringraumes 37 vor sich gehen, u.zw. mindestens so lange, bis das Deckeltragwerk 3 am Ofenunterteil 7 mit seinem Vertikalsteher aufsitzt. Kommt es zu einem Verklemmen des kegeligen Lastauflagers 18 in der zu ihm korrespondierenden Ausnehmung 20 des Deckeltragwerkes 3 und reicht das Eigengewicht der Hülse 16 nicht aus, diese Verklemmung zu lösen, wird der untere Ringraum 37 beaufschlagt und die Hülse 16 mit Hilfe des hydraulischen Mediums weiter gesenkt.The lowering process can take place without this lower annular space 37 being acted upon, etc. at least until the cover support structure 3 sits on the lower furnace part 7 with its vertical upright. If the tapered load bearing 18 jams in the recess 20 of the cover structure 3 corresponding to it and the dead weight of the sleeve 16 is not sufficient to release this jamming, the lower annular space 37 is acted upon and the sleeve 16 is further pressed using the hydraulic medium lowered.

Die Zuleitung des hydraulischen Mediums in den zwischen den Gleitlagerbüchsen 27, 28 befindlichen Ringraum 34 während des Hebe- und Schwenkvorganges hat den Vorteil, daß das hydraulische Medium während des Hebe- und Schwenkvorganges die Gleitlagerbüchsen gut schmiert.The supply of the hydraulic medium in the annular space 34 located between the slide bearing bushes 27, 28 during the lifting and pivoting process has the advantage that the hydraulic medium lubricates the sliding bearing bushes well during the lifting and pivoting process.

Die Mittellinie 48 der Schrägfläche 21 befindet sich in abgesenkter Stellung der Hülse 16 in halber Hubhöhe 38 unterhalb der Mittellinie 47 der unteren Gleitlagerbüchse 27, sodaß sich die Gegenschrägfläche 22 an der Schrägfläche 21 bei gehobenem Deckeltragwerk 3 in einer Höhe, die der halben Hubhöhe 38 entspricht, oberhalb der unteren Gleitlagerbüchse 27 abstützt (gemessen an den Mittellinien 47, 48, 49 der Schräg- bzw. Gegenschrägfläche 21, 22 und Gleitlagerbüchse 27). Hierdurch wird eine günstige Krafteinleitung in den Königszapfen erreicht, u.zw. so, daß die Hülse 16 minimalen Biegemomenten ausgesetzt wird.The center line 48 of the inclined surface 21 is in lowered position of the sleeve 16 at half the lifting height 38 below the center line 47 of the lower slide bearing bushing 27, so that the counter-inclined surface 22 is supported (measured on the center lines 47, 48, 49 of the inclined or counter-inclined surface 21, 22 and slide bearing bush 27). This achieves a favorable introduction of force into the kingpin, etc. so that the sleeve 16 is exposed to minimal bending moments.

Bei der in den Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die Gleitlagerbüchsen 50, 51 an der Innenwand 52 der Hülse 53 befestigt, wobei sich die untere Gleitlagerbüchse 50 über eine in einem Gehäuse eingesetzte Dichtung 54 an einem das untere Ende der Hülse bildenden Ringflansch 3.5 abstützt. Die obere Gleitlagerbüchse 51 befindet sich - bei abgesenkter Hülse 53 - in einem Abstand, der der erforderlichen Hubhöhe 38 der Hülse entspricht, unterhalb des oberen Endes des Königszapfens 55. Sie ist mittels einer Büchse 56 gegen Verschieben in Längsrichtung gesichert. Der Königszapfen 55 weist an seinem oberen Ende eine die Stirnfläche 31 bildende Platte 57 auf, die mit einem ringförmigen Bund 58 über die Umfangsfläche des Königszapfens hinaus bis zur Innenseite der Büchse 56 ragt. Dieser Bund ist gegen die Innenwand der Büchse 56 mit einer Dichtung 59 abgedichtet.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the slide bearing bushes 50, 51 are fastened to the inner wall 52 of the sleeve 53, the lower slide bearing bush 50 being attached to an annular flange 3.5 forming the lower end of the sleeve via a seal 54 inserted in a housing supports. The upper plain bearing bush 51 is - with the sleeve 53 lowered - at a distance which corresponds to the required lifting height 38 of the sleeve, below the upper end of the kingpin 55. It is secured by means of a bush 56 against displacement in the longitudinal direction. At its upper end, the kingpin 55 has a plate 57 which forms the end face 31 and which projects with an annular collar 58 beyond the circumferential surface of the kingpin to the inside of the sleeve 56. This collar is sealed against the inner wall of the sleeve 56 with a seal 59.

Von dem unteren Ende des Königszapfens 55 ragt eine Bohrung 60 bis zu dessen Stirnfläche 31, durch welche das für das Heben bestimmte hydraulische Medium in den Zylinderraum 45 eingeleitet wird. Die obere Gleitlagerbüchse 51 ist mit als Bohrungen 61 ausgebildeten Kanälen versehen, durch die hydraulisches Medium von dem Ringraum 34 in einen oberhalb dieser Gleitlagerbüchse befindlichen Ringraum 37 gelangt. Dieser obere Ringraum dient zum Senken der Hülse. Während des Hebevorganges wird über ein die beiden hydraulischen Leitungen 41, 46 je nach Stellung verbindendes oder trennendes Steuerventil 62 auch in den in Senkrichtung wirkenden Ringraum 37 hydraulisches Medium zugeführt, um die Schmierung der beiden Gleitlagerbüchsen 50, 51 während des Hebens sicherzustellen. Der besondere Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform ist vor allem darin zu sehen, daß die Lagerbüchsen 50, 51 stets gut geflutet und damit hervorragend geschmiert sind.A bore 60 extends from the lower end of the kingpin 55 to its end face 31, through which the hydraulic medium intended for lifting is introduced into the cylinder space 45. The upper plain bearing bush 51 is provided with channels designed as bores 61, through which hydraulic medium from the annular space 34 into a ring located above this plain bearing bush arrives in room 37. This upper annular space serves to lower the sleeve. During the lifting process, hydraulic medium is also supplied via a control valve 62 connecting or separating the two hydraulic lines 41, 46 depending on the position, in the annular space 37 acting in the lowering direction, in order to ensure the lubrication of the two plain bearing bushes 50, 51 during the lifting. The particular advantage of this embodiment can be seen in the fact that the bearing bushes 50, 51 are always flooded and are therefore excellently lubricated.

Während des Hebens ist durch den Kurzschluß der beiden hydraulischen Leitungen 41, 46 nur ein Teil der Stirnfläche 31 des Königszapfens wirksam, nämlich die Stirnfläche 31 vermindert um die Ringfläche 63; die von der die Stirnfläche bildenden Platte 57 an ihrer Unterseite gebildet ist.During the lifting, only a part of the end face 31 of the kingpin is effective due to the short circuit of the two hydraulic lines 41, 46, namely the end face 31 reduced by the ring face 63; which is formed by the plate 57 forming the end face on its underside.

Die untere Gleitlagerbüchse befindet sich mit ihrer Mittellinie 47 im Abstand unterhalb der Mittellinie 49 der Gegenschrägfläche 22 (bei abgesenkter Hülse), wodurch die Mittellinien der Gegenschrägfläche 22 und der Gleitlagerbüchse 50 bei angehobenem Deckeltragwerk 3 zusammenfallen, was eine besonders günstige Krafteinleitung über die Hülse 53 in den Königszapfen 55 ergibt.The lower plain bearing bush is located with its center line 47 at a distance below the center line 49 of the counter bevel surface 22 (with the sleeve lowered), as a result of which the center lines of the counter bevel surface 22 and the plain bearing bush 50 coincide with the cover structure 3 raised, which is a particularly favorable way of introducing force via the sleeve 53 in the kingpin 55 results.

Claims (8)

1. Elektroofen, wie Lichtbogenofen oder Plasmaschmelzofen, mit einem den Ofendeckel (2) betätigenden Hubwerk (5), welches einen am Fundament (10) abgestützten Königszapfen (15; 55) und eine den Königszapfen umgebende, gegenüber diesem heb- und senkbare und an ihrem oberen Ende mit einem Boden (17) versehene Hülse (16; 53) aufweist, welche Hülse hydraulisch hebbar und mit einem den Ofendeckel (2) tragenden Deckeltragwerk (3) in Eingriff bringbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen einer Stirnfläche (31) des Königszapfens (15; 55) und dem Boden (17) der Hülse (16; 53) ein von hydraulischem Medium beaufschlagbarer, in Hubrichtung wirkender Zylinderraum (45) und gegebenenfalls zwischen einem Bund (30; 58) des Königszapfens und der Innenwand (52) der Hülse ein von hydraulischem Medium beaufschlagbarer, in Senkrichtung wirkender Ringraum (37) vorgesehen sind.1. Electric furnace, such as an arc furnace or plasma melting furnace, with a furnace cover (2) actuating lifting mechanism (5), which has a kingpin (15; 55) supported on the foundation (10) and one surrounding the kingpin, which can be lifted and lowered relative to it The upper end of the sleeve (16; 53) is provided with a base (17), which sleeve can be raised hydraulically and brought into engagement with a lid structure (3) supporting the oven lid (2), characterized in that between an end face (31) of the kingpin (15; 55) and the bottom (17) of the sleeve (16; 53) a cylinder chamber (45) which can be acted upon by hydraulic medium and acts in the stroke direction and optionally between a collar (30; 58) of the kingpin and the inner wall (52 ) of the sleeve, an annular space (37) which can be acted upon by hydraulic medium and acts in the lowering direction is provided. 2. Elektroofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Königszapfen (15) und der Hülse (16) am Königszapfen im Abstand (26) befestigte Lagerbüchsen (27, 28), vorzugsweise aus Bronze, angeordnet sind (Fig. 3, 4).2. Electric furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that between the king pin (15) and the sleeve (16) on the king pin at a distance (26) fixed bearing bushes (27, 28), preferably made of bronze, are arranged (Fig. 3, 4th ). 3. Elektroofen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen einer oberen und einer unteren Lagerbüchse (27, 28) ein weiterer Ringraum (34) vorgesehen ist, der mit dem Zylinderraum (45) durch eine Bohrung (44) im Königszapfen (15) verbunden ist.3. Electric furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that between an upper and a lower bearing bush (27, 28) a further annular space (34) is provided, which with the cylinder space (45) through a bore (44) in the kingpin (15) connected is. 4. Elektroofen nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in Senkrichtung wirkende Ringraum (37) unterhalb der unteren Lagerbüchse (27) ausgebildet ist.4. Electric furnace according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the annular space (37) acting in the lowering direction is formed below the lower bearing bush (27). 5. Elektroofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Lagerbüchsen (50, 51) im Abstand voneinander an der Innenwand (52) der Hülse (53) befestigt und mit dieser beweglich sind (Fig. 5, 6).5. Electric furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that Bearing bushes (50, 51) are fixed at a distance from one another on the inner wall (52) of the sleeve (53) and are movable therewith (FIGS. 5, 6). 6. Elektroofen nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen einer oberen Lagerbüchse (51) und einem oberhalb dieser Lagerbüchse angeordneten Bund (58) des Königszapfens (55) der in Senkrichtung wirkende Ringraum (37) ausgebildet ist.6. Electric furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that between an upper bearing bush (51) and an arranged above this bearing bush collar (58) of the king pin (55) the annular space (37) acting in the lowering direction is formed. 7. Elektroofen nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der oberen und unteren Lagerbüchse (50, . 51) ein weiterer Ringraum (34) vorgesehen ist, der mit dem in Senkrichtung wirkenden Ringraum (37) durch einen oder mehrere die obere Lagerbüchse (51) durchsetzenden Kanal (61) verbunden ist.7. Electric furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that between the upper and lower bearing bush (50,. 51) a further annular space (34) is provided, which with the annular space acting in the lowering direction (37) through one or more of the upper bearing bush ( 51) penetrating channel (61) is connected. 8. Elektroofen nach den Ansprüchen 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein den Zylinderraum (45) mit dem in Senkrichtung wirkenden Ringraum (37) hydraulisch verbindendes bzw. trennendes Steuerventil (62) vorgesehen ist.8. Electric furnace according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a cylinder valve (45) with the annular chamber acting in the lowering direction (37) hydraulically connecting or separating control valve (62) is provided.
EP81890210A 1981-01-08 1981-12-23 Electric furnace, such as an electric-arc furnace or plasma melting furnace Expired EP0056224B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT30/81 1981-01-08
AT0003081A AT370871B (en) 1981-01-08 1981-01-08 ELECTRIC OVENS, LIKE ARC OR PLASMA MELTING OVENS

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EP0056224A1 true EP0056224A1 (en) 1982-07-21
EP0056224B1 EP0056224B1 (en) 1984-05-16

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US (1) US4423515A (en)
EP (1) EP0056224B1 (en)
JP (2) JPS57142475A (en)
AT (1) AT370871B (en)
DE (1) DE3163688D1 (en)

Cited By (3)

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EP0077319B1 (en) * 1981-10-09 1985-12-27 VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft Electric furnace
WO2009153026A1 (en) 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Pivot portal for a furnace
EP2703528A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2014-03-05 baumhueter extrusion GmbH Cross-linked polyethylene fibre, its use and process for its manufacture

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SE431604B (en) * 1982-06-29 1984-02-13 Asea Ab DEVICE FOR POSITIONING OF ELECTRODES ON LIGHT BAGS
US5429341A (en) * 1991-04-17 1995-07-04 Miskolci Egyetem Apparatus and capsule for carrying out processes of directed crystallization, especially in cosmic space conditions
US5445060A (en) * 1994-09-02 1995-08-29 Randall Manufacturing Co., Inc. Floating fluid actuated cylinder
DE102010041692A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Lifting and pivoting device for a lid of a furnace and furnace system and method for charging and maintenance of such a furnace system

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US2469740A (en) * 1946-01-31 1949-05-10 Deiaware Engineering Corp Arc furnace with lift and swing aside roof
DE835443C (en) * 1949-10-01 1952-03-31 Demag Elektrostahl G M B H Electric melting furnace with lifting mechanism to remove the lid
FR1189359A (en) * 1957-01-26 1959-10-02 Demag Elektrometallurgie Gmbh Tilting electrode furnace
FR1290741A (en) * 1961-06-02 1962-04-13 Cie Constr Gros Mat Electromec Balancing device for the electrode holder system of electrically regulated arc furnaces
DE1216900B (en) * 1965-06-19 1966-05-18 Demag Elektrometallurgie Gmbh Device for coupling the removable furnace cover to the electrode lifting device of an electric arc furnace
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0077319B1 (en) * 1981-10-09 1985-12-27 VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft Electric furnace
WO2009153026A1 (en) 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Pivot portal for a furnace
DE102008028966A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-24 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Rotary portal for a stove
EP2703528A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2014-03-05 baumhueter extrusion GmbH Cross-linked polyethylene fibre, its use and process for its manufacture
WO2014032879A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Baumhueter Extrusion Gmbh Cross-linked polyethylene fibre, its use and process for its manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA3081A (en) 1982-09-15
EP0056224B1 (en) 1984-05-16
JPS6317989Y2 (en) 1988-05-20
DE3163688D1 (en) 1984-06-20
US4423515A (en) 1983-12-27
JPS57142475A (en) 1982-09-03
AT370871B (en) 1983-05-10
JPS6181598U (en) 1986-05-30

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