[go: up one dir, main page]

EP0055319B1 - Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking - Google Patents

Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0055319B1
EP0055319B1 EP80401886A EP80401886A EP0055319B1 EP 0055319 B1 EP0055319 B1 EP 0055319B1 EP 80401886 A EP80401886 A EP 80401886A EP 80401886 A EP80401886 A EP 80401886A EP 0055319 B1 EP0055319 B1 EP 0055319B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
light
emitter
self
smoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80401886A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0055319A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Lanore
Bernard Lauwick
Philippe Detriche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
Original Assignee
Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8187415&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0055319(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA filed Critical Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
Priority to EP80401886A priority Critical patent/EP0055319B1/en
Priority to DE8080401886T priority patent/DE3070136D1/en
Priority to AT80401886T priority patent/ATE11706T1/en
Publication of EP0055319A1 publication Critical patent/EP0055319A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0055319B1 publication Critical patent/EP0055319B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113Constructional details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, and to optical detectors implementing this method.
  • optical diffusion smoke detectors in particular for fire prevention.
  • These optical detectors essentially comprise a sensor, a circuit for processing the signal delivered by the sensor and means for transmitting the processed signal.
  • the sensor ( Figure 1) consists of a transmitter 1, a receiver 2 and a screen 3 preventing the emitted light from coming directly to the receiver.
  • a cover 4 comprising a baffle system 5 whose purpose is to allow the penetration of fumes into the sensor and to avoid any propagation of ambient light towards the interior of the sensor.
  • the cover 4 is internally provided with a matt coating or any geometrical arrangement in order to avoid parasitic reflection towards the receiver, of the light emitted by the transmitter. In the standby state, the receiver of this type of sensor therefore receives no illumination.
  • the main drawback of this type of detector lies in the fact that in the standby state, the receiver receiving no illumination, it is impossible to know whether the transmitter and the receiver will be able to signal an alarm, during 'a fire.
  • patent GB-341,085 proposes an optical smoke detector, with diffusion, in which a sensor accessible to smoke comprises a light emitter and a light receiver, and according to which part of the light emitted by the the transmitter is permanently received by the receiver which delivers a signal corresponding to the standby state, so that the variation of the standby signal, due to a fault or smoke, respectively triggers fault information or alarm information.
  • patent GB-A-936,623 describes a flame and smoke detector with two sensitive cells, one in the infrared, the other in the day before, but this detector is not not equipped with self-checking.
  • the receiving device consists of first and second receivers, and the second receiver is only subjected, in the standby state, to the illumination coming from the transmitter so that, in the event of smoke, reception by the first light receiver from the transmitter triggers the alarm signal.
  • the accessory used is a reflective element 7 whose role is to return some of the light emitted by the transmitter 1 to the receiver 2.
  • the receiver receives a weak illumination leading for the detector to a standby state corresponding to the line v of the medium in FIG. 4.
  • the suspended particles 6 diffuse the light coming from the emitter 1 in all directions. An additional illumination linked to the diffusion by the particles 6 is then added to the illumination due to the reflector 7, which leads to the alarm state corresponding to the line a in FIG. 4.
  • the signal delivered by the sensor is modified by reduction or suppression leading for the detector to a fault state, line d of FIG. 4 .
  • the method used here to carry out the self-check is valid whatever the type of transmitter and whatever the type of receiver.
  • the element 7 used as a reflector can be of different shape: mirror, calibrated wire or other.
  • the light emitter is a light-emitting diode 1 and the receiver is a phototransistor 2 mounted in a bridge with a resistor 10.
  • Two potentiometers 11 and 12 are also mounted in bridge, their sockets supplying one of the inputs two comparators 13 and 14. The adjustment of potentiometers 11 and 12 makes it possible to adjust the alarm and fault thresholds, respectively.
  • the midpoint of the bridge, between the transistor 2 and the resistor 10 is connected to the other input of each of the two comparators 13 and 14.
  • the switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and of fault d .
  • the signal from the transmitter 1 is pulsed by means of an oscillator 15.
  • the receiver 2 is tuned to the transmitter 1 through an electronic gate 16 which supplies a shaping circuit 17.
  • the formatted signal is then analyzed by means of two comparators 13 and 14, the other input of which is supplied by means of potentiometers 11 and 12 respectively.
  • the switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.
  • a component 8 is used, the aim of which is to direct a part of the light emitted by the emitter 1 towards the receiver 2.
  • the receiver Under normal ambient conditions, the receiver receives a basic illumination leading the detector 2 to a standby state (v, figure 4). In the presence of smoke, the basic lighting is superimposed on the lighting linked to the light scattered by the smoke particles. Receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal (a, figure 4).
  • the loss of the cover 4 leads to saturation of the sensor resulting in an alarm state.
  • the method used here to perform the self-check is valid regardless of the type of transmitter and regardless of the type of receiver: It is also independent of the type of treatment used, it remains valid regardless of the nature of the light emitted , continuous signal or pulsed signal of any shape.
  • the element used to direct the light can be of various types: light guide, optical fiber or others.
  • a receiver is used with a large sensitive surface, part of which directly receives the illumination from the transmitter through a window 9 of the screen 3.
  • This window can be arranged on the edge of the screen.
  • two receivers are used, one 2a being protected from the light emitted by the transmitter 1, the other 2b being subjected to all or part, directly or indirectly of the illumination due to the transmitter 1.
  • the receiver 2a In the presence of smoke, the receiver 2a being subjected to an illumination, its characteristics change, the receiver 2b remaining in a state close to its initial state.
  • the reception assembly 2 therefore evolves towards a new equilibrium leading the detector to an alarm state.
  • a transmitter 1 with a wide aperture angle A is used, and a receiver 2 whose field of vision is defined by a wide angle B.
  • the screen 3 is arranged between the transmitter and the receiver, so that the receiver does not directly receive an illumination from the transmitter.
  • the screen 3 must not completely block the opening angles A and B.
  • the edge of the screen 3 diffuses the light emitted by the transmitter, so that the receiver receives a diffused illumination which places it in the standby state (v, FIG. 4).
  • the illumination received by the receiver is higher than the previous one and the receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal a.
  • the fault signal is sent.
  • two transmitters 1a and 1b and two receivers 2a and 2b are used, associated in pairs, 1a-2a 1b-2b respectively.
  • the emitters 1 a, 1 emit light at different frequencies, fa and fb respectively.
  • Each transmitter 1a, 1b directly illuminates its associated receiver 2a, 2b respectively. This situation corresponds to the waking state. If either of the transmitters or receivers breaks down, or if a receiver no longer receives light, the fault signal appears.
  • the presence of smoke in the sensor means that by diffusion, part of the light of frequency fa emitted by the transmitter 1a is received by the receiver 2b, and the alarm signal is emitted.
  • the symbolic diagram in FIG. 13 shows a typical application of the electronic signal processing of this self-checking device.
  • the receiver 2a is followed by a bandpass filter 18 of central frequency fa, which supplies an input to a comparator 19, the other input 20 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the receiver 2b is followed by a filter 21 of central frequency fb supplying an input of a comparator 22, the other input 23 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the outputs of the two comparators 19 and 22 are connected to an OR gate 24 delivering the fault signal in the event of one of the comparators switching over due to non-transmission by one of the receivers 2a and 2b of a frequency signal fa and fb respectively.
  • the output of the receiver 2b is connected to a filter 25 whose central frequency is fa.
  • the output of the filter 25 supplies an input to a comparator 26, the other input 27 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the comparator 26 switches and delivers an alarm signal a at its output.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the self-checking of the sensor of an optical diffusion smoke detector, by self-checking of the transmitter and of the receiver, as well as of the path optic between transmitter and receiver in most cases.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

1. Self-monitoring diffusion optical smoke detector of the type comprising a light-emitter device (1) and a light-receiver device (2) in a chamber open to smoke, the light-receiver device constantly receiving during surveillance part of the light emitted by the emitter device (1) so as to ensure the self-monitoring of the detector, characterised in that the emitter device (1) comprises an emitter with a wide angle of aperture (A), the receiver device (2) comprises a receiver with a wide angle of aperture (B) and the emitter and the receiver are disposed opposite each other, a screen (3) being disposed between them, which does not completely obturate the angles of aperture (A and B), such that, in the state of surveillance, the edge of the screen (3) ensures diffusion towards the receiver (2) of part of the light emitted by the emitter (1).

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé d'autocontrôle pour détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion, et des détecteurs optiques mettant en oeuvre ce procédés.The invention relates to a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, and to optical detectors implementing this method.

1 est connu d'utiliser des détecteurs optiques de fumée à diffusion, en particulier pour la prévention des incendies. Ces détecteurs optiques comportent essentiellement un capteur, un circuit de traitement du signal délivré par le capteur et des moyens de transmission du signal traité. Le capteur (figure 1) se compose d'un émetteur 1, d'un récepteur 2 et d'un écran 3 évitant que la lumière émise n'arrive directement sur le récepteur. Ces trois éléments sont mis dans un capot 4 comportant un système de chicanes 5 dont le but est de permettre la pénétration des fumées dans le capteur et d'éviter toute propagation de la lumière ambiante vers l'intérieur du capteur. En outre, le capot 4 est muni intérieurement d'un revêtement mat ou de toute disposition géométrique afin d'éviter une réflexion parasite vers le récepteur, de la lumière émise par l'émetteur. A l'état de veille, le récepteur de ce type de capteur ne reçoit donc aucun éclairement.1 is known to use optical diffusion smoke detectors, in particular for fire prevention. These optical detectors essentially comprise a sensor, a circuit for processing the signal delivered by the sensor and means for transmitting the processed signal. The sensor (Figure 1) consists of a transmitter 1, a receiver 2 and a screen 3 preventing the emitted light from coming directly to the receiver. These three elements are placed in a cover 4 comprising a baffle system 5 whose purpose is to allow the penetration of fumes into the sensor and to avoid any propagation of ambient light towards the interior of the sensor. In addition, the cover 4 is internally provided with a matt coating or any geometrical arrangement in order to avoid parasitic reflection towards the receiver, of the light emitted by the transmitter. In the standby state, the receiver of this type of sensor therefore receives no illumination.

En cas de feu (figure 2), les fumées pénètrent à l'intérieur du capot par l'intermédiaire des chicanes 5. Les particules 6 vont se trouver sur le trajet de la lumière émise par l'émetteur et vont diffuser cette lumière dans toutes les directions. Le récepteur 2 va donc être activé par cet éclairement, un circuit de traitement classique permettant alors de signaler l'alarme.In the event of a fire (Figure 2), the smoke penetrates inside the hood via the baffles 5. The particles 6 will be on the path of the light emitted by the emitter and will diffuse this light in all directions. The receiver 2 will therefore be activated by this illumination, a conventional processing circuit then making it possible to signal the alarm.

Le principal inconvénient de ce type de détecteur réside dans le fait qu'à l'état de veille, le récepteur ne recevant aucun éclairement, il est impossible de savoir si l'émetteur et le récepteur seront en état de signaler une alarme, lors d'un feu.The main drawback of this type of detector lies in the fact that in the standby state, the receiver receiving no illumination, it is impossible to know whether the transmitter and the receiver will be able to signal an alarm, during 'a fire.

Pour résoudre ce problème, le brevet GB-341 085 propose un détecteur optique de fumées, à diffusion, dans lequel un capteur accessible aux fumées comporte un émetteur de lumière et un récepteur de lumière, et selon lequel une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur est en permanence reçue par le récepteur qui délivre un signal correspondant à l'état de veille, dr sorte que la variation du signal de veille, en raison d'une panne ou d'une fumée, déclenche respectivement une information de dérangement ou une information d'alarme.To solve this problem, patent GB-341,085 proposes an optical smoke detector, with diffusion, in which a sensor accessible to smoke comprises a light emitter and a light receiver, and according to which part of the light emitted by the the transmitter is permanently received by the receiver which delivers a signal corresponding to the standby state, so that the variation of the standby signal, due to a fault or smoke, respectively triggers fault information or alarm information.

Dans un autre ordre d'idées, le brevet GB-A-936.623 décrit un détecteur de flammes et de fumées à deux cellules sensibles l'une dans l'infra-rouge, l'autre dans la veille, mais ce détecteur n'est pas équipé d'un autocontrôle.In another vein, patent GB-A-936,623 describes a flame and smoke detector with two sensitive cells, one in the infrared, the other in the day before, but this detector is not not equipped with self-checking.

La présente invention a pour objet un détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion autocontrôlé, du type comportant, dans un capteur accessible aux fumées, un dispositif émetteur de lumière et un dispositif récepteur de lumière recevant en permanence à l'état de veille une partie de la lumière émise par le dispositif émetteur pour assurer l'autocontrôle du détecteur, caractérisé en ce que:

  • le dispositif émetteur est constitué par un émetteur à grand angle d'ouverture; le dispositif récepteur est constitué par un récepteur à grand angle d'ouverture; et l'émetteur et le récepteur sont disposés vis-à-vis l'un de l'autre avec interposition d'un écran qui n'obture pas complètement les angles d'ouverture, de sorte que, à l'état de veille, le bord de l'écran assure unè diffusion, vers le récepteur d'une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur.
The present invention relates to an optical smoke detector with self-controlled diffusion, of the type comprising, in a sensor accessible to smoke, a light emitting device and a light receiving device permanently receiving in the standby state a part of the light emitted by the emitting device to ensure the self-checking of the detector, characterized in that:
  • the transmitter device is constituted by a transmitter with a large opening angle; the receiving device consists of a receiver with a large opening angle; and the transmitter and the receiver are arranged opposite one another with the interposition of a screen which does not completely close the opening angles, so that, in the standby state, the edge of the screen diffuses part of the light emitted by the emitter to the receiver.

Selon d'autres modes de réalisation de l'invention:

  • Le dispositif émetteur est constitué d'un premier et d'un deuxiéme émetteurs, émettant respectivement de la lumière à des fréquences différentes; le dispositif récepteur est constitué d'un premier et d'un deuxième récepteurs, le premier et le deuxième émetteurs éclairent respectivement le premier et le deuxième récepteurs à l'état de veille; et le deuxième récepteur est susceptible de recevoir, par diffusion en cas de présence de fumée, de la lumière en provenance du premier émetteur, de sorte que la réception par le deuxième récepteur d'une lumière de fréquence caractéristique du premier émetteur déclenche le signal d'alarme.
According to other embodiments of the invention:
  • The emitting device consists of a first and a second emitter, respectively emitting light at different frequencies; the receiving device consists of a first and a second receiver, the first and the second transmitters respectively illuminate the first and the second receivers in the standby state; and the second receiver is capable of receiving, by diffusion in the presence of smoke, light from the first transmitter, so that the reception by the second receiver of a light of frequency characteristic of the first transmitter triggers the signal d 'alarm.

Le dispositif récepteur est constitué d'un premier et d'un second récepteurs, et le second récepteur est seul soumis, à l'état de veille, à l'éclairement en provenance de l'émetteur de sorte que, en cas de fumée, la réception par le premier récepteur de lumière en provenance de l'émetteur déclenche le signal d'alarme.The receiving device consists of first and second receivers, and the second receiver is only subjected, in the standby state, to the illumination coming from the transmitter so that, in the event of smoke, reception by the first light receiver from the transmitter triggers the alarm signal.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortent de la description qui suit faite avec référence au dessin annexé sur lequel on peut voir:

  • Figure 1, une vue schématique en coupe du capteur d'un détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion de type connu, à l'état de veille;
  • Figure 2, une vue du capteur de la figure 1 à l'état d'alarme;
  • Figure 3, une vue d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un capteur de détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion selon l'invention, à réflecteur;
  • Figure 4, une représentation des différents signaux susceptibles d'être délivrés par un capteur selon l'invention;
  • Figure 5, un schéma symbolique simplifié du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 3, dans le cas d'un signal lumineux continu;
  • Figure 6, un schéma symbolique simplifié d'une variante de réalisation du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 3 dans le cas d'un signal lumineux pulsé;
  • Figure 7, une vue d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à guide optique;
  • Figure 8, une vue d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à fenêtre;
  • Figure 9, une vue d'un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à récepteur secondaire;
  • Figure 10, un schéma symbolique simplifié du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 9;
  • Figure 11, une vue d'un cinquième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à écran central;
  • Figure 12, une vue d'un sixième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention, à ensemble récepteur-émetteur auxiliaire;
  • Figure 13, un schéma symbolique simplifié du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 12.
Other characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing in which we can see:
  • Figure 1, a schematic sectional view of the sensor of an optical diffusion smoke detector of known type, in the standby state;
  • Figure 2, a view of the sensor of Figure 1 in the alarm state;
  • Figure 3, a view of a first embodiment of an optical diffusion smoke detector sensor according to the invention, with reflector;
  • Figure 4, a representation of the various signals capable of being delivered by a sensor according to the invention;
  • Figure 5, a simplified symbolic diagram of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of Figure 3, in the case of a continuous light signal;
  • Figure 6, a simplified symbolic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of Figure 3 in the case of a pulsed light signal;
  • Figure 7, a view of a second embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an optical guide;
  • Figure 8, a view of a third embodiment of a window sensor according to the invention;
  • Figure 9, a view of a fourth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with secondary receiver;
  • Figure 10, a simplified symbolic diagram of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of FIG. 9;
  • Figure 11, a view of a fifth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with central screen;
  • Figure 12, a view of a sixth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, with auxiliary receiver-transmitter assembly;
  • Figure 13, a simplified symbolic diagram of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of Figure 12.

En se reportant à la figure 3, on voit que l'accessoire utilisé est un élément réflecteur 7 dont le rôle est de renvoyer une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur 1 vers le récepteur 2. Dans ces conditions, en l'absence de fumée, le récepteur reçoit un faible éclairement conduisant pour le détecteur à un état de veille correspondant à la ligne v du milieu sur la figure 4.Referring to Figure 3, we see that the accessory used is a reflective element 7 whose role is to return some of the light emitted by the transmitter 1 to the receiver 2. Under these conditions, in the absence smoke, the receiver receives a weak illumination leading for the detector to a standby state corresponding to the line v of the medium in FIG. 4.

En présence de fumée, les particules en suspension 6 diffusent la lumière provenant de l'émetteur 1 dans toutes les directions. Un éclairement supplémentaire lié à la diffusion par les particules 6 vient alors s'ajouter à l'éclairement dû au réflecteur 7, ce qui conduit à l'état d'alarme correspondant à la ligne a de la figure 4.In the presence of smoke, the suspended particles 6 diffuse the light coming from the emitter 1 in all directions. An additional illumination linked to the diffusion by the particles 6 is then added to the illumination due to the reflector 7, which leads to the alarm state corresponding to the line a in FIG. 4.

Si l'émetteur 1 ou le récepteur 2 est défaillant, ou si le chemin optique entre eux est obturé, le signal délivré par le capteur est modifié par diminution ou suppression conduisant pour le détecteur à un état de dérangement, ligne d de la figure 4.If the transmitter 1 or the receiver 2 is faulty, or if the optical path between them is blocked, the signal delivered by the sensor is modified by reduction or suppression leading for the detector to a fault state, line d of FIG. 4 .

Dans ce cas on assure l'autocontrôle de tous les éléments du capteur: émetteur, récepteur et chemin optique entre l'émetteur 1 et le récepteur 2. La perte du capot conduisant à une saturation du récepteur se traduit par un état d'alarme.In this case, all the elements of the sensor are self-controlled: transmitter, receiver and optical path between transmitter 1 and receiver 2. The loss of the cover leading to saturation of the receiver results in an alarm state.

La méthode utilisée ici pour réaliser l'autocontrôle est valable quel que soit le type d'émetteur et quel que soit le type de récepteur.The method used here to carry out the self-check is valid whatever the type of transmitter and whatever the type of receiver.

L'élément 7 utilisé comme réflecteur peut être de différente forme: miroir, fil calibré ou autre.The element 7 used as a reflector can be of different shape: mirror, calibrated wire or other.

Le procédé s'applique indépendamment du type de traitement de signaux utilisé et quelle que soit la nature de la lumière émise: signal continu (figure 5) ou signal pulsé (figure 6).The method applies regardless of the type of signal processing used and whatever the nature of the light emitted: continuous signal (Figure 5) or pulsed signal (Figure 6).

Sur la figure 5, l'émetteur de lumière est une diode électroluminescente 1 et le récepteur est un phototransistor 2 monté dans un pont avec une résistance 10. Deux potentiomètres 11 et 12 sont également montés en pont, leurs prises alimentant l'une des entrées de deux comparateurs 13 et 14. Le réglage des potentiomètres 11 et 12 permet d'ajuster les seuils d'alarme et de dérangement, respectivement. Le point milieu du pont, entre le transistor 2 et la résistance 10, est relié à l'autre entrée de chacun des deux comparateurs 13 et 14. Le basculement des comparateurs 13 et 14 délivre respectivement le signal d'alarme a et de dérangement d.In FIG. 5, the light emitter is a light-emitting diode 1 and the receiver is a phototransistor 2 mounted in a bridge with a resistor 10. Two potentiometers 11 and 12 are also mounted in bridge, their sockets supplying one of the inputs two comparators 13 and 14. The adjustment of potentiometers 11 and 12 makes it possible to adjust the alarm and fault thresholds, respectively. The midpoint of the bridge, between the transistor 2 and the resistor 10, is connected to the other input of each of the two comparators 13 and 14. The switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and of fault d .

Sur le circuit de la figure 6, le signal issu de l'émetteur 1 est pulsé au moyen d'un oscillateur 15. Le récepteur 2 est accordé à l'émetteur 1 grâce à une porte électronique 16 qui alimente un circuit de mise en forme 17. Le signal mis en forme est ensuite analysé au moyen de deux comparateurs 13 et 14 dont l'autre entrée est alimentéeau moyen des potentiomètres 11 et 12 respectivement. Le basculement des comparateurs 13 et 14 délivre respectivement le signal d'alarme a et de dérangement d.On the circuit of Figure 6, the signal from the transmitter 1 is pulsed by means of an oscillator 15. The receiver 2 is tuned to the transmitter 1 through an electronic gate 16 which supplies a shaping circuit 17. The formatted signal is then analyzed by means of two comparators 13 and 14, the other input of which is supplied by means of potentiometers 11 and 12 respectively. The switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.

Dans la variante d'autocontrôle de la figure 7, on utilise un composant 8 dont le but est de diriger une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur 1 vers le récepteur 2.In the self-checking variant of FIG. 7, a component 8 is used, the aim of which is to direct a part of the light emitted by the emitter 1 towards the receiver 2.

Le principe d'autocontrôle est identique à celui du cas précédent.The principle of self-checking is identical to that of the previous case.

Dans des conditions ambiantes normales, le récepteur reçoit un éclairement de base conduisant le détecteur 2 à un état de veille (v, figure 4). En présence de fumée, à l'éclairement de base se superpose un éclairement lié à I lumière diffusée par les particules de la fumée. La récepteur 2 délivre alors un signal d'alarme (a, figure 4).Under normal ambient conditions, the receiver receives a basic illumination leading the detector 2 to a standby state (v, figure 4). In the presence of smoke, the basic lighting is superimposed on the lighting linked to the light scattered by the smoke particles. Receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal (a, figure 4).

Si l'émetteur ou le récepteur est défaillant, on a une modification du signal délivré par le capteur: soit une diminution, soit sa disparition, ce qui se traduit pour le détecteur par un état de dérangement (d, figure 4). Dans ce cas, on réalise un autocontrôle de l'émetteur, du récepteur et du guide de lumière.If the transmitter or the receiver is faulty, there is a modification of the signal delivered by the sensor: either a reduction, or its disappearance, which results for the detector by a fault state (d, figure 4). In this case, a self-check of the emitter, the receiver and the light guide is carried out.

La perte du capot 4 conduit à une saturation du capteur entraînant un état d'alarme.The loss of the cover 4 leads to saturation of the sensor resulting in an alarm state.

La méthode utilisée ici pour réaliser l'autocontrôle est valable quel que soit le type d'émetteur et quel que soit le type de récepteur: Elle est également indépendante du type de traitement utilisé, elle reste valable quelle que soit la nature de la lumière émise, signal continu ou signal pulsé de forme quelconque.The method used here to perform the self-check is valid regardless of the type of transmitter and regardless of the type of receiver: It is also independent of the type of treatment used, it remains valid regardless of the nature of the light emitted , continuous signal or pulsed signal of any shape.

L'élément utilisé pour diriger la lumière peut être de types divers: guide lumière, fibre optique ou autres.The element used to direct the light can be of various types: light guide, optical fiber or others.

Dans le cas de la figure 8, on utilise un récepteur à grande surface sensible, dont une partie reçoit directement l'éclairement de l'émetteur par une fenêtre 9 de l'écran 3. Cette fenêtre peut être ménagée sur le bord de l'écran.In the case of FIG. 8, a receiver is used with a large sensitive surface, part of which directly receives the illumination from the transmitter through a window 9 of the screen 3. This window can be arranged on the edge of the screen.

Le fonctionnement du capteur est le même que dans les cas précédents. On réalise un autocontrôle de tous les éléments du capteur: émetteur, récepteur, et chemin optique direct entre émetteur et récepteur.The operation of the sensor is the same as in the previous cases. We carry out a self-check of all the elements of the sensor: transmitter, receiver, and direct optical path between transmitter and receiver.

Dans le cas de la figure 9, on utilise deux récepteurs, l'un 2a étant protégé de la lumière émise par l'émetteur 1, l'autre 2b étant soumis à tout ou partie, directement ou indirectement de l'éclairement dû à l'émetteur 1.In the case of FIG. 9, two receivers are used, one 2a being protected from the light emitted by the transmitter 1, the other 2b being subjected to all or part, directly or indirectly of the illumination due to the transmitter 1.

L'ensemble des deux récepteurs est considéré comme un élément unique pour le traitement du signal (Figure 10).The combination of the two receivers is considered to be a single element for signal processing (Figure 10).

Dans des conditions ambiantes normales, le système a un certain état d'équilibre, ce qui se traduit pour le détecteur par un état de veille.Under normal ambient conditions, the system has a certain state of equilibrium, which results for the detector in a standby state.

En présence de fumée, le récepteur 2a étant soumis à un éclairement, ses caractéristiques évoluent, le récepteur 2b restant à un état proche de son état initial. L'ensemble de réception 2 évolue donc vers un nouvel équilibre conduisant le détecteur à un état d'alarme.In the presence of smoke, the receiver 2a being subjected to an illumination, its characteristics change, the receiver 2b remaining in a state close to its initial state. The reception assembly 2 therefore evolves towards a new equilibrium leading the detector to an alarm state.

Dans le cas de la figure 11, on utilise um émetteur 1 à grand angle d'ouverture A, et un récepteur 2 dont le champ de vision est défini par un grand angle B. L'écran 3 est disposé entre l'émetteur et le récepteur, de façon que le récepteur ne reçoive pas directement un éclairement en provenance de l'émetteur. L'écran 3 ne doit pas obturer complètement les angles d'ouverture A et B.In the case of FIG. 11, a transmitter 1 with a wide aperture angle A is used, and a receiver 2 whose field of vision is defined by a wide angle B. The screen 3 is arranged between the transmitter and the receiver, so that the receiver does not directly receive an illumination from the transmitter. The screen 3 must not completely block the opening angles A and B.

Le bord de l'écran 3 assure une diffusion de la lumière émise par l'émetteur, de sorte que le récepteur reçoit un éclairement diffusé qui le place à l'état de veille (v, figure 4).The edge of the screen 3 diffuses the light emitted by the transmitter, so that the receiver receives a diffused illumination which places it in the standby state (v, FIG. 4).

En présence de fumée, l'éclairement reçu par le récepteur est supérieur au précédent et le récepteur 2 délivre alors un signal d'alarme a. En cas de défaut de l'émetteur ou du récepteur, ou d'obturation du chemin optique, le signal de dérangement est émis.In the presence of smoke, the illumination received by the receiver is higher than the previous one and the receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal a. In the event of a fault in the transmitter or receiver, or the optical path is blocked, the fault signal is sent.

Dans la variante de réalisation de la figure 12, on utilise deux émetteurs 1a et 1b et deux récepteurs 2a et 2b, associés deux par deux, 1a-2a 1b-2b respectivement. Les émetteurs 1 a, 1 émettent de la lumière à des fréquences différentes, fa et fb respectivement. Chaque émetteur 1a, 1b éclaire directement son récepteur associé 2a, 2b respectivement. Cette situation correspond àl'état de veille. Si l'un ou l'autre des émetteurs ou des récepteurs tombe en panne, ou si un récepteur ne reçoit plus de lumière, le signal de dérangement apparît.In the alternative embodiment of FIG. 12, two transmitters 1a and 1b and two receivers 2a and 2b are used, associated in pairs, 1a-2a 1b-2b respectively. The emitters 1 a, 1 emit light at different frequencies, fa and fb respectively. Each transmitter 1a, 1b directly illuminates its associated receiver 2a, 2b respectively. This situation corresponds to the waking state. If either of the transmitters or receivers breaks down, or if a receiver no longer receives light, the fault signal appears.

Lors d'un incendie, la présence de fumée dans le capteur fait que par diffusion, une partie de la lumière de fréquence fa émise par l'émetteur 1a est reçue par le récepteur 2b, et le signal d'alarme est émis.During a fire, the presence of smoke in the sensor means that by diffusion, part of the light of frequency fa emitted by the transmitter 1a is received by the receiver 2b, and the alarm signal is emitted.

Le schéma symbolique de la figure 13 montre une application typique du traitement électronique des signaux de ce dispositif d'autocontrôle.The symbolic diagram in FIG. 13 shows a typical application of the electronic signal processing of this self-checking device.

Le récepteur 2a est suivi d'un filtre passe-bande 18 de fréquence centrale fa, qui alimente une entrée d'un comparateur 19 dont l'autre entrée 20 est alimentée par une tension de référence définissant un seuil de basculement. De même, le récepteur 2b est suivi d'un filtre 21 de fréquence centrale fb alimentant une entrée d'un comparateur 22 dont l'autre entrée 23 est alimentée par une tension de référence définissant un seuil de basculement.The receiver 2a is followed by a bandpass filter 18 of central frequency fa, which supplies an input to a comparator 19, the other input 20 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold. Likewise, the receiver 2b is followed by a filter 21 of central frequency fb supplying an input of a comparator 22, the other input 23 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.

Les sorties des deux comparateurs 19 et 22 sont reliées à une porte OU 24 délivrant le signal de dérangement en cas de basculement de l'un ou l'autre des comparateurs par suite de la non- transmission par l'un des récepteurs 2a et 2b d'un signal de fréquence fa et fb respectivement..The outputs of the two comparators 19 and 22 are connected to an OR gate 24 delivering the fault signal in the event of one of the comparators switching over due to non-transmission by one of the receivers 2a and 2b of a frequency signal fa and fb respectively.

La sortie du récepteur 2b est reliée à un filtre 25 dont la fréquence centrale est fa. La sortie du filtre 25 alimente une entrée d'un comparateur 26 dont l'autre entrée 27 est alimentée par une tension de référence définissant un seuil de basculement. Lorsque le récepteur 2b reçoit un éclairement de fréquence fa en provenance de l'émetteur 1a, le comparateur 26 bascule et délivre à sa sortie un signal d'alarme a.The output of the receiver 2b is connected to a filter 25 whose central frequency is fa. The output of the filter 25 supplies an input to a comparator 26, the other input 27 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold. When the receiver 2b receives a frequency illumination fa from the transmitter 1a, the comparator 26 switches and delivers an alarm signal a at its output.

Ainsi, on peut remarquer que dans l'ensemble, le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'assurer l'autocontrôle du capteur d'un détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion, par autocontrôle de l'émetteur et du récepteur, ainsi que du chemin optique entre émetteur et récepteur dans la plupart des cas.Thus, it can be noted that overall, the device according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the self-checking of the sensor of an optical diffusion smoke detector, by self-checking of the transmitter and of the receiver, as well as of the path optic between transmitter and receiver in most cases.

Claims (3)

1. Self-monitoring diffusion optical smoke detector of the type comprising a light-emitter device (1) and a light-receiver device (2) in a chamber open to smoke, the light-receiver device constantly receiving during surveillance part of the light emitted by the emitter device (1) so as to ensure the self-monitoring of the detector, characterised in that the emitter device (1) comprises an emitter with a wide angle of aperture (A), the receiver device (2) comprises a receiver with a wide angle of aperture (B) and the emitter and the receiver are disposed opposite each other, a screen (3) being disposed between them, which does not completely obturate the angles of aperture (A and B), such that, in the state of surveillance, the edge of the screen (3) ensures diffusion towards the receiver (2) of part of the light emitted by the emitter (1).
2. Self-monitoring diffusion optical smoke detector of the type comprising a light-emitter device (1) and a light-receiver device (2) in a chamber open to smoke, the light-receiver device constantly receiving during surveillance part of the light emitted by the emitter device (1) so as to ensure the self-monitoring of the detector, characterised in that the emitter device comprises a first (1a) and a second (1b) emitter, emitting light at different frequencies, (fa, fb) respectively, the receiver device comprising a first (2a) and a second receiver (2b), the first and the second emitters (1a, 1 b) illuminating the first (2a) and the second (2b) receivers respectively in the state of surveillance, the second receiver (2b) being capable of receiving light from the first emitter, by diffusion if there is smoke present, such that, when the second receiver (2a) receives light at a frequency (fa) characteristic of the first emitter, the alarm signal is triggered.
3. Self-monitoring diffusion optical smoke detector of the type comprising a light-emitter device (1) and a light-receiver device (2) in a chamber open to smoke, the light-receiver device constantly receiving during surveillance part of the light emitted by the emitter device (1) so as to ensure the self-monitoring of the detector, characterised in that the receiver device comprises a first (2a) and a second (2b) receiver, the second receiver alone receiving, in the state of surveillance, light from the emitter (1), such that, when there is smoke present, the reception by the first receiver (2a) of light from the emitter (1) triggers the alarm signal.
EP80401886A 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking Expired EP0055319B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80401886A EP0055319B1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking
DE8080401886T DE3070136D1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking
AT80401886T ATE11706T1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 LIGHT DIFFUSED SMOKE DETECTOR WITH SELF-MONITORING.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80401886A EP0055319B1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0055319A1 EP0055319A1 (en) 1982-07-07
EP0055319B1 true EP0055319B1 (en) 1985-02-06

Family

ID=8187415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401886A Expired EP0055319B1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0055319B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE11706T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3070136D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9001415A (en) * 1990-06-21 1992-01-16 Ajax De Boer B V OPTICAL SMOKE, AEROSOL AND DUST DETECTOR AND FIRE RELEASE DEVICE WITH OPTICAL DETECTOR.
GB9014015D0 (en) * 1990-06-23 1990-08-15 Dennis Peter N J Improvements in or relating to smoke detectors
GB2273769B (en) * 1992-12-15 1996-08-28 Stephen Henry Ellwood Proportional light scattering sensor
FR2736183B1 (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-10-03 Automatismes Sicli OPTICAL SCATTERED SMOKE DETECTOR
GB2342987B (en) * 1998-10-20 2003-03-19 David Appleby Improved smoke sensor with a fault monitoring capability
DE102013002859B4 (en) 2013-02-20 2018-08-23 Detectomat Gmbh Device for detecting smoke in a room and method for checking the functionality of such a device
ES2823182T3 (en) 2016-07-19 2021-05-06 Autronica Fire & Security As System and method for verifying the operational integrity of a smoke detector
JP7163227B2 (en) * 2019-03-19 2022-10-31 能美防災株式会社 Smoke detectors

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB341086A (en) * 1928-10-30 1931-01-12 Kidde & Co Walter Improvements relating to the detection of foreign matter in fluids
US3122638A (en) * 1959-01-22 1964-02-25 Pyrotector Inc Infrared detector system for flame and particle detection
US3417392A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-12-17 Julian E. Hansen Sr. Fire detector
GB1172353A (en) * 1966-02-16 1969-11-26 Pyrene Co Ltd Improvements relating to Smoke Detectors
GB1446646A (en) * 1973-09-20 1976-08-18 Chubb Fire Security Ltd Smoke detector
CH592933A5 (en) * 1976-04-05 1977-11-15 Cerberus Ag

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE11706T1 (en) 1985-02-15
DE3070136D1 (en) 1985-03-21
EP0055319A1 (en) 1982-07-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9666048B2 (en) Scattered light smoke detector of the open type, in particular having a sidelooker led
EP2617018B1 (en) Smoke detection circuit, smoke detector comprising said circuit and alarm device comprising both the circuit and the detector
CH636461A5 (en) SAFETY ALARM INSTALLATION.
EP0186226B1 (en) Intrusion detection system with an anti-masking device
EP0278820B1 (en) Fibre-optical detection apparatus involving proper-functioning control
EP0055319B1 (en) Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking
FR2484639A1 (en) OPTICAL FIBER TEMPERATURE MEASURING DEVICE
FR2723448A1 (en) DEVICE FOR DETECTING WATER OR THE LIKE ON ICE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
FR2763699A1 (en) OPTOELECTRONIC DETECTOR
FR2689072A1 (en) Lighting and / or signaling device used in a foggy situation.
US6239710B1 (en) Smoke detector
EP0841031B1 (en) Optical safety device for cooking appliance
EP3237888A1 (en) Optical detector of a value of an atmospheric physical quantity representative of a danger
FR2817048A1 (en) Elevator door safety detection Method that scans the door area for obstructions or persons approaching the doors with emitters and detectors
EP0247940B1 (en) Surveillance arrangement using optical fibres
EP0245563B1 (en) Optico-electronic level detector with double pick-up elements
GB2207999A (en) Safety systems
FR2666163A1 (en) Opto-electronic device for detecting smoke or gas in suspension in air
CN211504405U (en) Novel light path color measuring instrument
EP0533534A1 (en) Device for absorbing or emitting light for contactless testing of objects
JPH0452550A (en) Optical smoke sensor and optical smoke detector
KR100382592B1 (en) infrared sensing apparatus
EP0497649A1 (en) Method and device for testing the surface condition of a light transmitting optical element
FR2708100A1 (en) Device for determining the pressure exerted on a seal of a leaf (door), in particular of a motor vehicle
EP0515273A1 (en) Optical device for the recognition of window tints

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820728

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19850206

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 19850206

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19850206

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 11706

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19850215

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3070136

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19850321

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19851231

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: CERBERUS AG

Effective date: 19851106

RDAG Patent revoked

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009271

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT REVOKED

27W Patent revoked

Effective date: 19870927

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: CIE CENTRALE SICLI S.A.

Effective date: 19871231

GBPR Gb: patent revoked under art. 102 of the ep convention designating the uk as contracting state
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 7102

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 80401886.9

Effective date: 19880912