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EP0053253B1 - Inhalator device for test animals - Google Patents

Inhalator device for test animals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0053253B1
EP0053253B1 EP81108263A EP81108263A EP0053253B1 EP 0053253 B1 EP0053253 B1 EP 0053253B1 EP 81108263 A EP81108263 A EP 81108263A EP 81108263 A EP81108263 A EP 81108263A EP 0053253 B1 EP0053253 B1 EP 0053253B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
animal
openings
inhalation apparatus
tubes
channels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81108263A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0053253A2 (en
EP0053253A3 (en
Inventor
Richard Dr. Bung
Hartmut Dr. Giesbrecht
Wolfgang Dr. Leuckel
Hans-Joachim Dr. Klimisch
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication date
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Priority to AT81108263T priority Critical patent/ATE13384T1/en
Publication of EP0053253A2 publication Critical patent/EP0053253A2/en
Publication of EP0053253A3 publication Critical patent/EP0053253A3/en
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Publication of EP0053253B1 publication Critical patent/EP0053253B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
    • A61D7/04—Devices for anaesthetising animals by gases or vapours; Inhaling devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inhalation apparatus for experimental animals for examining the biological effect of substances that are admixed with the breathing air, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • inhalation devices have mainly been used up to now, in which the breathing air to be examined is directed into a distribution chamber and from there is distributed through openings in the chamber wall into connected animal tubes filled with the test animals. All breathing air flows past the test animals and escapes into the environment at the end of the animal tube, or a partial flow of the breathing air is led through the animal tubes, provided the distribution chamber is connected to an exhaust system (open overpressure mode of operation).
  • the experimental animals mostly rodents and rats, are sufficiently exposed to the air they breathe, which is mostly unknown in their toxicity, but not only in the head and nose area, but also with their body surface, which leads to undesirable fur contamination.
  • at least part of the air we breathe gets into the environment. This in turn requires protective measures such as a shelter, room ventilation and extraction.
  • devices of this type can only be started up when they are occupied; during this time there are undefined inflow conditions.
  • the inhalation device is shown schematically. It essentially consists of a distribution chamber 1, a vacuum chamber 2 extending directly next to it and parallel to it, and animal tubes 3 which can be connected to these chambers shown), in which the toxicologically investigated pollutants are added to the breathing air.
  • the sub Pressure chamber 2 is connected to a waste disposal system (not shown in the drawing), which is under vacuum, via a collecting hood 6 opposite in the flow direction.
  • a waste disposal system not shown in the drawing
  • the entire inhalation apparatus is rotatably held about a horizontal axis in a mobile frame 7 by means of a pivot bearing 8 for easy handling and flexible use.
  • a wall 9 separating the distribution chamber 1 and the vacuum chamber 2 has openings 10 arranged in several rows, to which the animal tubes 3 are attached directly or at a distance with their head part end.
  • the animal tubes 3 made of transparent plastic or glass are each composed of a head part 11 and a fuselage part 12, which are connected by a transition 13.
  • the transition is provided with openings 14 which are distributed over the circumference in the form of bores.
  • a recess 15 is provided in the body part of the animal tube for the excretions of the animal.
  • the cross section of the head part of the animal tube is in the form of a circle or polygon, preferably a hexagon. As a result, the tube cannot be sealed by the head of the test animal, so that a safe flow through the head part is ensured. It is therefore also expedient to make the openings 14 in the corners of the polygon.
  • supports 16 connected to the outer wall 21 of the vacuum chamber 2 are provided.
  • the negative pressure at the openings 14 at the transition 13 of the animal tubes 3 can be generated, for example, in that the animal tubes attached to the openings 10 of the distribution chamber 1 are wholly or partly, but at least up to the transition 13 in the negative pressure chamber 2.
  • the vacuum chamber is open to the end of the trunk of the animal tubes to such an extent that the animal tubes can be brought up to or removed from the openings 10 and ambient air can be drawn into the vacuum chamber between them.
  • This additionally sucked-in air ensures that the entire air is collected via the collecting hood 6 into the Disposal system-conveyed exhaust air is largely independent of the occupation of the openings 10 with animal tubes.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the inhalation chamber according to the invention, in which the outer wall 21 of the vacuum chamber 2 is set back up to the level of the head part 11 of the animal tube 3, so that when the animal tube is attached, the transition 13 with the openings 14 lies outside the chamber.
  • the animal tubes are easy to handle and the test animals inside can be easily observed.
  • channels 23, which are closed off from the vacuum chamber 2 and taper towards the openings 10 extend in the region of the head part 11 of the animal tube 3 to be received in the form of bores in the channel wall 24 have passages 25 distributed over the channel circumference.
  • the channels 23 are extended at the outer wall openings 22 by cylindrical extensions 26 to the transition 13 of the attached animal tubes 3, the extensions with an annular shoulder 27 of the animal tubes each forming an annular gap 28 between the opposing end faces.
  • the extension 26 and the shoulder 27 can also be dimensioned such that the circumferential surfaces face each other in order to produce a concentric annular gap.
  • Spacer knobs 29 on one surface ensure an annular gap that is defined.
  • the openings 14 of the animal tubes 3 are located in the effective area of the vacuum chamber, so that both the breathing air guided through the head part 11 of the animal tubes and the ambient air flowing in through the fuselage part 12 are sucked into the extension 26 of the channels 23 via these openings .
  • the air mixture which is composed of the exhaust air is discharged into the vacuum chamber via the passages 25 of the channel wall 24.
  • This air flow ensures that the breathing air intended for animal inhalation cannot get into the vicinity of the inhalation device. This is ensured even when animal tubes are not attached, since in this case the breathing air is sucked directly from the openings 10 of the distribution chamber 1 to the passages 25.
  • the animal tubes used in the apparatus are more or less enclosed by the channel wall 24 at their free head end 30 due to the conical shape of the head part 11, depending on the depth of immersion in the channels 23, so that With the help of the resulting annular gap 31, a side stream of the breathing air and thus the amount of breathing air flowing over the head of the test animal can be adjusted.
  • the distributor chamber 1 tapers upwards due to a slight inclination of the chamber outer wall 33, so that the chamber cross section is reduced in view of the decreasing breathing air volume flow in the flow direction.
  • a corresponding cross-sectional expansion of the vacuum chamber 2 is not necessary because of the small pressure loss along the exhaust air flow.
  • the distributor chamber 1 is perforated at its upper end towards the vacuum chamber 2, through bores 34 or other opening forms, in order to support the vertical distribution of the breathing air in the distributor chamber with the partial flow which is thereby fed directly into the vacuum chamber. It is also achieved that the influence of the animal tubes on the pressure and flow conditions in the channels 23 is reduced.
  • the flow diagram shown in FIG. 5 illustrates the volume flow distribution in the inhalation apparatus (for 21 animal tubes).
  • the numerical values entered relate to an operating example. Depending on the size of the apparatus and the examination task, other operating parameters can of course also be selected.
  • the arrows entered in FIG. 3 provide a further illustration of the air flows in the apparatus.
  • the inhalation apparatus For the construction of the inhalation apparatus, it is expedient, because of a stable and yet light construction, to produce individual wall elements 35 (FIGS. 1 and 4) with a deep-drawn channel part 23 and to join them together on their angled circumference 36 by welded connections, for example spot welding, to the outer wall 21 of the vacuum chamber 2 .
  • the partition 9 is connected at the openings 10 to the tapered channel part end 38 of the wall elements formed in a collar 37 in the same way.
  • the attachment of the other wall parts and the structure of the distribution chamber 1 and the hoods 5 and 6 can then be carried out in the manner known to those skilled in the art.
  • the displacement bodies 32 are fastened to the inner wall of the channel parts 23 by means of webs 39.
  • the passages 25 are located near the extension 40.
  • the extensions 26 are inserted into the channels 23 in the form of a frictional connection.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

Inhalation apparatus for test animals for investigating the biological effect of substances mixed with respiratory air. It comprises a distributor chamber which is connected to a respiratory air preparation unit and has several openings, animal tubes connected to the openings and suction devices, connected to a disposal system, for removing the waste air. Each transition piece between the head and trunk of the animal tubes has holes connecting the animal tubes inserted into the apparatus to the suction devices.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Inhalationsapparatur für Versuchstiere zur Untersuchung der biologischen Wirkung von Stoffen, die der Atemluft beigemischt sind, gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an inhalation apparatus for experimental animals for examining the biological effect of substances that are admixed with the breathing air, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

. In Untersuchungslaboratorien werden bisher in der Hauptsache Inhalationsapparaturen verwendet, bei denen die zu untersuchende Atemluft in eine Verteilerkammer geleitet und von dort über Öffnungen in der Kammerwand in daran angeschlossene, mit den Versuchstieren besetzte Tierröhren verteilt wird. Die gesamte Atemluft strömt an den Versuchstieren vorbei und tritt am Tierröhrenende in die Umgebung aus, bzw. ein Teilstrom der Atemluft wird durch die Tierröhren geführt, sofern die Verteilerkammer mit einem Abluftsystem in Verbindung steht (offene Überdruckbetriebsweise). Die Versuchstiere, überwiegend Nagetiere wie Ratten, sind dabei der mit in ihrer Toxizität meist unbekannten Substanzen beladenen Atemluft ausreichend ausgesetzt, jedoch nicht nur im Kopf-Nasen-Bereich, sondern auch mit ihrer Körperoberfläche, was zu unerwünschter Fellkontamination führt. Ferner gelangt zumindest ein Teil der Atemluft in die Umgebung. Dies erfordert wiederum Schutzmassnahmen wie einen Schutzraum, Raumbelüftung sowie -absaugung. Überdies können Apparaturen dieser Bauart aus Sicherheitsgründen nur im besetzten Zustand angefahren werden; während dieser Zeit herrschen undefinierte Zuströmbedingungen.. In investigation laboratories, inhalation devices have mainly been used up to now, in which the breathing air to be examined is directed into a distribution chamber and from there is distributed through openings in the chamber wall into connected animal tubes filled with the test animals. All breathing air flows past the test animals and escapes into the environment at the end of the animal tube, or a partial flow of the breathing air is led through the animal tubes, provided the distribution chamber is connected to an exhaust system (open overpressure mode of operation). The experimental animals, mostly rodents and rats, are sufficiently exposed to the air they breathe, which is mostly unknown in their toxicity, but not only in the head and nose area, but also with their body surface, which leads to undesirable fur contamination. Furthermore, at least part of the air we breathe gets into the environment. This in turn requires protective measures such as a shelter, room ventilation and extraction. Furthermore, for safety reasons, devices of this type can only be started up when they are occupied; during this time there are undefined inflow conditions.

Bekannt sind ferner in geschlossener Unterdruckbetriebsweise arbeitende Apparaturen, bei denen das in einer Zeiteinheit weggeführte Abluftvolumen geringfügig grösser als das in die Verteilerkammer eingeleitete Atemluftvolumen ist. Um zu verhindern, dass dabei die zu untersuchende Atemluft durch infolge der Unterdrucks angesaugte Raumluft verdünnt wird, erhalten entweder die Tierröhren am Ende des Körperteils einen Verschluss oder die Verteilerkammer mit den angesetzten Tierröhren ist in einem gegenüber der Umwelt abgedichteten Gehäuse untergebracht. Derartige Systeme sind in den Publikationen «Proceedings of the European Society for the Study of Drug Toxicity, XV, 1974», Seiten 239-251, und «Toxicology and applied Pharmacology 26, 1973, 264-273» beschrieben. Die Umweltbelastung durch die in der Apparatur strömende Atemluft ist hierbei weitgehend ausgeschlossen, ebenso die Fellkontamination. Eine konstante und reproduzierbare Atemluftkonzentration im Kopf-Nasen-Bereich aller Versuchstiere ist jedoch nicht gewährleistet. Infolge der fehlenden Fellbelüftung und des Wärmestaus in den Tierröhren muss auch mit einem Stresszustand der Tiere gerechnet werden. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, dass die Handhabung der Apparatur bezüglich des Besetzens mit den Tierröhren wegen des Gehäuses erschwert ist. Eine Entnahme von Versuchstieren während der Exposition ist ohne Störung des Versuchsablaufs nicht möglich. Eine vorzeitige Entnahme ist verschiedentlich für pathologische Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen aber notwendig.Also known are apparatuses operating in a closed vacuum mode, in which the exhaust air volume carried away in one time unit is slightly larger than the breathing air volume introduced into the distribution chamber. To prevent the breathing air to be examined from being diluted by room air drawn in as a result of the negative pressure, either the animal tubes at the end of the body part are provided with a closure or the distribution chamber with the attached animal tubes is housed in a housing which is sealed off from the environment. Such systems are described in the publications “Proceedings of the European Society for the Study of Drug Toxicity, XV, 1974”, pages 239-251, and “Toxicology and applied Pharmacology 26, 1973, 264-273”. The environmental pollution caused by the breathing air flowing in the apparatus is largely excluded, as is fur contamination. However, a constant and reproducible breathing air concentration in the head-nose area of all test animals is not guaranteed. Due to the lack of fur ventilation and the heat build-up in the animal tubes, a stressful state of the animals must also be expected. Another disadvantage is that the handling of the apparatus with regard to filling with the animal tubes is difficult because of the housing. It is not possible to remove test animals during exposure without disrupting the course of the experiment. However, early removal is sometimes necessary for pathological examinations and observations.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, eine Inhalationsapparatur für Versuchstiere zu entwickeln, die zur Vermeidung einer Umweltkontamination im Unterdruckbetrieb arbeitet und eine Belüftung der Tierröhren im Körperbereich des Tieres mit Umgebungsluft ermöglicht. Dabei soll für die Reproduzierbarkeit der Inhalationsversuche eine räumlich und zeitlich weitgehend konstante Atemluftkonzentration für alle Versuchstiere gewährleistet sein, gleichgültig ob die Apparatur voll oder nur teilweise mit Tierröhren besetzt ist. Bei der Konstruktion der Inhalationsapparatur ist eine einfache Handhabung sowie eine gute Beobachtbarkeit der Tiere zu berücksichtigen.It was therefore the task to develop an inhalation apparatus for experimental animals which works in order to avoid environmental contamination in the negative pressure mode and enables ventilation of the animal tubes in the body area of the animal with ambient air. For the reproducibility of the inhalation experiments, a spatially and temporally largely constant breathing air concentration should be guaranteed for all experimental animals, regardless of whether the apparatus is fully or only partially filled with animal tubes. When designing the inhalation apparatus, easy handling and good observability of the animals must be taken into account.

Die Aufgabe wurde durch eine Inhalationsapparatur gelöst, wie sie im Patentanspruch 1 gekennzeichnet ist.The object was achieved by an inhalation apparatus as characterized in claim 1.

Durch eine Zwangsführung der Atemluft aus einer Verteilerkammer in eine separate Unterdruckkammer, bei nicht angesetzten Tierröhren direkt und bei angesetzten Tierröhren über den Kopfteil der Röhren, gelangen weder bei mit Tierröhren besetzter noch bei unbesetzter Apparatur Schadstoffe in die Umgebung. Des weiteren ist eine Schadstoffbelastung der Tierkörperoberfläche (Fellkontamination) praktisch unterbunden. Die Apparatur kann damit jederzeit frei zugänglich bleiben. Somit ist es beispielsweise möglich, Tierröhren auch bei laufender Apparatur anzusetzen bzw. zu entnehmen, wobei während der gesamten Expositionszeit für alle Versuchstiere konstante Versuchsbedingungen herrschen.By forcing the breathing air out of a distribution chamber into a separate vacuum chamber, directly when the animal tubes are not attached and via the head part of the tubes when the animal tubes are attached, pollutants do not get into the environment when the apparatus is occupied or not occupied. Furthermore, pollution of the animal body surface (fur contamination) is practically prevented. The apparatus can thus remain freely accessible at any time. It is thus possible, for example, to attach or remove animal tubes even with the apparatus running, with constant test conditions prevailing for all test animals during the entire exposure time.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der erfindungsgemässen Inhalationsapparatur ergeben sich aus anhand der Zeichnung nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen.Further advantages and details of the inhalation device according to the invention result from the exemplary embodiments described below with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine Frontansicht der Inhalationsapparatur,
  • Figur 2 eine Seitenansicht der Inhalationsapparatur,
  • Figur 3 einen Ausschnitt der Apparatur gemäss Detailkreis D in Figur 2 im Schnitt I-I von Figur 1,
  • Figur 4 ein Wandelement der Inhalationsapparatur im Längsschnitt,
  • Figur 5 ein Fliessschema zur Veranschaulichung der Volumenstromverteilung in der Inhalationsapparatur.
Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view of the inhalation device,
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the inhalation device,
  • 3 shows a section of the apparatus according to detail circle D in FIG. 2 in section II of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 shows a wall element of the inhalation device in longitudinal section,
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram to illustrate the volume flow distribution in the inhalation device.

in den Figuren 1 und 2 ist die Inhalationsapparatur schematisch wiedergegeben. Sie besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Verteilerkammer 1, einer unmittelbar daneben parallel zu dieser sich erstreckenden Unterdruckkammer 2 und aus mit diesen Kammern in Verbindung bringbaren Tierröhren 3. Die Verteilerkammer 1 ist über eine mit Leitblechen 4 ausgestattete Zuführungshaube 5 an eine Atemluftversorgung (in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt) angeschlossen, in der der Atemluft die toxikologisch zu untersuchenden Schadstoffe beigemengt werden. Die Unterdruckkammer 2 steht zum Absaugen der Abluft über eine in Strömungsrichtung gegenüberliegende Sammelhaube 6 mit einem unter Unterdruck stehenden Entsorgungssystem (in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt) in Verbindung. Zwischen den Kammern 1 und 2 und den beiden Hauben 5 und 6, die aus tiefziehfähigem, nichtrostendem Stahlblech hergestellt sind, bestehen der besseren Reinigbarkeit wegen lösbare Verbindungen in Form einer zentralen Verschraubung.In Figures 1 and 2, the inhalation device is shown schematically. It essentially consists of a distribution chamber 1, a vacuum chamber 2 extending directly next to it and parallel to it, and animal tubes 3 which can be connected to these chambers shown), in which the toxicologically investigated pollutants are added to the breathing air. The sub Pressure chamber 2 is connected to a waste disposal system (not shown in the drawing), which is under vacuum, via a collecting hood 6 opposite in the flow direction. Between the chambers 1 and 2 and the two hoods 5 and 6, which are made of deep-drawable, stainless steel sheet, are easier to clean because of detachable connections in the form of a central screw.

Die gesamte Inhalationsapparatur ist für eine einfache Handhabbarkeit und flexible Einsatzfähigkeit in einem fahrbaren Gestell 7 mittels Drehlager 8 um eine horizontale Achse drehbar gehalten.The entire inhalation apparatus is rotatably held about a horizontal axis in a mobile frame 7 by means of a pivot bearing 8 for easy handling and flexible use.

Eine die Verteilerkammer 1 und die Unterdruckkammer 2 trennende Wand 9 weist in mehreren Reihen angeordnete Öffnungen 10 auf, an die die Tierröhren 3 mit ihrem Kopfteilende direkt oder im Abstand angesetzt werden.A wall 9 separating the distribution chamber 1 and the vacuum chamber 2 has openings 10 arranged in several rows, to which the animal tubes 3 are attached directly or at a distance with their head part end.

Die aus durchsichtigem Kunststoff oder Glas bestehenden Tierröhren 3 (Fig. 3) setzen sich jeweils aus einem Kopfteil 11 und einem Rumpfteil 12 zusammen, die durch einen Übergang 13 verbunden sind. Der Übergang ist mit Durchbrechungen 14 versehen, die in Form von Bohrungen über den Umfang verteilt sind. Im Rumpfteil der Tierröhre ist für die Ausscheidungen des Tieres eine Aussparung 15 vorgesehen. Der Kopfteil der Tierröhre besitzt im Querschnitt die Form eines Kreises oder Vielecks, vorzugsweise eines Sechsecks. Dadurch kann die Röhre durch den Kopf des Versuchstieres nicht abgedichtet werden, so dass eine sichere Durchströmung des Kopfteils gewährleistet ist. Es ist deswegen auch zweckmässig, die Durchbrechungen 14 jeweils in den Ecken des Vielecks anzubringen. Die Durchbrechungen, in denen, wie später zu sehen sein wird, Unterdruck herrscht, sowie ihre Lage an der Tierröhre bewirken, dass einerseits die Atemluft aus der Verteilerkammer 1 zwangsläufig über den Kopf des Tieres strömt und andererseits durch den Rumpfteil 12 Luft aus der Umgebung der Apparatur angesaugt wird, so dass eine ausreichende Fellbelüftung des Tieres sichergestellt ist. Eine Abdichtung der Tierröhre durch das Versuchstier kann auch dadurch verhindert werden, dass zumindest der Kopfteil 11 mit einem oder mehreren achsparallelen Lüftungskanälen versehen ist.The animal tubes 3 (FIG. 3) made of transparent plastic or glass are each composed of a head part 11 and a fuselage part 12, which are connected by a transition 13. The transition is provided with openings 14 which are distributed over the circumference in the form of bores. A recess 15 is provided in the body part of the animal tube for the excretions of the animal. The cross section of the head part of the animal tube is in the form of a circle or polygon, preferably a hexagon. As a result, the tube cannot be sealed by the head of the test animal, so that a safe flow through the head part is ensured. It is therefore also expedient to make the openings 14 in the corners of the polygon. The breakthroughs, in which, as will be seen later, there is negative pressure and their position on the animal tube mean that, on the one hand, the breathing air from the distribution chamber 1 inevitably flows over the animal's head and, on the other hand, air from the surroundings of the animal through the body part 12 Equipment is sucked in, so that sufficient fur ventilation of the animal is ensured. Sealing of the animal tube by the test animal can also be prevented by providing at least the head part 11 with one or more axially parallel ventilation channels.

Zur Fixierung der in die Inhalationsapparatur eingesetzten Tierröhren 3 sind mit der Aussenwand 21 der Unterdruckkammer 2 verbundene Auflager 16 vorgesehen.For fixing the animal tubes 3 inserted into the inhalation apparatus, supports 16 connected to the outer wall 21 of the vacuum chamber 2 are provided.

Der Unterdruck an den Durchbrechungen 14 am Übergang 13 der Tierröhren 3 kann zum Beispiel dadurch erzeugt werden, dass sich die an den Öffnungen 10 der Verteilerkammer 1 angesetzten Tierröhren ganz oder teilweise, zumindest aber bis zum Übergang 13 in der Unterdruckkammer 2 befinden. Die Unterdruckkammer ist dabei zum Rumpfteilende der Tierröhren hin soweit geöffnet, dass die Tierröhren an die Öffnungen 10 herangeführt bzw. von diesen entfernt werden können und Umgebungsluft zwischen diesen in die Unterdruckkammer gesaugt werden kann. Durch diese zusätzlich angesaugte Luft, deren Menge etwa das 5- bis 9fache der bei unbesetzter Öffnung 10 direkt und bei besetzter Öffnung durch den Kopfteil 11 der Tierröhre in die Unterdruckkammer geführten Atemluft sein soll, wird erreicht, dass die gesamte über die Sammelhaube 6 in das Entsorgungssystem geförderte Abluft weitgehend unabhängig ist von der Besetzung der Öffnungen 10 mit Tierröhren.The negative pressure at the openings 14 at the transition 13 of the animal tubes 3 can be generated, for example, in that the animal tubes attached to the openings 10 of the distribution chamber 1 are wholly or partly, but at least up to the transition 13 in the negative pressure chamber 2. The vacuum chamber is open to the end of the trunk of the animal tubes to such an extent that the animal tubes can be brought up to or removed from the openings 10 and ambient air can be drawn into the vacuum chamber between them. This additionally sucked-in air, the amount of which should be about 5 to 9 times that of the breathing air led directly into the vacuum chamber when the opening 10 is unoccupied and through the head part 11 of the animal tube when the opening is occupied, ensures that the entire air is collected via the collecting hood 6 into the Disposal system-conveyed exhaust air is largely independent of the occupation of the openings 10 with animal tubes.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen hingegen eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Inhalationskammer, bei der die Aussenwand 21 der Unterdruckkammer 2 bis in Höhe des Kopfteils 11 der Tierröhre 3 zurückgesetzt ist, so dass bei angesetzter Tierröhre der Übergang 13 mit den Durchbrechungen 14 ausserhalb der Kammer liegt. Die Tierröhren sind dadurch leicht handhabbar und die darin befindlichen Versuchstiere gut zu beobachten. Zwischen den Öffnungen 10 in der Wand 9 und den Öffnungen 22 in der Aussenwand 21 erstrecken sich zur Unterdruckkammer 2 abgeschlossene und zu den Öffnungen 10 hin sich verjüngende Kanäle 23, die im Bereich des aufzunehmenden Kopfteils 11 der Tierröhre 3 in Form von Bohrungen in der Kanalwand 24 über den Kanalumfang verteilte Durchgänge 25 besitzen. Die Kanäle 23 sind an den Aussenwandöffnungen 22 durch zylinderförmige Verlängerungen 26 bis zum Übergang 13 der angesetzten Tierröhren 3 erweitert, wobei die Verlängerungen mit einem ringförmigen Absatz 27 der Tierröhren jeweils einen Ringspalt 28 zwischen den sich gegenüberstehenden Stirnflächen bilden. Selbstverständlich können die Verlängerung 26 und der Absatz 27 auch so bemessen sein, dass sich zur Herstellung eines konzentrischen Ringspaltes die Umfangsflächen gegenüberstehen. Abstandsnoppen 29 an einer der Fläche gewährleisten einen definiert sich einstellenden Ringspalt.FIGS. 2 and 3, on the other hand, show an embodiment of the inhalation chamber according to the invention, in which the outer wall 21 of the vacuum chamber 2 is set back up to the level of the head part 11 of the animal tube 3, so that when the animal tube is attached, the transition 13 with the openings 14 lies outside the chamber. The animal tubes are easy to handle and the test animals inside can be easily observed. Between the openings 10 in the wall 9 and the openings 22 in the outer wall 21, channels 23, which are closed off from the vacuum chamber 2 and taper towards the openings 10, extend in the region of the head part 11 of the animal tube 3 to be received in the form of bores in the channel wall 24 have passages 25 distributed over the channel circumference. The channels 23 are extended at the outer wall openings 22 by cylindrical extensions 26 to the transition 13 of the attached animal tubes 3, the extensions with an annular shoulder 27 of the animal tubes each forming an annular gap 28 between the opposing end faces. Of course, the extension 26 and the shoulder 27 can also be dimensioned such that the circumferential surfaces face each other in order to produce a concentric annular gap. Spacer knobs 29 on one surface ensure an annular gap that is defined.

Entsprechend diesen konstruktiven Massnahmen befinden sich die Durchbrechungen 14 der Tierröhren 3 im Wirkungsbereich der Unterdruckkammer, so dass sowohl die durch den Kopfteil 11 der Tierröhren geführte Atemluft als auch die durch den Rumpfteil 12 einströmende Umgebungsluft über diese Durchbrechungen in die Verlängerung 26 der Kanäle 23 gesaugt werden. Zusammen mit weiterer, durch den Ringspalt 28 in 5- bis 9facher Menge (bezogen auf die Atemluft) eingesaugter Umgebungsluft wird das zur Abluft sich zusammensetzende Luftgemisch über die Durchgänge 25 der Kanalwand 24 in die Unterdruckkammer abgeführt. Durch diese Luftführung ist erreicht, dass die für die Tierinhalation bestimmte Atemluft nicht in die Umgebung der Inhalationsapparatur gelangen kann. Auch bei nicht angesetzten Tierröhren ist dies gewährleistet, da in diesem Falle die Atemluft von den Öffnungen 10 der Verteilerkammer 1 direkt zu den Durchgängen 25 gesaugt wird.According to these constructive measures, the openings 14 of the animal tubes 3 are located in the effective area of the vacuum chamber, so that both the breathing air guided through the head part 11 of the animal tubes and the ambient air flowing in through the fuselage part 12 are sucked into the extension 26 of the channels 23 via these openings . Together with further ambient air sucked in through the annular gap 28 in a quantity of 5 to 9 times (based on the breathing air), the air mixture which is composed of the exhaust air is discharged into the vacuum chamber via the passages 25 of the channel wall 24. This air flow ensures that the breathing air intended for animal inhalation cannot get into the vicinity of the inhalation device. This is ensured even when animal tubes are not attached, since in this case the breathing air is sucked directly from the openings 10 of the distribution chamber 1 to the passages 25.

Die in die Apparatur eingesetzten Tierröhren werden an ihrem freien Kopfteilende 30 infolge des konischen Verlaufs des Kopfteils 11 je nach Eintauchtiefe in die Kanäle 23 mehr oder weniger von der Kanalwand 24 umschlossen, so dass mit Hilfe des dabei entstehenden Ringspaltes 31 ein Nebenstrom der Atemluft und damit die über den Kopf des Versuchstieres strömende Atemluft in ihrer Menge eingestellt werden kann.The animal tubes used in the apparatus are more or less enclosed by the channel wall 24 at their free head end 30 due to the conical shape of the head part 11, depending on the depth of immersion in the channels 23, so that With the help of the resulting annular gap 31, a side stream of the breathing air and thus the amount of breathing air flowing over the head of the test animal can be adjusted.

Für eine reproduzierbare und für alle Versuchstiere gleiche sowie konstante Atemluftkonzentration muss sichergestellt sein, dass die Atemluft durch die in die Apparatur einströmende Umgebungsluft insbesondere über unbesetzte Öffnungen 10 der Verteilerkammerwand 9 nicht verdünnt wird. Durch eine Reduzierung des Durchmessers der Öffnungen 10 wird der unerwünschte Lufteinfall in die Verteilerkammer verhindert. Weitere Abhilfe schafft die Anordnung eines konischen Verdrängerkörpers 32 im Bereich der Öffnungen 10, dessen Abstand vom Kopfteilende 30 der eingesetzten Tierröhren mindestens etwa seinem Durchmesser entsprechen sollte, damit sich im Kopfteil 11 wieder eine gleichmässige Atemluftströmung einstellen kann.For a reproducible and constant and constant breathing air concentration for all test animals, it must be ensured that the breathing air is not diluted by the ambient air flowing into the apparatus, in particular via unoccupied openings 10 of the distributor chamber wall 9. Reducing the diameter of the openings 10 prevents the undesired entry of air into the distribution chamber. Another remedy is the arrangement of a conical displacer 32 in the region of the openings 10, the distance from the head part end 30 of the animal tubes used should correspond at least approximately to its diameter, so that a uniform breathing air flow can be established again in the head part 11.

Wie in Figur 2 zu erkennen ist, verjüngt sich die Verteilerkammer 1 nach oben durch geringfügige Neigung der Kammeraussenwand 33, damit sich der Kammerquerschnitt im Hinblick auf den in Strömungsrichtung abnehmenden Atemluftvolumenstrom verringert. Eine entsprechende Querschnittserweiterung der Unterdruckkammer 2 ist wegen des kleinen Druckverlustes entlang der Abluftströmung nicht erforderlich.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the distributor chamber 1 tapers upwards due to a slight inclination of the chamber outer wall 33, so that the chamber cross section is reduced in view of the decreasing breathing air volume flow in the flow direction. A corresponding cross-sectional expansion of the vacuum chamber 2 is not necessary because of the small pressure loss along the exhaust air flow.

Ferner ist die Verteilerkammer 1 an ihrem oberen Ende zur Unterdruckkammer 2 hin perforiert, durch Bohrungen 34 oder andere Öffnungsformen, um mit dem dadurch direkt in die Unterdruckkammer geführten Teilstrom die vertikale Verteilung der Atemluft in der Verteilerkammer zu unterstützten. Man erreicht dadurch auch, dass der Einfluss der Tierröhren auf die Druck-und Strömungsverhältnisse in den Kanälen 23 vermindertwird.Furthermore, the distributor chamber 1 is perforated at its upper end towards the vacuum chamber 2, through bores 34 or other opening forms, in order to support the vertical distribution of the breathing air in the distributor chamber with the partial flow which is thereby fed directly into the vacuum chamber. It is also achieved that the influence of the animal tubes on the pressure and flow conditions in the channels 23 is reduced.

Das in Figur 5 dargestellte Fliessschema veranschaulicht die Volumenstromverteilung in der Inhalationsapparatur (für 21 Tierröhren). Die eingetragenen Zahlenwerte betreffen ein Betriebsbeispiel. Je nach Grösse der Apparatur und je nach Untersuchungsaufgabe können selbstverständlich auch andere Betriebsparameter gewählt werden.The flow diagram shown in FIG. 5 illustrates the volume flow distribution in the inhalation apparatus (for 21 animal tubes). The numerical values entered relate to an operating example. Depending on the size of the apparatus and the examination task, other operating parameters can of course also be selected.

Eine weitere Veranschaulichung der Luftströme in der Apparatur geben die in Figur 3 eingetragenen Pfeile.The arrows entered in FIG. 3 provide a further illustration of the air flows in the apparatus.

Für den Aufbau der Inhalationsapparatur ist es einer stabilen und dennoch leichten Konstruktion wegen zweckmässig, einzelne Wandelemente 35 (Fig. 1 und 4) mit tiefgezogenem Kanalteil 23 herzustellen und an ihrem abgewinkelten Umfang 36 durch Schweissverbindungen, beispielsweise Punktschweissung, zur Aussenwand 21 der Unterdruckkammer 2 zusammenzufügen. Die Trennwand 9 ist an den Öffnungen 10 mit dem verjüngten und in einen Kragen 37 ausgeformten Kanalteilende 38 der Wandelemente in gleicher Weise verbunden. Das Anbringen der übrigen Wandteile sowie der Aufbau der Verteilerkammer 1 und der Hauben 5 und 6 können dann in der für den Fachmann gewohnten Weise vorgenommen werden.For the construction of the inhalation apparatus, it is expedient, because of a stable and yet light construction, to produce individual wall elements 35 (FIGS. 1 and 4) with a deep-drawn channel part 23 and to join them together on their angled circumference 36 by welded connections, for example spot welding, to the outer wall 21 of the vacuum chamber 2 . The partition 9 is connected at the openings 10 to the tapered channel part end 38 of the wall elements formed in a collar 37 in the same way. The attachment of the other wall parts and the structure of the distribution chamber 1 and the hoods 5 and 6 can then be carried out in the manner known to those skilled in the art.

Die Verdrängerkörper 32 sind mittels Stege 39 an der Innenwand der Kanalteile 23 befestigt. In der Nähe der Erweiterung 40 befinden sich die Durchgänge 25. Die Verlängerungen 26 sind in die Kanäle 23 in Form einer reibschlüssigen Verbindung eingesetzt.The displacement bodies 32 are fastened to the inner wall of the channel parts 23 by means of webs 39. The passages 25 are located near the extension 40. The extensions 26 are inserted into the channels 23 in the form of a frictional connection.

Claims (12)

1. Inhalation apparatus for test animals for investigating the biological effect of substances mixed with respiratory air, comprising a distributor chamber (1) which is connected to a respiratory air preparation unit and has several openings, animal tubes (3) communicating with the openings, and suction means (2) connected to a disposal system for removing the waste air, wherein a suction chamber (2) is disposed adjacent to the side of the distributor chamber (1) which has the openings, and the transition sections (13) between the head sections (11) and trunk sections (12) of the animal tubes (3) have holes (14) through which the animal tubes inserted into the apparatus communicate with the suction chamber.
2. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the animal tubes (3) communicating with the openings (10) in the distributor chamber (1) are inserted into the suction chamber (2) at least as far as their transition sections (13), including the holes (14).
3. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein there are transversely arranged inside the suction chamber (2) channels (23) which extend from the openings (10) in the distributor chamber (1) to openings (22) in the outer wall (21) of the suction chamber, and which form intermediate spaces between the trunk sections (12) of the animal tubes (3), accommodated in the channels, and the channel inner walls, and passages (25) are provided in the channel wall.
4. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the head sections (11) of the animal tubes (3) inserted in the apparatus partly project into the individual channels, the wall (24) of each of which surrounds the free end (30) of the head section of the animal tube, and each of the channels has an extension (26) which projects beyond the opening (22) in the outer wall and forms an annular gap (28) with a ring-shaper shoulder (27) of the animal tube, the section of the channel wall adjacent to the head section (11) of the animal tube being provided with passages (25).
5. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the channels (23) taper towards the openings (10) in the distributor chamber (1) and the diameter of the openings matches the taper.
6. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein annular gaps (31) are formed between the free ends (30) of the head sections of the animal tubes (3) inserted into the apparatus and the walls (24) of the channels (23) surrounding these ends.
7. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein a displacement member (32) is located in the region of each opening (10) in the distributor chamber (1).
8. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the distributor chamber (1) has perforations, at its end viewed in the direction of flow, leading to the suction chamber (2).
9. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least the head section (11) of each animal tube (3) has a polygonal cross-section.
10. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least the head section (11) of each animal tube (3) has one or more axially parallel ventilation channels.
11. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the holes (14) in the transition section (13) between the head section (11) and trunk section (12) of each animal tube (3) are located in the corners of the polygon or in the ventilation channels.
12. Inhalation apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the outer wall (21) of the suction chamber (2) is constructed from individual wall elements (35), each with a deep-drawn channel section (23).
EP81108263A 1980-11-27 1981-10-13 Inhalator device for test animals Expired EP0053253B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81108263T ATE13384T1 (en) 1980-11-27 1981-10-13 INHALER FOR EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19803044640 DE3044640A1 (en) 1980-11-27 1980-11-27 INHALATION APPARATUS FOR TEST ANIMALS
DE3044640 1980-11-27

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EP0053253A2 EP0053253A2 (en) 1982-06-09
EP0053253A3 EP0053253A3 (en) 1982-08-25
EP0053253B1 true EP0053253B1 (en) 1985-05-22

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Also Published As

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ATE13384T1 (en) 1985-06-15
DE3170625D1 (en) 1985-06-27
DE3044640A1 (en) 1982-07-08
US4479493A (en) 1984-10-30
EP0053253A2 (en) 1982-06-09
EP0053253A3 (en) 1982-08-25

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