EP0044467A1 - Profiled building element, building component for partitioning and delimitation of spaces composed of these elements and method of making these elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to building elements, mainly for making partition walls, in building constructions composed of sections suitable for this, which are equipped with a cladding skin (2) on one limiting face, also have a core insert (3) appropriately produced from post-solidifying gypsum paste, but corresponding in form to the cladding skin or a given interspace, and, if appropriate, are equipped with one or more spacers on the side of the cladding skin facing the core insert. The essence of the invention is that a plane board can appropriately be produced from the core insert and at least one attached cladding skin, and then from this, by rolling and bending, building elements of open profile (1a, b, c) or building elements of closed profile (d) or building elements of broken contour line and of polygonal cross-section (e). For bending the plane boards, the continuity of the cladding skin and/or of the core insert is at least temporarily interrupted at least on the concave side. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to profiled components and space-delimiting or space-dividing structural parts constructed from them, and a method for producing these profiled components.

The profiled component is preferably suitable for the construction of space-delimiting and space-dividing constructions that are free of the special, load-bearing framework of the building construction, and therefore primarily serve to produce partition walls. It is provided at least on the one space-delimiting surface with a cladding skin and an insert core, which has a surface shape determined by the cladding skin, or in the interior expediently made of a re-solidifying base material, primarily on a plaster basis and optionally also with one or more facing the insert core Side of the cladding attached spacers is provided. On the side of the insert core and / or on the outside of the cladding skin - likewise in the given case - the mutual fastening of the adjacent components is provided. A peculiarity of the process is that the sales skin is combined with the core insert during manufacture.

In addition to the - basically - flat components, the construction industry also requires designs that deviate from the level in a certain sense. The prefabrication of the flat components is already a solved question all over the world; consequently, such products are manufactured and used in large quantities. In contrast, the use of those components whose shape deviates from the plane is much more limited, although their use is often associated with a very considerable economic advantage.

The components deviating from the plane namely have a larger inertial moment; they can therefore be used to manufacture building structures that can withstand even greater loads. In other words, the inclusion of equally large stresses is sufficient for smaller, lighter elements that are ultimately more economical in terms of material and manipulation. In the sign of such tendencies, among other things, the corrugated, ribbed or otherwise strangely profiled components were created _. or was created.

A known example of a production method for components deviating from the plane is that according to which the components are manufactured from glass fiber-reinforcing polyester base material. Here flat plates are first produced; thereafter - before the solidification has taken place, and thus still with the plastic state of the base mass - that of the desired shape deviated from the plane, or given the workpiece.

According to another known method, e.g. in the case of workpieces produced from hard PVC, the workpieces produced as flat plates are allowed to cool, but these are then recently heated in the vicinity of the intended bending edges; the final shaping of the workpiece then takes place in this locally plasticized state. Another common method is steam treatment, by means of which both homogeneous and layered wall elements can be made easily moldable.

In the past decades, such a process has been developed in the furniture industry in the USA, in which on the layered and visible surface the plates already provided with the necessary coating layer on the opposite, invisible side are provided with such incisions by milling or sawing Eliminate the continuity of the material at the desired bending edges, thereby facilitating the change of shape.

After removing those parts that hinder bending, the necessary shaping is carried out, and then the new shape is fixed by gluing. For the time being, this so-called "folding system" has only become established in the furniture industry, even there only in a fairly narrow circle. But since the technology is very expensive, you can hardly count on one Spread also in the field of construction industry.

Likewise in the past few decades, those methods for producing ribbed components which are contained in US Pat. No. 3,298,888 have also been developed in the United States. Their essence is such a double molding process, in which the covering skin is first in the step, but then in second step, the post-hardening core layer, which is connected to the skin, is formed. This method undoubtedly contains some good ideas, but because of its complexity and the associated cost structure, it is highly unlikely that it will become widely accepted.

Gypsum-based components of good quality can also be produced according to the principles which are disclosed in HU-PS 173,325. The components described there are produced very productively using special technology with group templates. Unfortunately, elements that deviate from the level cannot be produced with this method.

The aim of the invention is the development of such profiled components and such a method for its production, in which it is possible to deviate from the consistently flat shape in the design, and basically to produce plate-like components based on plaster. Another goal is that such components may not require any special structural structures and structures that support them, but that self-supporting partitions can be created directly from them.

The object to be achieved by the invention is to manufacture the components deviating from the level - similar to the level components - with the highly productive so-called assembly line technology. In this way, it should be possible to produce such components in a highly effective manner that, in comparison to the flat components, have lower strength values or better strength properties.

The basis of the invention is that knowledge that the manufacturing technology of the plasterboard components used around the world for decades in a wide area can be brought about by slight modification so that components deviating from the plane can also be produced. This knowledge also includes that the components deviating from the plane can also be produced from the workpieces that have already been produced as plane components.

According to the invention, the cladding skin, which is provided for attachment to the surface of the flat plates, can be correspondingly incised in a simple manner at the later bending points. Only after this has been done can the cladding skin be connected to the post-consolidating core insert; but before hardening, the bending itself and the shaping into the desired shape should be carried out on the bending edges designated by the scratching.

The components can also be designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that those parts are prevented by milling or sawing which prevent the panel consisting of the covering skin and the insert core from being converted into the desired shape. In this case, the one cladding skin unchanged, while as much is removed from the other and the core insert as is necessary.

After drilling and sawing, as well as after removing the cut-off parts, the desired shape can best be attached by gluing. It goes without saying that the remaining cladding skin must remain flexible in order to be able to endure the shaping by bending without being damaged.

The object is thus achieved according to the invention by such a component, preferably for designing without special load-bearing construction of space-delimiting and space-dividing components, in particular partition walls, which has a cladding skin at least on one of its boundary surfaces, and one with this cladding skin in its outer shape or inner shape contains a specific core insert, which is expediently made of post-hardening material based on plaster and, if necessary, is also provided with one or more spacers on the face of the insert facing the cladding skin, but the insert and the cladding skin on the outside thereof also - if necessary - for connection to one another and fastening the adjacent components are arranged and designed so that one expediently from the core insert and the cladding skin attached to it on at least one side from a flat plate by rolling and nd bending basic elements of polygonal cross section, namely as a basic element of an open profile, a basic element of a closed profile or a basic element of a broken contour line, the continuity of the cladding skin and / or the core insert for the purpose of bending from a flat plate at least on the concave side and temporarily is interrupted.

The profile component can advantageously also be designed such that a connecting means, e.g., on the surface of the core insert and / or the cladding skin, which adjoins the adjacent component. a self-adhesive tape is attached.

The invention further relates to such a space-delimiting or space-dividing component, which is composed of a cladding skin, as well as components, the surface shape of which is given by the cladding skin, but they themselves are expediently made from post-hardening interior raw material. The essence of the space-defining and / or space-dividing component is that the components, basic elements of an open profile, or of a closed profile, or of a basic profile with a broken contour, can be between their mutually facing sides but suitable fastening means, e.g. a self-adhesive tape or glue is used. From the basic elements, it is advisable to put together a construction with a closed interior, in which one or more intermediate layers, e.g. Thermal insulation layer, air layer, heat reflection layer, etc. are installed.

Another feature of the space boundary or space subdivision component can also consist in the fact that elastic insert pieces are interposed at least in places between the mutually facing sides of the basic elements. In the case of building constructions which have a closed interior formed from basic elements, the relative position to one another and to the basic elements becomes, depending on the performance of the Building physics tasks in the interlayers inserted in the interior secured by the spacer inserts attached there. On one or both sides of the basic element ensemble, however, flat panels, for example made of plasterboard, are fastened to hide them.

The invention also relates to a method for producing the components according to the invention, the cladding skin and the core insert being combined in the course of manufacture. The essence of the proposed method is that a panel is used as the cladding skin that can withstand bending stress. A cardboard paper plate is expediently used for this. At the later generator for the bending process, at least on its concave side, the location of the shape change to be caused is e.g. designated by scoring, but after this preparation for the bending process, the material of the core insert, e.g. Plastered plaster applied and together with him the desired thickness of the plate. However, before solidification takes place, the plate is bent to the planned profile at the above-mentioned points, but finally the material of the core insert is dried at least until the self-supporting strength is reached.

The method can also be carried out in such a way that, at the point where the change in shape is to be brought about, the covering skin, e.g. weakened by scratching, or if necessary the continuity of the material is unbroken. Both boundary surfaces of the core insert are provided with cladding skin.

At the points of bending at those points of the basic elements that hinder the change in shape, e.g. by cutting the material of the skin or the core insert removed. The insert and at least one associated cladding skin is then pressed with the aid of a pressure force, e.g. produced by rolling or pressing, a flat plate serving as an intermediate.

The profile of a polygonal cross section is expediently produced using a shaping template. The preparation for the bending of the cladding skin, the application of the base material for the core insert and its union with the cladding skin, the shaping of the polygonal cross-sections, and finally the drying of the profile until it has at least reached its intrinsic load-bearing capacity, all of this is carried out continuously along a machine line carried out.

The profile component according to the invention and the component which delimits or divides the space from it has numerous advantages compared to the known solutions of the same purpose. Among these, the most important advantage is that a space-separating element can be achieved with simple means, which has a favorable inertial moment and is therefore economical in terms of the material.

Layered constructions can easily be produced from it and in this way also special solutions for stiffening of the framework e.g. full support structures can be erected without columns and ribs. Such a room closure can also be produced in a simple manner, the sound insulation capacity of which is far greater than that of the conventional solutions.

The design forms deviating from the level also have the advantage that they can be made suitable for the simultaneous provision of various functions, in addition to the already mentioned sound insulation also for providing the tasks for heat insulation and fire resistance, for example by designing blind ceilings for rooms which meet such desires.

They can be used to produce layered walls, ceiling cladding made of box profiles, even for other partition walls, spacer ribs. The latter can then be used to accommodate certain mechanical engineering devices, e.g. of different lines. In general, it can be said that with the tendencies towards the realization of the profile components, as well as through the manufacturing technology elaborated in the present invention, the range of application of the easy-to-produce and easy-to-treat plasterboard components is expanded to an extremely high degree.

• Figur 1: Grundtypen als einige Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Bauelementes, im Schnitt
• Figur 2: Einige Ausführungsbeispiele für die aus den erfindungsgemäßen U-Profil Bauelement ausgestaltbaren Trennwandtypen
• Figur 3: Ausführungsbeispiele einer Trennwandkonstruktion aus erfindungsgemäßen U-Profil und ebenen Bauelementen.

The details of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings attached as a few exemplary embodiments.

• Figure 1: Basic types as some embodiments of the component according to the invention, in section
• Figure 2: Some exemplary embodiments of the partition wall types that can be configured from the U-profile component according to the invention
• Figure 3: Exemplary embodiments of a partition construction from the U-profile according to the invention and flat components.

In the variant "a" in FIG. 1, a basic element 1 with a U-cross section is an open profile, essentially composed of a covering skin 2 and a core insert 3 inserted between them. In this case, the skin 2 is a cardboard plate, while the core insert 3 is made of plaster. The connection with the adjacent basic elements 1 is advantageously carried out with a self-adhesive tape 4 attached to the outside of the belt surface of the U-profile.

In the variant "b" in FIG. 1, an open U-profile base element 1 can be seen similarly as before, the construction of which is the same as the previous one, but the two U-profiles, with belt and web, are combined in the same way by an adhesive 5 . In this way, partition walls can be produced which can have a greater fire and sound damping effect than in variant "a".

In variant "c" in Figure 1, the base element 1 - consisting of the cladding skins 2 and the core insert 3 - is an open U-profile, on the outside as a covering layer with a flexible film 18 is provided. The adhesive 5 is also used to glue it to the base element 1.

Variant "d" in Figure 1. has a box-like base element 6, which also consists of the cladding skins 2 and the core insert 3 encompassed by them. The cladding skins 2 are also made of cardboard, while the core insert 3 is made of gypsum paste. After the base element 6 has been bent from a flat plate, it is closed and fixed in a box-like manner at a connecting edge 19. The connection of the basic element 6 with the adjacent same basic elements 6 then takes place with the aid of the self-adhesive tape 4 attached to the butt sides.

In variant "e" of FIG. 1, a basic element 7 with a broken contour line can be seen, which is equally suitable for producing room partitions or blind ceilings for rooms. The cladding skins 2 are also made of cardboard here, but the core insert 3 made of gypsum paste; both interact statically.

In Figure 2, some variants of space partition constructions are shown as exemplary embodiments, which can also be assembled from basic elements of U-profile. In variant "a" in FIG. 2, the basic elements 1 have an open profile and, when assembled, result in a partition 8, their open spaces facing each other. The basic elements are fastened together with the adhesive 5 at the point where the narrow side of the belts rests on the web of the opposite U-profile.

In variant "b" in Figure 2, the partition is also formed from basic elements 1 of an open profile, which, if the partition is installed in place, can be assembled using an elastic insert 10 and the self-adhesive tapes 4.

There is also the possibility that such a partition 11 can be erected by "pulling apart" the basic elements 1, in the interior of which heat and sound insulation layers 12 can then be installed. The The interior between the basic elements 1 can also be completely filled with the heat and sound insulation layer 12, but it is also possible - according to the variant shown in "c" (FIG. 2) - to create such a "ventilated" component which has one or more air gaps 13 owns.

In variant "d" in Figure 2, the wall construction 14 differs from the previous solution in that one or each of the heat and sound insulation layers 12 is provided with a heat reflecting layer 16, and e.g. can be formed from a metal foil. If it is not necessary for the heat and sound insulation layer 12 to fill the entire interior of the basic elements 1, then by attaching a spacer 15 it can be ensured that further air gaps 13 are created. The wall construction 14 shown here can also be used on facade walls and provides good protection against heavy rain.

In Figure 3, the basic elements 1, which are also designed as open U-profiles, are arranged here in such a way that the webs of the U-profiles are essentially normal to the plane of symmetry of the wall. In variant "a" in FIG. 3, such a simple partition wall can be produced from the base element 1 and flat plasterboard 17, in which the base elements 1 also play the role of the scaffolding columns and the spacers between the plasterboard 17 serving as visible wall surfaces. The latter is best attached to the basic elements 1 with the aid of the self-adhesive tape 4 already mentioned.

A very similar procedure can also be followed if - as can be seen in variant "b" of FIG. 3 - the basic elements 1 only with one strap of their U-profile attached to the plasterboard 17, and so easily used as scaffolding columns. The spacing is then carried out jointly by the heat and sound insulation layer 12 introduced between them.

According to the variants "a" and "b" from FIG. 3, the walls can be installed on site, while the wall panel according to variant "c" from FIG. 3 can be manufactured with operational prefabrication and transported to the construction site ready for installation. In this case, the basic elements 1 are attached to the plasterboard 17 from the start with the aid of the adhesive 5.

The profile component manufactured according to the invention can be used excellently for erecting those partition walls which have good sound absorption properties, furthermore for erecting fire walls, for cladding columns, for thermal insulation layers; Box-like in a closed profile but used for warping room ceilings, for scaffolding constructions of partitions and for spacer ribs of prefabricated partitions. From the profiled components, space limitation or space subdivision building constructions, from the basic elements 1, 6 or 7 can be produced in a simple manner with the aid of the self-adhesive tape 4 or the adhesive 5 as desired shaped components as required.

The basic elements 1, 6 and 7 can be easily combined with various additional parts, e.g. combine through one or more heat insulation layers 12, heat reflecting layers 16, etc., and in this way bring about walls that have the corresponding physical properties as desired. The examples shown guarantee that the profile components can be produced with the help of the continuous production line or the group template technology with very high productivity.

Claims (13)

1) Profiled component, preferably for the design of building structures without special load-bearing construction of the structural framework, and of space-delimiting or space-dividing components, in particular partition walls, the component at least on one boundary surface, a cladding skin, in the plane determined by the cladding skin or internally, one Expediently made of a re-solidifying material made of gypsum-based core insert and possibly on the side of the cladding facing the core insert contains one or more spacers, but the core insert and / or the cladding on the outside - also if necessary - for fastening or connecting the adjacent elements to one another Corresponding connecting parts are provided, characterized in that two consisting of a core insert (3) and a cladding skin (2) attached at least on one side of the core insert (3) is designed by rolling and bending, with a polygonal cross-section, a basic element of an open profile (1), or a basic element of a closed profile (6), or a basic element of a broken contour line (7), but in order to bend the component from a flat plate on the workpiece, at least on the concave side, the continuity of the material of the covering skin (2) and / or the core insert (3) is interrupted, even if only temporarily. 2) Profiled component according to claim 1, characterized in that the core insert (3) and / or the cladding skin (2) on the abutting surfaces the adjacent profile components are provided with a connection means, for example a self-adhesive tape (4). 3) Space boundary or space subdivision building construction part, composed of components according to claim 1 or.2, which is expediently made of gypsum pulp from a cladding skin and a core insert in the surface shape determined by the cladding skin as a surface or as an inner filling from a post-hardening material that the components are either basic elements of an open profile (1), or basic elements of a closed profile (6), or basic elements of a broken contour line (7), but between their mutually facing surface they are a suitable means for power transmission, e.g. a self-adhesive tape ( 4) or an adhesive (5) is introduced, the basic elements (1, 6, 7) are assembled so that they form interiors, in which one or more, depending on the wishes, which are based on the need for various building physics tasks Intermediate layers a sound insulation layer (12) and / or an air sc hicht (13) and / or a heat reflection layer (16) are installed. 4) space boundary or space subdivision building construction part according to claim 3, characterized in that between the mutually facing sides of the basic elements (1, 6, 7) at least partially elastic insert pieces (10) are installed. 5) Space boundary or space subdivision construction part according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that in the closed construction construction parts designed with an interior space in order to prevent the relative movements to one another or to the component (1, 6, 7) of the intermediate layers performing building physics tasks , spacers (15) are installed in places. 6) Space boundary or space subdivision building construction part according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that on one or on both sides of the basic elements (1, 6, 7), for covering and hiding the individual parts flat plates, e.g. made of plasterboard (17). 7) Process for the production of profiled components which have a cladding skin on at least one of their boundary surfaces, furthermore, depending on the shape of the cladding surface or an interior, one made of post-hardening material, expediently made of gypsum paste, the cladding skin and the core insert during manufacture are combined with one another, characterized in that a plate which has grown bending stresses, a cardboard plate is expediently used as the covering skin (2), on the generatrix of its later bend, but at least on its concave side, the place of the shape change to be created, for example is designated by scoring; After this preparation for the bending process but on the skin (2) the base material of the core insert (3), e.g. Plaster paste, applied, together with it a flat plate of the desired thickness, but then - before setting - the plate is bent to the desired profile, but finally the material of the core insert (3) is dried at least until the self-supporting strength is reached. 8) Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the cladding skin (2) e.g. weakened by scratching, or if necessary, the continuity of their material is interrupted. 9) Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that both boundary surfaces of the core insert (3) are each provided with a skin (2). 10) Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that at the bending points of the basic elements (1, 6, 7) where the change in shape is hindered, e.g. by cutting out material from the core insert (3) and the cladding skin (2). 11) Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that from the core insert (3) and the cladding skin (2) present on at least one side with the aid of an external force, e.g. Rolling or pressing, an intermediate flat plate is produced. 12) Method according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the polygonal cross section of the profiled components is produced with the aid of shaping templates. 13) Method according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the preparation of the skin (2) for the bending process, further the application of the base material of the core insert (3) and its union with the skin (2), as well as the design of the polygonal cross section, finally the drying of the profile components - at least until the self-supporting strength is achieved - is carried out along a mechanical production line.

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