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EP0038748B1 - Vapour-water separator at the outlet of a steam generator evaporator space - Google Patents

Vapour-water separator at the outlet of a steam generator evaporator space Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0038748B1
EP0038748B1 EP81400599A EP81400599A EP0038748B1 EP 0038748 B1 EP0038748 B1 EP 0038748B1 EP 81400599 A EP81400599 A EP 81400599A EP 81400599 A EP81400599 A EP 81400599A EP 0038748 B1 EP0038748 B1 EP 0038748B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
cyclones
steam
water
sub
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
EP81400599A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0038748A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Yazidjian
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Areva NP SAS
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Framatome SA
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Publication of EP0038748A1 publication Critical patent/EP0038748A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/32—Steam-separating arrangements using centrifugal force
    • F22B37/327—Steam-separating arrangements using centrifugal force specially adapted for steam generators of nuclear power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes for nuclear reactors, as long as they are not classified according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
    • F22B1/025—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes for nuclear reactors, as long as they are not classified according to a specified heating fluid, in another group with vertical U shaped tubes carried on a horizontal tube sheet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating water and steam at the outlet of a recirculating steam generator, such as a steam generator used in a nuclear power plant.
  • the steam generators used in nuclear power plants for example in pressurized water nuclear power plants, generally consist of an envelope resistant to cylindrical pressure of great height inside which is disposed a secondary enclosure covering a traversed tubular bundle by pressurized water which constitutes the exchange fluid bringing the heat from the reactor core to the steam generator, for the production of steam.
  • Food water is brought into the steam generator above the secondary enclosure or vaporization enclosure, circulates downwards outside this enclosure before entering the vaporization enclosure through its lower part to enter in contact with the tube bundle and be vaporized.
  • These water and vapor separation devices generally comprise a first stage disposed at the outlet of the vaporization enclosure constituted by vertical cylindrical tubes enclosing deflectors making it possible to give a helical movement to the vapor inside the tubes when this steam loaded with water leaves the vaporization enclosure, so that the water present in the vapor is separated by centrifugal force and reincorporated into the potable water supplied in the steam generator above the vaporization enclosure .
  • the cylindrical spiral deflector tubes also called cyclones, allow the separation of most of the water entrained by the steam and the recirculation of this water with the drinking water brought by a torus placed at a level slightly below the level cyclones.
  • the level of drinking water in the steam generator is such that the feed toroid is completely submerged in drinking water, while the cyclones emerge above this drinking water.
  • a decrease in the size of the cyclone separators is accompanied by an increase in their number.
  • approximately 120 to 140 separators with a diameter of 200 mm are required.
  • these cyclone separators must then be placed at the end of a very high vertical inlet duct connecting the separator to the vaporization enclosure.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for separating water and steam at the outlet of the vaporization enclosure of a recirculating steam generator, such as a generator used in a nuclear power plant, consisting by a set of vertical cylindrical tubes inside which are arranged deflector elements giving the steam a helical path allowing the separation of water by centrifugal force, when the steam loaded with water before its exit at the top of the generator, runs through these tubes arranged above the vaporization enclosure, tion placed in the pressurized envelope of the steam generator, inside which the vaporization of water takes place, this separation device having to allow an easy construction of the steam generator, better accessibility to the separation devices for their repair or maintenance and to improve the mechanical strength of the assembly constituted by the vapor separator tubes.
  • a recirculating steam generator such as a generator used in a nuclear power plant
  • cylindrical or cyclone tubes are grouped by sub-assemblies, each of the cyclones of a sub-assembly being fixed to the upper part of a support structure common to all the cyclones of the sub-assembly comprising from bottom to top, a tubular column fixed on the upper part of the vaporization enclosure, extending it upwards and in communication by its internal part with the interior of this enclosure and a structure in the form of an upwardly flared enclosure in communication on the one hand with the internal part of the column and on the other hand with the cyclones attached to its upper part, the flared enclosure and the cyclones of the corresponding sub-assembly, constituting a unitary module of the separation device.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a steam generator whose external envelope 1 resistant: the pressure contained in the lower portion of smaller diameter, a tubular beam 2 having a plurality of bent tubes through the, water-pressurized introduced into the steam generator under the tube plate 3 by an inlet pipe 4, the pressurized water passing through the tubes of the tube bundle then returning under the tube plate 3 to exit the steam generator through the pipe 5.
  • the tube bundle 2 is surrounded up in the vicinity of its lower part by a second casing 6 constituantl, vaporization enclosure within which the, feed water in contact with the tube bundle traversed by, pressurized water temperature harute coming from the reactor core, gradually vaporizes, rising inside the vaporization enclosure 6 to its upper end, at the base of the steam dome with a larger diameter than the lower part of the steam generator .
  • a pipe 7 allowing the outlet of the steam to the turbine.
  • a feed water supply device not shown makes it possible to maintain the level 8 of the feed water in the steam generator at a certain distance above the tube bundle 2, this distance being of the order of 2 to 3 meters, and below the cyclones 10 constituted by vertical tubes inside which are arranged helical deflectors allowing a swirling path to be carried out (with steam brought from the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 to to these cyclones 10 by tubular columns 11 of small diameter and great height.
  • the tubular columns 11 are rigidly fixed to the top of the vaporization enclosure 6 and put in communication the cylindrical tubes 10 constituting the cyclones with the internal part of the envelope 6 inside of which the feed water is vaporized.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a steam generator where the different elements identical to the elements shown in FIG. 1 bear the same references.
  • cyclone separators 10 are in this embodiment corresponding to the invention fixed to the upper part of an e-nsemble comprising a column 14 fixed to the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 and a structure 15 of flared upward shape which will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 3 and 4.
  • the cyclone separators 10 are grouped by sub-assemblies comprising 7 units fixed to the upper part of a structure 15 constituted by an enclosure flared upwards, the section of which by a plane of cross section is hexagonal.
  • the tubes constituting the separators are fixed by welding to the upper part of these enclosures 15 so that the internal volume of the enclosure 15 communicates with the internal bore of the tubes 10 enclosing the deflector devices making it possible to give a helical path to the vapor .
  • Each enclosure 15 to which 7 cyclone separators are fixed constitutes a module which can be manufactured separately before mounting the steam generator.
  • tubular columns 14 are arranged at the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 so that their internal bore is in communication with the internal volume of this secondary enclosure 6.
  • each of the chambers 15 is connected with the upper part of a column 14.
  • the set of columns 14 can be kept inside the steam generator by a holding frame 18 fixed to the columns at their upper part.
  • each of the columns 14 is on the other hand less than the sum of the cross sections of the tubes 10, so that it is possible to provide very good filling of the cross section of the steam generator with cyclone separators while providing sufficient space between the columns 14 for supporting the modules, making it possible, for example, to place the water supply toroid 19 between these columns.
  • This level 8 has been represented in FIG. 3.
  • the reduction in the diameter of the columns increases the section available for the recirculation water in the steam generator so that the total mass of water in the steam generator is increased which is beneficial for the behavior of this steam generator in the event of an accident.
  • the level measurements are more easily interpretable since the disturbing effects of speed on the pressure taps are reduced, allowing the level to be controlled in the steam generator.
  • the main advantages of the device according to the invention are to make it possible to increase the performance of the steam generator without modifying its dimensions, to facilitate the construction of the steam generator, by virtue of the modular form of the separation devices. water and steam and to allow better accessibility in the space between the top of the vaporization enclosure and the modules comprising the cyclone separators.
  • the section of these modules can in particular be different from a hexagonal section and the number of separators associated with each of the modules can be different from 7.
  • the position and the distribution of the columns at the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 can be entirely different from that which has been shown.
  • the cyclone separators constituting the device for separating water and steam can be associated with a secondary separation device different from a baffle dryer, as in the example which has been described.
  • the device according to the invention applies not only in the case of steam generators of pressurized water nuclear reactors but also in the case of other generators using a set of cyclones arranged vertically above an enclosure vaporization, for the primary separation of the vapor and the water entrained by this vapor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de séparation d'eau et de vapeur à la sortie d'un générateur de vapeur à recirculation, tel qu'un générateur de vapeur utilisé dans une centrale nucléaire.The invention relates to a device for separating water and steam at the outlet of a recirculating steam generator, such as a steam generator used in a nuclear power plant.

Les générateurs de vapeur utilisés dans les centrales nucléaires par exemple dans les centrales nucléaires à eau sous pression, sont généralement constitués par une enveloppe résistant à la pression cylindrique de grande hauteur à l'intérieur de laquelle est disposée une enceinte secondaire coiffant un faisceau tubulaire parcouru par l'eau sous pression qui constitue le fluide d'échange amenant la chaleur du coeur du réacteur au générateur de vapeur, pour la production de vapeur.The steam generators used in nuclear power plants, for example in pressurized water nuclear power plants, generally consist of an envelope resistant to cylindrical pressure of great height inside which is disposed a secondary enclosure covering a traversed tubular bundle by pressurized water which constitutes the exchange fluid bringing the heat from the reactor core to the steam generator, for the production of steam.

L'eau alimentaire est amenée dans le générateur de vapeur au-dessus de l'enceinte secondaire ou enceinte de vaporisation, circule vers le bas à l'extérieur de cette enceinte avant de pénétrer dans l'enceinte de vaporisation par sa partie inférieure pour entrer en contact avec le faisceau tubulaire et être vaporisée.Food water is brought into the steam generator above the secondary enclosure or vaporization enclosure, circulates downwards outside this enclosure before entering the vaporization enclosure through its lower part to enter in contact with the tube bundle and be vaporized.

Un mélange d'eau et de vapeur de plus en plus riche en vapeur clicule à l'intérieur de l'enceinte de vaporisation vers le haut et sort par la partie supérieure de cette enceinte de vaporisation pour pénétrer dans le dôme de vapeur du générateur de vapeur compris entre la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de vaporisation et la partie supérieure de l'enveloppe en pression du générateur de vapeurAn increasingly rich mixture of steam and water clicks upwards inside the vaporization chamber and exits through the upper part of this vaporization chamber to enter the vapor dome of the generator. steam between the upper part of the vaporization enclosure and the upper part of the pressure envelope of the steam generator

Dans ce dôme de vapeur, sont placés des dispositifs de séparation de l'eau et de la vapeur permettant de sécher la vapeur produite dans l'enceinte de vaporisation au contact du faisceau tubulaire avant sa sortie du générateur de vapeur par la partie supérieure du dôme de vapeur.In this steam dome, water and steam separation devices are placed allowing the steam produced in the vaporization enclosure to be dried in contact with the tube bundle before it leaves the steam generator through the upper part of the dome. steam.

Ces dispositifs de séparation d'eau et de vapeur comportent généralement un premier étage disposé en sortie de l'enceinte de vaporisation constitué par des tubes cylindriques verticaux renfermant des déflecteurs permettant de donner un mouvement hélicoidal à la vapeur à l'intérieur des tubes lorsque cette vapeur chargée d'eau sort de l'enceinte de vaporisation, si bien que l'eau présente dans la vapeur est séparée par force centrifuge et réincorporée à l'eau alimentaire amenée dans le générateur de vapeur au-dessus de l'enceinte de vaporisation.These water and vapor separation devices generally comprise a first stage disposed at the outlet of the vaporization enclosure constituted by vertical cylindrical tubes enclosing deflectors making it possible to give a helical movement to the vapor inside the tubes when this steam loaded with water leaves the vaporization enclosure, so that the water present in the vapor is separated by centrifugal force and reincorporated into the potable water supplied in the steam generator above the vaporization enclosure .

Au-dessus de ces dispositifs de séparation primaires, dans la partie supérieure du dôme de vapeur sont également disposés des séparateurs secondaires ou sécheurs réalisés à l'aide de tôles à chevrons qui achèvent de sécher la vapeur avant sa sortie du générateur de vapeur par une conduite reliée à ce générateur à la partie la plus haute du dôme.Above these primary separation devices, in the upper part of the steam dome are also arranged secondary separators or dryers made using herringbone sheets which finish drying the steam before it leaves the steam generator by a pipe connected to this generator at the highest part of the dome.

Les tubes cylindriques à déflecteur en spirale encore appelés cyclones, permettent la séparation de la plus grande partie de l'eau entraînée par la vapeur et la recirculation de cette eau avec l'eau alimentaire amenée par un tore disposé à un niveau légèrement inférieur au niveau des cyclones.The cylindrical spiral deflector tubes also called cyclones, allow the separation of most of the water entrained by the steam and the recirculation of this water with the drinking water brought by a torus placed at a level slightly below the level cyclones.

En marche normale, le niveau de l'eau alimentaire dans le générateur de vapeur est tel que le tore d'alimentation est entièrement noyé dans l'eau alimentaire cependant que les cyclones émergent au-dessus de cette eau alimentaire.During normal operation, the level of drinking water in the steam generator is such that the feed toroid is completely submerged in drinking water, while the cyclones emerge above this drinking water.

Des études récentes ont montré qu'il était très avantageux d'utiliser des séparateurs cyclones de faible diamètre ce qui permet d'accroître les performances du séparateur et de mieux utiliser le volume disponible dans le dôme de vapeur.Recent studies have shown that it is very advantageous to use cyclone separators of small diameter which makes it possible to increase the performances of the separator and to better use the volume available in the vapor dome.

Pour une section donnée de ce dôme, on obtient des performances de séparation plus élevées ou encore, à performances constantes, on peut obtenir une réduction du diamètre du dôme de vapeur.For a given section of this dome, higher separation performance is obtained or, at constant performance, a reduction in the diameter of the vapor dome can be obtained.

Cependant, une diminution de la taille des séparateurs cyclones s'accompagne d'une augmentation de leur nombre. Par exemple, pour un générateur de vapeur de 900 MWth fonctionnant à 75 bars, il faut environ 120 à 140 séparateurs d'un diamètre de 200 mm.However, a decrease in the size of the cyclone separators is accompanied by an increase in their number. For example, for a 900 MWth steam generator operating at 75 bars, approximately 120 to 140 separators with a diameter of 200 mm are required.

Par ailleurs, pour des considérations de charge motrice dans la boucle de recirculation ou de réserve d'eau dans les générateurs de vapeur, on peut être amené à fixer le niveau libre de l'eau alimentaire dans le dôme de vapeur à environ 2 ou 3 mètres au-dessus du faisceau tubulaire.Furthermore, for reasons of motive load in the recirculation loop or water reserve in the steam generators, it may be necessary to fix the free level of the drinking water in the steam dome at approximately 2 or 3 meters above the tube bundle.

Comme les séparateurs cyclones doivent être au-dessus de ce niveau il faut alors disposer ces séparateurs cyclones à l'extrémité d'un conduit d'entrée vertical de grande hauteur reliant le séparateur à l'enceinte de vaporisation.As the cyclone separators must be above this level, these cyclone separators must then be placed at the end of a very high vertical inlet duct connecting the separator to the vaporization enclosure.

L'emploi de séparateurs de petit diamètre complique donc la construction du générateur de vapeur à cause du nombre élevé des conduits d'entrée d'autre part, si l'on veut conserver la structure compacte du dispositif installé dans le dôme de vapeur, l'accessibilité aux différents dispositifs séparateurs, par exemple pour leur entretien ou leur réparation est extrêmement difficile. Enfin, l'utilisation d'un grand nombre de tubes de petit diamètre et de grande longueur, n'est pas favorable en ce qui concerne la tenue mécanique et impose une structure de maintien.The use of small diameter separators therefore complicates the construction of the steam generator because of the large number of inlet conduits on the other hand, if one wants to keep the compact structure of the device installed in the steam dome, l Accessibility to different separating devices, for example for their maintenance or repair is extremely difficult. Finally, the use of a large number of tubes of small diameter and of great length is not favorable with regard to the mechanical strength and imposes a support structure.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un dispositif de séparation d'eau et de vapeur à la sortie de l'enceinte de vaporisation d'un générateur de vapeur à recirculation, tel qu'un générateur utilisé dans une centrale nucléaire, constitué par un ensemble de tubes cylindriques verticaux à l'intérieur desquels sont disposés des éléments déflecteurs donnant à la vapeur un parcours hélicoidal permettant la séparation de l'eau par force centrifuge, lorsque la vapeur chargée d'eau avant sa sortie à la partie supérieure du générateur, parcourt ces tubes disposés au-dessus de l'enceinte de vaporisa-, tion placée dans l'enveloppe sous pression du générateur de vapeur, à l'intérieur de laquelle se produit la vaporisation de l'eau, ce dispositif de séparation devant permettre une construction facilitée du générateur de vapeur, une meilleure accessibilité aux dispositifs de séparation pour leur réparation ou leur entretien et d'améliorer la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble constitué par les tubes séparateurs de vapeur.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for separating water and steam at the outlet of the vaporization enclosure of a recirculating steam generator, such as a generator used in a nuclear power plant, consisting by a set of vertical cylindrical tubes inside which are arranged deflector elements giving the steam a helical path allowing the separation of water by centrifugal force, when the steam loaded with water before its exit at the top of the generator, runs through these tubes arranged above the vaporization enclosure, tion placed in the pressurized envelope of the steam generator, inside which the vaporization of water takes place, this separation device having to allow an easy construction of the steam generator, better accessibility to the separation devices for their repair or maintenance and to improve the mechanical strength of the assembly constituted by the vapor separator tubes.

Dans ce but, les tubes cylindriques ou cyclones sont groupés par sous-ensembles, chacun des cyclones d'un sous-ensemble étant fixé à la partie supérieure d'une structure de support commune à tous les cyclones du sous-ensemble comportant de bas en haut, une colonne tubulaire fixée sur la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de vaporisation, prolongeant celle-ci vers le haut et en communication par sa partie interne avec l'intérieur de cette enceinte et une structure en forme d'enceinte évasée vers le haut en communication d'une part avec la partie interne de la colonne et d'autre part avec les cyclones fixés à sa partie supérieure, l'enceinte évasée et les cyclones du sous-ensemble correspondant, constituant un module unitaire du dispositif de séparation.For this purpose, the cylindrical or cyclone tubes are grouped by sub-assemblies, each of the cyclones of a sub-assembly being fixed to the upper part of a support structure common to all the cyclones of the sub-assembly comprising from bottom to top, a tubular column fixed on the upper part of the vaporization enclosure, extending it upwards and in communication by its internal part with the interior of this enclosure and a structure in the form of an upwardly flared enclosure in communication on the one hand with the internal part of the column and on the other hand with the cyclones attached to its upper part, the flared enclosure and the cyclones of the corresponding sub-assembly, constituting a unitary module of the separation device.

Afin de bien faire comprendre l'invention on va maintenant décrire, en se référant aux figures jointes en annexe un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de séparation suivant l'invention, dans le cas d'un générateur de vapeur d'un réacteur nucléaire à eau sous pression.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe par un plan vertical de symétrie d'un générateur de vapeur comportant des dispositifs séparateurs d,eau et de vapeur suivant l,art antérieur.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue en coupe analogue à la vue de la figure 1 d'un générateur de vapeur comportant des séparateurs eauva- peur suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue agrandie de la partie du dôme de vapeur du générateur de vapeur représenté à la figure 2, contenant le dispositif de séparation d'eau et de vapeur suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 4 représente une vue suivant A-A de la figure 3.
In order to clearly understand the invention, a description will now be given, with reference to the appended figures, of an embodiment of a separation device according to the invention, in the case of a steam generator of a nuclear reactor. pressurized water.
  • 1 shows a sectional view through a vertical plane of symmetry of a steam generator comprising devices separators, water and steam the following, prior art.
  • 2 shows a sectional view similar to the view of Figure 1 of a steam generator comprising water separators according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the part of the steam dome of the steam generator shown in FIG. 2, containing the device for separating water and steam according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 represents a view along AA of FIG. 3.

Sur la figure 1, on voit un générateur de vapeur dont l,enveloppe externe 1 résistant à:la pression renferme dans sa partie inférieure de plus faible diamètre, un faisceau tubulaire 2 comportant un ensemble de tubes coudés parcourus par l,eau- sous pression introduite dans le générateur de vapeur sous la plaque tubulaire 3 par une tubulure d'entrée 4, l'eau sous pression parcourant les tubes du faisceau tubulaire puis revenant sous la plaque tubulaire 3 pour sortir du générateur de vapeur par la tubulure 5.In Figure 1, there is shown a steam generator whose external envelope 1 resistant: the pressure contained in the lower portion of smaller diameter, a tubular beam 2 having a plurality of bent tubes through the, water-pressurized introduced into the steam generator under the tube plate 3 by an inlet pipe 4, the pressurized water passing through the tubes of the tube bundle then returning under the tube plate 3 to exit the steam generator through the pipe 5.

Le faisceau tubulaire 2 est entouré jusqu,au voisinage de sa partie inférieure par une enveloppe secondaire 6 constituantl,enceinte de vaporisation à l'intérieur de laquelle l,eau alimentaire en contact avec le faisceau tubulaire parcouru par l,eau sous pression à harute température venant du coeur du réacteur, se vaporise progressivement en s'élevant à l'intérieur de l'enceinte de vaporisation 6 jusqu'à son extrémité supérieure, à la base du dôme de vapeur de diamètre plus important que la partie inférieure du générateur de vapeur.The tube bundle 2 is surrounded up in the vicinity of its lower part by a second casing 6 constituantl, vaporization enclosure within which the, feed water in contact with the tube bundle traversed by, pressurized water temperature harute coming from the reactor core, gradually vaporizes, rising inside the vaporization enclosure 6 to its upper end, at the base of the steam dome with a larger diameter than the lower part of the steam generator .

A la partie la plus haute du dôme de vapeur 1 b est prévue une tubulure 7 permettant la sortie de la vapeur vers la turbine.At the uppermost part of the steam dome 1b is provided a pipe 7 allowing the outlet of the steam to the turbine.

Un dispositif d'amenée d'eau alimentaire non représenté permet de maintenir le niveau 8 de l'eau alimentaire dans le générateur de vapeur à une certaine distance au-dessus du faisceau tubulaire 2, cette distance étant de l'ordre de 2 à 3 mètres, et en dessous des cyclones 10 constitués par des tubes verticaux à l'intérieur desquels sont disposés des déflecteurs hélicoi- daux permettant de faire effectuer un parcours tourbillonnant à (a vapeur amenée depuis la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de vaporisation 6 jusqu'à ces cyclones 10 par des colonnes tubulaires 11 de faible diamètre et de grande hauteur.A feed water supply device not shown makes it possible to maintain the level 8 of the feed water in the steam generator at a certain distance above the tube bundle 2, this distance being of the order of 2 to 3 meters, and below the cyclones 10 constituted by vertical tubes inside which are arranged helical deflectors allowing a swirling path to be carried out (with steam brought from the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 to to these cyclones 10 by tubular columns 11 of small diameter and great height.

A sa sortie du cyclone 10, la vapeur qui a abandonné la plus grande partie de l'eau entraînée en sortie de l'enceinte 6, passe dans des séparateurs secondaires 12 constitués par des chicanes permettant un séchage plus complet de la vapeur avant sa sortie par la tubulure 7.On leaving cyclone 10, the vapor which has left most of the water entrained at the outlet of enclosure 6, passes through secondary separators 12 constituted by baffles allowing more complete drying of the vapor before it leaves through tubing 7.

Les colonnes tubulaires 11 sont fixées rigidement au sommet de l'enceinte de vaporisation 6 et mettent en communication les tubes cylindriques 10 constituant les cyclones avec la partie interne de l'enveloppe 6 à l'intérieur de laquelle l'eau almentaire est vaporisée.The tubular columns 11 are rigidly fixed to the top of the vaporization enclosure 6 and put in communication the cylindrical tubes 10 constituting the cyclones with the internal part of the envelope 6 inside of which the feed water is vaporized.

Sur la figure 1, il apparait-tout à fait clairement que l'accessibilité des colonnes tubulaires 11 disposées en très grand nombre les unes au voisinage des autres est mauvaise et qu' en conséquence les operations de montage, d'entretien et de réparation de ces colonnes tubulaires sont assez difficile. De même, la construction de cette partie du générateur de vapeur suppose un grand nombre d'opérations de mise en place et de fixation par soudage et il est très difficile d'assurer une tenue mecanique suffisante de l'ensemble de ces denerateurs de vapeur fixés a l'extrémite supérieure de colonnes de grande hauteur et de faible diarnetre.In FIG. 1, it appears quite clearly that the accessibility of the tubular columns 11 arranged in very large numbers one in the vicinity of the other is poor and that consequently the assembly, maintenance and repair operations of these tubular columns are quite difficult. Likewise, the construction of this part of the steam generator requires a large number of positioning and fixing operations by welding and it is very difficult to ensure sufficient mechanical strength of all of these fixed steam denerators. at the upper end of tall columns of small diameter.

Sur la figrure 2 on a represente un générateur de vapeur ou les differents éléments identiques aux éléments representés sur la figure 1 portent les mêmes repères.In FIG. 2 there is shown a steam generator where the different elements identical to the elements shown in FIG. 1 bear the same references.

0n voit que les séparateurs cyclones 10 sont dans ce mode de réalisation correspondant a l'invention fixes a la partie supérieur d'un e-nsemble comportant une colonne 14 fixee a la partie supérieure de l' enceninte de vaporsation 6 et une sttucture 15 de forme evasée vers le haut qui seradécrite plus en détails en se référant aux figures 3 et 4.0n we see that the cyclone separators 10 are in this embodiment corresponding to the invention fixed to the upper part of an e-nsemble comprising a column 14 fixed to the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 and a structure 15 of flared upward shape which will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 3 and 4.

Sur les figures 3 et 4, on voit que les séparateurs cyclones 10 sont groupes par sous-énsembles comprtant 7 unités fixes à la partie superieure d'une structure 15 constituee par une enceinte évasée vers le haut dont la section par un plan de section droite est hexagonale.In FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the cyclone separators 10 are grouped by sub-assemblies comprising 7 units fixed to the upper part of a structure 15 constituted by an enclosure flared upwards, the section of which by a plane of cross section is hexagonal.

Les tubes constituant les séparateurs sont fixés par soudage à la partie supérieure de ces enceintes 15 de façon que le volume interne de l'enceinte 15 communique avec l'alésage interne des tubes 10 renfermant les dispositifs déflecteurs permettant de donner un parcours hélicoidal à la vapeur.The tubes constituting the separators are fixed by welding to the upper part of these enclosures 15 so that the internal volume of the enclosure 15 communicates with the internal bore of the tubes 10 enclosing the deflector devices making it possible to give a helical path to the vapor .

Chaque enceinte 15 sur laquelle sont fixés 7 séparateurs à cyclone constitue un module qui peut être fabriqué séparément avant montage du générateur de vapeur.Each enclosure 15 to which 7 cyclone separators are fixed constitutes a module which can be manufactured separately before mounting the steam generator.

D'autre part, les colonnes tubulaires 14 sont disposées à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de vaporisation 6 de façon que leur alésage intérieur soit en communication avec le volume interne de cette enceinte secondaire 6.On the other hand, the tubular columns 14 are arranged at the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 so that their internal bore is in communication with the internal volume of this secondary enclosure 6.

Au moment, du montage final du générateur de vapeur, on relie la partie inférieure de chacune des enceintes 15 avec la partie supérieure d'une colonne 14.At the time of the final assembly of the steam generator, the lower part of each of the chambers 15 is connected with the upper part of a column 14.

L'ensemble des colonnes 14 peut être maintenu à l'intérieur du générateur de vapeur par une ossature de maintien 18 fixée aux colonnes au niveau de leur partie supérieure.The set of columns 14 can be kept inside the steam generator by a holding frame 18 fixed to the columns at their upper part.

De cette façon l'ensemble de la structure de support des cyclones 10 est susceptible de résister aux sollicitations mécaniques rencontrées dans le générateur de vapeur.In this way the entire support structure of the cyclones 10 is capable of withstanding the mechanical stresses encountered in the steam generator.

La section droite de chacune des colonnes 14 est d'autre part inférieure à la somme des sections droites des tubes 10, si bien qu'il est possible de prévoir un très bon remplissage de la section droite du générateur de vapeur par des séparateurs à cyclone tout en ménageant entre les colonnes 14 de soutien des modules un espace suffisant permettant par exemple de disposer le tore d'alimentation d'eau 19 entre ces colonnes.The cross section of each of the columns 14 is on the other hand less than the sum of the cross sections of the tubes 10, so that it is possible to provide very good filling of the cross section of the steam generator with cyclone separators while providing sufficient space between the columns 14 for supporting the modules, making it possible, for example, to place the water supply toroid 19 between these columns.

Pour permettre la disposition du tore d'alimentation d'eau, on pourra par exemple provoquer une légère déflection dans un sens et dans l'autre des colonnes au voisinage desquelles passe le tore d'alimentation 19.To allow the arrangement of the water supply toroid, it is possible for example to cause a slight deflection in one direction and in the other of the columns in the vicinity of which the supply toroid 19 passes.

En fonctionnant le système de régulation du générateur de vapeur permet de maintenir le niveau de l'eau dans le générateur un peu endessous des séparateurs 10, c'est-à-dire au niveau de la partie supérieure des enceintes 15.By operating the steam generator regulation system keeps the water level in the generator slightly below the separators 10, that is to say at the level of the upper part of the enclosures 15.

Ce niveau 8 a été représenté sur la figure 3.This level 8 has been represented in FIG. 3.

Le fait que la section de la colonne 14 soit inférieure à la section totale des séparateurs 10 qu'elle alimente, n'introduit pas une perte de charge supplémentaire notable car la perte de charge est principalement due au déflecteur en hélice situé à l'intérieur du cyclone.The fact that the section of the column 14 is less than the total section of the separators 10 which it supplies, does not introduce a significant additional pressure drop since the pressure drop is mainly due to the helical deflector located inside cyclone.

La diminution de l'encombrement des colonnes permet d'améliorer l'accessibilité dans la zone comprise entre les modules constitués par les enceintes 15 et les séparateurs 10 et le sommet de l'enceinte de vaporisation 6.The reduction in the size of the columns makes it possible to improve accessibility in the zone comprised between the modules formed by the enclosures 15 and the separators 10 and the top of the vaporization enclosure 6.

D'autre part, la diminution du diamètre des colonnes augmente la section disponible pour l'eau de recirculation dans le générateur de vapeur si bien qu'on augmente la masse d'eau totale dans le générateur de vapeur ce qui est bénéfique pour le comportement de ce générateur de vapeur en cas d'accident.On the other hand, the reduction in the diameter of the columns increases the section available for the recirculation water in the steam generator so that the total mass of water in the steam generator is increased which is beneficial for the behavior of this steam generator in the event of an accident.

La section disponible pour l'eau de recirculation dans le générateur de vapeur étant augmentée, la vitesse de descente de cette eau est plus faible ce qui améliore le dégazage dans le cas d'entraînement de vapeur à la sortie des séparateurs par l'eau recyclée.The section available for recirculation water in the steam generator being increased, the speed of descent of this water is lower which improves the degassing in the case of steam entrained at the outlet of the separators by recycled water .

Enfin, les mesures de niveau sont plus facilement interprétables car on diminue les effets perturbateurs de la vitesse sur les prises de pression permettant le contrôle du niveau dans le générateur de vapeur.Finally, the level measurements are more easily interpretable since the disturbing effects of speed on the pressure taps are reduced, allowing the level to be controlled in the steam generator.

On voit donc que les principaux avantages du dispositif selon l'invention sont de permettre d'augmenter les performances du générateur de vapeur sans modifier ses dimensions, de faciliter la construction du générateur de vapeur, grâce à la réalisation sous forme modulaire des dispositifs de séparation d'eau et de vapeur et de permettre une meilleure accessibilité dans l'espace compris entre le sommet de l'enceinte de vaporisation et les modules comportant les séparateurs cyclones.It can therefore be seen that the main advantages of the device according to the invention are to make it possible to increase the performance of the steam generator without modifying its dimensions, to facilitate the construction of the steam generator, by virtue of the modular form of the separation devices. water and steam and to allow better accessibility in the space between the top of the vaporization enclosure and the modules comprising the cyclone separators.

On peut imaginer des enceintes évasées vers le haut constituant la partie des modules sur laquelle sont fixés les séparateurs cyclones d'une forme et d'une construction tout à fait différente de celle qui a été décrite. La section de ces modules peut en particulier être différente d'une section hexagonale et le nombre de séparateurs associés à chacun des modules peut être différent de 7.One can imagine enclosures flared upward constituting the part of the modules on which are fixed the cyclone separators of a shape and construction quite different from that which has been described. The section of these modules can in particular be different from a hexagonal section and the number of separators associated with each of the modules can be different from 7.

La position et la répartition des colonnes à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de vaporisation 6 peut être tout à fait différente de celle qui a été représentée.The position and the distribution of the columns at the upper part of the vaporization enclosure 6 can be entirely different from that which has been shown.

Les séparateurs à cyclone constituant le dispositif de séparation de l'eau et de la vapeur peuvent être associés à un dispositif de séparation secondaire différent d'un sécheur à chicane, comme dans l'exemple qui a été décrit.The cyclone separators constituting the device for separating water and steam can be associated with a secondary separation device different from a baffle dryer, as in the example which has been described.

Enfin, le dispositif selon l'invention s'applique non seulement dans le cas des générateurs de vapeur des réacteurs nucléaires à eau sous pression mais également dans le cas d'autres générateurs utilisant un ensemble de cyclones disposés verticalement au-dessus d'une enceinte de vaporisation, pour la séparation primaire de la vapeur et de l'eau entrainée par cette vapeur.Finally, the device according to the invention applies not only in the case of steam generators of pressurized water nuclear reactors but also in the case of other generators using a set of cyclones arranged vertically above an enclosure vaporization, for the primary separation of the vapor and the water entrained by this vapor.

Claims (5)

1. Apparatus for separating water and steam at the outlet of an evaporation chamber (6) of a recirculation steam generator such as a steam generator used in a nuclear power station, this apparatus consisting of an assembly of vertical cylindrical tubes within which are arranged deflector elements (10)', called cyclones, giving the steam a helical path allowing the water to be separated by centrifugal force when the steam, laden with water before it leaves the upper part of the generator, flows through these tubes arranged above the evaporation chamber (6) which is located in the outer casing (1) resistant to the pressure of the steam generator and within which evaporation of the water takes place, characterised in that the cyclones (10) are grouped in sub-assemblies, each of the cyclones of a sub-assembly being fixed to the upper part of a supporting structure common to all the cyclones of the sub-assembly and comprising from bottom to top a tubular column (14) fixed vertically to the upper part of the evaporation chamber (6), prolonging the latter towards the top and communicating via its inner part with the interior of this enclosure, and a structure (15) in the form of a chamber widened upwards, communicating on the one hand with the inner part of the tubular column (14) and on the other hand with the cyclones (10) fixed to its upper part, the widened chamber (15) and the cyclones (10) of the corresponding sub-assembly constituting a unit module of the separation apparatus.
2. Separation apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the columns (14) of the supporting structures of the sub-assemblies of cyclones (10) have a cross-section less than the sum of the cross-sections of the tubular cyclones (10) of the corresponding sub-assembly.
3. Separation apparatus according to Claim 2, characterised in that the device for supplying water to the steam generator consists of an annular pipe (19) located between some of the supporting columns (14) of the cyclone separators (10).
4. Separation apparatus according to any one of Claims 1, 2 and 3, characterised in that the widened chambers (15) on which the cyclone separators (10) are fixed have a hexagonal cross-section along a cross-sectional plane of the steam generator, the cyclone separators being arranged in a network of hexagonal mesh within the cross-section of the steam generator.
5. Separation apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that each sub-assembly comprises seven cyclone separators (10).
EP81400599A 1980-04-18 1981-04-15 Vapour-water separator at the outlet of a steam generator evaporator space Expired EP0038748B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8008734 1980-04-18
FR8008734A FR2480905A1 (en) 1980-04-18 1980-04-18 DEVICE FOR SEPARATING WATER AND STEAM FROM THE VAPORIZATION SPEAKER OUTPUT OF A STEAM GENERATOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0038748A1 EP0038748A1 (en) 1981-10-28
EP0038748B1 true EP0038748B1 (en) 1983-01-19

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EP81400599A Expired EP0038748B1 (en) 1980-04-18 1981-04-15 Vapour-water separator at the outlet of a steam generator evaporator space

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US (1) US4344387A (en)
EP (1) EP0038748B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56165803A (en)
BR (1) BR8102231A (en)
CA (1) CA1162494A (en)
DE (1) DE3160033D1 (en)
EG (1) EG15350A (en)
ES (1) ES8600490A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2480905A1 (en)
GR (1) GR74454B (en)
PT (1) PT72829B (en)
YU (1) YU90981A (en)
ZA (1) ZA812371B (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5249551A (en) * 1991-04-09 1993-10-05 Kirkpatrick William J Steam generation system mass and feedwater control system
FR2707733B1 (en) * 1993-07-12 1995-09-01 Framatome Sa Steam generator with removable cyclones.
GB2356242A (en) * 1999-10-01 2001-05-16 David Oakland Steam accumulator with centrifugal separators
US8262761B2 (en) * 2009-04-21 2012-09-11 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Modular cyclone precleaner system and method
CN106895387B (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-08-13 核动力运行研究所 A kind of steam dryer
FR3100920B1 (en) * 2019-09-16 2021-10-01 Framatome Sa Method and repair kit for a steam generator of a nuclear reactor

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB937549A (en) * 1961-08-29 1963-09-25 Clarke Chapman Ltd Improvements in cyclonic fluid separators
US3614863A (en) * 1968-12-31 1971-10-26 Combustion Eng Centrifugal separator having perforated can wall
US3735569A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-05-29 Combustion Eng Water-steam separator
US3896770A (en) * 1972-07-24 1975-07-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Steam generator with split flow preheater
US3906905A (en) * 1974-08-20 1975-09-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Steam generator
GB1533482A (en) * 1977-01-06 1978-11-29 Clarke Chapman Ltd Method and apparatus for steam/water separation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT72829A (en) 1981-05-01
US4344387A (en) 1982-08-17
DE3160033D1 (en) 1983-02-24
BR8102231A (en) 1981-11-24
FR2480905A1 (en) 1981-10-23
JPS56165803A (en) 1981-12-19
ES501285A0 (en) 1985-10-01
PT72829B (en) 1982-03-29
EG15350A (en) 1986-06-30
EP0038748A1 (en) 1981-10-28
GR74454B (en) 1984-06-28
YU90981A (en) 1983-12-31
ES8600490A1 (en) 1985-10-01
ZA812371B (en) 1982-04-28
FR2480905B1 (en) 1982-03-19
CA1162494A (en) 1984-02-21

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