[go: up one dir, main page]

EP0034541B1 - Flue or vertical pipe for gas discharge - Google Patents

Flue or vertical pipe for gas discharge Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0034541B1
EP0034541B1 EP81400243A EP81400243A EP0034541B1 EP 0034541 B1 EP0034541 B1 EP 0034541B1 EP 81400243 A EP81400243 A EP 81400243A EP 81400243 A EP81400243 A EP 81400243A EP 0034541 B1 EP0034541 B1 EP 0034541B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hoop
flue
pipe according
hoops
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81400243A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0034541A3 (en
EP0034541A2 (en
Inventor
René Bordet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0034541A2 publication Critical patent/EP0034541A2/en
Publication of EP0034541A3 publication Critical patent/EP0034541A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0034541B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034541B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/28—Chimney stacks, e.g. free-standing, or similar ducts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
    • E04H5/12—Cooling towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/11—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to chimneys or vertical conduits for gas flow.
  • They are generally reinforced concrete shells, in the form of a hyperboloid of revolution around a vertical axis.
  • the present invention is the culmination of a diametrically opposite path of research, since instead of seeking rigidity, on the contrary, we opted for flexibility, for large deformations; in other words, no attempt has been made to oppose the buckling or blistering of the tower, but an attempt has been made to make this phenomenon acceptable by translating in an acceptable manner the forces which it can generate.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce an atmospheric refrigerant tower, or more generally any chimney or any vertical duct for the flow of gas, in the form of a superposition of ducts in the form of a section of surface of revolution or approximately of any revolution such as prism, cylinder, trunk of pyramid or cone, hyperboloid, torus, etc ..., supported and balanced in space partially or completely independently of each other, and each of which is made of a light material and flexible, such as canvas, stretched between two circular or polygonal hoops; each duct is suspended in the air by the flexible carrying links fixed to the upper hoop, and which transfer the weight and the vertical component of the surface tension forces on a vertical central mast, or on a stem of a lateral mast , by means of pulleys hanging from the mast or the stem, or by means of a sliding system of reduced coefficient of friction making it possible to transmit respectively to the mast or the stem only negligible horizontal forces; the various conduits are also stretched by shrouds, connecting the lower hoop to the ground;
  • the invention can find its application in the construction of chimneys or vertical conduits such as atmospheric refrigerant towers in their entirety, it can also be applied to the enhancement of pre-existing rigid chimneys or vertical conduits, either for the purpose of '' improve their performance, either for repair purposes after having leveled their upper part; a flexible conduit suspended between a mast, via load-bearing links, and the ground, via shrouds, as described above, or several superimposed flexible conduits thus stretched independently can then be superimposed on the upper part of the preexisting building, in the continuation of this one.
  • Patent application in the German Federal Republic DE-A-2 824 744 describes a tower formed by suspension, from a central mast, by means of load-bearing links, of a superposition of annular wall elements, the lower edge is connected to the ground by tensioning shrouds; the annular wall elements are however made of reinforced concrete, and this technique aims above all the rigidity of the tower according to an approach opposite to the approach pursued according to the present invention; the walls produced in the form of flexible surfaces are moreover criticized on page 6 of this prior document.
  • a carrying link connects two diametrically opposite zones of the corresponding hoop, and is suspended from the mast between these two zones, at the level of said vertical plumb, by means of means guiding it in translation on itself.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 where a symmetrical tower is shown with respect to a vertical axis 1, and formed by the superimposition and the end-to-end connection of five sections, respectively 2 to 6, of bottom up, each of which is itself symmetrical with respect to axis 1 and delimited by a side wall whose section by a horizontal plane has the shape of a regular polygon, for example with sixteen sides, this number being given by way of nonlimiting example and preferably as high as possible so that the tower has a shape as close as possible to a shape of revolution around the axis 1.
  • the wall of each of the conduits 2 to 6, respectively 2a to 6a is made of canvas or of another light and flexible material, and has an upper periphery and a lower periphery substantially flat and horizontal, when the tower is assembled; this upper periphery and this lower periphery, which are fully open, are bound integrally by rigid horizontal hoops, for example made up of lattice beam elements, at the rate of an upper hoop, respectively 2b to 6b, and a hoop lower, respectively 2c to 6c, each of which has the planar shape which it is desired to communicate to the flexible wall at the corresponding level.
  • rigid horizontal hoops for example made up of lattice beam elements
  • each wall can itself advantageously consist of several assembled panels, each of which has an upper edge and a lower edge secured respectively to the upper hoop and the lower hoop, and two lateral edges each of which is assembled to the immediately adjacent analogous side edge a similar panel, at the edges of the wall; this assembly can also be carried out for example by lacing, welding or sewing if the materials lend themselves to it, other modes of connection of the panels with each other and with the hoops can naturally be chosen without leaving the frame of the invention; however, a removable fastening method is preferred, facilitating mounting and reassembly in the event of damage to a surface with double curvature by assembling triangular plane surfaces, for example welded or sewn or both
  • each of the conduits 2 to 6 is carried, independently of the other conduits, by a central mast 7, vertical, of axis 1; this central mast 7 can be in different forms, such as that of a wire mesh, or a reinforced concrete chimney, other embodiments can naturally be chosen; the mast 7 has a height greater than the cumulative height of the conduits 2 to 6 insofar as its upper end must be located at a level higher than that of the upper hoop 6b of the upper conduit 6 when the tower is assembled.
  • the suspension of the upper hoop of each of the conduits 2 to 6 on the mast 7 is also ensured by flexible carrying links, or hangers, each of which, preferably, connects two zones of the corresponding hoop diametrically opposite with respect to the axis 1 and rests in a central area on suitable carrier means such as 10 and 11 of the mast 7; these bearing means are preferably chosen so as to guide the link in translation on itself, by preventing it from moving vertically, so that under the action of the wind acting on the wall of the elementary duct considered, the upper hoop of the latter as, moreover, the whole of this conduit can be offset with respect to the axis 1 by transmitting a minimum of horizontal forces to the mast 7; for this purpose, the carrier means provided on this mast 7 for the carrier links are for example constituted by pulleys, or runners coated with a material having a very low coefficient of friction, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • each bearing link thus connects two diametrically opposite vertices of the hoop, as is the case of the two carrier links 8 and 9 of the upper hoop 6b of the upper duct 6, a carrying link preferably being associated with each set of two diametrically opposite peaks of the hoop; more generally, the links carrying a hoop are preferably regularly distributed around the axis 1.
  • These shrouds are preferably grouped by sets of two shrouds fixed at the same point of the corresponding hoop, preferably at a vertex thereof when it has a polygonal shape, the two shrouds of the same set being located in a same vertical plane tangent to the hoop assimilated to its exinscribed circle, and oriented in this plane along two lines of a virtual vertical hyperboloid of axis 1, whose hoop considered, assimilated to its exinscribed circle, would constitute a horizontal plane section.
  • the shrouds can be radial, that is to say located in a vertical plane passing through the 'axis 1.
  • All the anchoring points such as 16, 17, 21, 22 are formed by independent concrete blocks or united in the same common annular block arranged along the ring 61, preferred solution for large structures, in that it distributes better efforts to balance the tension of the shrouds.
  • Ground anchors such as 23 for the guy 13 and 24 for the guy 19 can be added to these massifs to associate the weight of a large volume of soil with balancing the tension of the guy lines.
  • the block 16 receives, in addition to the shroud 13, the shroud 25 which is symmetrical with this shroud 13 with respect to a vertical plane including the axis 1 and point 16, as well as these shrouds for connection with the tops of the hoops 3b, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b located vertically vertically respectively from point 15 and point 26 at which the shroud 25 is connected to the hoop 3c, the conduits 3 to 6 having identical transverse dimensions, as are the dimensions in plan of their upper and lower hems respectively.
  • At point 21 is also connected to the massif 24, in addition to the stay 19, a stay 27 connecting point 21 to the top 28 of the hoop 3b situated symmetrically from point 20 with respect to a vertical plane including axis 1 and point 21 , as well as the shrouds placed in the same vertical plane respectively as the shroud 19 and that the shroud 27 and connecting point 21 to the respective vertices of the hoops 3c, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b located respectively plumb vertical from top 20 and vertically vertical from top 28 of hoop 3b.
  • Guy lines can also connect each lower hoop to any fixed point of the mast 7, located at a level lower than that of this hoop (not shown).
  • the lower duct 2 does not have a constant cross section over its entire height like the ducts 3 to 6, but has the shape of a truncated pyramid converging upwards; its upper hoop 2b has a shape and dimensions in plan similar to those of the upper and lower hoops of the conduits 3 to 6 but its lower hoop 2c has dimensions in plan higher, with however a similar polygonal shape and the same number of sides of which each is parallel to one of the sides of the other hoops; the flexible wall of this product 2 is for example formed by assembling identical flexible panels, each of which has the shape of an isosceles trapezium whose small base is assembled with the hoop 2b, the large base with the hoop 2c, and whose the sides are assembled two by two along edges such as 29 and 30 of the wall 2.
  • the upper hoop 2b is suspended at a point 11 of the mast 1 by means of lines such as 31 and 32 each of which, like the lines corresponding to the respective upper hoops of the various conduits 3 to 6, is preferably arranged so as to connect two peaks of the hoop arranged symmetrically to each other with respect to axis 1 and to slide or roll freely at point 11; like the hoops of conduits 3 to 6, the hoops 2b and 2c are also connected to the ground by shrouds, as shown in 33, 34, 35, 36, the two shrouds 33 and 34 connecting at point 16 two peaks of the hoop 2c corresponding here to the ends of the same side thereof, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane included in axis 1 and point 16; likewise, the shrouds 35 and 36 connect the two ends at point 21 on the side of the hoop 2c intersecting the vertical plane including the axis 1 and point 21 and arranged symmetrically with respect to this plane.
  • point 11 is chosen on the mast 7 at a level such that the lines of the hoop 2b extend the edges such as 29 and 30 of the wall of the duct 2; in other words, if we refer to the example illustrated, the shrouds 33 and 34, the panel 39 of the wall 2a, the large base of which coincides with the side of the hoop 2c at the ends of which they are connected, and the sections of the lines 31 and 32 located respectively between the tops of the hoop 2b corresponding to the ends of the side of the latter joined to the small base of the trapezoidal panel 39 and point 11, are coplanar.
  • a tower could be produced by superimposing conduits such as 2 to 6 having shapes different from those which have been described and illustrated, in particular to give the tower a shape as close as possible to that of a hyperboloid of revolution around axis 1, that is to say a convergent shape then diverging from bottom to top.
  • the height of a tower thus constructed can be arbitrary, number of conduits constituting it being chosen in relation taking into account that the optimal height of a conduit is of the order of 30 to 50 meters for reasons of ease of mounting on the ground, then of lifting, possible repair, and taking into account the corresponding section of the cables advantageously used as lines and shrouds this figure is however given by way of nonlimiting example; also by way of nonlimiting example, the tower illustrated in FIGS.
  • 1 and 2 has a useful height of 200 meters from the ground for a mast height of 240 meters, the hoop 2c being located at a height of 20 meters, the hoops 2b and 3c at a height of 80 meters, hoops 3b and 4c at a height of 110 meters, hoops 4b and 5c at a height of 140 meters, hoops 5b and 6c at a height of 170 meters, and the hoop 6b defining the upper edge of the tower at a height of 200 meters.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a mixed construction in which several flexible conduits 41 (only one conduit 41 has been drawn), in all points similar to one of the conduits 3 to 6 of the example of Figures 1 and 2, are superimposed as an extension to the upper part of a cooler tower 40 'of known rigid type, for example in reinforced concrete; naturally, several identical or different conduits 41 could thus be superimposed, in order to raise the tower by the desired height, with a desired shape.
  • a central mast arranged along the vertical axis 43 of the tower 40 ′, could be used for the suspension of the duct 41, but another embodiment of the mast has been illustrated. , which could moreover also be adopted when a tower is made entirely from flexible conduits as in the case of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the mast 44 is outside the tower 40 ′, and carries at its upper part a bracket 45 having along the axis 43 a suspension member 46 similar to the members 10 and 11, which defines a vertical balance of suspension coinciding with the axis 43.
  • the mast 44 rests on the base 46 by a ball joint 47, and is held in the desired position by guy lines such as 48 connecting its high zones to tie rods such as 49 anchored in the ground; it will be noted that it will also be possible to provide such shrouds in the case of a central mast such as the mast 7 of FIG. 1.
  • the duct 41 has a flexible wall 42, vertical, of axis 43, integral at its upper periphery with an upper hoop 50 and at its lower periphery with a lower hoop 51, these two hoops 50 and 51 presenting in the example illustrated the identical shape of a regular polygon with 16 sides, arranged horizontally and centered on the axis 43.
  • Vertices of the hoop 50 diametrically opposite with respect to the axis 43 are connected by lines such as 52 deflected and carried, halfway between their ends, by the member 46 designed so as to allow their horizontal play freely while by immobilizing them vertically; each top of the lower hoop 51, and preferably also of the upper hoop 50, is moreover connected to the ground by a set of two shrouds, such as respectively 53-54 and 55-56, the two shrouds of each set being of preferably located in the same vertical plane tangent to the exinscribed circle of the corresponding hoop, and oriented along generatrices of a hyperboloid of revolution about the axis 43 whose circle exinscribed to the corresponding hoop constitutes a cross section.
  • the shrouds are fixed to tie rods such as 57 and 58, anchored in the ground preferably along a crown 59 centered on the axis 43.
  • the guys 53 and 55 are anchored to the same tie 57, and the shrouds 54 and 56 at the same tie 58.
  • connection between the lower periphery of the duct 41 and the upper periphery 60 of the tower 40 ' is made so as to allow free horizontal clearance of the hoop 51 relative to the tower 40' and, for this purpose, for example, to give the lower periphery of the conduit 41 an interior shape and dimensions such that it can fit around an area of the tower 40 'situated in the immediate vicinity of its crowning 60, with sufficient horizontal clearance; in the example illustrated where the tower 40 'has the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution around the axis 43, the dimensions of the hoop 51 are chosen such that the cylinder inscribed in the lower part of the wall 42 has a diameter higher than that of the crowning 60 of the tower 40 '.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne les cheminées ou conduits verticaux pour l'écoulement de gaz.The present invention relates to chimneys or vertical conduits for gas flow.

Elle concerne notamment, mais non exclusivement, la construction des tours de réfrigérants atmosphériques de tout type.It relates in particular, but not exclusively, to the construction of atmospheric refrigerant towers of all types.

Les plus grandes de ces tours sont actuellement construites pour les réfrigérants atmosphériques des centrales électriques de grande puissance.The largest of these towers are currently built for atmospheric refrigerants of large power plants.

Il s'agit généralement de coques en béton armé, en forme d'hyperboloïde de révolution autour d'un axe vertical.They are generally reinforced concrete shells, in the form of a hyperboloid of revolution around a vertical axis.

Dans cette technique connue, on recherche essentiellement la rigidité de la coque, et si l'on a obtenu satisfaction pour les tours actuelle ment construites, l'extrapolation des dimensions au-delà de celles de ces tours, par exemple en vue de l'équipment de centrales électriques de puissance supérieure, notamment nucléaires, pose des problèmes de sécurité en raison d'un manque de connaissances, de moyens d'expérimentation et de calcul, des différents phénomènes intervenant dans cette sécurité et notamment du phénomène de flambement de la coque; ce problème n'est pas encore maîtrisé.In this known technique, the rigidity of the hull is essentially sought, and if satisfaction has been obtained for the towers currently constructed, extrapolation of the dimensions beyond those of these towers, for example with a view to the equipment of power plants of higher power, in particular nuclear, poses safety problems due to a lack of knowledge, of means of experimentation and calculation, of the various phenomena intervening in this safety and in particular of the phenomenon of buckling of the hull ; this problem is not yet under control.

La présente invention est un aboutissement d'une voie de recherche diamètralement opposée, puisqu'au lieu de rechercher la rigidité, on a au contraire opté pour la souplesse, pour de grandes déformations; en d'autres termes, on n'a pas cherché à s'opposer au flambement ou cloquage de la tour, mais on a cherché à rendre ce phénomène acceptable en traduisant de façon acceptable les efforts qu'il peut engendrer.The present invention is the culmination of a diametrically opposite path of research, since instead of seeking rigidity, on the contrary, we opted for flexibility, for large deformations; in other words, no attempt has been made to oppose the buckling or blistering of the tower, but an attempt has been made to make this phenomenon acceptable by translating in an acceptable manner the forces which it can generate.

Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser une tour de réfrigérant atmosphérique, ou plus généralement toute cheminée ou tout conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz, sous la forme d'une superposition de conduits en forme de tronçon de surface de révolution ou approximativement de révolution quelconque telle que prisme, cylindre, tronc de pyramide ou de cône, hyperboloïde, tore, etc... , supportés et équilibrés dans l'espace partiellement ou totalement indépendamment les une des autres, et dont chacun est réalisé en un matériau léger et souple, tel que de la toile, tendu entre deux cerces circulaires ou polygonales; chaque conduit est suspendu en l'air par les liens porteurs souples fixés à la cerce supérieure, et qui reportent le poids et la composante verticale des efforts de tension de la surface sur un mât central vertical, ou sur une potence d'un mât latéral, par l'intermédiaire de poulies pendues au mât ou à la potence, ou par l'intermédiaire d'un système à glissement de coefficient de frottement réduit permettant de ne transmettre respectivement au mât ou à la potence que des efforts horizontaux négligeables; les différents conduits sont par ailleurs tendus par des haubans, reliant la cerce inférieure au sol; éventuellement, une partie de cette tension peut être avantageusement reportée par des liens sur le mât central à un niveau inférieur à celui de la cerce. De tels haubans peuvent d'ailleurs être également prévus pour relier la cerce supérieure au sol, et leur position étant judicieusement choisie pour équilibrer le conduit correspondant en rotation sur lui-même.The object of the present invention is to produce an atmospheric refrigerant tower, or more generally any chimney or any vertical duct for the flow of gas, in the form of a superposition of ducts in the form of a section of surface of revolution or approximately of any revolution such as prism, cylinder, trunk of pyramid or cone, hyperboloid, torus, etc ..., supported and balanced in space partially or completely independently of each other, and each of which is made of a light material and flexible, such as canvas, stretched between two circular or polygonal hoops; each duct is suspended in the air by the flexible carrying links fixed to the upper hoop, and which transfer the weight and the vertical component of the surface tension forces on a vertical central mast, or on a stem of a lateral mast , by means of pulleys hanging from the mast or the stem, or by means of a sliding system of reduced coefficient of friction making it possible to transmit respectively to the mast or the stem only negligible horizontal forces; the various conduits are also stretched by shrouds, connecting the lower hoop to the ground; possibly, part of this tension can be advantageously transferred by links on the central mast to a level lower than that of the hoop. Such shrouds can also be provided to connect the upper hoop to the ground, and their position being judiciously chosen to balance the corresponding conduit in rotation on itself.

Ainsi, lorsque l'action du vent déforme la toile d'un côté ou de l'autre de la position d'équilibre définie par la position dans laquelle les haubans correspondant à une même cerce sont soumis à une tension identique, il apparaît dans la toile une tension supplémentaire que est transmise aux deux cerces, et de là au sol directement, par les haubans, et indirectement, par les liens porteuers et le mât por ce que concerne la composante verticale de cette surtension; en outre, le conduit peut alors se déplacer latéralement, éventuellement d'ailleurs de façon différente au niveau de la cerce supérieure et au niveau de la cerce inférieure, moyennant une mise en tension supplémentaire des liens porteurs et des haubans, indépendamment des autres conduits.Thus, when the action of the wind deforms the fabric on one side or the other of the equilibrium position defined by the position in which the shrouds corresponding to the same hoop are subjected to an identical tension, it appears in the canvas an additional tension that is transmitted to the two hoops, and from there to the ground directly, by the shrouds, and indirectly, by the carrier links and the mast for what concerns the vertical component of this overvoltage; in addition, the conduit can then move laterally, possibly moreover in a different manner at the level of the upper hoop and at the level of the lower hoop, by means of an additional tensioning of the bearing links and the shrouds, independently of the other conduits.

En d'autres termes, le flambement alors autorisé de la tour, de la cheminée, ou du conduit formé par la superposition des différents conduits indépendants, est intégralement répercuté au sol, en effort de traction au niveau des haubans et de poussée varticale au niveau du mât, conduit par conduit, et ne donne en aucun cas naissance dans le parois à des contraintes analogues à celles qui apparaîtraient dans une paroi rigide.In other words, the buckling then authorized of the tower, the chimney, or the conduit formed by the superposition of the different independent conduits, is fully reflected on the ground, in tensile stress at the shrouds and at vartical thrust at the level of the mast, led by conduit, and in no case gives rise in the walls to constraints similar to those which would appear in a rigid wall.

Si l'invention peut trouver son application dans la construction de cheminées ou de conduits verticaux tels que les tours de réfrigérants atmosphériques dans leur intégralité, elle peut également s'appliquer au rehaussement de cheminées ou de conduits verticaux rigides préexistants, soit dans le but d'améliorer leurs performances, soit dans un but de réparation après que l'on ait arasé leur partie supérieure; un conduit souple suspendu entre un mât, via des liens porteurs, et le sol, via des haubans, de la façon décrite ci-dessus, ou plusieurs conduits souples superposés ainsi tendus de façon indépendante peuvent être alors superposés à la partie supérieure de l'édifice préexistant, dans le prolongement de celui-ci.If the invention can find its application in the construction of chimneys or vertical conduits such as atmospheric refrigerant towers in their entirety, it can also be applied to the enhancement of pre-existing rigid chimneys or vertical conduits, either for the purpose of '' improve their performance, either for repair purposes after having leveled their upper part; a flexible conduit suspended between a mast, via load-bearing links, and the ground, via shrouds, as described above, or several superimposed flexible conduits thus stretched independently can then be superimposed on the upper part of the preexisting building, in the continuation of this one.

On connaît par le brevet américain US-A-4 050 214 une tour de réfrigérant atmosphérique formée d'une superposition verticale de surfaces annulaires réalisées par exemple en feuille de matière plastique et dont chacune présente à sa périphérie supérieure et à sa périphérie inférieure une cerce métallique rigide, recevant des liens porteurs de suspension à un mât central et des haubans de liaison avec le sol assurant sa stabilité dans l'espace; à l'exception de la cerce supérieure et de la cerce inférieure, chaque cerce est commune à deux surfaces annulaires voisines ainsi liées sans possibilité de débattement relatif' la structure définie par le mât, le sol et les cerces stabilisées entre eux constitue une ossature portante essentiellement rigide, vis-à- vis de laquelle les surfaces annulaires ne jouent qu'un rôle de bardage.American patent US-A-4,050,214 discloses an atmospheric refrigerant tower formed by a vertical superposition of annular surfaces made for example of plastic sheet and each of which has a hoop at its upper periphery and at its lower periphery rigid metal, receiving suspension suspension links to a central mast and stay cables with the ground ensuring its stability in space; with the exception of the hoop upper and lower hoop, each hoop is common to two adjacent annular surfaces thus linked without the possibility of relative deflection 'the structure defined by the mast, the ground and the hoops stabilized between them constitutes an essentially rigid bearing framework, vis-à-vis screw of which the annular surfaces only play a cladding role.

La demande de brevet en République Fédérale Allemande DE-A-2 824 744 décrit quant à elle une tour formée par suspension, à un mât central, par l'intermédiaire de liens porteurs, d'une superposition d'éléments annulaires de paroi dont le bord inférieur est relié au sol par des haubans de mise en traction; les éléments annulaires de paroi sont toutefois réalisés en béton armé, et cette technique vise avant tout la rigidité de la tour selon une démarche opposée à la démarche poursuivie selon la présente invention; les parois réalisées sous forme de surfaces souples sont d'ailleurs critiquées à la page 6 de ce document antérieur.Patent application in the German Federal Republic DE-A-2 824 744 describes a tower formed by suspension, from a central mast, by means of load-bearing links, of a superposition of annular wall elements, the lower edge is connected to the ground by tensioning shrouds; the annular wall elements are however made of reinforced concrete, and this technique aims above all the rigidity of the tower according to an approach opposite to the approach pursued according to the present invention; the walls produced in the form of flexible surfaces are moreover criticized on page 6 of this prior document.

Selon l'invention, la cheminée, ou conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz, tel qu'une tour de réfrigérant atmosphérique, du type comportant:

  • - un mât de suspension définissant un aplomb vertical de suspension,
  • - une pluralité de surfaces souples, ouvertes vers le bas et vers le haut, symétriques par rapport à cet aplomb, superposées verticalement,
  • - des cerces rigides, sensiblement horizontales, à raison d'une cerce supérieure solidaire de la périphérie supérieure de chaque surface et d'une cerce inférieure solidaire de la périphérie inférieure de cette surface, chaque cerce étant symétrique par rapport audit aplomb,
  • - des liens porteurs suples suspendant chaque cerce supérieure au mât,
  • - des haubans de liaison des cerces avec un ou plusieurs points fixes par rapport au sol et situés à un niveau inférieur à celui de la cerce correspondante,

se caractérise en ce que la cerce inférieure d'une surface supérieure est voisine mais indépendante de la cerce supérieure d'une surface immédiatement inférieure, ces deux cerces présentant dans un plan horizontal des formes et dimensions voisines, en ce que les cerces inférieures sont démunies de liens porteurs de suspension au mât, en ce que deux cerces respectivement supérieure et inférieure voisines sont aptes à subir un débattement relatif, et en ce que des haubans relient chaque cerce inférieure à un ou plusieurs points fixes, par rapport au sol et situés à un niveau inférieur à celui de cette cerce, pour tendre chaque surface souple entre les cerces respectivement supérieure et inférieure correspondantes, indépendamment des autres surfaces souples.According to the invention, the chimney, or vertical duct for the flow of gas, such as an atmospheric refrigerant tower, of the type comprising:
  • - a suspension mast defining a vertical suspension plumb,
  • - a plurality of flexible surfaces, open downwards and upwards, symmetrical with respect to this plumb, vertically superimposed,
  • rigid hoops, substantially horizontal, at the rate of an upper hoop secured to the upper periphery of each surface and a lower hoop secured to the lower periphery of this surface, each hoop being symmetrical with respect to said plumb,
  • - flexible bearing links suspending each upper hoop from the mast,
  • - shrouds connecting the hoops with one or more fixed points relative to the ground and located at a level lower than that of the corresponding hoop,

is characterized in that the lower hoop of an upper surface is adjacent but independent of the upper hoop of an immediately lower surface, these two hoops having in a horizontal plane similar shapes and dimensions, in that the lower hoops are deprived of links carrying suspension to the mast, in that two neighboring upper and lower hoops respectively are capable of undergoing a relative movement, and in that the shrouds connect each lower hoop to one or more fixed points, relative to the ground and located at a level lower than that of this hoop, to stretch each flexible surface between the corresponding upper and lower hoops respectively, independently of the other flexible surfaces.

Selon une autre caractéristique, un lien porteur relie deux zones diamétralement opposées de la cerce correspondante, et est suspendu au mât entre ces deux zones, au niveau dudit aplomb vertical, par l'intermédiaire de moyens le guidant en translation sur lui-même.According to another characteristic, a carrying link connects two diametrically opposite zones of the corresponding hoop, and is suspended from the mast between these two zones, at the level of said vertical plumb, by means of means guiding it in translation on itself.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description ci-dessous, relative à deux modes de mise en oeuvre non limitatifs, et des dessins annexés qui font partie intégrante de cette description.

  • - La figure 1 montre une vue d'une tour de réfrigérant atmosphérique intégralement constituée par la superposition de conduits souples indépendants, conformément à l'invention, en coupe par un plan vertical axial tel que le plan I-I de la figure 2;
  • - la figure 2 montre une vue de dessus de cette tour;
  • - les figures 3 et 4 montrent une tour de réfrigérant atmosphérique rigide munie d'une rehausse conformément à l'invention, en deux élévations latérales;
  • - la figure 5 montre une demi-vue de dessus de cette tour.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below, relating to two nonlimiting modes of implementation, and from the appended drawings which form an integral part of this description.
  • - Figure 1 shows a view of an atmospheric refrigerant tower integrally constituted by the superposition of independent flexible conduits, according to the invention, in section through an axial vertical plane such as plane II of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 2 shows a top view of this tower;
  • - Figures 3 and 4 show a rigid atmospheric cooler tower provided with a riser according to the invention, in two side elevations;
  • - Figure 5 shows a half top view of this tower.

Pour plus de clarté, on a réalisé ces figures sous forme schématique, notamment au niveau du raccordement des liens porteurs et des haubans avec les autres éléments, et seuls certains de ces liens porteurs et de ces haubans ont été représentés, compte tenu de ce qu'il est du domaine des connaissances de l'Homme de l'Art de réaliser pratiquement ces raccordements et de prévoir les liens proteurs et les haubans en un nombre et suivant une répartition appropriés.For the sake of clarity, these figures have been produced in schematic form, in particular at the level of the connection of the load-bearing links and guy lines with the other elements, and only some of these load-bearing links and these guy lines have been shown, taking into account that 'It is within the domain of knowledge of those skilled in the art to make these connections practically and to provide the protective links and the shrouds in a number and according to an appropriate distribution.

On se référera en premier lieu aux figures 1 et 2, où l'on a représenté une tour symétrique par rapport à un axe vertical 1, et formée par la superposition et le raccordement bout à bout de cinq tronçons, respectivement 2 à 6, de bas en haut, dont chacun est lui-même symétrique par rapport à l'axe 1 et délimité par une paroi latérale dont la section par un plan horizontal présente la forme d'un polygone régulier, par exemple à seize côtés, ce nombre étant donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et de préférence aussi élevé que possible afin que la tour présente une forme aussi proche que possible d'une forme de révolution autour de l'axe 1.Reference will firstly be made to FIGS. 1 and 2, where a symmetrical tower is shown with respect to a vertical axis 1, and formed by the superimposition and the end-to-end connection of five sections, respectively 2 to 6, of bottom up, each of which is itself symmetrical with respect to axis 1 and delimited by a side wall whose section by a horizontal plane has the shape of a regular polygon, for example with sixteen sides, this number being given by way of nonlimiting example and preferably as high as possible so that the tower has a shape as close as possible to a shape of revolution around the axis 1.

Selon l'invention, la paroi de chacun des conduits 2 à 6, respectivement 2a à 6a, est réalisée en toile ou en un autre matériau léger et souple, et présente une périphérie supérieure et une périphérie inférieure sensiblement planes et horizontales, lorsque la tour est assemblée; cette périphérie supérieure et cette périphérie inférieure, intégralement ouvertes, sont bordées de façon solidaire par des cerces horizontales rigides par exemple constituées d'éléments de poutre en treillis, à raison d'une cerce supérieure, respectivement 2b à 6b, et d'une cerce inférieure, respectivement 2c à 6c, dont chacune présente la forme en plan que l'on désire communiquer à la paroi souple au niveau correspondant.According to the invention, the wall of each of the conduits 2 to 6, respectively 2a to 6a, is made of canvas or of another light and flexible material, and has an upper periphery and a lower periphery substantially flat and horizontal, when the tower is assembled; this upper periphery and this lower periphery, which are fully open, are bound integrally by rigid horizontal hoops, for example made up of lattice beam elements, at the rate of an upper hoop, respectively 2b to 6b, and a hoop lower, respectively 2c to 6c, each of which has the planar shape which it is desired to communicate to the flexible wall at the corresponding level.

La solidarisation des parois avec les cerces correspondantes est par exemple assurée par laçage, soudure ou couture si le matériau de la paroi s'y prête; selon la qualité du matériau employé, sa tension peut être soulagée par des liaisons souples, telles que des pièces flexibles ou des liens, entre cerces, soit par des cerces intermédiaires, soit par les deux moyens conjugués; chaque paroi peut elle-même avantageusement être constituée de plusieurs panneaux assemblés, dont chacun présente un bord supérieur et un bord inférieur solidaires respectivement de la cerce supérieure et de la cerce inférieure, et deux bords latéraux dont chacun est assemblé au bord latéral analogue immédiatement voisin d'un panneau analogue, au niveau des arêtes de la paroi; cet assemblage peut également être réalisé par exemple par laçage, soudure ou couture si les matériaux s'y prêtent, d'autres modes de liaison des panneaux entre eux et avec les cerces pouvant naturellement être choisis sans que l'on sorte pour autant du cadre de l'invention; on préférera cependant un mode de solidarisation amovible, facilitant le montage et le remontage en cas d'avarie en surface à double courbure par assemblage de surfaces planes triangulaires par exemple soudées ou cousues ou à la fois soudées et cousues.The joining of the walls with the corresponding hoops is for example ensured by lacing, welding or sewing if the material of the wall lends itself to it; depending on the quality of the material used, its tension can be relieved by flexible connections, such as flexible parts or links, between hoops, either by intermediate hoops, or by the two combined means; each wall can itself advantageously consist of several assembled panels, each of which has an upper edge and a lower edge secured respectively to the upper hoop and the lower hoop, and two lateral edges each of which is assembled to the immediately adjacent analogous side edge a similar panel, at the edges of the wall; this assembly can also be carried out for example by lacing, welding or sewing if the materials lend themselves to it, other modes of connection of the panels with each other and with the hoops can naturally be chosen without leaving the frame of the invention; however, a removable fastening method is preferred, facilitating mounting and reassembly in the event of damage to a surface with double curvature by assembling triangular plane surfaces, for example welded or sewn or both welded and sewn.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures 1 et 2, chacun des conduits 2 à 6 est porté, indépendamment des autres conduits, par un mât central 7, vertical, d'axe 1; ce mât central 7 peut se présenter sous différentes formes, comme par exemple celle d'un treillis métallique, ou d'une cheminée en béton armé, d'autres modes de réalisation pouvant naturellement être choisis; le mât 7 présente une hauteur supérieure à la hauteur cumulée des conduits 2 à 6 dans la mesure où son extrémité supérieure doit être située à un niveau supérieur à celui de la cerce supérieure 6b du conduit supérieur 6 lorsque la tour est assemblée.In the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, each of the conduits 2 to 6 is carried, independently of the other conduits, by a central mast 7, vertical, of axis 1; this central mast 7 can be in different forms, such as that of a wire mesh, or a reinforced concrete chimney, other embodiments can naturally be chosen; the mast 7 has a height greater than the cumulative height of the conduits 2 to 6 insofar as its upper end must be located at a level higher than that of the upper hoop 6b of the upper conduit 6 when the tower is assembled.

La suspension de la cerce supérieure de chacun des conduits 2 à 6 au mât 7 est aussurée par des liens porteurs souples, ou suspentes, dont chacun, de préférence, relie deux zones de la cerce correspondante diamétralement opposées par rapport à l'axe 1 et repose dans une zone médiane sur des moyens porteuers appropriés tels que 10 et 11 du mât 7; ces moyens porteurs sont de préférence choisis de façon à assurer un guidage du lien en translation sur lui-même, en l'empêchant de se déplacer verticalement, de telle sorte que sous l'action du vent agissant sur la paroi du conduit élémentaire considéré, la cerce supérieure de celui-ci comme d'ailleurs l'ensemble de ce conduit puisse se désaxer par rapport à l'axe 1 en transmettant un minimum d'efforts horizontaux au mât 7; à cet effet, les moyens porteurs prévus sur ce mât 7 pour les liens porteurs sont par exemple constitués par des poulies, ou des glissières revêtues d'un matériau présentant un coefficient de frottement très faible, tel que le polytétrafluor- éthylëne.The suspension of the upper hoop of each of the conduits 2 to 6 on the mast 7 is also ensured by flexible carrying links, or hangers, each of which, preferably, connects two zones of the corresponding hoop diametrically opposite with respect to the axis 1 and rests in a central area on suitable carrier means such as 10 and 11 of the mast 7; these bearing means are preferably chosen so as to guide the link in translation on itself, by preventing it from moving vertically, so that under the action of the wind acting on the wall of the elementary duct considered, the upper hoop of the latter as, moreover, the whole of this conduit can be offset with respect to the axis 1 by transmitting a minimum of horizontal forces to the mast 7; for this purpose, the carrier means provided on this mast 7 for the carrier links are for example constituted by pulleys, or runners coated with a material having a very low coefficient of friction, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.

De préférence, chaque lien porteur relie ainsi deux sommets diamétralement opposés de la cerce, comme c'est le cas des deux liens porteuers 8 et 9 de la cerce supérieure 6b du conduit supérieur 6, un lien porteur étant de préférence associé à chaque jeu de deux sommets diamétralement opposés de la cerce; plus généralement, les liens porteurs d'une cerce sont de préférence régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe 1.Preferably, each bearing link thus connects two diametrically opposite vertices of the hoop, as is the case of the two carrier links 8 and 9 of the upper hoop 6b of the upper duct 6, a carrying link preferably being associated with each set of two diametrically opposite peaks of the hoop; more generally, the links carrying a hoop are preferably regularly distributed around the axis 1.

La mise en tension de la paroi souple de chaque conduit, et en outre son immobilisation en roation autour de l'axe 1, est quant à elle assurée par liaison de la cerce inférieure correspondante, et de préférence de la cerce supérieure également en ce que concerne l'immobilisation en rotation, avec le sol 12 par l'intermédiaire de haubans.The tensioning of the flexible wall of each conduit, and moreover its immobilization in rotation around the axis 1, is in turn ensured by connection of the corresponding lower hoop, and preferably of the upper hoop also in that relates to immobilization in rotation, with the ground 12 by means of shrouds.

Ces haubans sont de préférence groupés par jeux de deux haubans fixés en un même point de la cerce correspondante, de préférence à un sommet de celle-ci lorsqu'elle présente une forme polygonale, les deux haubans d'un même jeu étant situés dans un même plan vertical tangent à la cerce assimilée à son cercle exinscrit, et orientés dans ce plan suivant deux droites d'un hyperboloïde vertical virtuel d'axe 1, dont la cerce considérée, assimilée à son cercle exinscrit, constituerait une section plane horizontale.These shrouds are preferably grouped by sets of two shrouds fixed at the same point of the corresponding hoop, preferably at a vertex thereof when it has a polygonal shape, the two shrouds of the same set being located in a same vertical plane tangent to the hoop assimilated to its exinscribed circle, and oriented in this plane along two lines of a virtual vertical hyperboloid of axis 1, whose hoop considered, assimilated to its exinscribed circle, would constitute a horizontal plane section.

Dans le cas d'une hauteur de l'ouvrage relativement faible, donc de faible tendance d'un conduit à tourner sur lui-même, les haubans peuvent être radiaux, c'est-à-dire situés dans un plan vertical passant par l'axe 1.In the case of a relatively low height of the structure, therefore of low tendency of a duct to turn on itself, the shrouds can be radial, that is to say located in a vertical plane passing through the 'axis 1.

Dans ce cas les haubans de la cerce supérieure de chaque conduit peuvent également être supprimés.In this case the shrouds of the upper hoop of each duct can also be removed.

Seuls ont été représentés quelques uns de ces haubans, et on prévoit de préférence de tels jeux de haubans, régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe 1, pour relier chacun des sommets de chaque cerce avec le sol 12.Only a few of these shrouds have been shown, and such sets of shrouds are preferably provided, regularly distributed around the axis 1, to connect each of the tops of each hoop with the ground 12.

On a ainsi représenté un jeu de deux haubans 13 et 14 reliant un même sommet 15 de la cerce inférieure 3c du conduit 3 à deux points, respectivement 16 et 17, du sol, et deux haubans 18 et 19 reliant un même sommet 20 de la cerce supérieure 3b de ce conduit 3 à deux points, respectivement 21 et 22, du sol.There is thus shown a set of two shrouds 13 and 14 connecting the same top 15 of the lower hoop 3c of the conduit 3 at two points, respectively 16 and 17, of the ground, and two shrouds 18 and 19 connecting the same top 20 of the upper hoop 3b of this conduit 3 at two points, respectively 21 and 22, from the ground.

Tous les points d'ancrage tels que 16, 17, 21, 22 sont constitués par des massifs de béton indépendants ou réunis dans un même massif annulaire commun disposé suivant la couronne 61, solution préférée pour les grands ouvrages, en ce qu'elle répartit mieux les efforts d'équilibrage de la tension des haubans. Des tirants ancrés dans le sol tels que 23 pour le hauban 13 et 24 pour le hauban 19 peuvent être ajoutés à ces massifs pour associer le poids d'un grand volume de sol à l'équilibrage de la tension des haubans.All the anchoring points such as 16, 17, 21, 22 are formed by independent concrete blocks or united in the same common annular block arranged along the ring 61, preferred solution for large structures, in that it distributes better efforts to balance the tension of the shrouds. Ground anchors such as 23 for the guy 13 and 24 for the guy 19 can be added to these massifs to associate the weight of a large volume of soil with balancing the tension of the guy lines.

On notera qu'un même tirant assure avantageusement l'ancrage de plusieurs haubans; ainsi, dans l'exemple illustré, le massif 16 reçoit, outre le hauban 13, le hauban 25 symétique de ce hauban 13 par rapport à un plan vertical incluant l'axe 1 et le point 16, ainsi que ces haubans de liaison avec les sommets des cerces 3b, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b situés à l'aplomb vertical respectivement du point 15 et du point 26 au niveau duquel le hauban 25 se raccorde à la cerce 3c, les conduits 3 à 6 présentant des dimensions transversales identiques, comme sont identiques les dimensions en plan de leurs cerces respectivement supérieure et inférieure.It will be noted that the same tie rod advantageously ensures the anchoring of several stay cables; thus, in the example illustrated, the block 16 receives, in addition to the shroud 13, the shroud 25 which is symmetrical with this shroud 13 with respect to a vertical plane including the axis 1 and point 16, as well as these shrouds for connection with the tops of the hoops 3b, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b located vertically vertically respectively from point 15 and point 26 at which the shroud 25 is connected to the hoop 3c, the conduits 3 to 6 having identical transverse dimensions, as are the dimensions in plan of their upper and lower hems respectively.

Au point 21 se raccorde de même au massif 24, outre le hauban 19, un hauban 27 reliant le point 21 au sommet 28 de la cerce 3b situé symétriquement du point 20 par rapport à un plan vertical incluant l'axe 1 et le point 21, ainsi que les haubans placés dans le même plan vertical respectivement que le hauban 19 et que le hauban 27 et reliant le point 21 aux sommets respectifs des cerces 3c, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b situés respectivement à l'aplomb vertical du sommet 20 et à l'aplomb vertical du sommet 28 de la cerce 3b.At point 21 is also connected to the massif 24, in addition to the stay 19, a stay 27 connecting point 21 to the top 28 of the hoop 3b situated symmetrically from point 20 with respect to a vertical plane including axis 1 and point 21 , as well as the shrouds placed in the same vertical plane respectively as the shroud 19 and that the shroud 27 and connecting point 21 to the respective vertices of the hoops 3c, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b located respectively plumb vertical from top 20 and vertically vertical from top 28 of hoop 3b.

Des haubans peuvent en outre relier chaque cerce inférieure à un point quelconque, fixe du mât 7, situé à un niveau inférieur à celui de cette cerce (non représenté).Guy lines can also connect each lower hoop to any fixed point of the mast 7, located at a level lower than that of this hoop (not shown).

On notera que, dans l'exemple illustré, le conduit inférieur 2 ne présente pas une section transversale constante sur toute sa hauteur comme les conduits 3 à 6, mais présente ta forme d'un tronc de pyramide convergent vers le haut; sa cerce supérieure 2b présente une forme et des dimension en plan analogues à celles des cerces supérieures et inférieures des conduits 3 à 6 mais sa cerce inférieure 2c présente des dimensions en plan supérieures, avec toutefois une forme polygonale analogue et un même nombre de côtés dont chacun est parallèle à l'un des côtés des autres cerces; la paroi souple de ce produit 2 est par exemple formée par assemblage de panneaux souples, identiques, dont chacun présente la forme d'un trapèze isocèle dont la petite base est assemblée avec la cerce 2b, la grande base avec la cerce 2c, et dont les côtés sont assemblés deux à deux le long d'arêtes telles que 29 et 30 de la paroi 2.It will be noted that, in the example illustrated, the lower duct 2 does not have a constant cross section over its entire height like the ducts 3 to 6, but has the shape of a truncated pyramid converging upwards; its upper hoop 2b has a shape and dimensions in plan similar to those of the upper and lower hoops of the conduits 3 to 6 but its lower hoop 2c has dimensions in plan higher, with however a similar polygonal shape and the same number of sides of which each is parallel to one of the sides of the other hoops; the flexible wall of this product 2 is for example formed by assembling identical flexible panels, each of which has the shape of an isosceles trapezium whose small base is assembled with the hoop 2b, the large base with the hoop 2c, and whose the sides are assembled two by two along edges such as 29 and 30 of the wall 2.

La cerce supérieure 2b est suspendue à un point 11 du mât 1 par l'intermédiaire de suspentes telles que 31 et 32 dont chacune, comme les suspentes correspondant aux cerces supérieures respectives des différents conduits 3 à 6, est de préférence disposée de façon à relier deux sommets de la cerce disposés symétriquement l'un de l'autre par rapport à l'axe 1 et à coulisser ou rouler librement au niveau du point 11; comme les cerces des conduits 3 à 6, les cerces 2b et 2c sont par ailleurs reliées au sol par des haubans, comme représenté en 33, 34, 35, 36, les deux haubans 33 et 34 reliant au point 16 deux sommets de la cerce 2c correspondant ici aux extrémités d'un même côté de celle-ci, symétriques par rapport au plan vertical inclus en l'axe 1 et le point 16; de même, les haubans 35 et 36 relient au point 21 les 6 deux extrémités du côté de la cerce 2c coupant le plan vertical incluant l'axe 1 et le point 21 et disposés symétriquement par rapport à ce plan.The upper hoop 2b is suspended at a point 11 of the mast 1 by means of lines such as 31 and 32 each of which, like the lines corresponding to the respective upper hoops of the various conduits 3 to 6, is preferably arranged so as to connect two peaks of the hoop arranged symmetrically to each other with respect to axis 1 and to slide or roll freely at point 11; like the hoops of conduits 3 to 6, the hoops 2b and 2c are also connected to the ground by shrouds, as shown in 33, 34, 35, 36, the two shrouds 33 and 34 connecting at point 16 two peaks of the hoop 2c corresponding here to the ends of the same side thereof, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane included in axis 1 and point 16; likewise, the shrouds 35 and 36 connect the two ends at point 21 on the side of the hoop 2c intersecting the vertical plane including the axis 1 and point 21 and arranged symmetrically with respect to this plane.

De préférence, et comme il est illustré, le point 11 est choisi sur le mât 7 à un niveau tel que les suspentes de la cerce 2b prologent les arêtes telles que 29 et 30 de la paroi du conduit 2; en d'autres termes, si on se réfère à l'exemple illustré, les haubans 33 et 34, le panneau 39 de la paroi 2a dont le grande base coincide avec le côté de la cerce 2c aux extrémités duquel ils se raccordent, et les tronçons des suspentes 31 et 32 situés respectivement entre les sommets de la cerce 2b correspondant aux extrémités du côté de celle-ci jointif de la petite base du panneau trapézoïdal 39 et le point 11, sont coplanaires.Preferably, and as illustrated, point 11 is chosen on the mast 7 at a level such that the lines of the hoop 2b extend the edges such as 29 and 30 of the wall of the duct 2; in other words, if we refer to the example illustrated, the shrouds 33 and 34, the panel 39 of the wall 2a, the large base of which coincides with the side of the hoop 2c at the ends of which they are connected, and the sections of the lines 31 and 32 located respectively between the tops of the hoop 2b corresponding to the ends of the side of the latter joined to the small base of the trapezoidal panel 39 and point 11, are coplanar.

Naturellement, on pourrait réaliser une tour par superposition de conduits tels 2 à 6 présentant des formes différentes de celles qui ont été décrites et illustrées, notamment pour donner à la tour une forme aussi proche que possible de celle d'un hyperboloïde de révolution autour de l'axe 1, c'est-à-dire une forme convergente puis divergente de bas en haut.Naturally, a tower could be produced by superimposing conduits such as 2 to 6 having shapes different from those which have been described and illustrated, in particular to give the tower a shape as close as possible to that of a hyperboloid of revolution around axis 1, that is to say a convergent shape then diverging from bottom to top.

L'étanchéité entre deux conduits, c'est-à-dire respectivement entre le bord inférieur d'un conduit supérieur et le bord supérieur de conduit immédiatement inférieur, est assurée par des joints souples, amples, tels que 40, autorisant un libre débattement relatif des conduits, recherché selon l'invention; éventuellement, en complément du haubanage, on peut prévoir pour empêcher une rotation relative des conduits une liaison mécanique entre la cerce inférieure d'un conduit supérieur et la cerce supérieure d'un conduit inférieur, de façon à autoriser un débattement dans des plans verticaux incluant l'axe 1 en interdisant un déplacement relatif à roatation autour de cet axe 1; on prévoira à cet effet par exemple une liaison entre cerces respectivement supérieure et inférieure voisines par des coulisseaux verticaux (non représentés).The tightness between two conduits, that is to say respectively between the lower edge of an upper conduit and the upper edge of the immediately lower conduit, is ensured by flexible, ample seals, such as 40, allowing free movement relative conduits, sought according to the invention; optionally, in addition to the guying, it is possible to provide, to prevent relative rotation of the conduits, a mechanical connection between the lower hoop of an upper conduit and the upper hoop of a lower conduit, so as to allow travel in vertical planes including axis 1 by prohibiting a displacement relative to roatation around this axis 1; for this purpose, for example, a connection will be provided between neighboring upper and lower hoops respectively by vertical slides (not shown).

On remarquera la légèreté et la facilité de construction d'une tour du type illustré aux figures 1 et 2 qui, après construction du mât 7 et coulée des massifs d'ancrage au sol avec les tirants tels que 23 et 24, peut être réalisée par assemblage au sol puis montée successive vers leur position définitive des différents conduits, en commençant par le conduit supérieur 6 et en poursuivant par les différents conduits dans l'ordre dans lequel ils se présentent du haut en bas de la tour; l'équilibrage de chaque conduit, c'est-à-dire la mise en tension des haubans correspondants, peut avantageusement être réalisé au moment où l'on met ce conduit en place, compte tenu de ce que les différents conduits sont indépendants; les cerces respectivement supérieure et inférieure des différents conduits peuvent avantageusement être réalisées en plusieurs tronçons, que l'on assemble au sol, autour du mât, lors de la construction de la tour.Note the lightness and ease of construction of a tower of the type illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 which, after construction of the mast 7 and casting of anchor blocks to the ground with tie rods such as 23 and 24, can be achieved by assembly of the ground then successive ascent to their final position of the various conduits, starting with the upper conduit 6 and continuing with the various conduits in the order in which they are presented from top to bottom of the tower; the balancing of each conduit, that is to say the tensioning of the corresponding shrouds, can advantageously be carried out when this conduit is put in place, taking into account that the different conduits are independent; the upper and lower hoops respectively of the different conduits can advantageously be produced in several sections, which are assembled on the ground, around the mast, during the construction of the tower.

On notera par ailleurs que la hauteur d'une tour ainsi construite peut être quelconque, lé nombre de conduits la constituant étant choisi en rapport compte tenu de ce que la hauteur optimale d'un conduit est de l'ordre de 30 à 50 mètres pour des raisons de facilité de montage au sol, puis de levage, de réparation éventuelle, et compte tenu de la section correspondante des câbles avantageusement utilisés à titre de suspentes et de haubans ce chiffre est toutefois donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif; également à titre d'exemple non limitatif, la tour illustrée aux figures 1 et 2 présente par rapport au sol une hauteur utile de 200 mètres pour une hauteur de mât de 240 mètres, la cerce 2c étant située à une hauteur de 20 mètres, les cerces 2b et 3c à une hauteur de 80 mètres, les cerces 3b et 4c à une hauteur de 110 mètres, les cerces 4b et 5c à une hauteur de 140 mètres, les cerces 5b et 6c à une hauteur de 170 mètres, et la cerce 6b définissant le bord supérieur de la tour à une hauteur de 200 mètres.It should also be noted that the height of a tower thus constructed can be arbitrary, number of conduits constituting it being chosen in relation taking into account that the optimal height of a conduit is of the order of 30 to 50 meters for reasons of ease of mounting on the ground, then of lifting, possible repair, and taking into account the corresponding section of the cables advantageously used as lines and shrouds this figure is however given by way of nonlimiting example; also by way of nonlimiting example, the tower illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a useful height of 200 meters from the ground for a mast height of 240 meters, the hoop 2c being located at a height of 20 meters, the hoops 2b and 3c at a height of 80 meters, hoops 3b and 4c at a height of 110 meters, hoops 4b and 5c at a height of 140 meters, hoops 5b and 6c at a height of 170 meters, and the hoop 6b defining the upper edge of the tower at a height of 200 meters.

Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent une construction mixte selon laquelle plusieurs conduits souples 41 (seulement un conduit 41 a été dessiné), en tous points semblables à l'un des conduits 3 à 6 de l'exemple des figures 1 et 2, sont superposés à titre de réhausse à la partie supérieure d'une tour de réfrigérant 40' de type rigide connu, par exemple en béton armé; naturellement, plusieurs conduits 41 identiques ou différents pourraient être ainsi superposés, afin de réhausser la tour de la hauteur voulue, avec une forme voulue.Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a mixed construction in which several flexible conduits 41 (only one conduit 41 has been drawn), in all points similar to one of the conduits 3 to 6 of the example of Figures 1 and 2, are superimposed as an extension to the upper part of a cooler tower 40 'of known rigid type, for example in reinforced concrete; naturally, several identical or different conduits 41 could thus be superimposed, in order to raise the tower by the desired height, with a desired shape.

Comme dans l'exemple des figures 1 et 2, on pourrait utiliser en vue de la suspension du conduit 41 un mât central, disposé suivant l'axe vertical 43 de la tour 40', mais on a illustré un autre mode de réalisation du mât, lequel pourrait d'ailleurs être également adopté lorsqu'on réalise une tour intégralement à partir de conduits souples comme dans le cas des figures 1 et 2.As in the example in FIGS. 1 and 2, a central mast, arranged along the vertical axis 43 of the tower 40 ′, could be used for the suspension of the duct 41, but another embodiment of the mast has been illustrated. , which could moreover also be adopted when a tower is made entirely from flexible conduits as in the case of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Dans l'exemple des figures 3 à 5, le mât 44 est extérieur à la tour 40', et porte à sa partie supérieure une potence 45 présentant suivant l'axe 43 un organe de suspension 46 analogue aux organes 10 et 11, qui définit un aplomb vertical de suspension coïncidant avec l'axe 43.In the example of FIGS. 3 to 5, the mast 44 is outside the tower 40 ′, and carries at its upper part a bracket 45 having along the axis 43 a suspension member 46 similar to the members 10 and 11, which defines a vertical balance of suspension coinciding with the axis 43.

Avantageusement, le mât 44 repose au sot 46 par une rotule 47, et est maintenu dans la position recherchée par des haubans tels que 48 reliant ses zones hautes à des tirants tels que 49 ancrés dans le sol; on notera qu l'on pourra également prévoir de tels haubans dans le cas d'un mât central tel que le mât 7 de la figure 1.Advantageously, the mast 44 rests on the base 46 by a ball joint 47, and is held in the desired position by guy lines such as 48 connecting its high zones to tie rods such as 49 anchored in the ground; it will be noted that it will also be possible to provide such shrouds in the case of a central mast such as the mast 7 of FIG. 1.

Conformément à l'invention, le conduit 41 présente une paroi souple 42, verticale, d'axe 43, solidaire à sa périphérie supérieure d'une cerce supérieure 50 et à sa périphérie inférieure d'une cerce inférieure 51, ces deux cerces 50 et 51 présentant dans l'exemple illustré la forme identique d'un polygone régulier à 16 côtés, disposé horizontalement et centré sur l'axe 43.According to the invention, the duct 41 has a flexible wall 42, vertical, of axis 43, integral at its upper periphery with an upper hoop 50 and at its lower periphery with a lower hoop 51, these two hoops 50 and 51 presenting in the example illustrated the identical shape of a regular polygon with 16 sides, arranged horizontally and centered on the axis 43.

Des sommets de la cerce 50 diamétralement opposés par rapport à l'axe 43 sont reliés par des suspentes telles que 52 déviées et portées, à mi-distance entre leurs extrémités, par l'organe 46 conçu de façon à autoriser librement leur jeu horizontal tout en les immobilisant verticalement; chaque sommet de la cerce inférieure 51, et de préférence également de la cerce supérieure 50, est par ailleurs relié au sol par un jeu de deux haubans, tels que respectivement 53-54 et 55-56, les deux haubans de chaque jeu étant de préférence situés dans un même plan vertical tangent au cercle exinscrit de la cerce correspondante, et orientés suivant des génératrices d'un hyperboloïde de révolution autour de l'axe 43 dont le cercle exinscrit à la cerce correspondante constitue une section droite.Vertices of the hoop 50 diametrically opposite with respect to the axis 43 are connected by lines such as 52 deflected and carried, halfway between their ends, by the member 46 designed so as to allow their horizontal play freely while by immobilizing them vertically; each top of the lower hoop 51, and preferably also of the upper hoop 50, is moreover connected to the ground by a set of two shrouds, such as respectively 53-54 and 55-56, the two shrouds of each set being of preferably located in the same vertical plane tangent to the exinscribed circle of the corresponding hoop, and oriented along generatrices of a hyperboloid of revolution about the axis 43 whose circle exinscribed to the corresponding hoop constitutes a cross section.

Au niveau du sol, les haubans sont fixés à des tirants tels que 57 et 58, ancrés dans le sol de préférence le long d'une couronne 59 centrée sur l'axe 43.At ground level, the shrouds are fixed to tie rods such as 57 and 58, anchored in the ground preferably along a crown 59 centered on the axis 43.

Dans l'exemple illustré où les haubans 53 et 54 d'une part, 55 et 56 d'autre part, sont reliés à deux sommets superposés verticalement respectivement de la cerce 50 et de la cerce 51, les haubans 53 et 55 sont ancrés au même tirant 57, et les haubans 54 et 56 au même tirant 58.In the example illustrated where the stays 53 and 54 on the one hand, 55 and 56 on the other hand, are connected to two vertically superposed vertices of the hoop 50 and the hoop 51 respectively, the guys 53 and 55 are anchored to the same tie 57, and the shrouds 54 and 56 at the same tie 58.

Le raccordement entre la périphérie inférieure du conduit 41 et la périphérie supérieure 60 de la tour 40' est réalisé de façon à autoriser un libre jeu horizontal de la cerce 51 par rapport à la tour 40' et, à cet effet, on choisit par exemple de donner à la périphérie inférieure du conduit 41 une forme et des dimensions intérieures telles qu'il puisse s'emboîter autour d'une zone de la tour 40' située à proximité immédiate de son couronnement 60, avec un jeu horizontal suffisant; dans l'exemple illustré où la tour 40' présente la forme d'un hyperboloide de révolution autour de l'axe 43, les dimensions de la cerce 51 sont choisies telles que le cylindre inscrit dans la partie inférieure de la paroi 42 présente un diamètre supérieur à celui du couronnement 60 de la tour 40'.The connection between the lower periphery of the duct 41 and the upper periphery 60 of the tower 40 'is made so as to allow free horizontal clearance of the hoop 51 relative to the tower 40' and, for this purpose, for example, to give the lower periphery of the conduit 41 an interior shape and dimensions such that it can fit around an area of the tower 40 'situated in the immediate vicinity of its crowning 60, with sufficient horizontal clearance; in the example illustrated where the tower 40 'has the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution around the axis 43, the dimensions of the hoop 51 are chosen such that the cylinder inscribed in the lower part of the wall 42 has a diameter higher than that of the crowning 60 of the tower 40 '.

On peut avantageusement prévoir un joint d'étanchéité souple, ample, entre le couronnement 60 de la tour et la partie inférieure du conduit 41, ce joint souple et ample étant par exemple reçu au niveau du couronnement 60 de la tour 40' par un anneau rigide scellé sur celui-ci; on notera que cette liaison, qui n'a pas été représentée, est facultative.One can advantageously provide a flexible, ample sealing joint between the crowning 60 of the tower and the lower part of the duct 41, this flexible and ample sealing being for example received at the crowning 60 of the tower 40 'by a ring rigid sealed thereon; it will be noted that this connection, which has not been shown, is optional.

On notera que, bien que l'on puisse utiliser un mât de suspension central dans ce cas comme dans le cas des figures 1 et 2, l'utilisation d'un mât extérieur comme il est illustré permet dans ce cas d'installer la rehausse sans interrompre le fonctionnement de la tour existante 42.It will be noted that, although it is possible to use a central suspension mast in this case as in the case of FIGS. 1 and 2, the use of an external mast as illustrated allows in this case to install the riser without interrupting the operation of the existing tower 42.

Claims (21)

1. Flue or vertical pipe for gas discharge, such as an atmospheric cooling tower, of the type .comprising:
a suspension mast (7; 44) defining a vertical suspension axis (1; 43),
― a plurality of flexible surfaces (2a to 6a; 42), open at the bottom and the top, symmetric with respect to the said axis (1; 43), superimposed vertically,
- rigid hoops, substantially horizontal, on account of an upper hoop (2b to 6b; 50) solid with the upper periphery of each surface (2a to 6a; 42) and la lower hoop (2c to 6c; 51) solid with the lower periphery of this surface (2a to 6a; 42), each hoop being symmetric with respect to the said axis (1; 43),
- flexible support braces (8, 9, 31, 32; 52) suspending each upper hoop (2b to 6b; 50) to the mast (7; 44),
― guys (13, 14, 18, 19, 25, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36; 53, 54, 55, 56) connecting the hoops (2b to 6b, 2c to 6c; 50, 51) with one or more points (16,17, 21, 22) fixed with respect to the ground (12; 46) and situated at a lower level than that of the corresponding hoops,

characterised in that the lower hoop (3c to 6c) of an upper surface (3a to 6a) is next to but independent of the upper hoop (2b to 5b) of an immediately lower surface (2a to 5a), these two hoops (3c to 6c, 2b to 5b) presenting in a horizontal plane neighbouring shapes and dimensions, in that the lower hoops (2c to 6c; 51) are not provided with support braces for suspension from the mast (7; 44), in that two respectively upper (2b to 5b) and lower (3c to 6c) neighbouring hoops are adapted to have a relative clearance, and in that the guys (13, 14, 18,19, 25, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36; 53, 54, 55, 56) connect each lower hoop (2c to 6c; 51) to one or more points (16, 17, 21, 22) fixed with respect to the ground (12; 46) and situated at a lower level than that of its hoop, for stretching each flexible surface (2a to 6a; 42) between the respectively upper (2b to 6b) and lower (2c to 6c) corresponding hoops, independently of the other flexible surfaces (2a to 6a; 42).
2. Flue or pipe according to claim 1, characterised in that a support brace (8, 9, 31, 32; 52) connects two diametrically opposite zones of the corresponding hoop, and is suspended from the mast (7; 44) between these two zones, at the region of the said axis (1; 43), by the intermediary of means (10, 11; 46) guiding it in translation on itself whilst holding it fixed in the vertical sense.
3. Flue or pipe according to either of the preceding claims characterised in that the said fixed points (16, 17, 21, 22) are situated on the ground (12; 46).
4. Flue or pipe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it further comprises guys connecting at least the upper hoop (2b to 6b) of a surface (2a to 6a) to the ground (12; 46).
5. Flue or pipe according to either of claims 3 and 4, characterised in that the guys (13, 14, 18, 19, 25, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36; 53, 54, 55, 56) are arranged in a manner to oppose rotation of the corresponding hoop (2b to 6b, 2c to 6c; 50, 51 ) on itself about the vertical suspension axis (1; 43).
6. Flue or pipe according to claim 5, characterised in that the guys (13, 14, 18, 19, 25, 27,33,34,35,36; 53,54,55,56) connecting a hoop (2b to 6b, 2c to 6c; 50, 51) to the ground are situated in vertical planes tangential to this hoop as concerns its escribed circle, following the straight lines of a virtually vertical hyperboloid of which the hoop concerned, as concerns its escribed circle, would constitute a horizontal cross-section.
7. Flue or pipe according to any of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the guys (13, 14, 18, 19, 25, 27,33,34,35,36; 53, 54, 55, 56) connecting a hoop (2b to 6b, 2c to 6c; 50, 51) to the ground are anchored to the ground (12; 46) by means of blocks arranged along at least one ring (61) centred on the said vertical axis.
8. Flue or pipe according to claim 7, characterised in that tie bars (23, 24; 57, 58) anchored in the ground (12; 46) and associated to the anchoring blocks permit fixing of the guys (13, 14, 18, 19,25,27,33,34,35,36; 53, 54, 55, 56) on the ground (12; 46).
9. Flue or pipe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mast (44) is external to the said surfaces (42), and carries above these a bracket (45) defining the said vertical axis (43) and carrying the support braces (52).
10. Flue or pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in the mast (7) is vertical, arranged on the said vertical axis (1), and carrying directly the said support braces (8, 9, 31, 32).
11. Flue or pipe according to claim 10, characterised in that the guys connect each lower hoop (2c to 6c; 51) to a fixed point on the mast (7), situated at a level below that of this hoop.
12. Flue or pipe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hoops (2b to 6b, 3c to 6c) have identical dimensions in plan.
13. Flue or pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the hoops (2c, 2b to 6b, 3c to 6c) have different dimensions in plan.
14. Flue or pipe according to claim 13, characterised in that the lower surface (2a) of the superposition has a form converging from bottom to top, and in that the lower hoop (2c) of this lower surface (2a) has dimensions in horizontal plan larger than those of its upper hoop (2b).
15. Flue or pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that two of the superimposed surfaces (2a to 6a) are connected, at the region of their respectively neighbouring upper and lower peripheries, by a flexible and ample joint (40) allowing relative displacement of the corresponding hoops (2b to 5b, 3c to 6c).
16. Flue or pipe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises means mechanically connecting two respectively neighbouring upper (2b to 5b) or lower (3c to 6c) hoops for preventing their relative rotation and permitting displacement in their vertical planes including the axis (1).
17. Flue or pipe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is superimposed on a fixed flue or pipe (40').
18. Flue or pipe according to claim 17, characterised in that its lower periphery (51) is mounted with horizontal free play with respect to the capping (60) of the fixed pipe (40').
19. Flue or pipe according to claim 18, characterised in that its lower periphery (51), is connected to the capping (60) of the fixed pipe (40') by a flexible ample joint.
20. Flue or pipe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one surface (2a to 2c, 42) is constituted by a plurality of assembled bands of which each has an edge joined to the upper hoop (2b to 6b; 50) and an edge joined to the lower hoop (2c to 6c; 51).
21. Flue or pipe according to claim 20, characterised in that the assembly of bands and their joints to the hoops (2b to 6b, 2c to 6c; 50, 51) is assured by lacing.
EP81400243A 1980-02-18 1981-02-17 Flue or vertical pipe for gas discharge Expired EP0034541B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003484A FR2476190A1 (en) 1980-02-18 1980-02-18 CHIMNEY OR VERTICAL CONDUIT FOR THE FLOW OF GAS
FR8003484 1980-02-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034541A2 EP0034541A2 (en) 1981-08-26
EP0034541A3 EP0034541A3 (en) 1981-11-04
EP0034541B1 true EP0034541B1 (en) 1984-01-11

Family

ID=9238671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81400243A Expired EP0034541B1 (en) 1980-02-18 1981-02-17 Flue or vertical pipe for gas discharge

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4520600A (en)
EP (1) EP0034541B1 (en)
ES (1) ES8203450A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2476190A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996004443A1 (en) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-15 Daya Ranjit Senanayake Chimney
US8235363B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2012-08-07 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air-cooled heat exchanger with hybrid supporting structure
US8973309B2 (en) * 2011-03-23 2015-03-10 S. Cohen & Co.-Trust Company Ltd. Tower structure
SE536447C2 (en) * 2012-03-27 2013-11-05 Induflex AB Clamping device for stretching a radar cloth
US9334982B2 (en) * 2013-03-08 2016-05-10 Whiting Equipment Canada Inc. Tie rod support apparatus for large pressure vessel piping
US9062470B2 (en) * 2013-06-20 2015-06-23 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Shell extension for natural draft cooling tower
CN105863319A (en) * 2016-05-09 2016-08-17 中国五洲工程设计集团有限公司 Cooling tower of double-layer reticulated shell steel structure

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2142491B2 (en) * 1971-08-25 1975-05-28 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Cooling tower
DE2154967C2 (en) * 1971-11-05 1982-04-01 Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen Cooling tower reinforcement structure - of lightweight construction
FR2178301A5 (en) * 1972-03-27 1973-11-09 Krupp Gmbh
DE2247179C3 (en) * 1972-09-26 1978-01-19 Willi Baur SADDLE AREA SHAPED SHEET FOR TUBULAR STRUCTURES, IN PARTICULAR FOR COOLING TOWERS
US4050214A (en) * 1975-01-16 1977-09-27 Tower Technology, Inc. Method of erecting a tower structure
US3994108A (en) * 1975-01-16 1976-11-30 Tower Technology Inc. Tower structure
DE2749349A1 (en) * 1977-11-04 1979-05-10 Krupp Gmbh COOLING TOWER
DE2824744A1 (en) * 1978-06-06 1979-12-13 Schultz Horst Reinforced concrete cooling tower construction - has single shell suspended from concrete mast with rigging as support
DE2845194A1 (en) * 1978-10-17 1980-04-30 Leonhardt Fritz SADDLE-SHAPED SHEATH FOR TUBULAR CONSTRUCTIONS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2476190B1 (en) 1983-10-21
EP0034541A3 (en) 1981-11-04
ES500416A0 (en) 1982-04-01
ES8203450A1 (en) 1982-04-01
FR2476190A1 (en) 1981-08-21
EP0034541A2 (en) 1981-08-26
US4520600A (en) 1985-06-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR3052142A1 (en) FLOAT WITH REDUCED BALLOON, IN PARTICULAR FOR A FLOATING WIND TURBINE.
EP0034541B1 (en) Flue or vertical pipe for gas discharge
EP3761779B1 (en) Elastic structure and corresponding installation method
FR2861503A1 (en) Tower for support of e.g. telecommunication antenna, has two sets of stays distributed around central shaft, and deployed between node of shaft and ground and on both sides of horizontal units, respectively
EP3049580B1 (en) Method of making a ground anchor
FR2823784A1 (en) Erection and lowering system for lattice mast comprises connecting equipment support mast to lifting mast by several cables which pass through tackle system integral with lifting mast
FR2907826A1 (en) Telecommunication tower, has nodes connected between flanges and rigid horizontal triangulation of successive connection zone on each side of vertical triangulations, where horizontal triangulations connects flanges with each other
FR2472154A1 (en) Cooling tower of flexible material - has material stretched over hoops hoisted onto central mast and located and supported by guys
EP1273069A2 (en) Radio broadcasting device and relay tower therefor
WO2011023884A2 (en) Pylon for producing an engineering structure
FR2872843A1 (en) Longitudinal mast for wind turbine in marine site, involves decomposing mast into lower and upper sections, and assembling sections between them, and with base and nacelle of wind turbine in rigid manner
FR2947292A1 (en) PYLONE MONOPOLE
EP2312091B1 (en) Communication pylon
FR2461792A1 (en) IMPROVEMENTS TO WATER TANKS, IN PARTICULAR TO SWIMMING POOLS
FR2826038A1 (en) Single tube pylon for mobile telephone mast includes two sets of bracing guys in light structure on small ground area
EP1403961B1 (en) Tower for radio broadcasting device
EP0447310A1 (en) Concrete tubular structure, especially for offshore structures
FR2636718A1 (en) Shell-shaped structure and method for manufacturing such a structure
WO2024223881A1 (en) Floating platform, in particular for an offshore wind turbine, having improved stability
EP1031680A1 (en) Articulated paraseismic elastoplastic device for civil engineering construction and bridge with such a device
FR2661706A1 (en) Modular shelter, in particular for travelling use
EP1009895B1 (en) Elementary construction with frame in sections with flexible covering element
WO2025040397A1 (en) Optimized inflatable structure
FR2927375A1 (en) Vertical axis wind turbine i.e. Darrieus wind turbine, has concentric circular cradles arranged between ends of mast and connected by arches that support sail-wings, where assembly of sail-wings and cradles is subsided along mast as desired
FR2467305A2 (en) PLATFORM FOR THE EXPLOITATION OF THERMAL ENERGY OF THE SEAS

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE GB IT

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19811123

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE GB IT

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19940211

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19940309

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19950217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19950228

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE SERVICE NATIONAL

Effective date: 19950228

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19950217