EP0020921B1 - Fire wall - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A fire-resistant wall (5) formed with a passage (1) closable in fire-resistant manner by a fire protection flap and of use more particularly for trunking (2) of ventilation and conditioning facilities, a fire-resistant lid (4) which has a drive (11 to 15) being received at least in a partly recessed manner and mounted for rotation in the passage (1), the lid (4) engaging by way of a sealing edge (22) with the passage periphery when in the closed position, a chamber (7) which is separated from the passage (1) by a cross-wall (8) being provided in the fire-resistant wall (5) laterally of the passage (1), such chamber receiving the drive (11-15) for the lid (4), the cross-wall receiving a bearing bush (17) interconnecting the passage (1) and the chamber (7), characterized in that the cross-wall (8) is made of a refractory substance and the chamber (7) extends at least over the whole thickness of the fire-resistant wall (5) and is covered on the outside - i.e. , in relation to the portions of fire separated from one another by the refractory wall (5) - by releasable covers (20) whose fire resistance is in each case at least half that of the fire-resistant wall (5) or lid (4).

Description

The invention relates to a firewall with a fire-resistant lockable passage opening, in particular for ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems, a fire-resistant flap wing provided with a drive, at least partially recessed, inserted in the passage opening and rotatably mounted, on the circumference of which it is in closed position rests against a sealing edge, and wherein in the firewall to the side of the passage opening there is a chamber separated from the passage opening by a transverse wall, in which the drive for the flap wing is accommodated, a bearing bush connecting the passage opening and the chamber in the transverse wall is let in.

Firewalls with fire dampers of the type mentioned at the outset are known (see, for example, DE-A-2 259 656). In this damper design for the passage of ventilation ducts through firewalls, the damper wing is rotatably mounted in a sheet metal built-in housing that is inserted as a duct piece in the ventilation duct in the area of the firewall, the damper actuator and a manual adjustment device being inserted outside the duct into the firewall from one side are, but partially protrude into one of the two rooms or fire compartments that are separated by the firewall.

With regard to protection against the spread of fire, there are three different types of known fire dampers in ventilation ducts, in which the damper actuator is outside the duct and at least partially outside the firewall in one of the two rooms or fire sections that are separated by the firewall Differentiate cases for which these flaps provide different protection.

Case A

The fire spreads to the front of the flap, i.e. H. on the side facing away from the drive, inside or outside the ventilation duct; in this case, the well-known flap construction offers sufficient protection.

Case B

The fire spreads inside the channel from the back of the flap; since the drive, the z. B. levers, shafts, springs and a pneumatic system with at least one cylinder and a piston or an electrical system that is initially exposed to fire heat indirectly and after destruction of the valve body, the required operational safety is no longer given in the known flaps .

Case C

The fire spreads on the back outside the ventilation duct; the flap does not provide adequate fire protection, since the actuator and the flap housing become inoperable due to heat and direct fire.

The known arrangements therefore have - depending on whether fire protection in the direction from the front of the flap into the room in which the flap rear is located, or vice versa - different levels of fire resistance. For a prescribed minimum fire resistance value that is the same in both directions, special efforts would therefore have to be made to protect the drive on the back of the flap in the previous designs. Such designs are subject to security weaknesses due to their design, require a high level of investment and require a large amount of space.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a fire wall with a fire damper in which the same fire resistance is achieved in both directions without much additional effort, d. H. which - including its drive - is symmetrical to the center of the firewall with regard to its fire resistance or fire protection effect. According to the present invention, this object is achieved in that the transverse wall consists of fire-resistant material and that the chamber extends at least over the entire thickness of the firewall and to the outside, i. H. to the fire sections separated by the firewall, is covered by removable covers, the fire resistance of which is at least half as large as that of the firewall or the flap wing. In this way, the drive is also fully integrated into the firewall and, thanks to the fire-resistant cover, whose fire resistance is advantageously designed for one cover even the same as that of the firewall, is reliably protected against fire from the outside, while the fire-resistant transverse wall encroaches on a fire from the passage opening prevented here.

The new flap arrangement also has other advantages: Its functionality and effectiveness is independent of horizontal or vertical installation; it is simple to manufacture and, apart from the slightly protruding covers, does not require any outside the firewall Space for additional fire-resistant covers for the drive.

Although the transverse wall can be used as a simple web in the firewall - in which case, for example, the one bearing for the flap wing or line feeds for the drive are embedded in the firewall itself - it is advantageous to integrate the transverse wall in a housing-like frame, which as The whole can be inserted into the recess formed by the passage opening and the chamber. This frame can be prefabricated, for example cast as one piece, or assembled from individual, horizontal and vertical partial walls which are screwed or glued to one another.

In this case, thermal bridges perpendicular to the surface of the firewall made of heat-conducting metals can be avoided if the transverse wall and / or the frame consist of two separate metal frames, which are poured with a lightweight concrete with high fire resistance and are therefore connected to each other without thermal bridges. Series production for the vertical walls of the frame can be considerably simplified if the outer walls of the frame parallel to the transverse wall carry identical and aligned bearing bushes with the bearing bush in the transverse wall. The bearing bush in the outer wall on the side of the transverse wall facing away from the drive then serves as a second bearing for the flap wing, while the bearing bush in the other outer wall for the supply of drive and control energies and for the entry of signal lines into the chamber containing the drive is being used.

The heat flow through the flap wing can be significantly inhibited if the flap wing is at least largely free of metal and consists of a fire-resistant frame that is covered on both sides with fire-resistant plates and filled with mineral wool.

In order to be able to compensate to a certain extent for inaccuracies in the geometrical location of the bearing bushes in the firewall, the transverse wall and / or the outer walls and / or inaccuracies in the installation of the transverse wall or the frame in the firewall, it is advantageous if the flap wing is separated from one another by shaft journals the bearing bushes of the transverse wall and an outer wall is mounted on self-aligning slide bearings, the shaft journals also being able to be kept in alignment with one another in the interior of the flap wing by means of an offset piece, to which the shaft journals are displaceable in the axial direction. The replacement of a continuous shaft by two separate shaft journals in turn complicates the heat flow, the intermediate piece taking over the centering of the shaft journals relative to one another, but allowing the shaft journals to move relative to it due to different thermal movements.

A fire-resistant seal of the rotatable flap wing against the fixed walls can be achieved in the area of the shaft of the flap wing in a structurally safe and simple manner by making the shaft of the flap wing in the gap between the flap wing and the outer or transverse wall by a felt connected to the flap wing fire-resistant material is protected, which slides on a fire-resistant cover for the bearing bushes embedded in the walls. In the case of fire dampers which are installed in ventilation ducts, the measure can also be taken in such a way that the flap wing is mounted in the open state between flow-carrying internals in the ventilation duct. The flap wing can be arranged symmetrically to the surfaces of the firewall in the center of the transverse wall or the frame.

In order to ensure that the closed flap wing lies tightly against the sealing edge over the entire circumference, it is advantageous if the seal on the circumference of the passage opening can be set in the direction of the flap wing.

• Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch in einer Ansicht eine Brandmauer nach der Erfindung mit einer eingebauten Brandschutzklappe;
• Fig. 2 und 3 sind die Schnitte 11-11 und 111-111 von Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 gibt den Schnitt IV-IV von Fig. 1 durch die Querwand wieder;
• Fig. 5 stellt den Rahmen für die in Fig. 2 im Schnitt gezeigte Konstruktion eines Klappenflügels dar;
• Fig. 6 zeigt in größerem Maßstab ein Detail aus Fig. 1 und ist ein Schnitt VI-VI von Fig. 7;

^. The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawing.

• Fig. 1 shows schematically in a view a fire wall according to the invention with a built-in fire damper;
• Figures 2 and 3 are sections 11-11 and 111-111 of Figure 1;
• Fig. 4 shows the section IV-IV of Fig. 1 through the transverse wall;
• Fig. 5 shows the frame for the construction of a flap wing shown in section in Fig. 2;
• Fig. 6 shows on a larger scale a detail from Fig. 1 and is a section VI-VI of Fig. 7;

this is finally the section VII-VII of FIG. 6.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fire damper is intended for closing a passage opening 1 of a ventilation duct 2 (FIG. 2), in which flow-conducting internals 3 are provided, between which the flap wing 4 is placed in an open position in a flow-favorable manner. It is arranged in a firewall 5, in which a recess is provided, which is extended relative to the passage opening 1 on three sides - to the right, up and down in FIG. 1 - by the width of a frame 6; on the fourth page, d. H. 1 to the left, the passage opening 1 is delimited by a transverse wall 8, behind which a chamber 7 is provided for receiving the drive for the flap wing 4.

The two lateral boundaries of the recess form vertical outer walls 9; the transverse wall 8 and the outer walls 9 are joined horizontally at the top by a lintel 10a and at the bottom by a ledge 10b to form the frame 6 inserted into the recess, e.g. B. screwed together.

The drive, which is only indicated schematically, consists of a compressed air cylinder 11 suspended in the chamber 7 at the lintel 10a of the frame 6, to which pressure medium is supplied via a line 12. With the flap wing 4, the compressed air cylinder 11 is connected via a piston rod 13 (FIG. 3) which engages with its end on a fork-shaped lever 14 via an axis 18; this in turn is part of a hub 15 which sits on a shaft journal 16 of the flap 4.

In the vertical walls 8 and 9 bearing bushes 17 are inserted in the middle; in the bearing bush 17 of the right outer wall 9 in Fig. 1 and in that of the transverse wall 8, the shaft journals 16 of the flap wing 4 are mounted in a manner to be described in more detail, while the bearing bush 17 in the left outer wall 9 as an entry opening into the chamber 7 for the pressure medium power 12 is used. The supply of the pressure medium line 12 - and likewise of control and signal lines, not shown - to the bearing bush 17 of the left outer wall 9 takes place through a plastic pipe 19 laid in the firewall, as is customary for the guidance of lines to be subsequently pulled into concrete walls.

To the outside, the chamber 7 is covered on both sides by covers 20 which are fastened in the frame 6, for example with the aid of screws 21. The covers 20, which each have at least half - but, as mentioned, advantageously the same - fire resistance as the firewall 5 or the flap wing 4, consist, for example, of shell-shaped sheets which are filled with mineral wool. Of course, with regard to their fire resistance, the covers 20 can also be constructed similarly to the flap 4, the construction of which is described in more detail.

The sealing of the closed flap wing 4 in the circumferential direction brings about seals 22 running in the passage opening 1, which are attached in FIG. 1 on the lower side in front of and on the upper side behind the flap wing 4. Its structure is described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 6 and 7.

The frame 6 inserted into the recess of the firewall 5 is constructed in such a way that thermal bridges in directions perpendicular to the firewall 5 - for example by metal parts passing through in this direction - are avoided as far as possible. The parts of the frame 6, that is to say the walls 8 and 9, and the horizontal elements 10a and 10b are therefore delimited on their narrow sides by metal frameworks 23 (FIG. 4) which are not connected to one another and which are poured with a cast body 24 made of refractory lightweight concrete and via anchors 25 are additionally anchored. Struts 25a leading from the metal frames 23 into the cast body 24 serve to fasten anchor rails 26, as are customary as assembly strips in concrete bodies. The bearing bushes 17 are additionally cast into the walls 8 and 9.

A frame 27 (FIG. 5) made of an asbestos fiber material is provided as the load-bearing element of the flap wing 4; In the frame 27, the shaft journals 16 are fastened by means of band irons 28 screwed to it, with which the flap wing 4 is rotatably mounted in the bearing bushes 17. These shaft journals 16 are centered relative to one another by an angular intermediate piece 29 (FIG. 2) which is slidably connected to the shaft journals 16 by belts 30 wrapping around both parts in such a way that the shaft journals 16 can perform unhindered thermal movements relative to the intermediate piece 29. The shaft journals 16, the band irons 28, the intermediate piece 29 and the bands 30 are the only metal parts of the flap wing 4; apart from the externally guided shaft journals 16, they are arranged inside the frame 27, and therefore largely shielded from heat, the interior of the frame 27 being additionally filled with mineral wool 31 and covered on the outside by asbestos plates 32 (FIG. 2). With this construction of the flap wing 4, thermal bridges are largely avoided in it too, because on the one hand the metal content is very low and on the other hand there are no continuous metal connections perpendicular to its surface.

The shaft journals 16 for the flap wing 4 are supported in the bearing bushes 17 via spherical plain bearings 33 in order, as mentioned, to reduce the influence of inaccuracies in the concrete structure on the storage and functionality of the flap wing 4. The fixed part of the bearing 33 forms a ring 34 which is pressed by a spacer bush 35 against a shoulder in the bearing bush 17; it is concave in the shape of a spherical shell and receives a second ring 36 which sits on the shaft journal 16 and is curved on the outside. The bearing bush 17 shown in FIG. 6, which is seated in the right outer wall 9 of FIG. 1, is closed to the outside of the firewall 5 by a cover disk 37, for example soldered on.

On the other side, ie towards the passage opening 1, the bearing bush 17 is covered by a cover 38 made of fire-resistant material, for example Eternit, which is fastened to the outer wall 9. The cover 38 has at least on its outside facing the flap wing 4 a smooth surface relative to the concrete of the frame 6; this serves as a sliding surface for a felt 39 made of fire-resistant material, for example made of graphite, attached to the flap wing 4. The felt 39, which is inserted in a slightly compressed form between the flap 4 and the cover 38, on the one hand brings about a fire-resistant seal between these parts which are moved relative to one another and protects other the shaft journal 16 before overheating.

As already mentioned, the closed flap wing 4 rests on seals 22 which run in the circumferential direction of the passage opening 1 (FIG. 1). As a sealing element, the seals 22 contain a deformable, elastic cord 40 made of refractory material, for example of a mineral wool based on silicate; this is held by a bracket 41 made of sheet metal along the circumference of the passage opening 1 on the walls of the frame 6. The bracket 41 is stepped because of the greater flexibility against thermal expansion and bent to increase its stability at both ends to form loops.

While one end of the holder 41 presses the cord 40 against the wall 9, the other end is held by clips 42, which are distributed over the circumference of the passage opening 1 in the anchor rails 26. The clips 42 have an elongated hole 43 (FIG. 6) in order to enable the sealing cord 40 to be adjusted relative to or infeed in the direction of the closed flap wing 4. An anchor rail screw 44 protrudes through the elongated hole 43 for fastening the clamps 42 in the anchor rail 26, with which the clamp 42 is clamped on the anchor rail 26 by a washer 45 and a nut 46. As shown in FIG. 6, the free ends of the sealing elements 22 protrude into cutouts of the cover 38, the deformability and the elasticity of the sealing cord 40 being butted against the cover 38 both in the direction of its longitudinal direction, which extends in the circumferential direction of the passage opening 1, and also allow perpendicular to it during assembly; In this way, a secure seal between the free ends of the sealing cord 40, which is not necessarily continuous in a rotary flap, and the flap wing 4 or its shaft is ensured.

Claims (10)

1. A fire-resistant wall (5) formed with a passage (1) closable in fire-resistant manner by a fire protection flap and of use more particularly for trunking (2) of ventilation and conditioning facilities, a fire-resistant lid (4) which has a drive (11 to 15) being received at least in a partly recessed manner and mounted for rotation in the passage (1), the lid (4) engaging by way of a sealing edge (22) with the passage periphery when in the closed position, a chamber (7) which is separated from the passage (1) by a cross-wall (8) being provided in the fire-resistant wall (5) laterally of the passage (1), such chamber receiving the drive (11-15) for the lid (4), the cross-wall receiving a bearing bush (17) interconnecting the passage (1) and the chamber (7), characterized in that the cross-wall (8) is made of a refractory substance and the chamber (7) extends at least over the whole thickness of the fire-resistant wall (5) and is covered on the outside - i. e., in relation to the portions of fire separated from one another by the refractory wall (5) - by releasable covers (20) whose fire resistance is in each case at least half that of the fire-resistant wall (5) or lid (4).

2. A fire-resistant wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-wall (8) is integral with a casing-like frame (6) introducible as a whole into the recess bounded by the passage (1) and chamber (7).

3. A fire-resistant wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross-wall (8) and/or the frame (6) are/is embodied by two separate metal frames (23) which are potted in a high-refractory lightweight concrete (24) and thus interconnected without the presence of heat bridges.

4. A wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid (4) is at least substantially free from metal and is embodied by a fire-resistant frame (27) covered on both sides with fire-resistant panels (32) and filled with mineral wool (31).

5. A wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid (4) is mounted by way of separate journals (16) in bearing bushes (17) of the cross-wall (8) and of an outside wall (9) by way of self-aligning plain bearings (33).

6. A wall according to claim 5, characterized in that the journals (16) are retained in registration with one another inside the lid (4) by way of an intermediate element (29) which is offset from the lid (4) and in relation to which the journals (16) are movable axially.

7. A wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of the lid (4) is protected in the gap between the same and the outside wall (9) or cross-wall (8) by a fire-resistant felt (39) which is connected to the lid (4) and which slides on a fire-resistant covering (38) for the bearing bushes (17) in the walls (8, 9).

8. A wall according to claim 1 for ventilation trunking, characterized in that the lid (4) is mounted when open between flow-guiding elements (3) in the ventilation trunk (2).

9. A wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lid (4) is disposed at the centre of the cross-wall (8) or frame (6) symmetrically of the surfaces of the wall (5).

10. A wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal (22) on the periphery of the passage (1) can be fed towards the lid (4).

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