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EP0019488B1 - Kippventil und Atemgerät, in welchem es verwendet wird - Google Patents

Kippventil und Atemgerät, in welchem es verwendet wird Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0019488B1
EP0019488B1 EP19800301657 EP80301657A EP0019488B1 EP 0019488 B1 EP0019488 B1 EP 0019488B1 EP 19800301657 EP19800301657 EP 19800301657 EP 80301657 A EP80301657 A EP 80301657A EP 0019488 B1 EP0019488 B1 EP 0019488B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
chamber
head
port
valve head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800301657
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0019488A1 (de
Inventor
Leonard John Feathers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chubb Panorama Ltd
Original Assignee
Chubb Panorama Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chubb Panorama Ltd filed Critical Chubb Panorama Ltd
Publication of EP0019488A1 publication Critical patent/EP0019488A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0019488B1 publication Critical patent/EP0019488B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A62B9/022—Breathing demand regulators
    • A62B9/025—Breathing demand regulators with tilting opening action
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/18—Air supply
    • B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
    • B63C11/2227—Second-stage regulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/18—Air supply
    • B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
    • B63C2011/2254—Air supply carried by diver comprising means for prevention of ice formation, e.g. means for heating breathing gas in first or second stage regulators

Definitions

  • tilt valve a valve of the kind in which there is a chamber having an inlet port and an outlet port, a valve head within the chamber adapted to seat over one of the ports to close that port to fluid flow, and a stem extending from the valve head whereby tilting of the stem tilts the head away from its seating so as to open the valved port to fluid flow.
  • Tilt valves can be utilized in breathing apparatus as disclosed for example in United Kingdom patent specifications 775314 and 969280, United States patent specification 3357447 and German patent specifications 1131998, 1139387 and 1185065, for regulating the supply of breathing gas to a user in accordance with his breathing demands.
  • the valve is used in conjunction with a flexible diaphragm that responds to inhalation by the person using the apparatus to tilt the stem of the valve transitorily and thereby allow enough breathing gas to be supplied via the valve to satisfy the breathing need.
  • valve head In each of the tilt valves disclosed in United Kingdom patent specifications 775314 and 969280, United States patent specification 3357447 and German patent specifications 1139387 and 1185065 the valve head is located to seat over the outlet port of a chamber provided in a hollow spigot which provides, at its inlet end, a union for connection to the supply of breathing gas.
  • the spigot opens at its outlet end into a casing that contains the diaphragm, and the stem of the valve extends from the head through the outlet port (with clearance) to respond to deflection of the diaphragm upon each inhalation.
  • German patent specification 1131998 is generally similar except that in this case the valve head is spring-urged within the chamber so as to seat over the inlet port rather than over the outlet port.
  • valve head is provided on the inside of a hollow conical shroud which fits over the end of an inlet pipe connected to a supply of breathing gas; the usual flexible diaphragm is provided adjacent to the rim of the shroud and tilts the shroud and valve head on the end of the inlet pipe in response to inhalation by the person using the apparatus.
  • Tilt valves such as those discussed above operate in general quite successfully, but have certain practical disadvantages.
  • a tilt valve such as disclosed in United Kingdom patent specification 775314 the valve head is free for a small degree of lateral movement across the width of the valve chamber; such freedom is inherent in the necessity to maintain a gap of a sufficient size between the periphery of the valve head and the surrounding wall of the chamber to pass gas through the chamber from its inlet port to its outlet port at the required rate when the valve is opened.
  • a fixed and consistent seating of the head over the valve port cannot be assured and multiple ringing (grooving) of the face of the head - caused by the different impressions of the seating made in the face under different lateral positionings of the head over the port - is likely to occur.
  • United Kingdom patent specifications 949222 teaches the use of a valve spring arranged to exert a centering action on the valve head and to press the head against its seating in the same lateral position after each tilting of the head.
  • a spring can provide only a resilient restraint and, being necessarily normally light in its action (particularly in the case where the valve is incorporated in a demand regulator for breathing apparatus), cannot in general overcome the problem entirely satisfactorily.
  • the provision of a spring is desirably to be avoided in the interests of simplicity.
  • the invention resides in a valve comprising a chamber having an inlet port and outlet port; a valve head within the chamber adapted to seat over one of the ports to close that port to fluid flow the valve head being closely surrounded at its periphery by the wall of the chamber so as to maintain a consistent seated position of the head over said one port; and a stem extending from the valve head whereby tilting of the stem tilts the head away from its seating so as to open said one port to fluid flow; characterised in that the other of the ports opens to the chamber at a location to the same side of the valve head as said one port, so that when the stem is tilted fluid can flow through the chamber from the inlet port to the outlet port without passing around the periphery of the head.
  • the head of the valve can be as close a fit within the chamber as desired, consistent with its tilting motion, to ensure that lateral movement of the head with the chamber is positively limited so as to maintain it in a substantially consistent seating over the valve port.
  • the problem of multiple ringing of the head thereby can be avoided and at the same time the avoidance of a flow path which involves passage around the periphery of the head can lead to an improvement in the flow characteristics of the valve in comparison with the prior art forms of tilt valve which approach the problem of multiple ringing by providing a notched head within a chamber with the inlet and outlet ports on opposite sides thereof.
  • valve head is adapted to seat over the outlet port of the chamber.
  • This form has the advantage that if the fluid pressure which is applied to the inlet port of the chamber is transmitted to a space within the chamber to the opposite side of the valve head to the location of the ports such pressure can maintain the head upon its seating when the valve is closed, without the use of a valve spring.
  • Such pressure transmission can be achieved by providing only a small gap between the periphery of the head and the surrounding wall of the chamber - this gap being much smaller than that which would be required to pass the full flow of fluid through the valve and permitting no substantial lateral movement of the head.
  • a valve as defined above may be constructed with a housing having a cylindrical bore closed at one end, an insert located in the bore and having a frusto-conical projection directed axially towards said closed end, the aforesaid chamber being defined within the bore of the housing between said insert and closed end, the insert having an axial bore opening through the apex of its said projection to define said outlet port over which the valve head is adapted to seat, and the inlet port opening through the wall of said cylindrical bore at a location between the base and apex of said projection.
  • valve head prefferably be arranged to seat over the inlet port rather than over the outlet port of the chamber, in such case a valve spring being required to maintain the head upon its seating when the valve is closed.
  • the tilt valve of the invention is especially useful as part of a demand regulator for breathing apparatus and in a second aspect the invention resides in such a regulator comprising a valve according to the first-defined aspect of the invention of which the outlet port leads to a second chamber for communication with a face mask, mouthpiece or other breathing interface means; and comprising means responsive to the difference between the pressure within the second chamber and the ambient pressure, said pressure-responsive means being adapted to react, in use, to inhalation by the user of the apparatus to tilt the stem of the valve and thereby permit the flow of breathing gas through the valve to the user.
  • the invention also resides, in a third aspect, in breathing apparatus comprising a source of pressurised breathing gas, a demand regulator according to the second-defined aspect of the invention of which the inlet port is communicable with said gas source, and breathing interface means for communication with said second chamber of the demand regulator.
  • the demand regulator illustrated therein has a plastics casing 1 that is of cup shape and opens at its base into a standard tubular connector 2 for coupling the device into the mask of a breathing apparatus.
  • a diaphragm 3 of synthetic rubber extends across the mouth of the cup-shape casing 1 and is sandwiched around its peripheral margin between the rim of the casing 1 and the rim of a plastics cover 4.
  • An encircling clamping ring 5 urges the cover 4 onto the casing 1 so as to establish and maintain a peripheral gas-seal between the diaphragm 3 and the casing 1.
  • the cover 4 is perforated, having in particular a large central aperture 6, so that the diaphragm 3 is exposed within the cover 4 to ambient atmospheric pressure. Reduction of pressure within the casing 1 accompanying each inhalation by the mask wearer during breathing, will accordingly deflect the diaphragm 3 inwardly of the casing 1.
  • Deflection of the diaphragm 3 inwardly of the casing 1 acts via a tilt valve 7 to regulate admission of breathing gas to the case 1 and thence through the connector 2 into the mask.
  • the gas normally an air-oxygen mixture
  • the spigot 8 extends sideways from a cylindrical metal housing 9 of the tilt valve 7 that is coupled into the wall of the casing 1 via a rotatable gas-tight joint 10.
  • the spigot 8 opens within the housing 9 through an inlet port 11 into a cylindrical bore 12 that is closed at its end remote from the casing 1 by a screw plug 13.
  • a metal insert 14, which is a gas-tight push-fit in the opposite end of the bore 12, has a hollow frusto-conical projection 15 that projects past the port 11 in the bore 12 to provide a seating for the head 16 of the tilt valve 7.
  • the head 16 seats on the top rim of the projection 15 over the opening 17 of a frusto-conical bore 18 that extends through the insert 14.
  • the progressively-widening outlet passageway provided from the outlet opening 17 by the bore 18 is continued from the bottom of the bore 12 in a frusto-conical bore 19 of the housing 9 that opens into the casing 1.
  • a metal stem 20 of the valve head 16 extends from the head 16 through the opening 17 and into the casing 1 to lie adjacent to the central region of the diaphragm 3.
  • the pressure of gas supplied via the inlet port 11 to the closed valve chamber in the bore 12 urges the head 16 firmly onto its seating to block the outlet opening 17 while there is no deflection of the diaphragm 3.
  • each deflection of the diaphragm 3 inwardly of the casing 1 in response to inhalation within the mask tilts the stem 20. This tilts the head 16 away from the rim of the projection 15 allowing passage of gas from the valve-chamber through the outlet opening 17 into the casing 1 to meet the breathing needs of the mask wearer.
  • the head 16 of the tilt valve 7 is a close fit within the bore 12 and has rounded edges 21 to enable it to be tilted easily against the wall of the bore in regulating flow through the outlet opening 17.
  • the inlet port 11 is located to the same side of the head 16 as the opening 17 so gas admitted into the valve chamber provided by the bore 12 is not required to pass between the periphery of the head 16 and the surrounding wall of the valve chamber in order to reach the outlet opening 17.
  • the head 16 can therefore be as close a fit in the bore 12 as desirable to ensure that it remains with the same seating throughout operation it being required to provide a clearance between these components sufficient only to permit the transmission of the inlet gas pressure to the closed space 22 on the opposite side of the head 16 (rather than admitting the full flow of gas which passes through the valve), to keep the valve head seated when the diaphragm 3 is undeflected.
  • the head 16 is preferably a moulding of poly- tetrafluorethylene (but may be of nylon) to provide for self-lubricating, and therefore low- friction, rubbing on the wall of the bore 12 and also reduction in the likelihood of sticking of the valve under conditions of icing; the stem 20 of the valve may in these circumstances be simply a metal rod forced into the head-moulding and retained frictionally.
  • the demand regulator described may be coupled to a high-pressure gas bottle without the necessity for an intermediate (first stage) pressure-reducing valve upstream of the regulator.
  • the divergent outlet passageway defined by the aligned frusto-conical bores 18 and 19 provides for a gradual expansion of the gas as it enters into the casing 1.
  • the central aperture 6 in the cover 4 is large enough to enable the mask wearer to insert a finger and push the diaphragm 3 inwardly for the purpose of opening the tilt valve 7 by way of testing or admission of extra volume of gas.
  • the regulator illustrated therein is designed particularly for use with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus and comprises a casing 31 having a lateral limb 32 to which is coupled a tilt valve 33 of identical construction to the valve 7 described above in relation to Figures 1 and 2. Description of the tilt valve will accordingly not be repeated in this respect.
  • the central limb 34 of the casing 31 is coupled to a moulded mouthpiece 35 through which breathing gas passed from the tilt valve can be supplied to a diver and through which exhaled gas can be received back from the diver.
  • the diaphragm 36 in this case is laterally offset from the centre-line of the casing and is sandwiched around its peripheral margin between the casing and a perforate cover 37.
  • the diaphragm responds to the difference between the ambient water pressure within cover 37 and the gas pressure within casing 31 when the diver inhales, by deflecting and tilting the stem 38 and head 39 of the valve 33 to supply breathing gas in accordance with the needs of the diver, in the same manner as described above in relation to Figures 1 and 2.
  • the diaphragm also incorporates an exhalation valve comprising a perforate plate 40 and an elastomeric flap 41 secured centrally together by a fastener 42, which opens to vent exhaled gas to the surrounding environment when the pressure produced within the casing 31 upon exhalation exceeds the ambient pressure by a predetermined value.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Ventil, bestehend aus einer Kammer (12), die eine Einlaßöffnung (11) und eine Auslaßöffnung (17) aufweist; einem Ventilkopf (16, 39) innerhalb der Kammer, der dazu angepasst ist, über einer der Öffnungen (17) zu sitzen, um diese Öffnung gegen einen Fluiddurchfluß zu schließen, wobei der Ventilkopf an seiner Peripherie eng umgeben wird durch die Wand der Kammer, um eine feste Sitzlage des Kopfes über dieser Öffnung zu erhalten; und einer Stange (20, 38), die sich vom Ventilkopf erstreckt, wobei ein Neigen der Stange den Kopf weg von seinem Sitz neigt, um diese eine Öffnung einen Fluiddurchfluß zu öffnen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die andere der Öffnungen (11) zur Kammer (12) hin an einer Stelle an der gleichen Seite des Ventilkopfes (16, 39) wie diese eine Öffnung (17) öffnet, so daß, wenn die Stange (20, 38) geneigt wird, Fluid von der Einlaßöffnung (11) durch die Kammer zur Auslaßöffnung (17) zu strömen vermag, ohne die Peripherie des Kopfes zu passieren.
2. Ventil nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Ventilkopf (16, 39) dazu angepasst ist, über der Auslaßöffnung (17) der Kammer (12) zu sitzen.
3. Ventil nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Stange (20, 38) vom Ventilkopf (16, 39) durch diese Auslaßöffnung (17) mit Spielraum sich erstreckt.
4. Ventil nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei im Gebrauch ein an dieser Einlaßöffnung (11) anliegender Fluiddruck an einen Raum (22) innerhalb der Kammer (12) an der dem Ventilkopf (16, 39) gegenüberliegenden Seite übermittelt werden kann, um hierbei den Ventilkopf auf seinem Sitz zu halten.
5. Ventil nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, bestehend aus einem Gehäuse (9) mit einer zylindrischen Bohrung (12) welche an einem Ende (13) verschlossen ist, einem in der Bohrung angeordneten Einsatz (14) mit einem axial in Richtung dieses geschlossenen Endes weisenden stumpfkeglichen Vorsprungs (15) wobei die vorgenannte Kammer innerhalb der Bohrung des Gehäuses definiert wird zwischen diesem Einsatz und dem verschlossenen Ende, wobei der Einsatz eine axiale Bohrung (18) aufweist, die durch seine Spitze hindurch offen ist, jener Vorsprung diese Auslaßöffnung (17) bildet, über welcher der Ventilkopf (16, 39)'angepasst ist, zu sitzen, und die Einlaßöffnung (11) durch die Wand dieser zylindrischen Bohrung
(12) sich an einer Stelle zwischen der Basis und der Spitze dieses Vorsprungs öffnet.
6. Ventil nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Ventilkopf angepasst ist, über der Einlaßöffnung der Kammer zu sitzen, und umfassend Federmittel, um den Ventilkopf auf seinem Sitz zu halten.
7. Bedarfsregulator für Atemgeräte, welcher umfasst ein Ventil (7, 33), eine Kammer (1, 31) zur Verbindung mit einem Ateminterfacemittel (35), Mitteln (3, 36), welche auf die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Druck innerhalb dieser Kammer und Umgebungsdruck ansprechen, wobei diese auf Druck ansprechenden Mittel (3, 36) angepasst sind, um in Gebrauch auf Inhalationen des Benutzers der Geräts zu reagieren, um die Stange (30, 38) des Ventils (7, 33) zu neigen und hierbei einen Durchfluß von Atemgas durch das Ventil zu dem Benutzer zu ermöglichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventil (7, 33) übereinstimmt mit einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6.
8. Bedarfsregulator nach Anspruch 7, weiterhin umfassend ein Ausatemventil (40, 41), das dazu angepasst ist, einen Gasdurchfluß von dieser Kammer (1, 31) zur Umgebung zu ermöglichen, wenn der Druck innerhalb der Kammer (1, 31) den Umgebungsdruck um einen bestimmten Wert übersteigt.
9. Atemgerät, umfassend eine Quelle von unter Druck stehendem Atemgas, einem Bedarfsregulator, der eine mit der Gasquelle verbindbare Einlaßöffnung (11) aufweist, und einem Ateminterfacemittel (35) welches mit der Kammer (1, 31) des Bedarfsregulators verbindbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bedarfsregulator mit Anspruch 7 oder Anspruch 8 übereinstimmt.
EP19800301657 1979-05-21 1980-05-20 Kippventil und Atemgerät, in welchem es verwendet wird Expired EP0019488B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7917667 1979-05-21
GB7917667 1979-05-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0019488A1 EP0019488A1 (de) 1980-11-26
EP0019488B1 true EP0019488B1 (de) 1983-12-07

Family

ID=10505318

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800301657 Expired EP0019488B1 (de) 1979-05-21 1980-05-20 Kippventil und Atemgerät, in welchem es verwendet wird

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0019488B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1147630A (de)
DE (1) DE3065813D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8103329A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2051313B (de)
PT (1) PT71254A (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2132489B (en) * 1982-11-19 1986-03-19 Donald Rodocker Underwater breathing apparatus
GB2178964B (en) * 1985-08-08 1989-02-01 Sabre Safety Ltd Positive pressure demand valves
DE29610295U1 (de) * 1996-06-12 1996-08-22 Aratowerk Walter von Taschitzki GmbH & Co KG, 51107 Köln Dosiereinrichtung für Viehtränken
US5690100A (en) * 1996-08-23 1997-11-25 Johnson Worldwide Assoc., Inc. Scuba diving breathing regulator
ITFI20030071U1 (it) 2003-07-25 2005-01-26 Cressi Sub Spa Dispositivo di chiusura di una valvola secondaria per sommozzatore

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE955568C (de) * 1952-11-13 1957-01-03 Auergesellschaft Ag Sauerstoffzufuehrungsventil fuer Atem- und Atemschutzgeraete
CH320592A (de) * 1952-11-13 1957-03-31 Auergesellschaft Ag Atem- und Atemschutzgerät
US2854972A (en) * 1955-10-17 1958-10-07 Firewel Dev Company Demand valve
DE1172500B (de) * 1959-06-09 1964-06-18 Jean Dunz Kippventil
GB949222A (en) * 1960-08-10 1964-02-12 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improved tilt valve
FR1402101A (fr) * 1964-04-29 1965-06-11 Spirotechnique Détendeur à la demande, dans lequel la membrane fait basculer le clapet
FR1565483A (de) * 1968-02-08 1969-05-02

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2051313A (en) 1981-01-14
DE3065813D1 (en) 1984-01-12
ES491628A0 (es) 1981-02-16
ES8103329A1 (es) 1981-02-16
EP0019488A1 (de) 1980-11-26
GB2051313B (en) 1983-03-09
CA1147630A (en) 1983-06-07
PT71254A (en) 1980-06-01

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