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EP0019022B1 - Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe - Google Patents

Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0019022B1
EP0019022B1 EP19790300864 EP79300864A EP0019022B1 EP 0019022 B1 EP0019022 B1 EP 0019022B1 EP 19790300864 EP19790300864 EP 19790300864 EP 79300864 A EP79300864 A EP 79300864A EP 0019022 B1 EP0019022 B1 EP 0019022B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame tube
air
burner
fuel
flame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790300864
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0019022A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Storey Babington
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP19790300864 priority Critical patent/EP0019022B1/de
Publication of EP0019022A1 publication Critical patent/EP0019022A1/de
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Publication of EP0019022B1 publication Critical patent/EP0019022B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid fuel burners.
  • the conventional oil burner may be 2-3 times larger than is necessary to provide adequate space heating. This is the case when the same burner is required to provide heat for hot water in addition to heat for home comfort.
  • a high pressure burner in this type of system must be able to satisfy both requirements.
  • This maximum heat load is what normally determines the firing rate of the burner.
  • the burner will still operate at the same firing rate as it does when heating and hot water demands are high. The only difference is that when the heating requirements are low, the burner will stay on for a very short period of time. As is well known, this mode of operation is very inefficient.
  • the principle involved in the aforementioned patents is that of preparing a liquid for spraying by causing it to spread out in a thin film over the exterior surface of a hollow plenum chamber which contains at least one orifice.
  • gas When gas is introduced into the interior of the plenum, it escapes through the aperture and thereby creates a very uniform spray of small liquid particles.
  • the quantity and quality of the resultant spray can be optimized to suit the particular burner application.
  • the burner is so simple that it might even be called a fuel atomizing subsystem for a burner rather than a complete burner. Indeed, from this very simple burner or subassembly evolved the more sophisticated and complete burner described in the present invention.
  • the burner is comprised of a simple atomizing chamber having a cover thereover, the cover being provided with a spray discharge port to discharge the atomized fuel in a generally vertical direction. Disposed within the atomizing chamber is a hollow plenum type atomizer that is in communication with an outside source of pressurized air. Liquid is introduced into the atomizing chamber so as to flow over the exterior surface of the atomizing plenum.
  • the atomizing plenum is provided with a small aperture centrally located beneath the opening in the cover, and the air exiting therefrom creates a fine mist which is discharged upwardly and out of the atomizing chamber for combustion external to the system.
  • Means comprising a series of regulatable apertures are also provided in the atomizing chamber such that aspirated air can be drawn into said chamber or burner and mingled with the spray as it discharges from the opening in the top cover.
  • One object of the invention is to produce a burner that performs with high efficiency regardless of the combustion chamber that it is placed into and therefore ideally suited as a retrofit or replacement burner for existing furnaces.
  • a further object of this invention is to produce an oil burner wherein combustion is essentially completed within the flame tube of the burner.
  • Still another object of this invention is to produce an oil burner where combustion air is supplied to control the burning rate and temperature and hence objectionably high nitrous oxide emissions.
  • the burner of this invention comprises a plurality of atomisers for discharging atomised fuel into a flame tube for substantially complete combustion in the tube per se.
  • the present invention provides an atomising chamber separated from the flame tube by a dividing wall having openings through which are directed the streams of fuel.
  • thorough mixing of the fuel and air must take place within the tube.
  • One either pressurises the atomizing chamber so that a mixture of atomized fuel, low velocity air, and air under pressure passes through the openings in the dividing wall, and/or one provides air introduction means in the flame tube downstream of its inlet end to introduce air into the flame tube with a tangential component to produce in the flame tube a single tangential vortex.
  • Figs. 1A and 1 B it will be noted that in the prior art the atomizing nozzles are located at the end of the blast tube. Consequently, the nozzle is subjected to high temperatures, and as such is subject to varnish depositions and clogging.
  • the atomizing plenums are located well upstream from the end of the blast tube and as such are sheltered from the radiant and convective heat of the firebox and the associated problems of fuel cracking and varnishing.
  • the improved fuel burning assembly comprises a blast tube 1 which is essentially an elongated open-ended pipe. Disposed within blast tube 1 is flame tube 3 which is maintained concentric with respect to the blast tube so as to define an annular air passage therebetween. Flame tube 3 is maintained concentric to blast tube 1 by positioning its one end against a circumferential shoulder 67 which can include set pins or screws (not shown) and at its other end by ring 7. Other means can be used to maintain the flame tube concentrically within the blast tube 1.
  • the flame tube 3 is open at both ends; one end 9 thereof, which may be termed the hot end, faces toward the interior of the firebox of the furnace or the like.
  • the other end which may be called the cool end, is attached to atomizing chamber 52 by means of a slip fit over the aforementioned shoulder 67. Further upstream of atomizing chamber 52 and not shown, provisions may also be made to house the auxiliary burner equipment such as the drive motor, air atomizing compressor, combustion air blower, fuel recirculation system and the electronic burner controls, if desired.
  • auxiliary burner equipment such as the drive motor, air atomizing compressor, combustion air blower, fuel recirculation system and the electronic burner controls, if desired.
  • the open end 9 of the flame tube 3 is provided with a pair of cutouts 13, 13', the function of which will become apparent subsequently.
  • the flame tube is provided with a further pair of apertures 12, 12' located approximately midway of its length. These apertures (12, 12') are disposed at 90° relative to the cutouts 13, 13', but flame tube 3 may be rotated 90° to alter the flame pattern leaving the burner.
  • the flame tube of Fig. 2 is provided with a plurality of centrifugal swirl shutters or louvers 50.
  • One convenient configuration employs 4 louvers, each being spaced about one-quarter of the circumference of the flame tube from the adjacent louvers.
  • Other configurations and amounts of louvers can be employed if desired.
  • the louvers are placed upstream from the apertures 12, 12' and preferably axially about midway between apertures 12, 12' and fire wall 57.
  • the louvers provide for a curtain of swirling air along the flame tube wall. The swirling is confined as will be discussed hereinbelow in view of the interrelationship of the louvers with the apertures 12, 12' and the cutouts 13, 13'.
  • Tyically the apertures 50, 12, 12', 13 and 13' are about 0.2-0.4 square inch in cross-sectional area for a typical burner with a variable firing rate of from about .75 to about 2.3 liters/hr.
  • the cylindrical flame tube 3 is provided at its opposite end 11 with a pair of spray discharge horns 17 and 17', communicating with a common atomizing chamber 52. Certain burner operating conditions do not require the use of spray discharge horns 17 and 17' and in such cases, a simple opening in said atomizing chamber 52 would be provided instead.
  • discharge horn 17' may be a simple cylindrical section or even a truncated cone diverging outwardly towards the flame tube.
  • the size and shape of spray discharge horn 17 will depend upon the aerodynamic conditions surrounding atomizing chamber 52, as dictated by the upstream blower pressure and the downstream static and dynamic pressure within the flame tube.
  • the spray discharge horns are designed to control the size of the liquid fuel spray particles and/or to prevent the flame within the flame tube from propagating upstream into the atomizing chamber.
  • the upstream flame propagation may be prevented, and the liquid particle size optimized, without the need for spray discharge horn 17'.
  • This is done by controlling the conditions within atomizing chamber 52 and involves the interrelationship of variables such as the size and shape of atomizer 26'; the size and shape of discharge orifice 29'; the pressure supplied to the interior of atomizer 26' via tube 27'; the internal diameter of feed tube 23'; the spacing and relative fore and aft positioning of atomizer 26' with respect to lower end 36' of feed tube 23'; the spacing between discharge orifice 29' and the forward face 51 of atomizing chamber 52; the quantity of fuel supplied through feed tube 23'; the size of blower inlet ports 33', and the velocity and quantity of air entering atomizing chamber 52 through blower inlet ports 33'.
  • the spray discharge horns 17 and 17' are simply removed with the result that the spray particles emanating from
  • a typical atomizer is a sphere or bullet shape between about 1/6 to about 25 nim. outside diameter.
  • the cross-sectional area of the discharge orifice 29' typically is about .065 mm 2 to about 0.2 mm 2 .
  • the pressure supplied to the interior of atomizer 26' via tube 27' is typically about 140 grams/cm 2 to about 1400 grams/cm 2 .
  • the spacing between discharge orifice 29' and the forward face 51 of atomizing chamber 52 can be from 0 to about 25 mm. '
  • the spacing between lower end 36' of liquid feed tube 23' and the uppermost surface of atomizer 26' is typically about 3 mm.
  • blower inlet ports 33' are about 3-9 mm. diameter.
  • Typical internal diameters of feed tube 23' are about 1.6 mm. to about 6.5 mm.
  • the length of spray discharge horn 17' when present can be up to about 38 mm. and have an exit diameter between about 9 mm. and 25 mm.
  • Spray discharge horns 17 and 17' are supported upon a solid wall 51 which is shown as being generally straight and transverse to the flame tube. Also supported upon the solid wall 51 is an air blast tube 53 located within and concentric with the central axis of the atomizing chamber 52. The air blast tube 53 passes through and is also supported by the back wall 54 of atomizing chamber 52. The rear wall 54 of the atomizing chamber 52 is provided with an aperture 61' to admit air into the air blast tube 53.
  • the air blast tube 53 can include a pair of apertures 56, 56' (e.g.-typically having a diameter between about 3-12 mm.) leading to the atomizing chamber 52. These apertures provide for a portion of the blower air entering the central air blast tube to be entrained into the atomizing chamber 52 where it commingles with the fuel spray and is discharged into the flame tube through spray discharge horns 17 and 17'.
  • apertures 56, 56' e.g.-typically having a diameter between about 3-12 mm.
  • blower air inlet ports 66 and 66' of similar or smaller cross-sectional area to 56, 56' may be provided in wall 54. Consequently, by sizing blower air inlet ports 66 and 66' in conjunction with apertures 56 and 56', chamber 52 may be operated at any desired pressure.
  • the forward wall 51 of atomizing chamber 52 is provided with a relatively large central aperture 55 passing through the wall 51. This aperture 55 is the same size as the inside diameter of air blast tube 52 which is about 6 mm. to about 38 mm.
  • a foraminous or perforated fire wall 57 Spaced slightly downstream such as about 3 mm. to about 12 mm. from the forward wall 51 of the atomizing chamber and parallel thereto, is a foraminous or perforated fire wall 57 which is shown as being generally planar and containing apertures therein.
  • the perforated fire wall 57 is provided with a relatively large central aperture 59 passing through the wall 57.
  • the large central opening 59 in the perforated fire wall 57 is preferably smaller than the inside diameter of the central blast tube and hence the opening 55 in wall 51.
  • Electrodes 19 and 21 Projecting through rear wall 54 and front wall 51 of the atomizing chamber and further extending into the flame tube through a pair of openings in fire wall 57 is a pair of electrodes 19 and 21. Said electrodes are encased in porcelain jackets 68 and 69 to shield said electrodes from fuel spray as they pass through atomizing chamber 52. The spark gap 70 between electrodes 19 and 21 is located within the flame tube and on the outer periphery of the spray plume issuing from atomizer 26.
  • the chamber 52 may be provided with discharge cones 17 -and 17' which discharge atomized fuel inwardly into the flame tube 3.
  • Both of the hollow atomizing plenum chambers 26, 26' have a smooth outer surface and are disposed within the same atomizing chamber 52.
  • Plenum 26' is supported on the rear wall 54 of chamber 52 and plenum 26 is interconnected via conduit 27' from plenum 26'.
  • Use of a common chamber assures that the static pressure surrounding atomizing plenum 26 is essentially the same as that surrounding plenum 26'.
  • Plenums 26 and 26' are supplied with air under pressure through conduits 27 and 27' respectively. As shown in Fig. 2, the air is supplied to conduits 27 and 27' from the same source via conduits 60 and 61 respectively. Of course, separate sources of air can be employed if desired.
  • Each atomizing plenum 26 and 26' is provided with at least one small aperture 29 and 29' which is located so as to discharge air and fuel spray directly toward its associated discharge horn 17 and 17'. There need only be one common drain located at the low point in atomizing chamber 52.
  • a pair of fuel supply conduits 23 and 23' are preferably connected to a source of liquid fuel by means of a pump, whereby the fuel may be pumped through these conduits and deposited on the convex surfaces of atomizing plenums 26 and 26' respectively.
  • a single drain conduit (not shown in Fig. 2) is connected to the fuel supply system so that liquid which is not atomized within common atomizing chamber 52 can be returned to the fuel system not shown and recirculated back to fuel supply conduits 23 and 23'.
  • the operation of the fuel atomizing and combustion system is as follows.
  • Liquid fuel is introduced into the system by the conduits 23, 23'.
  • the liquid fuel flows over atomizing plenums 26, 26' and a portion thereof is atomized by air under pressure which is introduced into each plenum through conduits 27 and 27'.
  • Liquid which is not atomized flows to the bottom of the common atomizing chamber 52 and is withdrawn therefrom by a drain conduit for recirculation in the fuel supply system.
  • the atomization process utilizes the basic "Babington" principle disclosed in prior mentioned U.S. Patents 3,421,699 and 3,421,692.
  • the burner configuration illustrated in Fig. 2 operates at such a high combustion efficiency that fuel-gas CO 2 levels of 15%, which are approximately the maximum level, have been achieved at zero smoke. This value is just below the theoretically obtainable when the precise amount of air is mixed with the hydrocarbon fuel. This is in contrast to the average conventional home oil burner that operates at C0 2 levels of 8% even when the burner firing rate is matched to the furnace capacity.
  • the air blast tube 53 directs air along the central axis of the single atomizing chamber 52 and along the central axis of the flame tube 3.
  • a portion of the blower air entering the air blast tube 53 is preferably entrained or forced into the atomizing chamber 52 via openings 56 and 56' where it commingles with the fuel spray and is discharged into the flame tube 3 via spray discharge horns 17 and 17'.
  • the atomizers may draw the air into the chamber 52 via apertures 56 and 56' by the low pressure area created at the orifices of said atomizing plenums, or under certain operation conditions pressurized air may also be forced into atomizing chamber 52 through apertures 56 and 56'.
  • common chamber 52 may also be fitted with blower air pressurization ports 66 and 66' so that common chamber 52 may be operated at still a more elevated static pressure if so desired. Such pressurization would more likely be employed at high firing rates and where it is desirous to mix as much air with the atomized spray as possible before discharging the mixture into the flame tube.
  • the large central opening in the perforated wall is smaller than the inside diameter of the central air blast tube 53, a small amount of air is directed or forced radially outwardly between the forward face of the atomizing chamber and the perforated fire wall.
  • the perforations in the fire wall are so numbered and sized that a very soft flow of air passes through this wall. This air bleeds through the perforated fire wall and into the flame tube, thereby keeping or holding the flame off the fire wall, and insulating the relatively cool surface of the front face of the atomizing chamber from the hot environment on the downstream side of the fire wall.
  • substantially planar face fire wall 57 permits the minimum included angle where sprays meet to be quite small.
  • the preferred minimum included angle is about 5°. Excellent results have been achieved with an angle of about 27°.
  • the centrifugal swirl shutters or louvers 50 promote rapid mixing of combustion air and fuel spray to prevent soot buildup on the flame tube 3.
  • the air which passes into the flame tube through the centrifugal swirl shutters provides a curtain of swirling air along the flame tube wall. This insulates the flame tube wall from direct flame impingement and prevents hot spots and flame erosion problems.
  • the curtain of swirling air is heaviest in the upstream vicinity of the flame tube where it enters through the louvers.
  • the unique configuration of the flame tube within a blast tube provides a unique heat exchanger in which combustion air for staging purposes passes through the annular area between the flame tube and the blast tube. In traversing this route, the combustion air picks up heat from the inner hot walls of the flame tube. This hot air, as it is delivered to the interior of the flame tube at the aforementioned staging locations helps to promote rapid vaporization of the atomized fuel to complete the combustion process downstream in the flame tube.
  • the staging of combustion air in this manner allows the temperature within the flame tube to be maintained at the desired level to keep nitrous oxide emissions to a minimum.
  • Still another advantage of the manner in which combustion air is staged is to produce a flame which, when emitted from the burner, is short and bushy.
  • staged air in a nonsymmetrical manner which is contrary to the fuel/air mixing technique used in conventional residential type oil burners.
  • two air blasts 12, 12' may be introduced perpendicular to the long axis of the blast tube, at three o'clock and nine o'clock locations.
  • the flame is caused to squirt out and fill the flame tube at the six o'clock and twelve o'clock positions.
  • the low static pressure within the air blasts at the three and nine o'clock positions causes the flame to wrap around the air blasts and thus produce a shorter and more compact flame which fills the entire flame tube.
  • a short bushy flame of this type is ideal for a retrofit or replacement burner, because it is suited for use in any type of combustion chamber. This is in contrast to a long thin flame which would impinge upon the back side of many combustion chambers and cause erosion of the combustion liner.
  • the combustion air passing between the flame tube and the blast tube serves to keep the outer blast tube cool, thereby preventing heat erosion of the blast tube.
  • the atomization system is so efficient, and the subsequent fuel/air mixing and vaporization is likewise carried out in such a highly efficient manner, that the burner does not require a hot combustion chamber to achieve high combustion performance.
  • a fact to be noted is that conventional high pressure nozzles have difficulty operating at firing rates below approximately 2.6 liter/hr. without encountering a high incidence of clogging.
  • the present burner there is essentially no minimum firing rate that can be attained; a prototype burner has been operated at a firing rate of less than 0.38 liters/hr. This means that each individual atomizer is operating at less than 0.19 liters/hr.
  • both atomizers be generating the same amount of fuel spray for the burner to operate efficiently.
  • one atomizer may have a firing rate of 0.22 liters/hr. while the other has a firing rate of 0.15 liters/hr.
  • a burner of this type will operate just as efficiently as one in which each atomizer is delivering a spray rate of 0.18 liters/hr.
  • This low firing rate capability of the present invention is very important in light of the present energy crisis because homes in the future will be built with better insulation and the trend is towards low firing burners that can provide highly efficient operation.
  • the spray discharge horn 17' served two purposes.
  • Horn 17' controls the mass median diameter of the spray entering flame tube 3 and also prevents the flame within flame tube 3 from propagating upstream and into atomizing chamber 15.
  • the spray particle size can be optimized by adjusting the geometry of horn 17' with respect to its length, exit diameter and conical angle.
  • Said horn can be sized such that the spray issuing forth from orifice 29' is discharged into flame tube 3 unrestricted by horn 17', or said horn may be designed to restrict a portion of the spray emanating from 29'. In this latter case, the inner walls of said horn serve to skim off the larger spray particles on the outer periphery of the spray plume.
  • outer shroud 22 may be somewhat longer or shorter than inner shroud 17' to promote better drainback and/or to eliminate soot buildup between said shrouds or around the entire configuration 20'.
  • the high velocity discharge horn assembly 20' shown in Fig. 3 skims off a portion of the fuel spray originating from orifice 29'.
  • the relatively high velocity of the spray passing through inner shroud 17' causes impinging fuel to run along the inner walls of shroud 17' towards the flame tube.
  • This raw fuel is prevented from spilling over into the flame tube by means of the outer shroud 22.
  • Said raw fuel upon reaching the discharge lip of the inner shroud 17' runs back between said inner shroud and said outer shroud 22, mostly along the outer surface of the inner shroud 17, and back towards the forward wall 28 of the atomizing chamber 15.
  • This excess or run-off fuel then drains back into chamber 15 via small drain tube 72.
  • drain tube 72 which has an I.D. of approximately 1.6-3.2 mm. becomes filled with fuel and acts as a trap to prevent the back flow of combustion products into the atomizing chamber.
  • high velocity discharge horn assembly 20' is to prevent burn-back in the atomizing chamber.
  • the assembly acts as an ejector which is sized such that the fuel/air velocity exiting from said inner shroud 17' is at least as great as the flame speed of the fuel burning within flame tube 3. This means that the flame within the flame tube cannot propagate upstream and into atomizing chamber 15'.
  • flame holder 71 may be provided.
  • Said flame holder is in the form of a simple ring or washer having a large central opening 63, said opening being sized slightly larger than that of the spray plume diameter at that point. This allows the fuel spray to pass unimpeded through said opening 63 without wetting the walls of said flame holder 71.
  • the turbulence and subsequent low static pressure that is created around flame holder 71 when the spray passes through it, causes the flame to seat or attach itself to the downstream face of flame holder 71.
  • said flame holder 71 is supported from outer shroud 22 by two small rod like appendages 62. It is desirable that these rods 62 be small in cross-section so that flame holder 71 takes on the appearance of being suspended in space approximately 3.2-3.8 mm. downstream of the exit of inner shroud 17'. The exact location of flame holder 71 will depend upon the relative velocity between the flame speed and the fuel/air mixture leaving shroud 17'.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Flüssigkraftstoffbrenner, gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination von:
einem Flammrohr (3), das ein Einlaßende und ein Auslaßende aufweist,
einer Atomisierkammer (52), welche in Verbindung steht mit dem Einlaßende des Flammrohres und welche Kraftstoffatomisiermittel (26, 26') umschließt zur Verteilung atomisierten Kraftstoffs in das Flammrohr (3) durch Öffnungen in einer Trennwand (51), die das Flammrohr (3) von der Atomisierkammer (52) trennt,
wobei diese Atomisiermittel (26, 26') aus einer Vielzahl von hohlen Luftkammern bestehen, von denen jede eine glatte äußere Oberfläche aufweist, und jede eine kleine Durchgangsbohrung (29, 29') darin definiert, mit Mitteln (23, 23') zur Erzeugung eines Kraftstoffflusses als dünner Film über jeder dieser Durchgangsbohrungen und mit Mitteln (27, 27') zur Einführung von Druckluft in dieser Luftkammern (26, 26') zum Zerreissen dieses Films an dieser Bohrung (29, 29'),
Mitteln (54) zum Tragen dieser Luftkammern (26, 26') in dieser Atomisierkammer (52) in der Weise, daß eine Mehrzahl von ausgerichteten Strömen von atomisiertem Kraftstoff von dieser Kammer veranlasst wird, durch jeweils eine dieser Öffnungen in dieser Trennwand (51) in des Flammrohr (3) auszutreten in Richtungen längs der Mittenachse dieses Flammrohres zur im wesentlichen vollständigen Verbrennung dieses atomisierten Kraftstoffes innerhalb dieses Flammrohres (3),
Mitteln (56, 56', 66, 66') zur Einführung von Luft in diese Atomisierkammer (52) zur Erzeugung eines Luftstromes geringer Geschwindigkeit durch diese Öffnungen in dieser Trennwand zusammen mit den Strömen von atomisierten Kraftstoff und dieser Druckluft, wie sie von jeder dieser Luftkammern (26, 26') abgehen,
Mitteln (19, 21) zur Zündung des atomisierten Kraftstoffes im Flammrohr (3) stromabwärts von seinem Einlaßende,
ersten Mittel (50) zur Einführung von Luft in dieses Flammrohr (3) nahe, jedoch stromabwärts von seinem Einlaßende mit einer Tangentialkomponente zur Erzeugung eines einzigen tangentialen Wirbels im Flammrohr (3) zur Begünstigung des Vermischens von Luft mit dem atomisierten Kraftstoff und zum Fernhalten der Flamme von der inneren Oberfläche des Flammrohres im Bereich seines Einlaßendes,
und von zweiten Mitteln (12, 13) zur Einführung von Luft in dieses Flammrohr (3) an mindestens einer Stelle stromabwärts von der Stelle der Lufteinführung durch die ersten Mittel (50) und stromabwärts vom Zündpunkt des Kraftstoff-Luftgemisches durch diese Zündmittel (19, 21) mit einer Geschwindigkeit und einer Richtung daß der durch die erste Mittel erzeugte tangentiale Wirbel unterdrückt wird, damit es der Flamme möglich wird, sich zur Wand des Flammrohres hin auszudehnen und um eine im wesentlichen vollständige Verbrennung innerhalb des Umrisses des Flammrohres (3) zu ermöglichen.
2. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem ein löchriges Strahlungsschild (57) nahe, jedoch im Abstand zu derjenigen Seite dieser Trennwand (51) angeordnet ist, welche zum Flammrohr (3) hinzeigt.
3. Brenner nach Anspruch 2, der weiterhin umfasst einen Strahlaustrittskonus (17, 17') für jede dieser Luftkammern (26, 26'), wobei jeder Strahlaustrittskonus (17, 17') kegelstumpfförmig mit seinem größeren Ende nahe der Durchgangsbohrung (29, 29') der zugeordneten Luftkammer (26, 26') angeordnet ist und sich durch entsprechende Öffnungen in dieser Trennwand (51) und diesem Strahlungsschild (57) erstreckt.
4. Brenner nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 bei welchem sowohl des Schild (57) als auch die Trennwand (51) eine zentrale Öffnung (55, 59) definieren zur Erzeugung eines Luftstromes von einer Luftdruckquelle längs der Mittenachse dieses Flammrohres (3).
5. Brenner nach Anspruch 4, welcher weiterhin umfasst ein zentrales Rohr (53), welches sich von dieser Luftguelle erstreckt und in Verbindung steht mit Offnung (55) in der Trennwand (51) und Öffnung (59) in Schild (57).
6. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem diese ersten Mittel (50) aus einer Vielzahl von Wirbelklappen, welche in dieser Flammrohrwand gebildet werden, bestehen.
7. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem diese zweite Mittel auf einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen (12) in diesem Flammrohr (3) bestehen, welche im wesentlichen in dessen Längsmitte angeordnet sind.
8. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei welchem diese zweiten Mittel aus einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen (13) in diesem Flammrohr (3) im wesentlichen an dessen Auslaßende bestehen.
9. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem diese zweiten Mittel (12, 13) aus einer ersten Anzahl von Öffnungen (12) in diesem Flammrohr (3) im wesentlichen in dessen Längsmitte und einer zweiten Anzahl von Öffnungen (13) in diesem Flammrohr (3) im wesentlichen an dessen Auslaßende bestehen.
10. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welcher Mittel (56, 56', 66, 66') umfasst zum Unterdrucksetzen dieser Atomisierkammer (52) mit einem Druck oberhalb Atmosphärendruck.
11. Brenner nach Anspruch 10, welcher weiterhin umfasst Luftkanalmittel zum Leiten von Luft über die ersten und zweiten Mittel (50, 12, 13) in das Innere des Flammrohres (3).
12. Brenner nach Anspruch 11, bei welchem diese Luftkanalmittel ein Rohr (2) umfassen mit einem größeren Durchmesser als das Flammrohr (3), das es umgibt zur Bildung eines ringförmigen Kanals.
13. Flüssigkraftstoffbrenner, gekennzeichnet, durch die Kombination von:
einem Flammrohr (3), das ein Einlaßende und ein Auslaßende aufweist,
einer Atomisierkammer (52), welche in Verbindung steht mit dem Einlaßende des Flammrohres und welche Kraftstoffatomisiermittel (26, 26') umschließt zur Verteilung atomisierten Kraftstoffs in das Flammrohr (3) durch Öffnungen in einer Trennwand (51), die das Flammrohr (3) von der Atomisierkammer (52) trennt,
wobei diese Atomisiermittel (26, 26') aus einer Vielzahl von hohlen Luftkammern bestehen, von denen jede eine glatte äußere Oberfläche aufweist und jede eine kleine Durchgangsbohrung (29, 29') darin definiert, mit Mitteln (23, 23') zur Erzeugung eines Kraftstoffflusses als dünner Film über jeder dieser Durchgangsbohrungen und mit Mitteln (27, 27') zur Einführung von Druckluft in jede dieser Luftkammern (26, 26') zum Zerreissen dieses Films an dieser Bohrung (29, 29'),
Mitteln (54) zum Tragen dieser Luftkammern (26, 26') in dieser Atomisierkammer (52) in der Weise, daß eine Mehrzahl von ausgerichteten Strömen von atomisiertem Kraftstoff von dieser Kammer zusammen mit der unter Druck stehenden Luft, die durch diese Bohrungen (29, 29') in diesen Luftkammern (26, 26') hindurchgeht, veranlasst wird durch jeweils eine dieser Öffnungen in dieser Trennwand (51) in des Flammrohr (3) auszutreten in Richtungen längs der Mittenachse dieses Flammrohres,
Mitteln (56, 56', 66, 66') zum Unterdrucksetzen dieser Atomisierkammer (52) mit überatmosphärischem Druck, um einen Luftstrom geringer Geschwindigkeit zum Ausströmen durch diese Öffnungen in dieser Trennwand zusammen mit den Strömen von atomisierten Kraftstoff zu bewirken,
Mitteln (19, 21) zur Zündung des atomisierten Kraftstoffes im Flammrohr (3) stromabwärts von seinem Einlaßende,
und Mitteln (12, 13) zum Einführen von Luft in dieses Flammrohr (3) an mindestens einer Stelle längs seiner Länge zur Vermischung mit dem atomisierten Kraftstoff.
EP19790300864 1979-05-18 1979-05-18 Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe Expired EP0019022B1 (de)

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US12152780B2 (en) 2022-02-17 2024-11-26 General Electric Company Method of supplying fuel and air to a combustor with an ignition tube

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