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EP0012823B1 - Lining for underground cavities - Google Patents

Lining for underground cavities Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012823B1
EP0012823B1 EP79104400A EP79104400A EP0012823B1 EP 0012823 B1 EP0012823 B1 EP 0012823B1 EP 79104400 A EP79104400 A EP 79104400A EP 79104400 A EP79104400 A EP 79104400A EP 0012823 B1 EP0012823 B1 EP 0012823B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire mesh
coating
water
concrete
lining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79104400A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0012823A1 (en
Inventor
Aloys Dipl.-Ing. Schlütter
Kopp Dipl.-Ing. Bernd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niederberg-Chemie Te Neukirchen-Vluyn Bondsr GmbH
Original Assignee
Ruhrkohle AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ruhrkohle AG filed Critical Ruhrkohle AG
Publication of EP0012823A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012823A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0012823B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012823B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
    • E21D5/12—Accessories for making shaft linings, e.g. suspended cradles, shutterings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an expansion for underground rooms, such as tunnels, tunnels and shafts, as mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such rooms are usually provided with a base layer made of concrete. There is a water seal in front of the base course. The water is sealed with a film arranged between the base layer and the rock.
  • the necessary protection is usually provided with the help of concrete.
  • the concrete is first sprayed onto the mountain ridge.
  • the film is applied to this concrete layer before laying the actual base layer, which is to create the resistance to expansion.
  • This base layer usually also consists of concrete, whereby the concrete spraying method is also used here.
  • shotcrete is a very complex technique. This applies in particular to the filling of cavities with shotcrete, which should also serve as a support for the seal. Blowing out the rock often creates larger voids than desired, which have to be filled with shotcrete.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding damage to the sealing membrane when expanding the type shown in DE-A 2 307 090 and of draining off seated water in a targeted manner.
  • This is achieved according to the invention in that the wire mesh has a coating covering its surface.
  • the coating preferably consists of glass fibers or plastic fibers and can optionally be applied on both sides of the wire mesh.
  • mountain wall 1 made of limestone is created by blasting.
  • the mountain wall 1 has fissures 2 and rocky outcrops 3.
  • the wire mesh 4 is either in one piece or composed of wire mats.
  • the wire mats are assembled by connecting the mats at the joints.
  • the wire mesh has a shape that comes as close as possible to the ideal line of the tunnel or route.
  • the wire mesh 4 lies against the rocky projections 3 so that it is supported there.
  • the wire mesh 4 is fastened there in the rocky projections using suitable dowels or anchors, shown in dash-dotted lines.
  • the dowels 5 give the wire mesh additional support.
  • the wire mesh 4 is coated on both sides. It lies between layers 6 made of glass fibers or plastic fibers. The coating is carried out by placing webs or weaving the wire mesh 4 into the fibers or flocking the wire mesh 4.
  • the glass fibers or plastic fibers form a nonwoven fabric.
  • a sealing membrane 7 made of plastic is attached to the inside of the wire mesh coated in this way.
  • the sealing membrane 7 is preferably firmly connected to the coating. This is done by lamination or welding.
  • the wire mesh 4, the coating 6 and the sealing membrane 7 serve to shape the concrete structure.
  • the concrete layer provided for this purpose is sprayed on or applied with the help of another formwork.
  • the further formwork is then arranged within the cavity enclosed by the wire mesh 4 and determines the clear opening width of the shaft extension or tunnel extension.
  • the concrete is pumped in between this further formwork (not shown) and the shaped and supporting body formed by wire mesh 4, coating 6 and sealing membrane 7 and aftertreated in the usual manner by shaking.
  • the wire mesh 4 with the coating 6 and the sealing membrane 7 remains between the concrete lining and the mountain wall 1.
  • the sealing membrane 7 protects the concrete lining from escaping water. This water is directed to the tunnel or shaft bottom in a bottom drain, not shown.
  • the coating according to the invention also ensures a largely pressureless drainage of water when the previously opened fissures become clogged.
  • the coating 6 and the wire mesh 4 protect the sealing membrane 7 from rock breaking out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ausbau für untertage liegende Räume, wie Tunnel, Stollen und Schächte, wie er im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannt ist.The invention relates to an expansion for underground rooms, such as tunnels, tunnels and shafts, as mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Räume werden üblicherweise mit einer Tragschicht aus Beton versehen. Vor der Tragschicht befindet sich eine Wasserabdichtung. Die Wasserabdichtung erfolgt mit einer zwischen der Tragschicht und dem Gebirge angeordneten Folie.Such rooms are usually provided with a base layer made of concrete. There is a water seal in front of the base course. The water is sealed with a film arranged between the base layer and the rock.

Ein derartiger Ausbau wird häufig an den Stellen eingebracht, an denen Wasser zusitzt oder wo mit zusitzendem Wasser gerechnet werden muss. Die Folie hat dann die Aufgabe, das Wasser abzuleiten, wobei es in der Regel genügt, wenn das an der Firste und an den Stössen zusitzende Wasser auf die Sohle und dort in die in der Regel mitgenommene Wasserseige abgeleitet wird. Zu diesem Zweck wird die zumeist dünne und aus Kunststoff bestehende Folie gegen eine Beschädigung bzw. Zerstörung durch das drückende Wasser und Gebirgsbewegungen geschützt.Such an expansion is often introduced at the points where water is sitting or where water must be reckoned with. The film then has the task of draining off the water, it usually being sufficient if the water sitting on the ridges and the joints is drained off onto the sole and there into the water seige that is usually carried along. For this purpose, the mostly thin and plastic film is protected against damage or destruction by the pressing water and mountain movements.

Der notwendige Schutz erfolgt in der Regel mit Hilfe von Beton. Der Beton wird zunächst auf den Gebirgsstoss aufgespritzt. Auf diese Betonschicht wird die Folie vor Verlegen der eigentlichen Tragschicht aufgebracht, welche den Ausbauwiderstand erzeugen soll. Diese Tragschicht besteht zumeist ebenfalls aus Beton, wobei auch hier das Betonspritzverfahren zur Anwendung gelangt.The necessary protection is usually provided with the help of concrete. The concrete is first sprayed onto the mountain ridge. The film is applied to this concrete layer before laying the actual base layer, which is to create the resistance to expansion. This base layer usually also consists of concrete, whereby the concrete spraying method is also used here.

Die Verwendung von Spritzbeton ist eine sehr aufwendige Technik. Das gilt insbesondere für die Ausfüllung von Hohlräumen mit Spritzbeton, der gleichzeitig als Auflage für die Abdichtung dienen soll. Häufig entstehen durch das Aussprengen des Gesteins grössere Hohlräume als erwünscht, die mit dem Spritzbeton verfüllt werden müssen.The use of shotcrete is a very complex technique. This applies in particular to the filling of cavities with shotcrete, which should also serve as a support for the seal. Blowing out the rock often creates larger voids than desired, which have to be filled with shotcrete.

Aus den DE-A 1 609 328, 1 784 259 und 2 307 090 ist es bekannt, den Ausbau unter teilweiser Offenlassung der Klüfte einzubringen. Am weitesten geht dabei der Vorschlag nach der DE-A 2 307 090, der einen Form- und Stützkörper für den Betonausbaü vorsieht. Der bekannte Form-und Stützkörper besteht aus einem Drahtgitter und einer Dichtungsbahn und wird unter teilweiser Offenlassung der Klüfte an der Gebirgswand befestigt. Dabei ist die Dichtungsbahn ausbrechendem Gestein weitgehend ausgesetzt, so dass es zu Beschädigungen kommen kann. Ferner kann sich der Zwischenraum zwischen Gebirge und Abdichtungsbahn zusetzen und dadurch zusitzendes Wasser nicht mehr wirkungsvoll abgeleitet werden.From DE-A 1 609 328, 1 784 259 and 2 307 090 it is known to introduce the expansion with the fractures partially left open. The proposal according to DE-A 2 307 090 goes the furthest, which provides a shaped and supporting body for the concrete lining. The well-known form and support body consists of a wire mesh and a sealing membrane and is attached to the mountain wall with the fractures partially left open. The geomembrane is largely exposed to rock breaking out, so that it can be damaged. Furthermore, the space between the mountains and the waterproofing membrane can become clogged and water that is sitting there can no longer be effectively drained off.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Ausbau der in der DE-A 2 307 090 gezeigten Art Beschädigungen der Dichtungsbahn zu vermeiden und zusitzendes Wasser gezielt abzuleiten. Das wird nach der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, dass das Drahtgitter eine seine Fläche abdeckende Beschichtung aufweist. Die Beschichtung besteht vorzugsweise aus Glasfasern oder Kunststoffasern und kann wahlweise beiderseits des Drahtgitters angebracht werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding damage to the sealing membrane when expanding the type shown in DE-A 2 307 090 and of draining off seated water in a targeted manner. This is achieved according to the invention in that the wire mesh has a coating covering its surface. The coating preferably consists of glass fibers or plastic fibers and can optionally be applied on both sides of the wire mesh.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemässen Tunnel oder Streckenausbau im Ausschnitt;
  • Fig. 2 eine Einzelheit des Ausbaus nach Fig. 1.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. Show it:
  • 1 shows a tunnel or route expansion according to the invention in a detail;
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the expansion according to FIG. 1.

Mit 1 ist eine durch Aussprengen entstandene Gebirgswand aus Kalkstein bezeichnet. Die Gebirgswand 1 besitzt Klüfte 2 und Felsvorsprünge 3.With 1 a mountain wall made of limestone is created by blasting. The mountain wall 1 has fissures 2 and rocky outcrops 3.

An der Gebirgswand 1 des entstandenen Tunnels bzw. Strecke befindet sich ein Drahtgitter 4. Das Drahtgitter 4 ist entweder einstückig oder aus Drahtmatten zusammengesetzt. Das Zusammensetzen der Drahtmatten geschieht durch Verbinden der Matten an den Stossstellen.There is a wire mesh 4 on the mountain wall 1 of the tunnel or route created. The wire mesh 4 is either in one piece or composed of wire mats. The wire mats are assembled by connecting the mats at the joints.

Das Drahtgitter besitzt eine Form, die der gewünschten Ideallinie des Tunnels bzw. der Strecke möglichst nahekommt. Dabei liegt das Drahtgitter 4 an den Felsvorsprüngen 3 an, so dass es dort eine Abstützung erfährt. Ausserdem ist das Drahtgitter 4 dort mit geeigneten, bei 5 strichpunktiert dargestellten Dübeln oder Ankern in den Felsvorsprüngen befestigt. Die Dübel 5 geben dem Drahtgitter zusätzlichen Halt.The wire mesh has a shape that comes as close as possible to the ideal line of the tunnel or route. The wire mesh 4 lies against the rocky projections 3 so that it is supported there. In addition, the wire mesh 4 is fastened there in the rocky projections using suitable dowels or anchors, shown in dash-dotted lines. The dowels 5 give the wire mesh additional support.

Das Drahtgitter 4 ist beidseitig beschichtet. Es liegt zwischen Schichten 6 aus Glasfasern oder Kunststoffasern. Die Beschichtung erfolgt durch Auflegen von Bahnen oder Einweben des Drahtgitters 4 in die Fasern bzw. Beflocken des Drahtgitters 4. Die Glasfasern oder Kunststoffasern bilden ein Faservlies.The wire mesh 4 is coated on both sides. It lies between layers 6 made of glass fibers or plastic fibers. The coating is carried out by placing webs or weaving the wire mesh 4 into the fibers or flocking the wire mesh 4. The glass fibers or plastic fibers form a nonwoven fabric.

An der Innenseite des so beschichteten Drahtgitters ist eine Dichtungsbahn 7 aus Kunststoff angebracht. Die Dichtungsbahn 7 ist vorzugsweise mit der Beschichtung fest verbunden. Das geschieht durch Aufkaschieren bzw. Aufschweissen.A sealing membrane 7 made of plastic is attached to the inside of the wire mesh coated in this way. The sealing membrane 7 is preferably firmly connected to the coating. This is done by lamination or welding.

Das Drahtgitter 4, die Beschichtung 6 und die Dichtungsbahn 7 dienen der Formgebung des Betonausbaus. Die dazu vorgesehene Betonschicht wird aufgespritzt oder mit Hilfe einer weiteren Schalung aufgebracht. Die weitere Schalung ist dann innerhalb des vom Drahtgitter 4 umschlossenen Hohlraums angeordnet und bestimmt die lichte Öffnungsweite des Schachtausbaus bzw. Tunnelausbaus. Zwischen dieser nicht dargestellten weiteren Schalung und dem durch Drahtgitter 4, Beschichtung 6 und Dichtungsbahn 7 gebildeten Form- und Stützkörper wird der Beton eingepumpt und in üblicher Weise durch Rütteln nachbehandelt.The wire mesh 4, the coating 6 and the sealing membrane 7 serve to shape the concrete structure. The concrete layer provided for this purpose is sprayed on or applied with the help of another formwork. The further formwork is then arranged within the cavity enclosed by the wire mesh 4 and determines the clear opening width of the shaft extension or tunnel extension. The concrete is pumped in between this further formwork (not shown) and the shaped and supporting body formed by wire mesh 4, coating 6 and sealing membrane 7 and aftertreated in the usual manner by shaking.

Nach Verfestigung des Betonausbaus verbleibt das Drahtgitter 4 mit der Beschichtung 6 und der Dichtungsbahn 7 zwischen dem Betonausbau und der Gebirgswand 1. Die Dichtungsbahn 7 schützt den Betonausbau vor austretendem Wasser. Dieses Wasser wird zur Tunnel- oder Schachtsohle in eine nicht dargestellte Sohldrainage gelenkt. Dabei gewährleistet die erfindungsgemässe Beschichtung auch dann einen weitgehend drucklosen Wasserabfluss, wenn sich die vorher offengelassenen Klüfte zusetzen. Gleichzeitig schützen die Beschichtung 6 und das Drahtgitter 4 die Abdichtungsbahn 7 vor ausbrechendem Gestein.After the concrete lining has solidified, the wire mesh 4 with the coating 6 and the sealing membrane 7 remains between the concrete lining and the mountain wall 1. The sealing membrane 7 protects the concrete lining from escaping water. This water is directed to the tunnel or shaft bottom in a bottom drain, not shown. The coating according to the invention also ensures a largely pressureless drainage of water when the previously opened fissures become clogged. At the same time, the coating 6 and the wire mesh 4 protect the sealing membrane 7 from rock breaking out.

Claims (3)

1. Support for spaces lying underground, such as tunnels, galleries, shafts, where a body (4, 7) giving shape and support, consisting of a wire lattice (4) and a sealing sheet (7), is secured to the rock wall, leaving the fissures partially empty, characterised in that the wire lattice (4) has a coating (6) covering its surface.
2. Support according to claim 1, characterised in that the coating (6) consists of glass fibres or plastics fibres.
3. Support according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the coating (6) is applied to both sides of the wire lattice (4).
EP79104400A 1978-12-09 1979-11-08 Lining for underground cavities Expired EP0012823B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2853279 1978-12-09
DE19782853279 DE2853279A1 (en) 1978-12-09 1978-12-09 EXTENSION OF UNDERGROUND ROOMS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012823A1 EP0012823A1 (en) 1980-07-09
EP0012823B1 true EP0012823B1 (en) 1981-09-16

Family

ID=6056759

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79104400A Expired EP0012823B1 (en) 1978-12-09 1979-11-08 Lining for underground cavities

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0012823B1 (en)
AT (1) AT369135B (en)
DE (2) DE2853279A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2943342A1 (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-05-07 Deitermann Kg Chemiewerk, 4354 Datteln Multilayer protective coating for concrete and masonry - with plastic foil embedded in adhesive compound
DE2941684A1 (en) * 1979-10-15 1981-04-23 Hilti AG, 9494 Schaan Sealing foil fixture on tunnel walling type underlay - involves retained self drilling dowels fastening foil holders to underlay
GB2299112B (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-04-21 Rom Limited Improvements in and relating to tunnel linings
CN112523780B (en) * 2020-12-01 2022-11-29 中铁十二局集团有限公司 Soft rock tunnel lining vault anti-hollowing active monitoring construction method

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE874317C (en) * 1951-07-15 1953-04-23 Tiefbaugesellschaft Zweibrueck Waterproof cleat lining
CH414718A (en) * 1965-05-15 1966-06-15 Plastex Di Alberto Greco Procedure for spraying or spreading concrete or other plaster against a wall made damp by water infiltrations and coating to make it
DE6607256U (en) * 1965-09-27 1971-02-11 Hilti Ag FASTENING MEMBER FOR FASTENING BENDING AREAS
CH441417A (en) * 1965-10-06 1967-08-15 Ironflex Ag Sealing of walls against pressure and seepage water
FR1583561A (en) * 1967-06-01 1969-11-14
DE1759999A1 (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-07-15 Gerd Leschus Kunststoff Fabrik Device for fastening large-area sealing sheets to the inner surface of a tunnel vault
DE1784259A1 (en) * 1968-07-23 1971-08-12 Gerd Leschus Kunststoff Fabrik Sealing lining of tunnels, galleries and other structures
CH531625A (en) * 1970-11-25 1972-12-15 Sarnen Kunststoff Ag Method for sealing walls in buildings
AT331294B (en) * 1972-09-01 1976-08-10 Alltis Allg Kunststoff Isolier ON A TUNNEL ARCH OR DGL. SEAL TO BE FASTENED
DE2432648A1 (en) * 1974-07-08 1976-01-22 Schlegel Engineering Gmbh Fastening system for connecting plates to concrete - uses projecting fibres which are embedded into liquid concrete
AT339948B (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-11-10 Iso Bau Abdichtungen Im Hoch U METHOD FOR FASTENING A SEALING FILM MADE OF PLASTIC ON A BASE AND FASTENING BODY FOR FASTENING PLASTIC FILMS TO PERFORM THE METHOD
CH593416A5 (en) * 1975-07-01 1977-11-30 Sarna Kunststoff Ag Multiple tunnel lining system - has bolts embedded in concrete lining, with magnetic tops and adhesive, for attaching waterproof foil
CH600135A5 (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-06-15 Awus Tunnel & Schacht
DE2637996A1 (en) * 1976-08-24 1978-03-02 Beton & Monierbau Ag Compound tunnel lining for use in mountain tunnels - includes layers of porous injection moulded elastomeric plastic, matted fibre, silt and water resistant layer
DE2656933A1 (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-06-22 Beton & Monierbau Ag Hydraulically pressurised tunnel lining - is circular resilient element with pressure applied at sides enabling top to resist roof pressure
DE2724686A1 (en) * 1977-06-01 1978-12-14 Ruhrkohle Ag Mine roadway support reinforcement - has lattice beams between arches with wire mesh and shuttering for packing with anhydrite

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2853279A1 (en) 1980-06-26
AT369135B (en) 1982-12-10
EP0012823A1 (en) 1980-07-09
DE2960850D1 (en) 1981-12-03
ATA780179A (en) 1982-04-15

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