EP0003929A2 - Photographic process for the production of drawings on a support covered with a photographic emulsion, realised and developed in daylight, product and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A photographic process for forming designs on a support covered with a photographic emulsion. On a support such as a fog film, a design is made using an indelible varnish, and the zones not covered with varnish are developed, and this takes place during a period corresponding to the degree of development which it is desired to obtain. The relief parts of the indelible varnish are removed by means of an appropriate product and the emulsion which has remained untreated is redeveloped. The invention permits the production of designs by photographic means, not exhibiting any relief parts, and consequently more stable and more resistant, especially to projectors, and the production of graphics which are specific to the aforementioned technique (see Figure 3). <IMAGE>

Description

The subject of the present invention is a photographic method for producing drawings on a support covered with a photographic emulsion, in particular slides and drawn photographs.

We know that in the technique known as "diapography", we start from a transparent or semi-transparent support on which we apply inks and dyes to make the desired designs. This results in an excess thickness on the film, which leads to a certain fragility of the image thus obtained, and an instability harmful to the heat of the projectors.

The main purpose of the invention is to produce drawn photographs which can be developed in daylight, and which has the advantage of avoiding excess thickness.

• - sur le support choisi, de format convenable, on exécute le dessin au pinceau ou à la plume en formant un masque de matériau indélébile résistant aux produits photographi- ^ques tels que révélateur, fixateur,
• - on trempe le support dessiné dans un révélateur ,
• - on rince, on trempe dans un fixateur, et on procède à un nouveau rinçage,
• - on procède à l'enlèvement des parties de matériau indélébile en relief sur le support, au moyen d'un produit approprié,
• - on retrempe dans le révélateur, on rince, on trempe dans le fixateur, et on rince à nouveau pour développer le graphisme qui était situé sous le masque.

To this end, the method according to the invention is characterized by the following successive operations:

• - on the selected carrier, suitable format, it executes the drawing brush or pen in forming a permanent mask material resistant ^q ues photographic products such as developer, fixer,
• - the drawn support is dipped in a developer,
• - we rinse, we soak in a fixative, and we carry out a new rinsing,
• - the parts of indelible material in relief are removed on the support, using an appropriate product,
• - soak in the developer, rinse, soak in the fixer, and rinse again to develop the graphics that were located under the mask.

The starting support may for example be an opaque strip of hazy film, such as is found in the priming strips of films, and which is in principle unusable. Furthermore, the indelible material can be a suitable protective varnish, which is resistant to various products such as bleach, and photographic development products.

One can also use for drawing a liquid latex or "drawing gum", the varnish being removed by means of a cloth soaked in petrol or trichlorethylene, while the liquid latex can be removed by simple rubbing with the finger.

Starting from a veiled film, one obtains by the implementation of the aforementioned embodiment of the method according to the invention, a two-tone image, for example black and white. The black corresponds to the parts of the support on which varnish or liquid latex has been spread, while the white corresponds to the remaining part of the image, the photographic development treatment of which has driven off the emulsion by soaking in the fixative without the revealing phase.

It is possible to obtain a third distinct shade by implementing another embodiment of the method according to the invention. According to this embodiment, after the first development, a selected part of the developed base is covered with indelible material, the remaining surface is treated with a bleaching product in order to '' drive away the emulsion, then the indelible material is extracted in relief , soak in the developer, rinse, soak in the fixer and rinse again, after which we get a design in three different shades.

Thus starting from a veiled film, one obtains a white background corresponding to the part not covered with indelible material, a gray tint corresponding to the aforementioned chosen part of the developed background, and a black tint corresponding to the first drawing executed with the indelible material. .

Thus, in the case of a drawing representing a shore, the sea and the sky, the shore may be black, the sea gray, and the sky white, without of course prejudging other elements which may appear on the coast or on the sea, in white or black.

The subject of the invention is also the industrial product consisting of a support coated with a photographic emulsion, and on which a drawing has been produced by implementing the above-mentioned process. In addition, the invention also relates to a device for implementing the aforementioned method, this device comprising in combination a housing which contains supports coated with a photographic emulsion such as veiled films and plastic sheets, an indelible material such as a varnish or a liquid latex resistant to photographic products, intended to execute drawings on the aforementioned supports, means for spreading the indelible material on the support, a fixer and a photographic developer with corresponding trays, a suitable product such than a solvent to remove the indelible material deposited on the support, and an explanatory note.

• - la figure 1 est un diagramme symbolisant la succession des étapes d'une première forme de réalisation du procédé photographique selon l'invention, ainsi que deux variantes dudit procédé.
• - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle du support utilisé dans le procédé selon l'invention, après exécution du dessin avec un matériau indélébile et traitement photographique.
• - la figure 3 est un premier exemple de dessin photographique obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.
• - la figure 4 est un second exemple de dessin pouvant être réalisé conformément à l'invention.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows. In the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples, several embodiments of the process according to the invention have been shown.

• - Figure 1 is a diagram symbolizing the succession of steps of a first embodiment of the photographic method according to the invention, as well as two variants of said method.
• - Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the support used in the method according to the invention, after execution of the drawing with an indelible material and photographic treatment.
• - Figure 3 is a first example of photographic drawing obtained by the implementation of the method according to the invention.
• - Figure 4 is a second example of a drawing which can be produced in accordance with the invention.

The photographic process for producing drawings on a support covered with a photographic emulsion, as illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises, in accordance with the invention, the following operations:

After having chosen a support 10 of suitable format and nature, for example a web of veiled film, or a photographic paper or a metallic support, or a sheet of plastic material coated with an emulsion, the drawing provided on the drawing is carried out. emulsion with a brush or pen, using an indelible material resistant to photographic products such as developer and fixer.

• - La seconde étape, symbolisée par la case référencée 2 sur la figure 1, consiste à tremper le support dessiné dans un révélateur. La teinte obtenue (facilement contrôlable par le fait que le travail se fait en plein jour), est fonction du temps de trempage, de la température du bain et de la dilution plus ou moins concentrée de ce bain.
• - Dans la troisième étape symbolisée par la référence 3 sur la figure 1, on effectue un rinçage du support dessiné, puis on le trempe dans un fixateur photographique (étape 4) et on procède à un nouveau rinçage (étape 5).
• - Au cours de l'étape n^O 6, symbolisée par la case référencée 6, on procède à l'enlèvement des parties en relief telles que 11 (figure 2) sur l'émulsion 20, au moyen d'un produit approprié. Dans le cas où le matériau indélébile choisi est un vernis, on enlève celui-ci par contact avec de l'essence ou du trichloréthylène. Dans le cas où le matériau choisi est du "drawing gum", il suffit simplement de frotter avec le doigt. On peut utiliser également de l'acétone selon les vernis et de l'éther si le matériau indélébile est de la colle cellulosique.
• - Enfin, au cours de la dernière étape symbolisée en 7 sur la figure 1 on retrempe dans le révélateur, puis on rince le support dessiné débarrassé de ses parties 11 en relief, on trempe dans le fixateur, et on rince à nouveau (étapes 8 à 10).

This first step is symbolized in 1, on the diagram in FIG. 1. As a suitable indelible material, one can use a varnish resistant to photographic development products, as well as to bleach, the pen or a brush being chosen. depending on the thickness of indelible material that must be deposited on the support. One can also use a liquid latex in place of the varnish, such as the product known under the expression "drawing gum", or one of the following products: cellulosic glue (removing with ether), fatty chalks , wax, so-called "instant carry over" letters, adhesives.

• - The second step, symbolized by the box referenced 2 in Figure 1, consists of dipping the drawn support in a developer. The shade obtained (easily controllable by the fact that the work is done in broad daylight), is a function of the soaking time, the temperature of the bath and the more or less concentrated dilution of this bath.
• - In the third step symbolized by the reference 3 in FIG. 1, the drawn support is rinsed, then it is soaked in a photographic fixative (step 4) and a new rinsing is carried out (step 5).
• - During step n ^O 6, symbolized by the box referenced 6, the relief parts such as 11 (FIG. 2) are removed from the emulsion 20, using an appropriate product. In the case where the indelible material chosen is a varnish, this is removed by contact with petrol or trichlorethylene. In the case where the material chosen is "drawing gum", it is enough to rub with your finger. Acetone can also be used according to the varnishes and ether if the indelible material is cellulosic glue.
• - Finally, during the last step symbolized at 7 in FIG. 1, soak in the developer, then rinse the drawn support free of its raised portions 11, soak in the fixative, and rinse again (steps 8 to 10).

At the end of this photographic development treatment of the object prepared during step n ° 1, a drawing in two shades is obtained.

It should be noted that at the time of the first treatment by the fixer, the latter attacks the outline of the design which has not been revealed, this attack taking place all along the base of the parts 11 in relief of the indelible material. Thus, in Figure 2, there is shown by accented lines 12 the points of attack of the support along the parts 11 in relief. In the final drawing, these lines of attack by the fixer result in continuous white lines, referenced 13 in FIG. 3. These white lines 13 can moreover join to form a single thicker white line 12, when the corresponding part of relief varnish thins to the point that the two lines of attack by the fixer meet. This is the case in the upper part of the drawing shown in Figure 3, which shows branches of trees devoid of leaves, and which seem covered with frost.

Furthermore, the duration of the soaking in the developer, which is done in broad daylight and not necessarily in a dark room as in the usual photographic techniques, is variable according to the tone which one wishes to obtain. If you leave the support a fairly short time in the developer, you get a light gray, while if you leave it longer, you get a dark gray. The operator can thus visually control the shade he wants to obtain, in daylight.

According to the first embodiment of the method described above. two-tone designs are obtained, for example black and gray.

If one wishes to obtain a design in three distinct shades, the procedure is as follows, in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.

After the second rinsing (step 5), a selected part of the developed bottom is covered with indelible material, for example sea 14 (see FIG. 4). The remaining surface is then treated with a bleaching product in order to expel the emulsion in part or entirely (depending on whether this bleaching product is concentrated or very diluted and also according to the attack time of this product), on the parts of the support which have not been covered with indelible material. The bleaching product can for example be bleach.

Then extract the indelible material remaining in relief as explained above with reference to box 6 of the diagram, then soak in the developer, rinse, soak in the fixative and rinse again.

In the diagram of FIG. 1, the additional operations provided for by this second embodiment of the invention are represented by rectangles 5a and 5b. The rectangle 5a corresponds to the covering of varnish or "drawing gum", of the chosen part of the developed background, while the step ₅ b corresponds to the dissolution in bleach which drives out the emulsion.

One thus obtains a drawing having three different shades: in the case of FIG. 4, the sky 15, a beach 16 and dwelling houses 17 constitute a white background, corresponding to the part of the support from which the emulsion, assuming white is the color of the support below the emulsion layer. Of course, this color could be any other, in particular if a metal sheet is chosen as the support.

A second area of the drawing, referenced 18 is black and its outline underlined by a white line 18a. Zone 18 represents the rocks which border the sea 14 and overhang the beach 16; this zone 18 corresponds to the surface which has been covered with indelible material.

Finally, we obtain the third zone 14, of gray shade intermediate between the zone (15, 16, 17) and the black zone 18, this gray part 14 having been covered with a layer of varnish or of "drawing gum during the 'step 5a.

This process is not limited to obtaining the three shades; we can indeed repeat phases 5a and 5b as many times as we want to obtain different shades.

A third embodiment of the method according to the invention will now be described, intended to allow the production of polychrome drawings.

From a black and white drawing obtained as indicated above, for example from a slide made from a veiled film, we cover with varnish (or "drawing gum") all the part that we does not want to color. This step is symbolized by the dashed line rectangle referenced 14 in FIG. 1.

The slide is soaked in a product called "color change" in order to obtain the desired color on the area not covered with indelible material. This step is symbolized at 15 in Figure 1. Finally, we remove the varnish (step 16).

At the end of this treatment, a colored area is obtained on a black, gray and white image, for example a yellow sun on a background of trees. This operation can be repeated in order to possibly obtain several zones of different colors.

The method according to the invention has a certain number of advantages compared to the usual techniques.

Normally unusable products can be used, at least with regard to the veiled film which cannot be used in traditional photography. Such a raw material is therefore inexpensive.

The development products used can be the normal fixer and developer of the usual photographic technique.

Photography can be done without having to use shooting or laboratory equipment, in particular the dark room becomes superfluous, since the development of the emulsion takes place in daylight. This is particularly interesting because one can follow the development progress and thus adjust the duration of the bath in the developer in order to obtain the desired shade, and also because the development in the light of day is a favorable element. insertion into a teaching activity of the method according to the invention.

It should also be noted that development in daylight is such as to avoid handling errors which occur fairly frequently in dark rooms, when learning to handle photo products. The excess thicknesses detrimental to the stability of the slides are eliminated using the method according to the invention.

The method according to the invention can be used in particular by all teachers of graphic expression who use photography or slides as a means artistic expression graphic. This process can also be used to make "tipons" in photoengraving or screen printing.

The method described above can be implemented by means of a device comprising a housing in which all the necessary elements and ingredients are gathered: films, photographic papers or sheets of plastic material covered with an emulsion, one or more bottles of indelible varnish or "drawing gum", a brush and / or a feather to spread this varnish, a cloth, petrol or trichlorethylene if using a varnish, a developer and a photographic fixer with possibly corresponding bins.

The invention is not limited to the various embodiments described and may include variant embodiments. It is in particular possible to transfer the film to the desired color, by dipping this film in a color toning product. We then obtain, not a black and white slide, but a slide entirely colored in a specific color, for example blue, green, red, etc., with different shades on this monochrome background.

Claims (13)

1 - Photographic process for producing drawings on a support covered with a photographic emulsion, in particular drawn slides, characterized in that the following successive operations are carried out: - on the chosen support, of suitable format, the drawing is carried out with a brush or a pen, forming a mask of indelible material resistant to photographic products such as developer and fixer, - the drawn support is dipped in a developer. - it is rinsed, it is soaked in a fixer and a new rinsing is carried out, - parts of indelible material in relief are removed from the support using an appropriate product, - soak in the developer, rinse, soak in the fixer, and rinse again to develop the graphics that were located under the mask. 2 - Photographic process according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the first development, an indelible material is covered with a selected part of the developed background, the remaining surface is treated with a bleaching product in order to expel the emulsion, then extracts the parts of the indelible material in relief, soak in the developer, rinse, soak in the fixative and rinse again, after which we obtain a drawing in three different shades, for example a white background corresponding to the part not covered with indelible material, a gray tint corresponding to the aforementioned chosen part of the developed background, and a black tint corresponding to the first drawing executed with the indelible material. 3 - Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the black and white or colored design obtained at the end of the treatment and development process is covered with a layer of indelible material, with the exception of a specific area you want to color, you dip the emulsion designed and developed in a color toning product, rubbing to remove the layer of material and obtaining a drawing in which the aforementioned area is colored. 4 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting support is a web of veiled film. 5 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting medium is a photographic paper. 6 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting support is a sheet of plastic material optionally colored, or a metal support. 7 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the indelible material is a varnish resistant to bleach and photographic development products. 8 - Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the indelible material is one of the products of the following group: liquid latex, cellulosic glue removing with ether, fatty chalks, wax, instant carry letters, adhesives. 9 - Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the product used to remove the indelible relief material is one of the following products: petrol, trichlorethylene, ether, acetone. 10 - Industrial product consisting of a support coated with a photographic emulsion and on which a drawing has been made, obtained by implementing the method according to claim 1. 11 - Industrial product consisting of a support coated with a photographic emulsion and on which a drawing has been produced, obtained by implementing the method according to claim 2. 12 - Industrial product consisting of a support coated with a photographic emulsion and on which a drawing has been made, obtained by implementing the method according to claim 3. 13 - Device for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in combination: a box which contains supports coated with a photographic emulsion, such as veiled films and sheets of photo paper, an indelible material such as a varnish or a liquid latex resistant to photographic products, intended to execute drawings on the aforementioned supports, means for spreading the indelible material on the support, a photographic fixer and developer with possibly corresponding trays, and a suitable product such as trichlorethylene for removing the material indelible deposited on the support.

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