EA042198B1 - METHOD AND TRACKING MACHINE FOR PROCESSING RAILWAY GROUND - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method for processing rail track rubble using a track machine, which includes a lifting unit with holding rollers for holding a rail grid formed by rails and sleepers, and with lift drives for lifting the rail grid and a measuring system for comparison with a given position of the rail track , while the lifting unit is subjected to vibrations with the help of a vibration generator and the vibrations are transmitted to the railway grate. The invention also relates to a corresponding track machine.

State of the art

From the publication WO 2017/092840 A1, a tamping machine is known, which has a lifting unit subjected to vibration by means of a vibration exciter. The machine is designed to perform a method in which the rail track is processed in two working passes. During the first working run, the rail track is raised with the help of a lifting and leveling unit in the usual way to a given level and knocked out with the help of a sleeper tamping unit. During this lifting and leveling process, the vibration exciter of the lifting and leveling unit turns off. During the subsequent working pass, the tamping machine passes once again along the same section of the track. In this case, the vibration exciter is activated and the lifting and leveling unit is used as a stabilizing unit.

Brief description of the invention

The claimed invention is based on the task of improving the processing of a rail track using a lifting unit of the specified type. At the same time, an optimal track machine is proposed for performing an improved method.

In accordance with the claimed method, these tasks are solved due to the features of claims. 1 and 7 of the claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

In this case, the hoisting unit is controlled by the control device in such a way that during the hoisting process the hoisting unit is subjected to vibration and the rail grate is first raised above the predetermined position and then lowered to the predetermined position. In the area of action of the lifting unit, hollow spaces first appear under the sleepers when lifting. These hollow spaces are already filled with crushed stone during the lifting process, because the vibrations transmitted to the rail grating bring the crushed stone into a fluid state. In particular, crushed stone grains located next to the sleepers and on them begin to move and move down into the formed hollow spaces. Such combined lifting and vibrating movements are carried out until the predetermined position of the railway grating is exceeded so that enough crushed stone falls under the sleepers. To achieve the desired position, the vibrating unit is then pressed down. The crushed stone that has fallen into the hollow spaces is compacted and forms a stable layer for the sleepers. Advantageously, horizontal vibrations are generated in the transverse direction of the rail track onto the rail grate in order to achieve effective compaction of the crushed stone. With the help of the claimed method, the lifting of the railway grid can be carried out in a simple way, while simultaneously stabilizing the position of the rail track.

In an improved embodiment of the method, the lifting process is interrupted at least once by lowering the vibrating lifting unit. In this case, the crushed stone already under the sleepers is pre-compacted. This procedure increases the volume of the hollow space under the sleepers as the lifting process continues, so that more rubble gets under the sleepers during the overall lifting process.

In another embodiment of the method, it is provided that the lifting unit includes straightening drives, with which the railway grating is straightened, and that the vibration of the lifting unit is reduced during the straightening process. The lifting unit performs in this embodiment of the invention the function of a lifting and leveling unit. During lifting and lowering movements, the harmful feedback effects of the vibrating machine on the machine frame can be ignored, because the height-adjustable drives located at the height dampen the vibrations. The situation is different with the leveling movement performed in the transverse direction of the track. When the leveling drives are activated, the hoisting unit cannot swivel freely in the transverse direction of the rail track, because leveling forces act between the hoisting unit and the machine frame. Harmful transmission of vibration to the machine frame is prevented, while vibration of the lifting unit is reduced. Ideally, there is a complete shutdown of vibrations at the time when the leveling drives are activated.

In another preferred embodiment of the method, crushed stone is applied to the railway grate during the previous working pass. This is done either with the same track machine or with another machine, such as a gravel plow. In particular, the crushed stone previously laid on the sleepers is set in motion by the transmitted vibrations and fills the depressions and hollow spaces that occur during the lifting process. Thus, for the filling process, the incoming crushed stone is sufficient to achieve large filling values using the proposed method.

In this case, it turns out to be advantageous if new or cleaned crushed stone is applied to the railway grate. High quality crushed stone is initially very mobile and the placement of crushed stone grains subject to vibration is improved. After densification, however, a very stable structure is obtained, which is not deteriorated by dirt or abrasion. In this way, the desired high resistance to transverse displacement of the sleepers laid in crushed stone is achieved.

In another improved embodiment of the method, it is provided that in the subsequent working process, the sleepers of the railway grid are tamped with the help of a tamping unit. The pre-compacted crushed stone is applied by means of a lifting unit subjected to vibration by the tamping unit even more effectively under the corresponding sleeper. At the same time, the lifting unit holds the railway grate in a given position. Thanks to the pre-compaction of crushed stone, a better compaction is achieved in comparison with the conventional tamping method with shorter tamping cycles.

The claimed track machine for processing crushed stone of the rail track includes a lifting unit with holding rollers for holding the railroad grate, as well as with lifting drives for lifting the railroad grate, while the lifting unit is connected to a vibration generator. The machine includes a measuring system to compare the level of elevation during the lifting process with a given track position. In this case, a control device is also located, which is installed to switch on the lifting unit according to the described method. This new control of the lifting unit makes it possible to compact or pre-compact the crushed stone already during the lifting process.

It advantageously includes a vibration generator, an actuating device for adjusting the impact force exerted by the lifting unit on the railway grid. Thus, the vibration transmitted to the rail grate can be adjusted to the desired requirements. In particular, during straightening, it is advantageous to reduce the transmitted vibration in order to reduce the impact force. In this case, an adjustable impact force is useful for the controlled lowering of the railway grid. At the same time, with an equal load, a stronger impact force leads to a faster lowering.

In another improved embodiment of the invention, the tamping unit is located on the machine frame or on the satellite frame behind the lifting unit relative to the direction of the working movement. Thus, it is possible to perform multi-stage tamping in one working pass, while the lifting unit performs preliminary tamping and the tamping unit performs additional tamping.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a stabilization unit is installed behind the lifting unit relative to the working direction of travel. This combination is preferred for laying new tracks or after clearing gravel. The rail track is lifted by means of a measuring system and a vibrating lifting unit to the desired target position and pre-compacted. Then the crushed stone is finally compacted with the help of a stabilization unit. Thanks to this layer-by-layer compaction and simultaneous adjustment of the position of the rail track, free movement of the track machine up to a given permitted speed is possible without the use of a sleeper tamping unit.

Brief description of the drawings

The claimed invention is explained below in more detail on examples of its implementation with reference to the drawings. The drawings show schematically:

in fig. 1 shows a track machine with a lifting unit and a sleeper tamping unit;

in fig. 2 shows a track machine with a lifting unit and a stabilization unit;

in fig. 3 shows a track machine with a satellite frame;

in fig. 4 shows a railway grate with crushed stone in a longitudinal section;

in fig. 5 shows a railroad grate according to FIG. 4 during the lifting of the rail track;

in fig. 6 shows a railroad grate according to FIG. 4 during the lowering of the track;

in fig. 7 shows the movement process during the lifting process. Description of embodiments of the invention.

The track machine 1 includes a machine frame 2, which, located on rail running gears 3, can move along the rail track 4. The rail track 4 is rails on crushed stone, in which sleepers 6 located on crushed stone 5 and rails 7 connected to them form railroad grate 8. In relation to the working direction of travel 9 is located behind the lifting unit 10 tamping unit 11. The measuring system 12 includes, for example, three measuring carts that register the position of the rail track during its processing relative to the base system 14. As the base system 14 either mechanical strained measuring cables or optical devices are used.

The mechanical measuring system 12 includes two leveling cables (one for each rail) and a straightening cable. The cables are stretched between both outer measuring carts 13 and the measuring receiver 15 is located on the middle measuring cart. The claimed invention uses a measuring system 12 to raise a railroad grate 8 by means of a vibrating lifting unit 10 to a desired level.

In accordance with the claimed invention, it includes a lifting unit 10 with a vibration generator 16. This vibration generator is designed in such a way that the lifting unit 10, when the vibration generator is activated, is subjected to horizontal vibrations in the transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the machine. For example, two rotating unbalances are placed, the impact forces of which are amplified in the horizontal direction and lift in the vertical direction. In this case, it proves expedient if the resulting impact force can be controlled. To this end, either at least four unbalances with mutually adjustable phase positions or unbalances with a correspondingly adjustable eccentricity of the center of gravity of the mass are provided. Thanks to the adjustable impact force, the vibration of the lifting unit 10 is adjusted to the optimal setpoints without delay.

To lift the railway grate 8 includes a lifting unit 10 holding rollers 17, which, when used, capture the rail heads and roll along the rails 7. As holding rollers 17, flanged rollers and rollers located on roller grippers are used. Flanged rollers are pressed against the inner edges of the rails by means of telescopic axles. Roller grippers cover the rail heads from the outside.

With the help of retaining rollers 17, all movements of the lifting unit 10 are transmitted to the held railway grate 8. To raise and lower the railway grate 8 includes a lifting unit 10, lifting drives 18, which are connected to the machine frame 2 and can perform lateral pendulum movements. Due to this, the horizontal vibrations of the lifting unit 10 are not transmitted to the machine frame 2.

Advantageously, the lifting unit 10 also performs the function of leveling the track. In this case, the track 4 is positioned laterally in the desired predetermined position. The leveling drives 19 required for this, when switched on, cause a lateral displacement of the lifting unit relative to the machine frame 2. During the straightening process, a lateral transmission of force between the lifting unit 10 and the machine frame 2 takes place. 2, the vibration generator 16 is deactivated during the straightening process. It is also sufficient to reduce the impact force by controlling the vibration-producing imbalances.

The lifting unit 10 is switched on by means of a control device 20. In this control unit 20, a switch-on process control unit for the lifting unit 10 is installed. 4. The balancing of the temporary position of the railway grid 8 during the lifting process with the given position of the rail track occurs with the help of the measuring system 12.

Fig. 2 and 3 show other preferred embodiments of the track machine 1, with which the method according to the invention can be carried out optimally. In FIG. 2 is located in the working direction 9 behind the lifting unit 10, the stabilization unit 21. Thus, continuous processing of the rail track takes place. After lifting the track with the lifting unit 10, the track 4 is stabilized with the help of the stabilization unit 21.

Shown in FIG. 3 way machine 1 is designed as a continuously operating sleeper tamping machine. In this case, the machine 1 moves continuously along the track 4. The satellite 22, together with the lifting unit 10 and the tamping unit 11, moves cyclically forward and backward relative to the machine frame 2 in order to place the tamping unit 11 for the tamping process above the corresponding sleeper 6.

The principle of operation of the lifting unit 10 is illustrated by the example of FIG. 4-7. First, the railway grate 8 is covered with crushed stone 5 (Fig. 4). For example, crushed stone 5 is moved from one side flank in the direction of rails 7 with the help of a crushed stone plow. During the movement of the machine, a railway grate 8 is lifted by means of a vibrating lifting unit 10, while the vibrations are transmitted to crushed stone 5. Starting from a vibration frequency of 30 Hz, the vibrating gravel 5 behaves in the same way as the fluid medium. As a result of this, the hollow spaces that form under the sleepers during the process of raising the track are also filled with crushed stone grains in motion (Fig. 5).

The final backward movement of the lifting unit 10 subjected to vibration causes compaction of the crushed stone 5 moving under the sleeper 6 (Fig. 6). Compared to a conventional stabilization unit 21, a small impact force is sufficient. In the vibration generator 16, as a result, smaller imbalances are provided than in the case of the stabilization unit 21. Both in the case of the lifting process and when moving backward, the vibration frequency is optimal in the range from 35 to 50 Hz.

The claimed invention relates to several working methods with or without the use of a tamping unit 11. When using the lifting unit 10 as a lifting unit during the tamping process, the following method steps are used. Before starting work, the lifting unit 10 is lowered onto the rail track 4. With the help of telescopic axles, the flanged rollers are pressed from each other, and the roller grippers are pressed against the rails 7. After that, the vibration generator 16 and the lifting unit 10 are activated, as well as the held railway grate begin to vibrate. In this case, the lifting unit 10 is kept initially in its position by means of the measuring system 12 in order to avoid involuntary lowering of the track 4.

During the forward movement of the track machine 1, the lifting unit 10 is raised several times together with the railroad grate held and lowered. This pulsating lifting movement is carried out by means of the lifting drives 18, whereby the measuring system 12 constantly compares the instantaneous position of the track with the desired position of the track.

In FIG. 7 shows the level change (solid line c) of the railway grid 8 during the lifting process in the vertical direction z during the time t. During the duration d of the lifting process, the railway grate 8 must rise from the initial position a with the value of the rise h to the given level b. The predetermined level b corresponds to the predetermined position of the track 4 in the vertical position z. With further forward movement of the machine 1, the lifting unit 10 follows the railway grate being raised and, starting from the initial position a, a new lifting process begins.

In the presented example, the rise of the rail track is divided into three parts. In each part of the rise, the railway grid 8 first exceeds the linear value of the rise (dashed line c). For example, a corresponding excess value is entered into the control device 20. The purpose of this excess is to accommodate a sufficient amount of crushed stone under the raised sleepers 6. It is advantageous if the amount of excess elevation can be adjusted to match the properties of the crushed stone and achieve the desired overall lift.

The lifting process is interrupted in any section as a result of the lowering of the vibrating lifting unit 10. In this case, a decrease in the level corresponding to the linear rise of the rail track (dashed line e) can be provided for in the first sections. This strengthens the intermediate compaction of crushed stone 5 and increases the filling of hollow spaces during the subsequent lifting of the railway grid. By means of the hoist drives 18, the load with which the hoist unit 10 acts on the railway grate 8 during the lowering phase can be controlled. The load, impact force and vibration frequency of the lifting unit 10, as well as the duration of lowering, determine the compaction of crushed stone 5 under the sleepers. Coordination of these parameters leads to the optimization of the respective compaction process depending on the properties of the crushed stone.

At least in the last section of the lifting process, the railway grate 8 rises above a given level b, followed by lowering to a given level. This is due to the constantly performed compensation by means of the measuring system 12. In the simplest case, a straight line is set as the target position for each rail in order to compensate for the relative error in the position of the track. Improved track position correction is performed using a given absolute track position. For this purpose, before processing the track, the actual position of the track is measured in relation to the given fixed points. After that, taking into account various predefined data and boundary conditions, the optimal position of the rail track is created when it is restored.

During the actual tamping process, the lifting unit 10 holds the rail grate 8 with the help of the measuring system 12 in a predetermined position. In this case, the already pre-compacted crushed stone 5 can be placed even more effectively under the sleepers 6 with the help of the tamping unit 11 and further compacted there. Due to the pre-compaction of the crushed stone 5, fewer tamping cycles are necessary compared to traditional tamping of sleepers in order to achieve the desired compaction density. In addition, the combined compaction processes with the lifting unit 10 and the tamping unit 11 lead to better compaction results.

With the help of the claimed invention, it is possible, in particular, when laying a new track or after cleaning the crushed stone, to raise the track without the use of a tamping unit 11. Such embodiments of the method are offered for machines used for cleaning crushed stone, and for track repair machines. Compensation with set track position also

- 4 042198 in this case is performed using the measuring system 12.

The lifting unit 10 is lowered at the beginning of work onto the rail track 4. Using the holding rollers 17, the lifting unit 10 is connected to the railway grid 8. The activated vibration generator 16 excites vibrations in the lifting unit 10 and in the held railroad grid 8, while using the measuring system 12 undesirable lowering is prevented. As soon as the track machine 1 begins to move in the working direction 9, the lifting unit 10 begins to pulsate up and down. In this case, as indicated above, the process of lifting movement is interrupted by the phases of lowering. The result of this is a process in which the rising phases are constantly replaced by the falling phases. During the lifting phases, hollow spaces appearing under the sleepers 6 are filled with crushed stone 5. In this case, an overestimated rise of the railway grate 8 occurs. During the lowering phases, the crushed stone 5 falling under the sleepers 6 is compacted. Thus, the rail track 4 rises to a predetermined position due to compensation using the measuring system 12.

The pulsating movement up and down is consistent with the properties of the rubble and the desired lift. At the same time, the relevant parameters are set, such as lifting force, impact force, vibration frequency and the load of the operating personnel. Preliminary adjustments for these parameters can also be entered into the control device 20.

This may be accompanied by a straightening of the rail track 20. In this case, the lifting unit 10 may be subjected to vibrations, for example, from 1.5 to 2 m, in order to carry out a lateral movement of the railroad grate 8 with the help of straightening drives 19.

At the next working stage, the stabilization unit 21 starts to work. For this purpose, several units 10, 21 can be placed on the track machine 1, as shown in FIG. 2. Preferably, the stabilization unit 21 is driven with an adjustable impact force. Then, using the measuring system 12, the impact force of the stabilization unit 21 is controlled in such a way that all possible errors in the location of the track in height along its entire length are smoothed out. Such errors in the location of the rail track in height along its entire length occur in exceptional cases as a result of the pulsating movement up and down the lifting unit 10. In this case, the crushed stone 5 is additionally compacted with the help of the stabilization unit 21, as a result of which the position of the rail track of higher quality is obtained.

Using the described method, layer-by-layer compaction of crushed stone and restoration of the geometry of the rail track to free the passage of vehicles to the desired speed can be performed without the use of a sleeper tamping unit 11. In this case, the final working step is carried out by processing with a tamping machine.

Claims (9)

CLAIM 1. Method for processing rail track (4) crushed stone using a track machine (1), which includes a lifting unit (10) with holding rollers (17) to hold the railway grid (8) formed by rails (7) and sleepers (6 ), and with lifting drives (18) for lifting the railway grate (8) and a measuring system (12) for comparing the given position of the rail track (4), while the lifting unit (10) is subjected to vibration using a vibration generator (16) and vibration is transmitted to the railway grate, characterized in that the lifting unit (10) is controlled by means of the control device (20) in such a way that when it is raised, the lifting unit (10) is subjected to vibration and the railway grate (8) is first raised above a predetermined position and then lowered to the level of the given position. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting process is interrupted at least once by lowering the vibrating lifting unit (10). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lifting unit (10) includes straightening drives (19), with the help of which the railway grate (8) is straightened and that during the straightening process, the vibration of the lifting unit (10) is reduced . 4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that crushed stone (5) is applied to the railway grate (8) during the ongoing work process. - 5 042198, characterized in that the vibration generator (16) includes an installation device for setting the impact force acting from the lifting unit (10) on the railway grate (8). 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that new or cleaned crushed stone (5) is applied to the railway grate (8). 6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that during the next working step, the sleepers (6) of the railway grid (8) are knocked out using a sleeper tamping unit (11). 7. Track machine (1) for the implementation of the method of processing crushed stone of the rail track (4) according to claims 1-6, including a lifting unit (10) with holding rollers (17) to hold the railroad grate (8) and with lifting drives ( 18) for lifting the railway grid (8) and a measuring system (12) for measuring the given position of the rail track (4), while the lifting unit (10) is connected to the vibration generator (16), 8. The track machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that on the machine frame (2) or on the satellite frame, the tamping unit (11) is located behind the direction of the working movement (9) of the lifting unit (10). 9. Track machine (1) according to one of claims 7, 8, characterized in that a stabilization unit (21) is located behind the lifting unit (10) relative to the direction of movement (9).