EA030969B1 - Mixer-disperser - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to devices for stirring and dispersing solid loose materials, and for mixing them with liquids, i.e., for preparation of disperse systems in the form of mixtures, emulsions and suspensions. The invention can be used in chemical industry, in production of building materials, and for preparation of fodders easily digestible by animals in livestock breeding. In the proposed mixer-disperser comprising a container the inner space of which is formed by a revolution surface, including a flat horizontal bottom, a wall and a bottom-to-wall transfer element, and a vertically disposed shaft provided with a rotation drive and having paddle attachments for dispersing and moving materials in tangential, radial and axial directions arranged in tiers along the shaft rotation axis, at least attachments of four types are mounted in at least four tiers. An attachment of the first (lowest) tier is disposed at a minimum distance from the bottom and serves for material dispersing and moving in the inner space of the container in tangential and radial directions. It performs primarily the function of protecting the zone of the shaft-to-container-body joint against ingress of the material being dispersed into said zone, said material having a destructive abrasive effect on bearings on which the shaft rotates. In the second tier, an attachment is mounted for material dispersing and moving in tangential, radial and axial upward directions. In the third tier, an attachment for material dispersing and moving, in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis, in tangential, radial and axial downward directions, and in the zone adjacent to the container inner space surface, in tangential, radial and axial upward directions. The fourth and further tiers may have one or a plurality of attachments for material dispersing and moving in tangential and downward axial directions. Embodiments of all four attachment types are proposed. Examples of designs of the main device elements and tried and tested recommendations for the rational device layout and selection of geometrical parameters of attachments are presented. Use of the device according to the invention makes it possible to lower the cost of the final product and to widen the list of processed materials, i.e., the area of application of the mixer-disperser.

Description

The invention relates to devices for mixing and dispersing solid bulk materials, as well as their mixing with liquids, i.e. for the preparation of dispersed systems in the form of mixtures, emulsions and suspensions. The invention can be used in the chemical industry and the production of building materials, as well as for the preparation of easily digestible animal feed in animal husbandry. In the proposed mixer-disperser containing a container, the cavity of which is formed by a surface of rotation consisting of a flat horizontal bottom, a wall and a transition element from the bottom to the wall, and a vertically positioned shaft with a rotating drive with vane nozzles for dispersing and moving the material in a tangential, radial and axial directions, arranged in tiers along the axis of rotation of the shaft, are installed in at least four tiers of the nozzle of four types. The nozzle of the first (lower) tier is located at a minimum distance from the bottom, used to disperse the material and move it in the cavity of the tank in the tangential and radial directions. It mainly performs the function of protecting the joint area of the shaft with the container body from falling into this zone of dispersible material, which has a destructive abrasive effect on the bearings in which the shaft rotates. In the second tier, a nozzle is installed to disperse the material and move it in tangential, radial and axial up directions. In the third tier, a nozzle is installed to disperse the material and move it in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis - in tangential, radial and axial down directions, and in the zone adjacent to the surface of the reservoir cavity - in tangential, radial and axial up directions. In the fourth and subsequent tiers, one or several nozzles can be installed to disperse the material and move it in tangential and axial down directions. Variants of the specific design of all four types of nozzles are proposed. Examples of the structural design of the basic elements of the device and approved in practice recommendations for its rational layout and selection of the geometrical parameters of the nozzles are given. The use of the proposed device allows to reduce the cost of the finished product and expand the list of recyclable materials, i.e. application scope of the disperser

030969 Bl

The invention relates to devices for mixing and dispersing solid bulk materials, as well as their mixing with liquids, i.e. for the preparation of dispersed systems in the form of mixtures, emulsions and suspensions. The invention can be used in the chemical industry and the production of building materials, as well as for the preparation of easily digestible animal feed in animal husbandry.

Known devices, for example [1-6], for the preparation of mixtures of bulk and liquid materials (mixers) by intensive mixing of the components of the mixture in a closed volume (in the cavity of the tank) using rotary (usually paddle) nozzles installed inside the tank on a rotating shaft .

These devices ensure the homogenization of the mixture, i.e. the constancy of its composition and physicomechanical properties (density, viscosity, etc.) in the volume, at the macroscopic level, but not effective enough in preparing fine mixtures, which require additional dispersion (fine grinding) of components at the microscopic level.

Also known rotary vane devices (in particular, [7-9]) for simultaneous mixing and dispersion of the components of the mixture.

In these devices, additional dispersion is provided by optimizing the parameters of the mixing mode, namely:

1) streamlining the movement of the material during processing by directing material flows in various zones of the mixer tank cavity in the right directions, optimal from the point of view of minimizing the resistance to material movement and the distance traveled by the material in laminar flow mode, without disturbing the blades. This reduces the energy loss of the movement of the material and its friction on the surface of the cavity capacity, which allows to increase the proportion of energy directed directly to the dispersion;

2) increase of internal friction between dispersed particles by the opposite direction of the material flow and increasing the intensity of force interaction between the material and the working surfaces of the blade nozzles due to a sharp change in the direction of the material.

In the device [7], the dispersed material is circulated along a closed contour with the direction of one part of the material adjacent to the shaft downward, and the second part of the material adjacent to the lateral surface of the cavity of the container upwards. In this case, the material located in the upper and lower parts of the cavity of the container moves horizontally in the direction of the shaft and the lateral surface of the cavity of the container, respectively.

In addition, in the specified device bladed nozzles of the upper and lower tiers of the material flow is directed towards each other (vertically), providing intensive dispersion of the material in the zone of interaction of opposing streams.

In the device [8], similarly to [7], the material is circulated in the container cavity along a closed trajectory and, moreover, intensive dispersion zones are created in which the flow direction of the material flow (from horizontal to vertical) and interaction occurs at high speed of particles of dispersible material with special elements installed on the ends of the nozzle vanes as far as possible from the axis of rotation — pairs of radial plates whose planes are angled to the mountains izontu.

A common drawback of the known devices for mixing and dispersing the material is the presence in the working cavities of their tanks zones of low-intensity dispersion and zones of intense friction of the material on the surface of the cavity of the container. For example, in a mixer for dispersing [8], a low-intensity dispersion zone is located above the nozzle of the upper tier (in this zone the material flow directed by pairs of end plates of the nozzle blades of the upper tier upwards, moves by inertia in the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft) the surface of the cavity of the container is the area of the bottom of the container (the flow of material directed downward by the nozzle blades hits the bottom of the cavity of the container).

As a result, effective dispersion does not occur in the entire working volume of the mixer, which causes an increase in the duration of obtaining material of the required dispersion and a decrease in the performance of known devices. The presence of zones of intense friction of the material on the inner surface of the cavity of the container leads to an increase in the cost of energy required to implement the process of dispersion, which reduces the technical and economic efficiency of known devices.

More perfect in comparison with the previously mentioned devices-analogues [1-8] is the mixer [9]. It contains a container, the cavity of which is formed by a rotational surface consisting of a flat horizontal bottom, a wall and a transition element from the bottom to the wall (hereinafter referred to as a transition element), and a vertically positioned shaft with a rotational drive, on which, along the axis of rotation, tied blades for dispersing material and its movement in tangential, radial and axial directions. In this mixer, the inner surface (cavity) of the tank has a bottom in the shape of a circle, a wall in the shape of a vertical circular cylinder and a transition element in the shape of a truncated cone, facing upward. Bladed tips mounted on the shaft in two tiers. In this case, the nozzle of the lower tier is located at the level of the middle part of the element

- 1 030969 stroke and is designed to disperse the material and its movement in the tangential and radial directions and in the axial direction up, and the nozzle of the upper tier is located at the bottom of the wall and serves to disperse the material and move it in the axial direction down. The drive shaft rotation is located under the bottom of the tank, i.e. the shaft passes through the bottom of the tank down.

In the contact zone of the rotating shaft with a fixed bottom of the tank, obviously (in the drawing presented in the description of the prototype, this is not reflected), sealing elements are installed that prevent leakage of the material being dispersed from the tank (i.e., ensuring the tightness of the tank).

This device works as follows. A shaft with nozzles rotating in the medium filling the cavity of the material container creates directional flows of this material. The flow formed by the nozzle of the lower tier moves in tangential (perpendicular to the radii of rotation of the blades of the nozzle) and radial (coinciding with the directions of the radius of rotation of the blade of the nozzle and the centrifugal force that occurs when the flow moves shaft) upwards. The movement of the flow of material in the axial direction up due to the location of the flat blades of the nozzle of the lower tier at an angle to the horizon and the placement of the lower end parts of the plates front in the direction of rotation of the nozzle.

The flow created by the nozzle of the upper tier, moves in the axial direction downward due to the mirror (relative to the blades of the nozzle of the lower tier) arrangement of the blades and the placement of these blades inside the cylindrical shell (sleeve). In the junction of the transition element with the wall located at the node level, the contact zone of oncoming flows created by the nozzles of the lower and upper tiers, there is an intense dispersion of the material and its extrusion in the horizontal direction, i.e. in the direction of the junction of the transition element with the wall. While hitting the wall, the material flow is subjected to additional dispersion as a result of friction on the indicated surfaces and a change in the direction of movement from horizontal to vertical upwards. Moving up, the flow of material enters the zone of impact of the nozzle of the upper tier, sucking the material into the sleeve of this nozzle and again directing the flow of material axially downward, opposite the flow created by the nozzle of the lower tier. Thus, in the considered mixer [9] the material is circulated in a closed loop and four zones of intensive dispersion are created: two zones - directly on the lower and upper tiers, the third zone - in the interaction of opposite axial material flows and the fourth zone - in the interaction of horizontal flow material with a wall surface of the container. The presence in the considered mixer of the organized circulation of the material and a sufficient number of zones of its dispersion is an undoubted advantage of this device.

However, this device has several disadvantages. First, a considerable portion of the trajectory (about _{^1/3 of} its length) directed the circulation flow moves the laminar material and is not subject to dispersion. This is the area from the zone of interaction of the horizontal flow with the vessel wall to the entrance of the flow into the cavity of the nozzle sleeve of the upper tier.

The second disadvantage of this device is the formation during its work of a zone of intense friction of horizontal material flow against the surface of the wall of the container cavity. On the one hand, friction contributes to the dispersion of the material (which is a positive factor), but, on the other hand, two negative effects inevitably manifest themselves. First, in the process of friction, part of the energy of the stream, given to it by the mixer nozzles, is irreversibly dissipated as heat through the wall of the container into the environment. Thereby increasing energy costs for the preparation of a portion of the mixture and reduced technical and economic indicators of the device. Secondly, friction of the dispersible material (which, as a rule, is an abrasive) against the wall of the container cavity inevitably leads to abrasion of the wall material and its thinning. Over time, this can lead to a fistula in the wall, i.e. to the exit of the mixer down. This reduces its reliability (durability).

The third drawback of the device [9] is the possibility of free penetration of the dispersible material into the zone of contact of the rotating shaft with the fixed bottom of the mixer tank. Particles of the material inevitably have an abrasive effect on the sealing elements installed in the specified zone, causing their accelerated wear and failure. In this case, the material being dispersed may leak from the container through the formed leakages (depressurization of the container), which is unacceptable during the operation of the mixer. This reduces the reliability (durability.) Of the device, increases the downtime of the mixer under repair and the cost of maintaining it in a technically sound condition.

Also known devices for the preparation of mixtures of various substances (colloidal solutions and cement building materials), described in [10] and [11]. These devices are almost identical in terms of the composition of the elements and the principle of operation and differ only in the design of the elements and the principles of their arrangement.

- 2 030969

The closest analogue of the claimed invention to the technical essence and the achieved positive result is the device [10] for obtaining a cement construction material containing a container, the cavity of which is formed by a surface of revolution consisting of interconnected nodes of a flat horizontal bottom, wall and transition element from the bottom to a wall and a vertically located shaft fitted with a rotational drive, on which tiers are mounted vertically at various levels along the axis of rotation and lobed nozzle for dispersing the material and its movement in the tangential, radial and axial directions.

The bottom of the cavity of the tank has the shape of a circle, and the wall of the tank is made in the shape of a vertical cylinder. The transition element from the bottom to the wall (hereinafter referred to as the transition element) is made of two, installed one above the other, truncated cones, facing vertices downwards, to the bottom. In the upper part of the vessel, a lid is mounted in the form of a circle in which there are openings for inserting a mixture prepared by the device into the cavity of the container of components. An outlet with a valve is provided in the lower part of the transition element, which serves to extract the finished material from the cavity of the container obtained by processing (dispersing and mixing) the initial components with rotating nozzles of the device. Flat vertical plates of the partition (hereinafter - partitions), protruding into the cavity of the vessel in the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft, are uniformly distributed around the perimeters of their cross sections and attached to the wall and the transition element. These plates are placed in two tiers with a gap in the lower part of the cavity cavity wall.

At the level of the bottom with a gap in relation to it, normalized by the claims, a nozzle of the first tier is installed on the shaft to disperse the material and move it in tangential and radial directions, made in the form of an impeller and having blades in the form of flat vertical plates arranged evenly around the circumference radially, i.e. so that the planes of each of these plates are oriented along the radius of rotation corresponding to this plate. A nozzle of the second tier for dispersing the material and moving it in tangential, radial and axial down directions and a nozzle of the third tier for dispersing the material and its moving in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis, in tangential, radial and axial down, and in the zone adjacent to the surface of the cavity of the container, in tangential, radial and axial up directions. While the nozzle of the second tier is installed in the cavity of the tank at the level of the upper part of its transition element and has an outer diameter that is smaller than the internal diameter facing the axis of the shaft of the ends of the partitions by an amount normalized by the formula of this invention. The nozzle of the third tier is placed at the level of the wall of the cavity of the container and has an outer diameter that is less than the diameter of the wall by an amount, also normalized by the claims. This nozzle peripheral parts of the blades, designed to disperse the material and move it in tangential, radial and axial down directions, with the gaps specified by the invention in the vertical gap in the gap between the tiers attached to the transition element and the wall of partitions.

The device prototype works as follows. A shaft with nozzles rotating in the medium filling the cavity of the material container creates directional flows of this material. The flow formed by the nozzle of the lower tier, moves turbulently in the tangential and radial directions. Moving in the tangential and radial directions, the flow of material enters the pockets formed by the lower partitions installed in the zone of the transition element. When in contact with the planes of these partitions, the material flow loses the tangential component of its direction of movement, and this movement becomes laminar and directed radially (along the planes of the partitions) towards the transition element. After contact with the conical surface of the transition element, the flow changes direction and moves along the wall, i.e. in radial and axial up directions. Passing up to the end of the transition element, the material flow completely loses the radial component of the direction of movement and continues to move strictly in the axial upward direction - along the wall of the container cavity, approaching the gap of the partitions, in which the peripheral parts of the third tier vanes are located, intended for dispersing the material and its movement in tangential, radial and axial up directions. Getting under the action of these blades, the flow of material receives a new impulse of energy (acceleration) for turbulent motion in the indicated directions. At the same time, once in the zone of the upper partitions and hitting the surface of the partitions, the flow loses the tangential component of the acceleration, and, hitting the wall surface of the cavity cavity, it loses the radial component of this acceleration. The parts of the energy corresponding to the indicated components of acceleration, upon impact of the flow of material on the indicated surfaces, are transferred to heat, which heats the material and the installation, which processes it. Under the action of the axial component of the acceleration obtained, the material moves laminarly along the wall surface upwards and into the upper part of the cavity of the container, located above the nozzle of the third tier. From this part of the cavity of the container, the nozzle of the third tier constantly selects the material requiring processing and, due to the corresponding design of the blades located in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis, forms a turbulent flow of material moving in tangential, radial and axial down directions. At the same time

- 3 030969 for the nozzle of the third tier, by mechanical action on the material, it is dispersed, and by creating a turbulent flow, mixing of the components of this material and partial homogenization of the prepared mixture.

Under the action of the tangential and radial components of the acceleration obtained from the nozzle of the third tier, a part of the material flow formed by this nozzle moves in the direction of the wall of the container cavity and enters the pockets formed by the partitions of the lower tier. Here, this part of the flow, hitting the surface of the partitions, loses the received energy with the formation of heat and, picked up by the laminar flow of material moving along the wall surface, initially formed by the nozzle of the first tier, begins to move with this flow in the axial direction upwards. The main part of the flow of material formed by the nozzle of the third tier, under the action of the axial component received from the specified nozzle acceleration moves in the axial direction down to the area of the nozzle of the second tier. The blades of this nozzle produce, in principle, the same effect on the material as located in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis; the blades of the nozzle of the third tier - disperse the material and form a turbulent flow of this material moving in tangential, radial and axial down directions. But the energy of a given stream is distributed between the components of its acceleration in a different way: about half falls on tangential and radial accelerations and the same amount on acceleration in the axial direction. This is due to the design of the blades of the nozzle of the second tier, which are made conical and are located relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft at an angle close to 45 °. Due to this, about half of the formed flow moves from the nozzle of the second tier towards the nozzle of the first tier and is processed by this nozzle as described above. The rest of the flow is directed towards the conical surfaces of the transition element and enters the pockets formed by partitions of the lower tier. In these pockets, this part of the material flow interacts with the surfaces of the partitions and with the laminar flow, directed along the conical surfaces of the transition element by the first-tier nozzle, as well as the previously considered (moving under the action of the tangential and radial acceleration components) the stream formed by the third-tier nozzle . As a result, this part of the flow is attached to the laminar flow, formed by the nozzle of the first tier and moving along the surface of the transition element in the direction of the wall of the cavity cavity.

Thus, in the device-prototype, the circulation of the material along a closed contour is ensured and three zones of intensive dispersion are created: two - on the nozzle of the third tier and one each on the nozzles of the first and second tiers. At the same time, the intensification of the dispersion process on the nozzle of the first tier is caused by the impact of the nozzle blades on the material and, additionally, by a sharp (90 °) change in the direction of material flow from vertical (axially downward) to horizontal (tangential and radial). The provision in the prototype device of the organized circulation of material with the presence of four zones of its intensive dispersion is an undoubted advantage of this device. An additional positive quality of the prototype device is that by placing in close proximity to the contact zone of the rotating shaft with a fixed bottom, the nozzle of the first tier, made in the form of an impeller, throws the material in the tangential and radial directions, i.e. from the shaft axis to the side of the transition element, this zone is protected from being hit by the material processed by the device and from abrasive impact that this material can have on the sealing (sealing capacity) elements and bearings in which the shaft rotates.

The design and principle of operation of the prototype device described above allow it to be used to produce high-quality building (cement) mixtures with a high degree of homogeneity (homogeneity) and with the required microstructure, in particular with a minimum content of air bubbles that negatively affect the strength of concrete (which turns cement mixture after curing). And an important role in this process is played by the relatively smooth (almost oval-shaped, with only one sharp change of 90 ° direction of movement) the trajectory of movement of the material flow in the container cavity and the presence on the surfaces of the transition element and the wall of the container cavity two tiers of vertical partitions pockets in which the material being processed moves laminar. It is the provision of such trajectories and the nature of the material movement in the cavity of the container that the design decisions adopted in the device-prototype are subordinated to. The issues related to the dispersion of the material are not relevant for this device, since the raw materials (cement, sand, water) are fed into the cavity of the container with the required degree of dispersion.

For plants in which, along with the homogenization of the mixture, it is necessary to disperse the material, the requirements for the path and nature of the material in the cavity of the tank are significantly different: 180 °) forced turns, i.e. mechanical impact on the material or by exposure to the opposite directional flow of the same material, and the flow of material on this path should be as turbulent as possible, with a minimum number of unperturbed sites

- 4 030969 minar movement. Considering the device-prototype with the given circumstances, we can note the following disadvantages:

1) the trajectory of the flow of material in the cavity of the tank is mostly smooth, has only one sharp (90 °) turn, carried out by the forced action of the blades of the nozzle of the first tier, and has no turns 180 °;

2) about half of this trajectory (3 sections) the material passes in a laminar flow state, without disturbances (turbulence). These are sections of rectilinear (axially upward) movement in pockets formed by partitions of the lower and upper tiers, and curvilinear (changing direction from axial up to axially down) movement along an arc of about 90 ° - from pockets formed by partitions of the upper tier to facing up the surfaces of the blades of the nozzle of the third tier;

3) part of the flow of material under the action of the nozzle of the second tier moves in the axial direction downwards, towards the bottom of the cavity of the container, through which the rotating shaft passes. From the abrasive impact of moving material, the zone of contact of the shaft with the bottom, where the sealing elements and bearings are installed, in which the shaft rotates, protects only the impeller head of the first tier, which discards material in the tangential and radial directions. However, part of the material still inevitably penetrates to the sealing elements and has an abrasive effect on them, leading to the wear of these elements and the need to replace them, i.e. repair installation. To increase the durability of the sealing elements and the reliability of the installation as a whole, it is necessary that the nozzle of the first tier should work as efficiently as possible, i.e. most intensively threw the material from the zone in which the sealing elements are located. From this point of view, the execution of the nozzle of the first tier in the form of an impeller with a radial arrangement of flat vertical blades is not the most successful. In order to achieve the maximum intensity of material movement, this attachment requires improvement;

4) as the practice of operation of mixing and dispersing installations shows, the most vulnerable (requiring periodic repair) node of these devices is the node connecting the shaft to the bottom of the tank. Proceeding from this, it is desirable that all processes associated with the dispersion and homogenization of the material pass as far as possible from this node, i.e. outside the zone of contact of the shaft with the bottom of the cavity of the container. From this point of view, the fact that in the device-prototype a part of the material flow by the nozzle of the second tier is sent exactly to the specified zone, is a disadvantage of the design of this device.

5) the overall layout of the prototype device and the design of its main elements (capacity, nozzles of partitions on the surfaces of the transition element and the wall) is subordinate to the solution of only one task - the qualitative preparation of the cement mixture, which after curing should become concrete. Thus, this device has only one application area - the production of building concrete. The limited scope of application is also a disadvantage of the prototype device.

The objectives of the proposed technical solutions are:

1) increase the performance of mixing and dispersing;

2) improving the energy efficiency and reliability of the device, reducing downtime and costs during its maintenance;

3) expansion of the list of processed materials, i.e. spheres of application of the mixer

These positive technical results are achieved by the fact that in a known mixer, which contains a tank, the cavity of which is formed by a rotation surface consisting of interconnected nodes of a flat horizontal bottom, a wall and a transition element from the bottom to the wall, and a rotary drive fitted with a rotation drive, which along the axis of rotation at various levels along the vertical, tiered nozzles are installed in tiers to disperse the material and move it in tangential, radial and axial directions, and at the level of the bottom is installed with a gap in relation to it a nozzle of the first tier for dispersing the material and moving in the tangential and radial directions, having blades in the form of flat vertical plates, and above it there is a nozzle of the second tier for dispersing the material and its displacements in tangential, radial and one of the axial directions and the attachment of the third tier for dispersing the material and its displacement in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis - in tan According to the invention, each of the nozzle blades of the first tier for dispersing the material and moving it in the tangential and radial directions is located under the direction of the potential, radial and axial down directions, and in the zone adjacent to the surface of the cavity of the container. angle to the radius of rotation, the nozzle of the second tier for dispersing the material and moving it in tangential, radial and axial up directions is set at the level of the lower the part of the transition element from the bottom to the wall, the nozzle of the third tier to disperse the material and move it in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis - in tangential, radial and axial down directions, and in the zone adjacent to the surface of the container cavity - in tangential, radial and axi

- 5 030969 upward directions are installed at the level of the junction of the wall and the transition element from the bottom to the wall, and at the wall level one (or several) nozzle (nozzles) of the fourth (and subsequent) tier (tiers) are additionally installed (material) and its movement in tangential and axial down directions, while the blades of this (data) nozzles (nozzles) are located at an acute angle relative to the axial direction downwards and the blades of the nozzle of the fourth tier pass through free from the blade th intervals nozzles of the third tier in the gap between the nozzles of the second and third tiers.

The listed design improvements are significant, since they allow to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype and give the proposed mixer-disperser new qualities necessary to achieve the desired technical result. These new qualities are as follows.

All the main processes associated with the dispersion and homogenization of the material occur at the levels of the cavity of the container, located above the nozzle of the second tier. Due to this, the zone of contact of the shaft with the bottom of the tank, in which the sealing elements and bearings are mounted, which hold the rotating shaft, is not subjected to the directed influence of the flow of the material being processed. This reduces the intensity of the abrasive effect of the material on the sealing elements, as a result of which the durability of these elements and the bearings protected by them and the reliability of the device as a whole are increased.

The nozzle of the first (lower) tier, installed at the bottom level, additionally protects the zone of contact of the shaft with the bottom of the container from falling into this zone of abrasive material by more intense than the device-prototype, dropping material from the shaft in horizontal (tangential and radial) directions, those. towards the transition element. The increase in the intensity of the process of dropping material from the shaft is achieved by changing the orientation of the blades of the nozzle of the first tier from the radial (as in the prototype device) to the position at a given angle to the radius of rotation. Such a change in the orientation of these blades leads to a change in the ratio between the tangential and radial components of the acceleration imparted to the material being processed by these blades of the first-tier nozzle: the tangential component decreases and the radial increases and thus increases the intensity (speed) of the material in the radial direction, m e. from the shaft towards the transition element.

The nozzles of the second and third tiers, installed respectively at the level of the lower part of the transition element and at the level of the junction of the wall and the transition element, create an additional zone of intensive dispersion due to the interaction of material flows moving towards each other in the axial direction and form moving horizontally in the direction from the shaft to the transition element, the total (total) material flow. In this case, the impact interaction of the total material flow with the surface of the container cavity does not occur, since the material that has not reached the surface is picked up (sucked) by the elements (plates) of the nozzle blades located in the peripheral part of the nozzle of the third tier and is directed axially upwards. Thus, firstly, there is an additional activation of the process of dispersing the material due to a sharp (90 °) change in the direction of its movement by the peripheral parts of the blades of the nozzle of the third tier, and secondly, the intensity of the frictional interaction of the material with the surface of the container cavity decreases, because it enters only that part of the material (about 30% of the total flow) that was not exposed to the elements of the peripheral part of the nozzle blades of the third tier.

The presence in the proposed device of the nozzles of the fourth and subsequent tiers, installed at the level of the cavity cavity wall, allows eliminating the laminar section of the prototype, without dispersing effect, of the material flow and forming an additional zone of intensive dispersion of the material by these nozzles on this section. The nozzles of the proposed design, in addition to the ability to disperse the material effectively, ensure its downward movement in accordance with the required closed path of the material in the cavity of the mixer tank. The shape, size, mutual arrangement of individual elements of each nozzle of the fourth and subsequent tiers, as well as the location of the nozzle of one of the tiers in relation to the nozzles of neighboring tiers are determined on the basis of experimental design work and experimental studies conducted on a prototype device. As a dispersible material, cement and lime building mixtures, mixtures based on phosphogypsum, sawdust and sludge production, as well as fodder agricultural products (corn, oats, barley) used in animal husbandry were tested. The tests have shown that it is the nozzles of the fourth and subsequent tiers in the above described design that effectively perform the main dispersing function, ensuring the high quality of the final product. Operational tests of the prototype showed the ability to disperse the above very viscous materials, which expands the scope of use of the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype.

Thus, in the dispersing mixer, made in accordance with the proposed invention, the dispersible material is circulated along a predetermined trajectory, and this trajectory

- 6 030969 Riya does not capture the zone of contact of the rotating shaft with a fixed bottom of the container, conditions for high-intensity and high-quality dispersion are created on all parts of this trajectory, both due to internal friction of the material particles and due to their interaction with the blade nozzles, areas of high-intensity friction interaction are eliminated material with the surface of the cavity of the container and more efficient protection of the contact zone of the rotating shaft with the fixed bottom of the container from getting into this area has been effected Pipeline material. Thereby, an improvement in the design and improvement of the technical and economic characteristics of the device has been achieved. Therefore, the distinctive features given in claim 1 of the claims, are essential.

The claims of the individual elements of the proposed technical solution given in claims 2 to 13 are optimal from the point of view of achieving a positive technical result - the highest reliability and dispersing ability, minimizing energy consumption. They were used in the construction of the proposed device when testing various variants of a prototype mixer-disperser in operational conditions for the preparation of building and other mixtures.

In particular, the wall of the cavity of the container can be made in the form of a circular cylinder. However, to create the best conditions for the supply of material to the nozzles of the fourth and subsequent tiers, it is advisable to perform the wall of the container cavity in the form of a truncated cone facing upward with the angle of inclination of the cone forming to its axis equal to (10-20) °.

The transition element can be made in the form of a truncated cone which is turned upside down or in the form of a torus. The latter option is preferable, since the toroidal surface makes the transition from the bottom to the wall smooth, which reduces the resistance to movement of the material in the cavity of the container and the energy intensity of dispersion. However, the execution of the transition surface in the form of a torus is more difficult from the point of view of making the structure, i.e. requires additional costs that increase its value.

The nozzle of the first (lower) tier to move the material in the tangential and radial directions should be carried out in the form of an impeller having an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the bottom of the container cavity by (5-10)% and containing a hub mounted on the shaft, on the vertical outer surface of which is fixed blades in the form of flat vertical plates arranged by planes at an angle (30-45) ° to the radii of rotation drawn to the lines of contact of the plates with the hub.

The nozzle of the second tier for dispersing and moving the material in tangential, radial and axial up directions is advisable to perform in the form of a propeller containing, for example, a hub mounted on a shaft, on the vertical outer surface of which there are fixed radial blades in the form of flat plates that are set at an angle -45) ° to the horizon so that the lower sides of these plates are located in the front direction of rotation.

The nozzle of the third tier for dispersing the material and its movement in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis - in the tangential, radial and axial down directions, and in the zone adjacent to the surface of the container cavity - in the tangential, radial and axial up directions it is advisable to perform in the form a double-flow propeller containing, for example, a hub mounted on a shaft, on the vertical outer surface of which there are fixed radial blades, each of which consists of two, interconnected coaxially in the radius nom direction of flat plates which are mounted at an angle (30-45) ° to the horizontal so that the front in the rotational direction from the first plate connected to the hub is located upper side of the plate, while the second plate - downside. The most rational ratio of the lengths in the radial direction of the second and first blades of the blade is ¹ / ^2-1 / 3.

The best possible version of the nozzles of the fourth and subsequent tiers for dispersing and moving the material in tangential and axial down directions contains a flat horizontal base plate mounted on the shaft and two vanes in the form of flat plates having the shape of right triangles the plane of the base plate so that the second leg is the front side in the direction of rotation of the blade, set with respect to the plane of the base plate angle (115-130) ° measured from the side of the plane of the blade facing the shaft, and with respect to the radius of rotation held to the center of the blade fixed to the base plate of the leg, are located so that the angle between the radius and the leg is measured on the side of the second leg of the blade, is (95105) °. This orientation of the blades ensures their location at an acute angle with respect to the axial direction downwards, and these blades are directed towards the nozzle of the third tier.

With this design of the nozzle in the fourth and subsequent tiers, it is advisable to install at least two (and more rationally, three or four) such nozzles. At the same time, a pair of blades of each first of two nozzles of the fourth and subsequent tiers placed in adjacent tiers should be located with respect to a pair of blades of the second nozzle with an angular displacement of 90 ° in the horizontal plane, the optimum distance between the plates of the bases of these

- 7 030969 dock in the axial direction, it is advisable to choose in the range of 0.4-0.6 length of the leg, which is the front side of the blade in the direction of rotation, and the optimum ratio of the length of this leg to the length of the second leg of this blade is ¹ / ^2-1 / 3.

In relation to the nozzle of the third tier, the nozzle of the fourth tier should be positioned so that the lower parts of its blades pass through the nozzles of the third tier free from the blades into the gap between the nozzles of the second and third tiers. The optimal amount of immersion of the lower parts of the blades of the nozzle of the fourth tier into the gap between the nozzles of the second and third tiers is half the gap between the last of these nozzles.

Placed front in the direction of rotation of the end part of the plates that serve as blades and base plates at the nozzles of the second and subsequent tiers, it is advisable to sharpen sections that increase the intensity and quality of dispersion by creating a effect of cutting impact on the particles.

It was established experimentally that the outer diameters of the second and third tier nozzles should be (5-10)% less than the maximum diameters of the cavity cavity surface at the installation levels of these nozzles, and the maximum outer diameter of the fourth and subsequent tiers nozzles - (2040)% less than the maximum diameter cavity capacity at the level of the location of the nozzle of the fourth tier.

The design of the proposed mixer-dispersant and its principle of operation are explained in the drawings.

FIG. 1 and 2 schematically shows a mixer-dispersant for dispersion in axial section with two possible variants of execution of the cavity surface of its container.

FIG. 3 is shown in plan (section A-A in FIG. 1) of the attachment of the first (lower) tier.

FIG. 4 is shown in plan (section along BB in FIG. 1) of the attachment of the second tier.

FIG. 5 shows the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle blade of the second tier (section B-B in FIG. 4).

FIG. 6 is shown in plan (section along GGD in Fig. 1) of the nozzle of the third tier.

FIG. Figures 7 and 8 show the cross-sectional shapes of the plates of the nozzle blade of the third tier (cross-section in D-D and E-E in Fig. 6).

FIG. 9 is shown in the bottom view (section along the LF in Fig. 1) the design of the nozzle of the fourth and subsequent tiers.

FIG. 10 shows the shape of the nozzle blade of the fourth and subsequent tiers (section along the I-I).

FIG. Figure 11 shows the cross-sectional shape of a triangular plate of the nozzle blade of the fourth and subsequent tiers (section K-K in Fig. 10).

FIG. 12 shows the cross-sectional shape of the plate-base of the nozzle blade of the fourth and subsequent tiers (section along LL in Fig. 9)

FIG. Figure 13 shows the mutual arrangement of the nozzle blades of the third and fourth tiers in the plan (section along M-M in Fig. 1).

The proposed mixer-dispersant, as shown in FIG. 1, contains a container 1, which can be made of sheet material, for example steel, and a vertically located shaft 2 placed in the cavity of this container 1, including a driving part 2.1 placed under the container 1 and the working part 2.2 placed in the cavity of the container 1 with rigidly mounted on her blade nozzles 3, 4, 5 and 6 for various purposes and design. These nozzles are located at different levels vertically, for example in 6 tiers along the axis of rotation of the shaft 2. The shaft 2 is mounted for rotation around its own axis in the support 7, located under the tank 1, and is equipped with a rotational drive 8, including, for example, an electric motor 8.1 and Coupling 8.2. The cavity of the container 1 is formed by the sheet material surfaces facing inward of this container and is a surface 9 of rotation consisting of a flat horizontal bottom 9.1 in the shape of a circle, a wall 9.2 and a transition element 9.3 from the bottom 9.1 to the wall 9.2. These components of the surface 9 of the cavity of the container 1 are mated in circles in the joints of sheet material, made, for example, in the form of welding seams. The shapes of the surfaces of wall 9.2 and element 9.3 of the transition from the bottom to the wall can be different. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the wall 9.2 has the shape of a circular cylinder, and the transition element 9.3 has the shape of a truncated cone facing downward. In another (more preferable for the construction under consideration) variant shown in FIG. 2, the wall 9.2 has the shape of a truncated cone which faces upwards and the transition element 9.3 has the shape of a torus.

In the lower part, the tank 1 (see Figs. 1 and 2) contains the node 1.1 of unloading the finished product from it as dispersed material 11. This node 1.1 includes the pipeline 1.1.1 (see Fig. 3) in the form of a horizontal pipe (for example, round (see Fig. 1), square (see Fig. 2) or rectangular section) embedded (for example, by means of a welded joint) with one of the ends into the transition element 9.3 so that the lower edge of the pipe bore is flush (on one level horizontally) with the bottom 9.1 of the cavity of the container 1, as shown in FIG. 2. When using a round cross-section pipe, it is advisable to place the lower edge of its passage through channel somewhat lower (by 0.2-0.3 pipe diameter) to the plane of the bottom 9.1, as shown in FIG. 1. This will enable a more high-quality unloading of the finished product from tank 1 without residue in the node connecting the bottom 9.1 with element 9.3 re

- 8 030969 moves.

The longitudinal axis of the pipe product pipeline 1.1.1 is located at an angle U = (95-140) ° (see Fig. 3) to the radius R drawn from the axis of rotation of the shaft 2 to the exit point of the longitudinal axis of the pipe 1.1.1 into the cavity of the container 1 ( the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the pipe with the surface of the transition element 9.3).

A locking device 1.1.2 is installed at the second end of the pipe 1.1.1. This locking device 1.1.2 can be made, for example, in the form of a valve mechanism with a manual or other (electric, pneumatic) actuator, or in the form of the simplest structures: a removable screw plug (plug) shown in FIG. 3, or gate valves (shown in FIG. 2).

As for connection with the rotation support 7 (see Fig. 1) and the coupling 8 of the rotation drive 8, the shaft 2 passes through the bottom 9.1 of the tank 1, a sealing assembly 10 is provided in the zone of its contact with the bottom 9.1, preventing leakage (or precipitation) to the outside of the tank 1 in the dispersible material located in its cavity 11. The seal assembly 10 is located under the bottom

9.1 cavity capacity 1 and can be performed, for example, in the form of a cylindrical body 10.1, inside of which are placed the sealing elements - cuff 10.2 (two or more), covering the shaft 2 in the zone of its exit from the cavity of the tank 1 and providing tightness capacity.

At the level of the bottom 9.1 of the cavity of the container 1 at a distance from the bottom 5d1 = (0.5-5) mm, the nozzle 3 of the first tier is installed (see Fig. 1) to disperse the material 11 and move it in the tangential and radial directions. The main purpose of this nozzle 3 is to protect the seal assembly 10 against the free penetration of material 11 dispersed in the device under consideration to it. The nozzle 3 is made, for example, in the form of an impeller (see FIG. 3) containing a hub 3.1 mounted on the shaft 2, to a vertical outer the surface (for example, cylindrical) of which the blades 3.2 are attached (for example, 8 blades, as shown in FIG. 3). The blades 3.2 are made in the form of flat vertical plates located at an angle α = (30-15) ° (see Fig. 3) to the radii r _{1 of} rotation, conducted to the contact lines of these plates with the hub 3.1. The outer diameter di of the blades 3.2 (Fig. 3) should be slightly, by (5-10)% less than the diameter of Od one bottom 9.1, d ₁ = (0.9-0.95) xDd.

At the level of the lower part of the transition element 9.3, above the nozzle 3 of the first tier, a nozzle 4 of the second tier is installed to disperse the material 11 and move it in tangential, radial and axial up directions. The distance δ _1-2 (see Fig. 1) between the blades 3.2 and 4.2 of the nozzles 3 and 4 of the first and second tiers is advisable to take the minimum within δ _1-2 = (1-10) mm.

The nozzle 4 of the second tier is made, for example, in the form of a propeller (see Fig. 4 and 5), containing a hub 4.1 mounted on the shaft 2, to the vertical outer surface (for example, of cylindrical shape) of which are attached radial blades 4.2 (for example, 4 blades, as shown in Fig. 4). The blades 4.2 are made in the form of flat plates mounted at an angle β = (30-45) ° (see Fig. 5) to the horizon so that the lower sides of the plates are front in the direction of rotation. The lower end parts of the blades 4.2 located in the forward direction of rotation are sharpened in horizontal sections, as shown in FIG. five.

The outer diameter d ₂ (see Fig. 4) of the blades 4.2 of the nozzle 4 of the second tier is (5-10)% less than the maximum diameter of the _EAF ^{(2) of the} transition element 9.3 at the level of arrangement of these blades 4.2, d2 = (0.9-0 , 95) xDeπ ⁽²⁾ .

At the level of the junction of the wall 9.2 and the transition element 9.3, the nozzle 5 of the third tier is installed (see FIG. 6) to disperse the material 11 and move it in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis 2 in the tangential, radial and down axial directions, and in the zone adjacent to the surface of the transition element 9.3 - in tangential, radial and axial up directions. In this case, one (lower) part of the nozzle 5 is located at the level of the upper part of the transition element 9.3, and the second (upper) part of this nozzle 5 is at the level of the lower part of the wall 9.2.

The nozzle 5 is made, for example, in the form of a double-flow propeller shown in FIG. 6. In this case, it contains a hub 5.1 mounted on the shaft 2, on the vertical outer surface (for example, of a cylindrical shape) of which the radial blades 5.2 are fixed (for example, 4 blades, as shown in FIG. 6). Each of the blades 5.2 consists of two flat plates 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 interconnected coaxially in the radial direction. The ratio of the lengths l ₁ and 1 ₂ (see Fig. 6) in the radial direction of the second 5.2.2 and the first 5.2.1 plates is 1 ₂ : 1 ₁ = 1: 2-1: 3. The plates can be installed at the same angle γ = (30-45) ° (see Fig. 7 and 8) to the horizon, but so that the front in the direction of rotation of the first (connected to the hub 5.1) plate 5.2.1 is the upper side of this plate, and the second plate 5.2.2 - the bottom side. It is also possible to install plates 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 at different angles to the horizon. At the same time, the end parts of the plates 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of the blades 5.2 located at the front in the direction of rotation (at the plate 5.2.1 - the upper end part, and at the plate 5.2.2 - the lower end part) are sharpened with horizontal sections (see Fig. 7 and 8).

Distance δ _2-3 (see. FIG. 1) between 4.2 and 5.2 vanes nozzles 4 and 5, second and third tiers expedient selected such that at least ^1/4 of height h3 (see. FIG. 1) 5.2 nozzle vanes 5 of the third tier placed at the top of the element 9.3 transition. The remaining portion ^(3/4 the height h ₃₎ 5.2 blade can be placed on the bottom wall of the container 1 at 9.2.

- 9 030969

The outer diameter d ₃ (see Fig. 6) of the blades 5.2 of the nozzle 5 of the third tier is (5-10)% less than the maximum diameter D _3n ^{(3) of the} transition element 9.3 at the level of the nozzle 5 of the third tier, d ₃ = (0.9 0.95) xD ₃ n ⁽³⁾ .

As can be seen from the comparison of FIG. 6 and 4, the blades 5.2 of the nozzle 5 of the third tier are located with respect to the blades 4.2 of the nozzle 4 of the second tier with an angular displacement of α _2-3 = 45 ° (see FIG. 6) in the horizontal plane. This contributes to a more efficient dispersion of the material 11 due to the uniform distribution of dispersing elements (blades of nozzles 4 and 5) in the volume of material 11, located in the area of the nozzles of the second and third tiers.

At the level of the location of the wall 9.2 of the cavity of the container 1, at least two nozzles 6 are installed (the variant shown in Figs. 1 and 2 contains three nozzles) of the fourth and subsequent (fifth and sixth) tiers for dispersing the material 11 and moving it tangentially and axially down directions. Each of the nozzles 6 (see Fig. 9) contains a flat horizontal base plate 6.1 mounted on the shaft 2 and two blades 6.2 in the form of flat plates having the shape of right-angled triangles, in which the ratio of the lengths of the legs k and K (see Fig. 10 ) is k / k = ¹ / 2- ^1/3. The triangular blades 6.2 are fixed by one of the legs (having a shorter length k) to the lower plane of the base plate 6.1 so that the second leg (having a length K) is the front side of the blade 6.2 in the direction of rotation. With respect to the lower plane of the plate-base 6.1, the blades 6.2 are set at an angle φ = (115-130) ° (see Fig. 1) measured from the plane of this blade facing the shaft 2. With respect to the radius r _{4 of} rotation ( see Fig. 9), conducted to the middle of the blade 6.2 fixed on the base plate 6.1 of the leg, this blade is set so that the angle between the specified radius r ₄ and the leg, measured from the side of the second leg of the blade, is ψ = (95-105 ) °.

Thus, each of the nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers is a spatial structure having in the axial direction the height H ₄ (see Fig. 1) and the maximum outer diameter of the blades 6.2, equal to d ₄ (see Fig. 9).

The front parts of the nozzles 6 in the direction of rotation of the nozzles 6 and the base plates 6.1 of these nozzles are pointed in sections from the side of the planes facing down, as shown in FIG. 11 and 12. The angles μ and ν (see Figs. 11 and 12) of the slices can be chosen within μ®ν = (20-60) °.

Each first of two nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers placed in adjacent tiers of a pair of blades 6.2 with respect to a similar pair of blades of the second nozzle is offset by an angle ξ ₄ = 90 ° in the horizontal plane (see Fig. 9).

The maximum outer diameter d ₄ (see Fig. 9) of the nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers should be chosen such that it is (20-40)% less than the maximum diameter D _C ⁽⁴⁾ (see Fig. 1, 2) of the surface walls 9.2 of the cavity of the tank 1 at the level of the nozzle of the fourth tier, d ₄ = (0.6-0.8) xD _C ⁽⁴⁾ .

The distance t ₄ (see FIG. 1) in the axial direction between the base plates 6.1 of adjacent nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers (installation step of nozzles 6) is (40-60)% of the height H4 of the blades 6.2 of these nozzles, t ₄ = (0 , 4-0.6) xH ₄ .

The distance T _3-4 (see Fig. 1) between the blades 5.2 nozzles 5 of the third tier and the base plate

6.1 nozzles of the fourth tier, as a rule, are taken so that the blades 6.2 of the nozzles 6 of the fourth tier with respect to the blades 5.2 nozzles 5 of the third tier are located at a minimum distance of 6– _3-4 ^min (see FIG. 2) vertically, 63–4 ^min = (1-5) mm. However, it is possible (and for a number of dispersible materials, in particular building materials, preferably) a distance of 63–4 (see Fig. 1) to be chosen so that the lower (corner) parts of the triangular blades 6.2 of the nozzle 6 of the fourth tier are lowered approximately to the middle of the gap 6 _2-3 between the blades 4.2 and 5.2 of the nozzles 4 and 5 of the second and third tiers, 63.4 = ^ - 62. ^ 2- ^, where h ₃ is the height (in axial direction) of the blade 5.2 of the nozzle of the third tier. In this case, to ensure the passage of the blades 6.2 of the nozzle 6 of the fourth tier through the nozzle 5 of the third tier of steam of the blades 6.2 of the nozzle 6 of the fourth tier should be rotated in a horizontal plane through an angle ξ _3-4 = 45 ° (see Fig. 13) with respect to the pairs blades 5.2 nozzles 5 of the third tier. Such a mutual arrangement of nozzles 5 and 6 contributes to an increase in the intensity of dispersion of material 11 due to the higher density of dispersing elements 5 and 6 in the material volume (the same number of blades 5.2 and 6.2 of nozzles 5 and 6 is placed in a smaller volume of material 11).

The above mixer-dispersant works as follows.

The locking device 1.1.2 (see Fig. 1-3) overlaps the flow area of the pipe 1.1.1 of the node 1.1 unloading the finished product 11 from the cavity of the tank 1. Then pour into the cavity of the tank 1 portions of the initial components of the mixture for processing and turn on the electric motor 8.1 (see Fig. 1) of the drive 8 for rotating the shaft 2. Through the coupling 8.2, the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor 8.1 is transferred to the drive part 2.1 of the shaft 2 passing through the sealing assembly 10 into the cavity of the tank 1 and the working part 2.2 of the shaft 2 with the blade nozzles 3 mounted on it, 4, 5 and 6.

Each of the specified nozzles brought into rotation begins to perform functions due to its design. The frequency of rotation of the shaft 2 is selected depending on the type of the technological operation (mixing or dispersing) and mechanical characteristics (hardness, viscosity, particle size, etc.) of the starting materials. For high-quality mixing (preparation of homogeneous mixtures) of bulk materials, the shaft speed is usually not

- 10 030969 should exceed (800-1000) min ^-1 . For dispersion, for example, of grain in order to prepare animal feed, it is recommended to choose this frequency within (1200-1500) min ^-1 . Regulation of the shaft rotational speed can be provided, for example, by using a frequency converter for the supply voltage of the asynchronous electric motor 8.1.

The nozzle 3 of the first (lower) tier due to the location of the flat vertical blades 3.2 at an angle to the radii of rotation moves the material 11 in the tangential and radial directions. The material 11 is constantly removed from the surface of the bottom 9.1 of the cavity of the container 1 in the direction from the axis of rotation of the shaft 2 to the element 9.3 of the transition from the bottom 9.1 to the wall 9.2 of the surface of the cavity of the container 1. This protects against abrasive material 11 of the cuff 10.2 of the seal assembly 10 reliable sealing of the container 1 in the zone of passage of the shaft 2 through the bottom 9.1. In addition, the impact of facing the surfaces of the blades 3.2 in the direction of rotation of the blades 3.2 this nozzle 3 disperses material 11. However, the share of this nozzle 3 in the total volume of work performed by the device on dispersing material 11 is insignificant - no more than 1%. This is due to the fact that an insignificant amount of material 11 enters the zone of location of the nozzle 3, the main flow of which is guided by nozzle 4 of the second tier upwards, radially and axially, i.e. not in the direction of the nozzle 3 of the first tier.

The nozzle 4 of the second tier performs two functions. Due to the inclination of the flat blades 4.2 with respect to the horizon and the location of the front in the direction of rotation of the end parts of these blades from the bottom, it moves the material 11 in the tangential, radial and axial up directions. The cutting-impact action of the front parts in the direction of rotation and having a pointed end of the blades 4.2. The nozzle 4 disperses the particles of the material 11.

The nozzle 5 of the third tier performs three functions simultaneously. The first function is performed by flat radial plates 5.2.1 of the blades 5.2, connected to the hub 5.1 of the nozzle 5 and located in the zone adjacent to the axis of the shaft 2. These plates due to the inclination of the planes relative to the horizon and the arrangement of the front end parts in the direction of rotation move the material 11 in tangential, radial and axial down directions. A downward flow of material 11 occurs in the gap δ _2-3 (see Fig. 1) with the upward flow of material formed by the nozzle 4 of the second tier. The interaction of the two indicated oppositely directed flows is accompanied by intensive mixing, internal friction and dispersion of the particles of material 11. As a result, a total horizontal flow of material 11 is formed, moving horizontally in tangential (i.e., perpendicular to the radii of rotation of the shaft 2) and radial the radii of rotation of the shaft 2 in the direction of the element 9.3 transition) directions.

The lower part (located closer to the nozzle 4 of the second tier and constitutes about 30% of the total material flow 11) reaches, dynamically (shock) interacts with the conical (or toroidal) surface of the transition element 9.3 tilted with respect to the horizon and then moves along this surface in tangential, radial (moving away from the axis of the shaft 2 together with the specified surface) and in the axial up (ie towards the nozzle 5 of the third tier, and the wall 9.2 of the cavity of the container 1) directions. Due to the significant speed of the total flow created by the nozzles 4 and 5 of the second and third tiers in a fairly narrow gap δ _2-3 between them, the material undergoes a shock effect and intense frictional interaction with the surface when it meets the surface of the transition element 9.3 9.3. These factors contribute to the dispersion of the material.

eleven.

The upper part of the total flow of material 11 created by nozzles 4 and 5 of the second and third tiers, when approaching the surface of the transition element 9.3, falls within the range of the radial plates 5.2.2 of the blades 5.2 nozzles 5 of the third tier, performing the second function of the specified nozzle 5. These plates 5.2.2 due to the inclination of the planes relative to the horizon and the location of the front end parts in the direction of rotation, the material 11 moves the upper part of the total flow created by the nozzles 4 and 5 in tangential, radial and axial flax up directions. The operation of the peripheral plates 5.2.2 of the blades 5 is accompanied by the shock destruction of the particles of the material 11 under the conditions of the action of significant forces of inertia when the direction of movement of the material 11 from the horizontal to the vertical and intense frictional interaction of the material 11 with the surface of the said plates changes 5.2.2. The result is mixing and dispersion of the material 11.

The third function of the nozzle 5 of the third tier is to disperse the material 11 by impact impact of the pointed end parts of the plates 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of the blades 5.2 of the nozzle 5.

Nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers due to the arrangement of flat triangular blades 6.2 at angles to the horizon and with respect to the axis of rotation make a sharp change in the direction of flow of the material 11 moved by the peripheral plates 5.2.2 of the blades

5.2 nozzles 5 of the third tier up, along the wall 9.2 of the cavity of the tank 1. Under the action of nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers, the flow of material changes the direction of movement by 180 ° and continues (after interacting with nozzles 6) downward movement towards the nozzle 5 of the third tier. Sharp

- 11 030969 changing the direction of flow of material 11 is accompanied by its intensive mixing, as well as dispersion due to the impact of the blades of the blades 6.2 nozzles of the fourth and subsequent tiers, frictional interaction with the blades of 6.2 and the cutting-impact of the pointed ends of the blades 6.2.

In the process of dispersing material 11, not only the blades 6.2, but also the base plates 6.1 (albeit to a lesser extent) nozzles 6 are involved, due to the fact that these plates have pointed end sections in the direction of rotation of the plates.

Since nozzles 6 can be placed in several (two or more) upper tiers, for their effective operation it is important to ensure full supply of dispersible material 11 into the zones of action of all nozzles, while minimizing the volume of the cavity of the tank 1, in which no dispersion processes take place. On the basis of this criterion, the surface of the wall 9.2 of the tank 1 made in the form of the apex facing upward of a truncated cone creates a positive effect by the fact that the gap between the wall of the tank 9.2 1 and the blades 6.2 of the nozzles 6 narrows as the material flow 11 moves up, providing a reduction in dispersing, and increasing the speed of movement of the material directed to the nozzles of the upper (fifth, sixth and subsequent) tiers.

The combined action of nozzles of all levels directs the circulation of material 11 in the cavity of the tank 1 in a closed loop: near the shaft 2, the flow of material 11 moves vertically downwards; and in the zone of the wall 9.2, the material 11 moves up along these surfaces, and in the zone of the blades 6.2 of the nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers, the flow of material 11 changes the direction of movement from the top cial upwards to vertical downwards. On the trajectory of its movement, the material 11 is constantly, with the exception of the section from the nozzle 5 of the third tier to the nozzles 6 of the fourth and subsequent tiers, is subjected to mixing and dispersion. As a result, the finished product is obtained from the initial components of the material 11 for the minimum number of cycles of its circulation in the cavity of the tank 1 (that is, for the minimum time of operation of the mixer for dispersion) and with minimal energy consumption.

After the processing of the material 11 in the mixer-disperser (i.e., bringing the material 11 to the required uniformity and dispersion) is completed, the material is unloaded from the cavity of the container 1 through the unloading unit 1.1. To do this, without turning off the drive 8 rotation of the shaft 2, using the locking device 1.1.2 open the flow area of the pipeline 1.1.1. Since the nozzles 3 and 4 of the first and second tiers, located at the same level vertically with the unloading unit 1.1 of the finished product (see Fig. 1 and 2), continue to move the finished product in the cavity of the tank 1 in the tangential and radial directions, ready the product under the action of centrifugal forces gets into the flow area of the pipe 1.1.1 and it goes outside the tank

1. Here it can be sent to the receiving tray or the receiving tank of another process unit (not shown in the diagrams) for further use.

In the process of unloading the finished product from the mixer-dispersant, another, not previously mentioned, but undoubtedly, positive quality, introduced into the considered design of the mixer-dispersant by the nozzle 3 of the first (lower) tier, appears. It lies in the fact that this nozzle 3, made in the form of an impeller, which gives material 11 tangential and radial movement under conditions of action on material 11 of centrifugal forces, ensures an optimal flow of material to the discharge point 1.1 of the finished product, directs this flow along the axis of the pipeline 1.1 .1 (the direction of this axis coincides with the direction of the centrifugal forces acting on the material 11 in the zone of entry into the channel of the pipeline 1.1.1) and thus creates conditions for the rapid release of the cavity of tank 1 tons of finished product and driving the mixer to disperse in the state of readiness for processing of the next dose. In addition, since the nozzle 3 of the first tier is installed with respect to the bottom 9.1 of the container cavity with a minimum clearance of 5d ₁ = (0.5-5) mm, the cavity of the container 1 is cleared from the material 11 completely, right up to the bottom 9.1.

At this full cycle of the mixer-disperser is completed.

Technical and economic efficiency of the claimed device is as follows:

1) increases productivity by reducing the duration of processing (mixing and dispersion) of the material;

2) reduced energy costs for the preparation of each portion of the finished product;

3) increases the reliability of the device, reduces its downtime during maintenance (repair) and the cost of these works;

Thus, the use of a mixer-dispersant of the proposed design allows to reduce the cost of the finished product and expand the list of recyclable materials, i.e. scope of application of this device.

- 12 030969

Information sources.

1. Patent RU 2336163, IPC В28С 15/16, publ. 2008.10.20.

2. A.S. USSR 1211058, cl. В29В 17/16, publ. 02/15/86.

3. A.S. USSR 1273150, cl. B01F 7/18, publ. 11/30/86.

4. RF patent № 2107618, m. ^{6 6} VS 5S 5/16, publ. 03/27/98.

5. Patent SU 1648242, cl. B01J 19/00, publ. 05/07/91.

6. Application EN 99103881, cl. В28С 5/38, publ. 2001.01.10.

7. A.S. USSR number 948684, cl. В28С 15/16, publ. 08/07/82.

8. Patent of the USSR No. 670203, cl. B01F 7/16, publ. 06.25.79.

9. A.S. USSR 1664384, cl. VOSH 7/16, publ. 07.23.91.

10. US patent 4,552,463, publ. 12.11.85.

11. US Patent 4,944,595, publ. 07/31/90 - the prototype.

Claims (18)

CLAIM 1. A disperser mixer containing a container (1) whose cavity is formed by a surface (9) consisting of interconnected connections of a flat horizontal bottom (9.1), a wall (9.2) and an element (9.3) of the transition from the bottom (9.1) to the wall (9.2); and a vertically located shaft (2) equipped with a rotation drive (8), on which vertical blades (3, 4, 5, 6) are installed in tiers along the axis of rotation at various levels to disperse the material and move it in tangential, radial and axial directions , moreover, at the bottom (9.1) level, a nozzle (3) of the first tier for dispersing the material and moving it in tangential and radial directions, having blades (3.2) in the form of flat vertical plates, is installed with a gap in relation to it The nozzle (4) of the second tier is installed for dispersion of the material and its movement in the tangential, radial and one of the axial directions and the nozzle (5) of the third tier for dispersing the material and its movement in the zone adjacent to the shaft axis (2) in the tangential, radial and axial down directions, and in the zone adjacent to the surface (9) of the cavity of the container, in tangential, radial and axial up directions, characterized in that said nozzle (3) is made in the form of an impeller containing on the shaft (2) the hub (3.1), on the vertical outer surface of which the blades (3.2) are fixed in the form of flat vertical plates, the planes of which are arranged with respect to the radii of rotation drawn to the contact lines of the plates with the hub (3.1), at an angle laid down in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the shaft (2), while the nozzle (4) is installed in the second tier, located at the bottom of the transition element (9) from the bottom (9.1) to the wall (9.2), the nozzle is installed in the third tier (5 ) located at the junction node level wall (9.2) with the element (9.3) of the transition from the bottom (9.1) to the wall (9.2), and at the level of the wall (9.2) one or more nozzles (6) of the fourth and subsequent tiers are additionally installed to disperse the material and move it in the tangential and axial down directions, while the blades (6.2) of the specified nozzle or nozzles (6) are located at an acute angle with respect to the shaft axis (2) and are directed down to the bottom (9.1) of the tank (1), and the blades (6.2) of the nozzle ( 6) of the fourth tier pass through the nozzle spacing (5) of the third tier in the Azores the orifices (4) and (5) the second and third tiers. 2. Mixer-dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall (9.2) of the cavity of the container (1) is made in the shape of a circular cylinder. 3. Mixing disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall (9.2) of the cavity of the container (1) is made in the shape of a truncated cone which faces upwards with an angle of inclination forming the cone to its axis equal to (10-20) °. 4. Mixer-disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the element (9.3) of the transition from the bottom (9.1) to the wall (9.2) is made in the form of a truncated cone facing downward with the angle of inclination of the cone to its axis equal to (40- 50) °. 5. Mixer-dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that the element (9.3) of the transition from the bottom (9.1) to the wall (9.2) is made in the shape of a torus. 6. Mixing disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the nozzle impeller (3) of the first tier is less than the diameter of the bottom (9.1) of the container cavity by (5-10)%, and the optimum angle between the blades of the blades plates (3.2) and the radii of rotation drawn to the contact lines of these plates (3.2) with the hub (3.1), is (30-45) °. 7. Mixing disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that said nozzle (4) of the second tier is made in the form of a propeller containing a hub (4.1) mounted on the shaft (2), on the vertical outer surface of which the radial blades (4.2) are fixed in the form of flat plates that are set at an angle (30-45) ° to the horizon so that the lower sides of these plates are arranged in the front direction of rotation. 8. Mixer-dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that the specified nozzle (5) of the third tier you 9. Mixer-disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the lengths in the radial direction of the second (5.2.2) and the first (5.2.1) plates of the blade (5.2) of the nozzle (5) of the third tier is ^! / 2- ^! / 3. 10. Mixing disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the nozzles (6) of the fourth and subsequent tiers is made in the form of a flat horizontal base plate (6.1) installed on the shaft (2) and two blades (6.2) made in the form of flat plates having the shape of right-angled triangles, which are fixed by one of the legs on the lower plane of the base plate (6.1) so that the second one is the front side of the blade (6.2) in the direction of rotation, set relative to the plane of the base plate (6.1) at an angle (115 -130) °, measured m from the plane of the blade (6.2), facing the shaft (2), and with respect to the radius of rotation, conducted to the middle of the leg fixed to the base plate (6.1), the blade (6.2), are arranged so that the angle between the specified radius and the leg measured from the side of the second leg of the blade (6.2) is (95-105) °, with at least two nozzles (6) installed in the fourth and subsequent tiers, a pair of blades (6.2) of each of the first two nozzles (6) placed in adjacent tiers, located in relation to a pair of blades of the second nozzle (6) with an angular displacement 90 ° in the horizontal plane, the distance between the base plates (6.1) of the above nozzles (6) in the axial direction is 0.4-0.6 length of the leg, which is the front side of the blade (6.2) in the direction of rotation, and the ratio of the length of this leg to the length of the second leg of this blade is ¹ / ^2-1 / 3. 11. Mixing disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the optimal amount of immersion of the lower parts of the blades (6.2) of the nozzle (6) of the fourth tier into the gap between the nozzles (4) and (5) of the second and third tiers is half the gap between the last of the specified nozzles. 12. Mixer-disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the end parts of the plates (4.2), (5.2), (6.2) and (6.1) located front in the direction of rotation serve as blades and base plates of the nozzles (4, 5, 6 a) the second and subsequent tiers, sharpened cuts. 13. Mixer-disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameters of the nozzles (4) and (5) of the second and third tiers are (5-10%) smaller than the maximum surface diameters (9) of the cavity of the tank (1) at the installation levels these nozzles, and the maximum outer diameter of the nozzles (6) of the fourth and subsequent tiers is (20-40)% less than the maximum diameter of the cavity of the tank (1) at the level of the nozzle (6) of the fourth tier. - 13 030969 completed in the form of a double-flow propeller containing a hub mounted on the shaft (2) (5.1), on the vertical outer surface of which there are fixed radial blades (5.2), each of which consists of two flat plates interconnected coaxially in the radial direction ( 5.2.1) and (5.2.2), which are set at an angle (30-45) ° to the horizon so that the front side in the direction of rotation of the first plate connected to the hub (5.1) (5.2.1) is the upper side of this plate (5.2.1), and in the second plate (5.2.2) - the bottom side. - 14 030969 Dc < ⁴ > FIG. one FIG. 2 - 15 030969 FIG. 3 B - B (Fig. 1) Dan FIG. four In (4) (rotated) the vertical axis of the shaft 2 FIG. five - 16 030969 FIG. 6 FIG. eight - 17 030969 W - W (Fig. 1) FIG. 9 K - K (Fig. 10) FIG. eleven L - L (Fig.9) (turned) FIG. 12 - 18 030969 FIG. 13