EA015494B1 - Gas distribution mechanism of four-stroke -ycle internal combustion engine with cylindrical valves - Google Patents

Abstract

A principle of the cylindrical valve made in the form of the general shaft, rotating in a cylindrical cavity and having separate ports for each cylinder is proposed for gas distribution in an internal combustion engine. The pivot axis of the shaft is parallel to the pivot axis of a crank shaft, and the cam shaft has grooves for each cylinder in the form of a segment, a sector, or other form. The simplified form of the mechanism for one cylinder is shown on the drawing (fig. 1). Angular rotation speed of the cam shaft is half as high as that of the crank shaft. During operation of the internal combustion engine, the valve groove connects the opening in the cylinder with the opening of the inlet or the exhaust outlet collector, providing air suction and gas exhaust. Plain bearers are mounted to reduce the friction of the cam shaft on the groove surface. Sealing rings and spring-loaded sealing plates are mounted to prevent the depressurization of the cylinders. The cooling of the valve shaft is assured by the cooling fluid, flowing inside the shaft.

Description

The gas distribution mechanism is an integral part of the four-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine (hereinafter - ICE), which is used in transport and in other areas of technology where the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy is used.

A) The most common in modern ICEs is a gas distribution mechanism made in the form of valves and cam camshafts. In this case, the camshaft, articulated with the crankshaft of the engine, through the cams drives the poppet valves, which, opening and closing the inlet and outlet openings, provide the valve timing of the four-stroke ICE.

B) As an alternative to the described design, the American inventor Roy O. Aike developed a rotary valve assembly for ICE (I8 97935344, 09/22/1997; I8 95576927, 12/22/1995). The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the internal combustion engine contains a first rotary valve for opening the inlet channel for air introduced into the combustion chamber, and a second rotary valve for discharging exhaust gases from the combustion chamber (Inventions of the World, issue 64, No. 5/2000, p. 33). The use of two rotary spools per cylinder makes the design complex, bulky and entails an increase in weight per unit of power.

B) Iopa16 Ba11ag6 (I8 97935231, 09/22/1997) proposed an internal combustion engine with rotary valves. ICE contains a rotary valve inserted into a cylindrical hole formed in the cylinder head. The valve provides the supply of working fluid and the removal of combustion products through the inlet and outlet openings, compatible with the openings in communication with the combustion chamber (Inventions of the world, issue 64, No. 3/2000, p. 41). A significant drawback of this design is that for placing two holes of the required size in the valve, the required valve diameter significantly exceeds the diameter of the working cylinder, which makes the design even more cumbersome and ineffective than in the previous case.

The essence of the present invention is that for gas distribution in an internal combustion engine, it is proposed to use the principle of a cylindrical spool made in the form of a common shaft rotating in a cylindrical cavity and having separate channels for each cylinder. The axis of rotation of the shaft is parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft, and the camshaft itself has a recess for each cylinder in the form of a segment, or sector, or other shape. A general sectional view of the mechanism for one cylinder is shown in FIG. 1. The diagram (Fig. 3) shows the relative position of the piston and camshaft and the direction of gas flows in various phases of gas distribution during operation of the internal combustion engine. The angular velocity of the camshaft is half that of the crankshaft. During the operation of the internal combustion engine, at the right time, a recess of the valve connects the hole in the cylinder with the hole of the intake or exhaust manifold, providing air intake and exhaust exhaust (Fig. 3). In this case, the relative position of the valve recess and the cylinder bores, intake and exhaust manifolds is important. In the cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shafts, the recess should be 135 ° around the circumference of the valve, and these holes should be 45 ° around the circumference of the cavity, the distances between the holes should be 45, 45 and 135 °, respectively (see Fig. 1). Since at the end of the suction phase, a certain amount of intake air remains in the recess of the valve, which is subsequently mixed with exhaust gases, this principle is most suitable for engines with direct fuel injection. The drawings show an example of the use of the presented principle in diesel ICEs.

To reduce the friction of the camshaft on the surface of the cavity, the installation of sliding bearings is provided. The lubricant is supplied to the rubbing surfaces from the oil pump through the channels available in the shaft.

To prevent depressurization of the cylinders, the installation of sealing rings 2 (Fig. 2) and spring-loaded sealing plates 9 (Fig. 1) is provided. However, by ensuring sufficient cooling of the spool shaft and grinding the shaft, the need to install sealing plates can be avoided.

Cooling the spool shaft is provided by the flow of coolant inside the shaft. For this purpose, a through hole is provided along the axis of the shaft, which is connected to the inlet and outlet pipes through special seals, the design of which is similar to the design of the water pump seal. By placing a spiral inside the shaft, it is possible to circulate the refrigerant in an independent circuit without an additional pump.

Compared with the common valve timing, the invention has several significant advantages.

1. Through the use of one common hole in the cylinder for suction and exhaust, it becomes possible to increase the cross-sectional area of the hole. Together with the reduction of gas turbulence, this makes it possible to ensure high filling of the cylinders with air during suction and the free passage of gases during exhaust at any high speed conditions.

2. Significantly reduces the torque required to rotate the camshaft, which increases reliability, increases engine efficiency and extends the life of the shaft drive parts.

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3. Due to the lack of reciprocating valve movement, vibration and noise during engine operation are reduced.

4. The design is simplified, can be applied on a commercially available engine. At the same time, the number of parts decreases, the cost decreases, and reliability increases.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1 - camshaft; 2 - hole for exhaust exhaust; 3 - coolant; 1. The gas distribution mechanism of a four-stroke internal combustion engine with cylindrical spools made in the form of a common shaft, characterized in that each spool has one common groove, and in each cylinder one common opening for the intake and exhaust of gases. 2. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized by the presence of a longitudinal channel along the axis of the spool shaft for the flow of coolant supplied from the engine cooling system. 3. The gas distribution mechanism according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the spool bearings are mounted on the spool shaft and there are special channels in the cylinder head and in the spool shaft for supplying grease to the bearings from the engine oil pump and for removing grease into the engine crankcase. Gas distribution mechanism General view (BB) Section AA 4 - cylinder block; 5 - the piston; 6 - hole for air intake; 7 - nozzle; 8 - a preliminary combustion chamber; 9 - consolidation; 10 - hole in the working cylinder; 11 - channel for oil drain