EA015050B1 - Individual wheel gear set - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an individual wheel gear set (12, 50) comprising a driving gear (36) coupled to a drive shaft (32, 34), said driving gear being coupled to a driven gear (40) via at least one intermediate timing gear (38, 38.1, 38.2). The driven gear is positively connected to a driven shaft (42), vertically offset relative to the drive shaft (34), for driving a wheel (60). In order to simplify conversion of a conventional vehicle to an all-terrain vehicle having more ground clearance, the individual wheel gear set (12, 50) is configured as a retrofit kit. The driving gear (36), the at least one intermediate timing gear (38, 38.1, 38.2) and the driven gear (40) are arranged in a gear case which, on the vehicle side, has connection points (18, 22) for spring-absorber elements (20) and/or wishbone elements (24) and which has, on the wheel side, connection points (28, 30) for brake and/or wheel bearing units (26, 44).

Description

The invention relates to an individual wheel drive for a vehicle with high ground clearance with a drive wheel, made with the possibility of connection with the propeller shaft of the vehicle via a drive shaft and connected via at least one intermediate gear to a driven wheel, which is connected by a geometric circuit for the drive a wheel rim with an output shaft offset in height relative to the drive shaft to obtain a large clearance.

An individual wheel drive of this type is known from ΌΕ 3640947 C2. This is a drive with equalizing the load for the steered wheel of the vehicle. This drive has at least two intermediate gears, which have two different external diameters and stages rigidly connected to each other. A step with a large outer diameter is meshed with the input wheel and a step with a small external diameter is meshed with a wheel with internal teeth, the wheel with internal teeth, the input wheel and intermediate gears being located inside the axial space of the wheel, the input wheel, as well as the steps meshed with a wheel with internal teeth are located cantilever. For the drive to operate, a total of six gears are needed, the gear being designed in the form of a wheel with internal teeth and, therefore, is expensive to manufacture.

In the known embodiment, a double gear transmission occurs, namely, first from the drive wheel to the first intermediate gear stage having a large outer diameter, and then from the second intermediate gear stage having a small external diameter to the inner gear wheel. Therefore, we are talking about a slow-moving machine, which is used only for specially adapted transformations of drive mechanisms or differentials.

ΌΕ 2116441 B2 describes the main gear for a car with a U-shaped bridge. In the case of this main transmission, the drive power is transmitted from the vehicle’s drive through the gearbox and differential to the right and left sides of the axle shafts and from them through the reduction gearbox, which consists of a stationary gear with cylindrical gears with external gearing, located on the last wheel, located on the drive shaft of the wheel. In this case, the reduction gear is installed inside the U-shaped bridge protruding down the hull.

ΌΕ 19717866 A1 describes a running gear for an off-road vehicle. If you use the usual mechanical connection from a pair of wheels for all-terrain vehicles and working machines with more than four wheels, it is proposed to suspend the wheels on a hydraulic shortened swinging lever. With the help of hydraulics, the clearance, transition characteristic, balancing when moving at an acute angle, etc. remain balanced.

ΌΕ 1895981 I1 describes a bridge floating or designed for off-road vehicles. The vehicle contains wheels, inside the rims of which an intermediate gear is installed. Drive shafts are also located above the wheel axle. An axial spider with a differential, to which the drive shaft is attached on both sides by disc brakes, is connected directly to the frame of the vehicle. In both cases, the wheels are connected via a wishbone to a vehicle body or to a vehicle frame, and for a floating vehicle, the lower independent wheel suspension arm is secured with an elastic element, while for the vehicle intended for increased cross-country ability, the upper independent lever The wheel is held by an adjustable pneumatic spring suspension element.

ΌΕ 102004003644 A1 describes a portal mechanism for a low-floor vehicle. In this case, the portal gearbox consists of a bevel gear, which is meshed with the first bevel gear of the intermediate shaft, which is rigidly connected with the second bevel gear of the intermediate shaft, which is meshed with the bevel gear. The height of the axis of rotation of the drive bevel gear above the base is small compared to the height of the bevel gear of the intermediate shaft above the base.

AT 184451 describes an agricultural tractor and a working machine with a variable transmission of a car. The transmission is characterized in that for the installation of transmission drive elements (tracked running gear or wheels) in the differential case, easily replaceable, fixed portal axles of various lengths are used, while the controlled track roller is fixed in various positions by its bearing axis. However, in these embodiments, no springing is used.

No. 3843689 A1 describes a wheel suspension for a vehicle with a varying ground clearance. In this case, the wheel suspension is adjusted in conjunction with the spring suspension of the vehicle. Due to this, unattainable kinematic relations are obtained with independent wheel suspensions and problems with bending angles of the drive shafts arise on the drive wheels. The movement mechanism is also connected to the landing gear of the chassis wheel, so that when a variable stroke is carried out by means of an actuator, the landing gear of the chassis wheel remains in its original position and the wheel axis changes its position in the vertical direction.

- 1 015050

ΌΌ 86561 describes an agricultural tractor in the form of a transport tractor. Instead of a rear axle planetary gearbox, a swinging portal gearbox of the rear axle with a reduced speed of the drive shaft is used so that the center point of the wheels is located near or at a semi-mounted point and the portal gearbox of the axles of the rear wheels with a console and the rear axle beam with a cross member are designed to install spring-loaded and adjustable device height. The gantry gear is not spring loaded.

From AT 215830 a bridge is known, in particular a driving bridge, for agricultural motor vehicles. Also in this embodiment, we are talking mainly about a solid axle, the beam of the bearing wheels of which to change the clearance of the vehicle can be rotated around an axis that coincides with the axis of the drive shaft or the axis of the axle shroud. It is envisaged that each semi-axle casing connected to the wheel strut, when transferring the mobile device, can rotate against the vehicle body and can be set in different positions, the axle wheel strut being rotationally elastic with respect to the vehicle body or in the final position of the rotation range supported by springs.

ΌΕ 102004003731 A1 describes a brake actuator actuator system for a U-shaped bridge. This device has a brake caliper that can rotate around the wheel axis, so that an actuator made in the form of an axial cylinder, the axis of which is parallel to the wheel axis, is located in the hole of the U-shaped housing or in the I-shaped recess in the U-shaped housing with open side.

EP-A-1418068 describes a vehicle with an enlarged cargo compartment. We are talking about a vehicle with a low floor, and the drive axle is located vertically below the wheel axle in order to hold, if possible, a large cargo compartment. The drive is connected using a transverse beam with elastic elements that are connected to the vehicle body.

From EK.-A-2726230 known installation and system for the motor drive of a car. This system integrates an electric or hydraulic motor directly into an independent wheel suspension. The motor is connected by means of a drive to the output shaft. The engine or crankcase is connected via a wishbone to the chassis.

An individual wheel drive is also known from EC.-A-2726230.

I8-A-6131919 describes a method for automatically adjusting tractors to a horizontal position and a device for implementing the method. The drive is designed exclusively for tractors and therefore is not suitable for equipping street vehicles.

\ ¥ OA-01/03963 describes a bridge primarily for the production of low-floor buses. It has a bridge beam, which is located at a distance from the wheel axle. The engine housing is connected on one side with the beam of the bridge, as well as with the suspension elements.

All of these individual wheel drives are provided for special applications and are applicable only to the respective vehicle.

Also known from the prior art are conventional four-wheel drive vehicles whose wheels are directly connected to the driveshaft of the vehicle. It is also preferable to make such four-wheel drive vehicles highly passable by further increasing ground clearance.

The drives described above are unsuitable in this case, since they are in each case designed for a special application. Until now, it has been decided to develop for each type of vehicle expensive, new designs that require large time and material costs.

Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to improve individual drive wheels of the above type and simplify the conversion of a conventional vehicle into an all-terrain vehicle with increased ground clearance.

The problem is solved in that the drive wheel by means of a single intermediate gear is meshed with the driven wheel, the drive wheel, the intermediate gear and the driven wheel are located in the same plane with offset from each other so that their centers form a triangle, while the drive wheel, the intermediate gear and the driven wheel are located in the form of a portal drive in a portal housing made in the form of a node with the possibility of retrofitting, containing the first part of the portal gear a mustache with a first hinge point for a spring-cushioning device and a second hinge point for at least one transverse suspension arm, as well as a second part of the portal housing made in the form of a cover, with hinge points on the wheel side for mounting the brake device, and also a bearing unit of the wheel, while the wheel rim is configured to at least partially receive the portal housing.

Using the design of an individual wheel drive according to the invention, an upgradeable mechanical wheel gear is provided while maintaining the initial rotation of the wheels.

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It is provided that the propeller shaft on the vehicle side is connected by means of a drive shaft by kinematic closure to the drive wheel, which, by means of a single intermediate gear, engages with the driven wheel, which is geometrically connected to the drive shaft. In this case, it is preferable that the drive wheel, the intermediate gear and the driven wheel are in the same plane. Due to this, in comparison with the prior art, a particularly compact design is achieved, which, with the additional equipment of an individual wheel drive, extends the vehicle track width only slightly.

The drive can be designed with freely adjustable lower and higher gears, and lower or higher gears are possible in the range from 0.5 to 2.5.

For individual selection to an existing independent suspension of the wheels of a street vehicle, a two-part housing has been constructed comprising a part of a U-shaped housing with a first pivot point for a spring-shock-absorbing device and with a second pivot point for at least one wishbone, as well as a U-shaped cover fixed to a reference point for the brake device, such as a brake caliper. Thanks to this, a subsequent device will be possible without structural changes for almost all vehicles.

In order to obtain a different clearance, at least one element of the wishbone may have one knee.

In the future, an individual wheel drive can be designed as a height-adjustable portal drive. Preferably, the portal drive has half of the input portal connected at an unregulated angle with a spring-cushioning device, and half of the output portal, which is rotated, relative to half of the input portal. By means of this embodiment, it is possible to adjust the changing clearance of an all-terrain vehicle.

It is also preferable that the height-adjustable gantry drive has a drive wheel connected by a geometrical closure to the driveshaft, which is connected to the first of two intermediate gears located on the shaft, and the second of the two intermediate gears is connected to the driven wheel. In this embodiment, a drive wheel is provided with a first intermediate gear in one first plane and a second intermediate gear with a driven wheel in a plane parallel to the first turning into the second plane.

In this embodiment, the all-terrain vehicle can be manually, hydraulically or electrically moved from the low position to the high all-terrain position by means of a lifting device.

An individual wheel drive can be designed as a gear train, belt drive or chain drive.

In order to block the fully gantry drive or gantry mechanism on the one hand and, on the other hand, only to slightly increase the track width of the vehicle by upgrading the gantry drive, a rim is provided in which the gantry drive is installed and whose internal mounting planes are located outside the rim base.

In order to design an optimum noise drive, gears with helical gearing may be provided. Can also be used for the drive wheel, the intermediate gear and the driven wheel, for example, as a working surface, metallic or non-metallic materials.

The invention is further explained in the description of its embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 shows an independent suspension of wheels with a portal drive in a three-dimensional image;

FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of an independent suspension of wheels with a portal drive;

FIG. 3 is a sectional front view of an independent suspension of wheels;

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a height-adjustable gantry drive;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a height-adjustable portal drive in a plan view;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a portal drive in the form of a traction portal, wherein the traction means is a chain or timing belt;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the rim and FIG. 8 - section of the rim.

In FIG. 1 shows an isometric independent suspension of the wheels 10 in a portal structure. The independent suspension of the wheels 10 is given solely as an example.

The independent wheel suspension 10 according to the invention comprises, as an additional set, an individual wheel drive 12 with a U-shaped housing 14, which is closed by a U-shaped cover 16. The U-shaped housing 14 is connected by the first point of the articulation 18 to the spring-cushioned device 20 and the second swivel point 22 with transverse

- 3 015050 by the suspension bracket 24. In this case, the second point of the hinge 22 is installed on the surface facing the lower side of the U-shaped body 14, and the first point of the hinge 18 is on the upper side of the U-shaped body 14.

The swivel points 18, 22 are arranged so that an additional device is possible for almost all vehicles, and structural changes are not necessary for the vehicle.

To connect the brake caliper 26 further points of articulation 28, 30 on the U-shaped cover 16 are provided.

In the illustrated embodiment, the drive is carried out mechanically by means of the driveshaft 32. Alternatively, hydraulic or electric drives can also be made.

In FIG. 2 shows a section through the independent suspension of the wheels 10 shown in FIG. one.

The driveshaft 32 is connected to the drive shaft 34, which is connected by kinematic closure with the drive gear 36. It is meshed with the intermediate gear 38, due to which it first turns against the direction of rotation. In addition, the intermediate gear 38 is engaged with the driven wheel 40, which is driven by kinematically connecting the output shaft 42, namely in the opposite direction with respect to the intermediate gear 38. Thus, for every odd number of gears 36, 38, 42, the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 34 with respect to the output shaft 42 is maintained. As a result of this, an individual wheel drive with freely adjustable down and up gears will be possible as an additional built-in a set for almost all vehicles, since the direction of rotation of the wheels is preserved and structural changes are not necessary for the vehicle, in particular the drive or differential.

In general, the entire vehicle remains unchanged, and only the chassis, wheels and brakes are subject to replacement.

In FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the independent suspension of the wheels 10, and it is obvious that the torque is transmitted from the drive shaft 34 to the output shaft 42 and, therefore, to the surface of the bearing 44. In addition, the wishbone 24 is provided with a knee 46, which has a beneficial effect on clearance along the width of the vehicle and, therefore, allows you to fully use the height of the portal. In addition, the compactness of the structure is obvious, with the drive wheel 36, the intermediate gear 38 and the driven wheel 40 are located in the same plane. In addition, the surface of the bearing 44 is connected to the brake disc 48, which rotates inside the brake caliper 26.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows a second embodiment of an individual wheel drive 50, which is designed as a height-adjustable portal drive. The height-adjustable portal drive 50 consists of half of the input portal, which is rigidly connected with it, for example, at an unregulated angle with a shock absorber leg 20. Half of the output portal 54 is rotatably relative to half of the input portal and fixed. In this embodiment, the torque goes from the drive wheel 36 to two intermediate gears 38.1, 38.2 located on the common shaft 56, to the driven wheel 40 and, finally, to the output shaft 42. A top view of this circuit is shown in FIG. 5.

Thus, the clearance can vary from maximum values when working in off-road conditions to the lower position in the direction of arrow 58 in the case of operation in the city. At the same time, the clearance can be adjusted manually or hydraulically, or electrically by means of adjustment elements (not shown).

If you use a gear, you can also apply the traction main gear, which is shown in the example implementation, in side view in FIG. 6. In this case, as a means of traction 59, a chain or a gear belt is used that connect the drive wheel 36 to the driven wheel 40.

In FIG. 7 and 8 show exemplary embodiments of an adjacent rim 60 to a gantry drive 12. At this rim, the inner joint plane 62 of the rim lock 64 is located outside the rim base. Thus, on the one hand, the gantry drive or gantry 12 completely overlaps, and on the other hand, through modernization, the gantry drive 12 only slightly widens the gauge of the vehicle.

The downshift or upshift of the gantry drive 12 is freely adjustable and is selected predominantly in the range from 0.5 to 2.5.

Claims (12)

CLAIM 1. An individual drive (12) of a wheel for an off-road vehicle with a large clearance, comprising a drive wheel (36) configured to couple to the propeller shaft (32) of the vehicle via a drive shaft (34) and connected by at least one intermediate gears (38) with a driven wheel (40), which is connected - 4 015050 by means of a geometric closure for driving a wheel rim with an output shaft (42) offset in height relative to the drive shaft (34) to obtain a large clearance, characterized in that the drive wheel (36) is engaged with a single intermediate gear (38) with a driven wheel (40), and the driving wheel (36), the intermediate gear (38) and the driven wheel (40) are located in the same plane with offset from each other so that their centers form a triangle, while the driving wheel (36) intermediate pole The core (38) and the driven wheel (40) are located in the form of a portal drive in a portal case made in the form of a unit that can be retrofitted, containing the first part (14) of the portal case with a first pivot point (18) for a spring-shock-absorbing device ( 20) and a second pivot point (22) for at least one wishbone (24) of the suspension, as well as a second part of the portal housing made in the form of a cover (16), with pivot points (28, 30) on the wheel side for brake attachment TBA (26), and the bearing assembly (44) of the wheel, wherein the rim (60) of the wheel configured to at least partially receiving portal housing. 2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual drive (12, 50) of the wheel is made with freely adjustable lower and higher gears, and the lower or higher gears vary in the range from 0.5 to 2.5. 3. The drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wishbone (24) has a knee. 4. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the individual wheel drive (50) is made in the form of a height-adjustable portal drive. 5. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the portal drive (50) has half the input portal (52), which is rigidly connected at a rigid angle to the spring-shock-absorbing device (20), and half of the output portal (54) ), which is located with the possibility of deviation relative to half of the input portal (52). 6. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the height-adjustable portal drive (50) has a drive wheel (36), connected by a geometrical closure to the driveshaft (32) and connected to the first (38.1) of the two located on the shaft (56) of the intermediate gears (38.1, 38.2), and the second (38.2) of the two intermediate gears (38.1, 38.2) is connected to the driven wheel (40). 7. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drive wheel (36) with the first intermediate gear (38.1) is in one first plane, and the second intermediate gear (38.2) with the driven wheel (40) lies in the second a plane running parallel to the first plane. 8. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the all-terrain vehicle by means of a lifting device manually, hydraulically or electrically is configured to move from a low position to a high all-terrain position. 9. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the individual wheel drive (20, 50) is made in the form of a gear transmission, and / or a belt drive, and / or a chain drive. 10. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the gears (36, 38, 40) have helical gearing. 11. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the gears (36, 38, 40) are made at least partially of metallic or non-metallic materials. 12. The drive according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the inner connecting plane (62) of the lock (64) of the wheel rim is located outside the base of the rim and is made with the possibility of connection with the bearing unit (44) of the wheel.