EA012688B1 - Stripping attachment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and to grain harvester, in particular to stripping arrangements. The stripping arrangement is characterized in that mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric drive of a stripping rotor and an auger are mounted on a frame central support part. Means for converting energy into torque and transmitting thereof to a working unit can be installed on the central support either outside or inside the rotor or auger. Axes of the stripping rotor parts are turned towards each other in the direction movement so that form an obtuse angle.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, to grain harvesting machines, in particular to combing devices, and can be used for towing plants on the vine.

The cleaning devices include a frame, a housing, a roof, a deflector, an auger, cleaning working bodies and drive mechanisms. Drive mechanisms include hydraulic cylinders that move the deflector, roof, and adjustable drives to rotate the rotor and auger. In a modern stripping header, the cost and weight of the drive mechanisms make up about 20% of the cost of the entire machine. The reason for the high cost of the drive is the complexity of the design, its considerable length, the presence and a large number of components and parts of not only the drive itself, but also the safety shields protecting it, and the high complexity of the assembly.

The main energy consumers of the drive mechanism are the comb rotor and auger. In existing combing devices working with combine harvesters, the torque for driving the working bodies comes through a transmission on an inclined chamber. Through a cardan gear, gearbox, chain and belt drives, the torque is transmitted to the side shafts of the rotor and auger. In order for the transmission to work reliably, the longitudinal and transverse beams of the frame, walls and sides of the housing are performed with a large margin of safety. We have a contradiction: the more power we want to transfer to the rotor and auger, the heavier and stronger the frame and its side parts should be.

The second contradiction of the drive mechanism of the stripping device is associated with its working bodies. The drive of both the rotor and the screw is carried out through a side shaft resting on the side wall of the housing. In this case, the power flow to the far, opposite end of the rotor and the screw is transmitted through the rotor body and the screw pipe. In order for the body or pipe to transmit torque, they have to be made strong and heavy. This contradiction is aggravated with an increase in the machine’s working width - the larger the working width, the more durable and heavy the rotor and screw of the stripping device become. In modern cutting wide reapers, this contradiction is resolved by dividing the working elements (reel, cutting device, screw) into two parts with the installation of a middle support and making a drive on both sides of the reaper. This allows you to reduce the weight and strength of the working bodies, but complicates, increases the cost and makes the drive mechanism almost double.

The third contradiction is that since a cardan drive is installed on one side of the case, and chain or belt drives are installed on the side of the case, one half of the case has significantly more weight than the other. We have to resort to additional measures to eliminate the imbalance.

The rotor and auger rotate in opposite directions, a gearbox is used to change the direction of rotation. The height position and frequency of rotation of both the auger and the stripping rotor have to be adjusted depending on the harvesting conditions. Hydraulic cylinders are used to adjust the position along the height of the rotor, and a mechanical adjusting mechanism is used for the screw. Interchangeable sprockets are used to change the screw speed, and a V-belt variator or interchangeable pulleys are used to regulate the rotor. To protect against ingress of foreign objects into the drive mechanism, protective shields are installed. All this increases the weight and cost of the drive mechanism.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the weight, cost and complexity of the stripping device and drive mechanisms.

Known agricultural harvester with frontal adapter (US patent No. 6895734, May 24, 2005), in which the working bodies of the adapter (finger picker and auger) are driven by independent hydraulic motors and mechanical gears. In this case, the directions of rotation of the rotor and screw shafts are opposite, and the rotation speed of the pick-up shaft is regulated depending on the translational speed of the machine.

The disadvantages of such an adapter drive are the following:

the screw and pick-up are driven from the side shafts, and from opposite ends of the adapter. Therefore, the longitudinal and transverse beams of the frame, walls and sides of the adapter must be made with a large margin of safety. This leads to a large weight of the drive and adapter housing;

the complexity and intensity of the transmission, the auger and the pick-up are driven from the hydraulic motors through the cardan system.

Known stripping device (US patent No. 5557912, IPC Α01Ό 41/06, publ. 24.09.1996). The stripping device includes a housing forming a stripping and assembly chamber, in which a stripping rotor, a rotating roller, an auger, a deflector, a roof and drive mechanisms are located. The torque for driving the stripping device is transmitted from the shaft of the inclined chamber of the combine through a cardan transmission, a gearbox, which are located on the rear and side walls of the housing. From the gearbox shaft through a belt drive, the torque is transmitted to the stripping rotor. To tighten the belt drive, a tensioner with an adjustable spring drive and two rollers is installed on the side of the frame. The auger is driven from the gearbox shaft by a chain drive, tensioning sprockets are installed to regulate the chain tension.

The disadvantages of the stripping device are the following:

large length and complexity of gears for rotor and auger drive;

to transfer torque to the rotor and screw through the side surface of the housing you need

- 1 012688 high strength of the frame, which entails a large weight and high cost of a stripping device; the location of the axes of the rotor and the screw at the same height leads to the fact that the wall of the body under the screw prevents the rapid exit of combed plants from the zone of action of the teeth of the rotor.

The closest in design (prototype) is a stripping device (patent XVO 9313642, Ά01Ό 41/06, publ. 07/22/1993). The cleaning device includes a housing, a roof, a deflector, a rotor, a conveyor belt, a screw and a drive mechanism. The rotor of the stripping device is divided into two parts, and on the case there is an intermediate support installed in the middle part of the case for installing two halves of the rotor. The drive of the stripping device includes a cardan drive, a gearbox, chain and belt drives, pulleys, sprockets.

The disadvantages of the drive stripping device are the large dimensions and weight of the stripping device;

high energy costs for the drive, complex drive design;

the placement of the drive mechanisms on the rear and side walls of the housing increases the weight of the stripping device and complicates its design.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the weight and cost of manufacturing a stripping device, simplifying the drive mechanism.

This goal is achieved by the fact that on the Central supporting part of the frame is installed a means of energy conversion, and the Central ends of the parts of the rotor are connected by transmission with a means of energy conversion. Means for converting and transferring energy to the central ends of the rotor parts may be located in the inner cavity of the rotor. In this case, only means for transmitting torque to the central parts of the rotor can be located inside the rotor, and energy conversion means can be located on the central support. The screw of the stripping device can be divided into two parts, the drive mechanism of the screw is located on the central support of the frame, and the central ends of the parts of the screw are connected via transmission to the energy conversion mechanism, means for converting and transmitting torque to the parts of the screw can be located in the internal cavity of the screw. Means for converting the energy transmitted by the drive to the rotor and auger into rotational motion of the latter are made in the form of a mechanism selected from the group of an asterisk, pulley, gearbox, hydraulic motor, air motor or electric motor mounted on a central support.

The mechanism for transmitting torque to the stripping rotors and screws can be made in the form of a transmission selected from the group consisting of a chain, belt, gear or cardan transmission. Means for transmitting and converting energy can be performed mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical or combined, for example electro-hydraulic. In this case, the axes of the parts of the cleaning rotors are rotated relative to each other by the outer ends in the direction of movement so that they form an obtuse angle.

The prototype and the inventive rotor have the following significant similar features:

the rotor consists of two parts, based on the sidewalls of the housing and the middle support and interconnected;

a mechanical transmission is used to drive the rotor, including a gearbox, belt, pulleys; a mechanical transmission is used to drive the auger, including a gearbox, sprockets and chains. In relation to the prototype, the inventive rotor has the following distinctive features: a means for transmitting and converting energy is installed on the central supporting part of the frame, and the rotor parts are connected by a transmission to the conversion means;

means for converting and transferring energy to the rotor parts are located inside the bodies of the rotor parts;

means for transmitting torque to the rotor shafts are located inside the housings;

the screw is divided into two parts, the screw drive mechanism being located on the central support of the frame, and the central parts of the screw connected via gears to the mechanism of their drive of the rotor parts;

means for converting and transmitting torque to the screw parts are located inside the screw pipe;

means for converting the energy transmitted by the drive to the rotor and auger into rotational motion of the latter is made in the form of a mechanism selected from the group of sprockets, pulley, gearbox, hydraulic motor, air motor or electric motor mounted on the middle support;

mechanical transmission of torque to the stripping rotors and screws is made selected from the group consisting of a chain, belt, gear or cardan transmission;

means of energy transfer and conversion are made hydraulic; means of energy transfer and conversion are made pneumatic; means for transmitting and converting energy are made electric;

Means of energy transfer and conversion are made combined, for example electro-hydraulic;

the axes of the parts of the brushing rotors are turned relative to each other by the outer ends in the direction of movement so that they form an obtuse angle.

- 2 012688

Unlike analogs and prototypes in the proposed stripping device, a means for transmitting and converting energy into torque is installed on the central supporting part of the frame, and the rotor parts are connected by a transmission to the conversion means. Due to this, the drive mechanism of the stripping rotor and transmission are located in the center, in the immediate vicinity of the inclined chamber of the combine. This allows you to reduce the length of the gears from the combine to the working bodies, reduce energy loss, reduce the weight and cost of the drive mechanism (new technical result).

In the proposed stripping device, means for converting energy and transmitting torque to parts of the rotor are located on a central support. They are close to the attachment mechanism of the stripper to the combine. This allows you to make the frame of the stripping device rigid only in the central part, without reinforcing its lateral parts unnecessarily. Thus, the contradiction associated with the strength and weight of the frame is resolved - the frame is strong in the center, where it has the maximum load, and less strong at the lateral ends, where the load is minimal. This allows you to reduce the weight of the frame (new technical result).

In the proposed stripping device, the rotor is divided into two parts and means for converting energy and transmitting torque to the rotor parts are located on the central support inside the cavities of the rotor parts. Due to this, the center of gravity of the drive mechanism approaches the point of attachment of the stripping device to the combine. This allows you to make the frame of the stripping device easier, reduce the load on the attachment mechanism (new technical result).

In the prototype and analogues, the torque to the stripping rotor is applied to only one end thereof and is then transmitted along its entire length. In the proposed device, the torque is transmitted to each half of the rotor. With an equal grip width, the working effort on each half of the rotor is reduced by almost half. This allows you to make the rotor housing less durable and thereby reduce its weight and cost (new technical result).

The means for converting energy and transmitting torque to the parts of the rotor of the stripping device is located on the central support and is located inside the rotating rotor, and it, in turn, is located inside a closed housing under the roof and the deflector of the stripping device. This protects the rotating parts of the drive from personnel and environmental influences. There is no need for protective covers and shields in the end parts of the device. This reduces the dimensions of the machine, its weight and cost (new technical result).

The screw of the proposed stripping device is divided into two parts, the screw drive mechanism being located on the central frame support. The torque conversion and transmission mechanism is located inside the screw pipe, and parts of the screw are connected through gears to their drive mechanism. This allows you to reduce the length of the gears from the combine to the screw, reduce energy loss, reduce the weight and cost of the drive mechanism (new technical result).

To transmit torque to the rotor and auger can be used mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric transmission. At the same time, a gear mechanism is made inside the middle support of the rotor and auger. It can be a chain belt or cardan transmission, hydraulic pressure and drain pipelines, pneumatic pipelines or electric wires. The mechanism that converts the energy transmitted by the drive into torque is installed inside the rotor housing and the screw pipe. It can be an asterisk, pulley, gearbox, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric motor. The drive mechanism and gears are simplified, weight, cost are reduced, the compactness of the machine is increased (new technical result).

In the prototype and analogues there is a problem of regulating the speed of rotation of the rotor and screw. The mechanical transmission is regulated by a change of gears in the gearbox, a belt speed variator, a set of pulleys, sprockets with different diameters and a different number of teeth. Each of the listed devices and methods has disadvantages. Some metal, other roads, still others require additional labor costs.

The use of hydraulic, pneumatic, electric drive of the rotor and auger allows to make the regulation mechanism more compact, reliable and due to this reduce labor costs, weight, complexity of the adapter (new technical result).

In the case of hydraulic, pneumatic, electric transmissions, drive devices such as a hydraulic pump, an oil cleaning and cooling system, a pneumatic compressor, a receiver or an electric generator can be located directly on the combine or other energy source. Thus, the center of gravity of the drive mechanisms is transferred to the frame of the drive machine. This simplifies the design of the stripping device, its balancing, reduces weight, the cost of installed drive mechanisms (new technical result).

To transmit torque to the rotor, it is necessary to make the middle support wide. This leads to the fact that between the rotors there is a gap, the "dead zone", where the brushing teeth do not affect the brushing plants. This can lead to grain loss due to unkempt plants. To remove the dead zone, it is proposed to rotate the outer parts of the rotor relative to each other in a horizontal plane so that the angle between the central supports is less than 180 ° between them. This will lead to the fact that the gap between the teeth in the front of the rotors will decrease and the "dead zone" will disappear. At

- 3 012688 this, the gap between the rotors in the rear part will increase, which is guaranteed to ensure the transmission of torque to the rotor through the middle support (new technical result).

The above indicates that there is a causal relationship between the hallmarks and the technical result. According to the information available to the applicant, the proposed set of essential features characterizing the essence of the invention is not known from the prior art, therefore, the invention meets the criterion of novelty.

The essence of the claimed invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art. The set of features characterizing the known devices does not ensure the achievement of new properties, and only the presence of distinctive features allows to obtain new properties, a new technical result. Therefore, the proposed device meets the criterion of inventive step.

Thanks to the proposed technical solutions in the stripping device, the following positive effects occur:

the frame of the stripping device weighs less than that of analogues and prototype;

the rotor of the stripping device weighs less than that of analogues and prototype;

the drive mechanism of the stripping device has less weight;

the center of gravity of the drive mechanism approaches the support unit of the stripping device;

the design of the stripping device is simplified: the number of parts, gears, units, protective housings and shields is reduced;

the cost of manufacturing a stripping device, as well as the cost of its operation and repair are reduced.

The invention is illustrated graphic materials.

FIG. 1 is a general view of a stripping device.

FIG. 2 - drive mechanisms stripping device.

FIG. 3 - design variant of the drive mechanisms of the stripping device.

FIG. 4 shows a design variant of a stripping rotor drive (top view in section).

FIG. 5 - design options of the screw drive mechanism.

The cleaning device of the proposed design to achieve the desired technical result includes the following components and parts (Fig. 1): a housing 1 with a middle supporting part 2, a cleaning rotor 3 consisting of two parts connected to each other, a deflector 4, a roof 5, an auger 6 and an inclined chamber 7, by means of which the device is connected to the combine.

On the inclined chamber 7 (Fig. 2) is a mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric transmission 8, which connects the drive mechanisms of the combine with the drive mechanisms of the stripping device. The transmission 8 is connected to the energy transmission and conversion mechanism 9, which is fixed to the rear of the central support 2 of the housing 1. The central support 2 is rigidly connected to the lower and upper beams 10 of the housing 1. The energy transmission and conversion mechanism 9 can be a gearbox if the transmission mechanical, or hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical connecting, control and switchgear in the case of a different type of transmission. If the hydraulic pump and oil tanks, either the compressor with the receiver, or the electric generator are installed on the combine, then the energy transfer and conversion mechanism will be only a connecting unit for hydraulic, pneumatic, electric transmission. The energy transmission and conversion mechanism 9 is connected by a mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric transmission 11 to a means 12 for converting energy into torque, a rotor that is mounted on a middle support. It can be a mechanism with an asterisk, pulley, gearbox, hydraulic motor, pneumatic motor or electric motor. From them to the pulley or sprocket 13 located inside the rotor housing 3, the torque can be transmitted using a belt or chain 14. Moreover, the screw 6 can be driven by a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric motor mounted on the side of the stripping device (in FIG. 2 not shown).

The tool 12 converting energy into torque can be installed on the middle support 2 inside the housing of the brushing rotor 3 (Fig. 3, 4). In this case, the energy transfer to the conversion means 12 is carried out using a rotating shaft, cardan transmission, hydraulic pipes, pneumatic pipes, electrical wires 11.

The screw 6 can also be divided into two parts, which are installed in the central part of the housing by means of a support bracket 15. The drive mechanism of both parts of the screw (Fig. 5a) can be located on the central support 2 and include a mechanism for converting energy into torque 16, chain or a belt drive 17, a pulley or an asterisk 18, and gears from the collector 9 to the mechanism 16 in the form of a rotating shaft, cardan drive, hydraulic pipes, pneumatic pipes, electrical wires 19. In another embodiment, the mechanism for converting energy into torque 16 can be installed inside the screw pipe (Fig. 5b).

To reduce the gap between the rotors 3 in the working area of the tow and to increase the gap in the rear part for transmitting torque to the inside of the rotor, the rotor parts are rotated relative to each other by an angle α equal to 2-3 ° (Fig. 4).

- 4 012688

When installing means for converting energy 12 and 16 (Fig. 4, 5) inside the housings of the parts of the rotor 3 or screw 6, the device for transmitting torque to the rotor housing and the screw is also located inside the cavities. Torque transmission devices include spline or gear shafts 20, 21 and support discs 22, 23 with a central spline or gear sleeve. The support discs 22, 23 are rigidly fixed respectively to the rotor housing 24 and the screw tube 25. The spline or gear shafts 20, 21 are engaged with the central hub of the support discs 22, 23. The drive shafts can belong to the energy conversion means 12, 16 or can be connected to means of energy conversion through the coupling 26. In the latter case, the shaft is mounted in bearings on the middle support inside the rotor. Clutch 26 compensates for skew axis of the stripping rotor and inaccuracies in manufacturing and assembly. The clutch 26 engages with a spline, gear, shaft of the energy conversion means 12 and a spline or gear shaft 20. To transfer energy to the energy converter 12 are hydraulic pipes, pneumatic pipes, electrical wires or a rotating shaft 11 located inside the three-dimensional front part of the middle support 2.

The stripping device according to the invention works as follows: when moving across the field, the deflector 4 tilts the plants forward in the direction of travel. The cleaning rotor 3 is set in motion so that its teeth, moving from bottom to top, are combed through the stalk and their apical part is torn off from the stems. The torn parts of the stems and grain are thrown forward with their teeth, reflected from the inner surface of the deflector 4 and the roof 5 and fall into the housing 1 to the auger 6. The auger moves the heap to the middle part of the device and feeds it to the inclined chamber of the combine 7. Operation of the rotor and auger drive mechanisms according to the invention is carried out as follows. The energy from the combine engine in the form of mechanical rotation, the flow of oil or air under high pressure or electric current is transmitted through transmission 8 to the energy transfer and conversion mechanism 9. From it, energy is transferred by two streams through a belt, chain, cardan, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric transmission to energy converters 12 for driving a stripping rotor and 16 for driving a screw. Energy converters 12 and 16 can be installed on the middle support 2 of the housing 1 outside or inside the rotor housing 24 and the screw pipe 25. When the converter is installed outside the rotating rotor 3 or screw 6, the torque is transmitted to the working body via a chain or belt drive 14 and 17. When the transducers 12 and 16 are installed inside the rotor 2 or the screw 6, the torque is transmitted via spline or gear shafts 20, 21 to the spline or gear bushings of the support discs 22, 23 directly or through the clutch 24.

To reduce the gap between the rotors in the working area of the tow, their parts are rotated relative to each other by an angle α = 2-3 °. Thus, in the working area, the clearance is minimal, which ensures reliable towing of all plants.

The use of the proposed drive stripping device can simplify the design and reduce the weight of the stripping header. Mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric drives and their elements are produced and used in agricultural engineering. Therefore, the transition to a new design of the drive mechanism will not cause significant technical difficulties in the production of strippers.

Claims (14)

1. A cleaning device comprising a frame with a central supporting part, a housing, a roof, a deflector and a cleaning rotor, auger and a drive arranged in two parts and including means for transmitting and converting energy to torque and transmitting it to the parts of the cleaning rotor and auger located therein , characterized in that the energy conversion means is installed on the Central supporting part of the frame, and the Central ends of the parts of the rotor are connected by transmission with the specified conversion means. 2. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for converting and transferring energy to the central ends of the rotor parts are located in the inner cavity of the rotor. 3. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for transmitting torque to the Central ends of the parts of the rotor are located in the inner cavity of the rotor. 4. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw is divided into 2 parts, the screw drive mechanism being located on the central frame support, and both parts of the screw connected via gears to the screw drive mechanism. 5. The cleaning device according to claim 4, characterized in that the means for converting and transmitting torque to both parts of the screw are located in the internal cavity of the screw. 6. The cleaning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for converting - 5 012688 energy supplied to the rotor to bring it into rotational motion, is made in the form of an element selected from the group consisting of an asterisk, pulley, gearbox, hydraulic motor, air motor or electric motor mounted on a central support. 7. The cleaning device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the means for converting the energy supplied to the screw to bring it into rotational motion is made in the form of an element selected from the group consisting of an asterisk, pulley, gearbox, hydraulic motor, air motor or an electric motor mounted on a central support. 8. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical transmission of torque to the cleaning rotors is made in the form of a transmission selected from the group consisting of a chain, belt, gear or cardan transmission. 9. The cleaning device according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanical transmission of torque to the parts of the screw is made in the form of a transmission selected from the group consisting of a chain, belt, gear or cardan transmission. 10. The cleaning device according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the drive is made hydraulic. 11. The stripping device according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the drive is pneumatic. 12. The stripping device according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the drive is made electric. 13. The cleaning device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drive is made combined, for example electro-hydraulic. 14. The cleaning device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the axes of the parts of the cleaning rotors are turned relative to each other by the outer ends in the direction of movement so that they form an obtuse angle.