EA008111B1 - Device for processing solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to metallurgy, power engineering and chemical industry,in particular, to devices for producing medium-temperature coke from coal, as well as for producing power-generating or process gas not containing pyrolysis condensed products.The invention is characterized in that the device for processing solid fuel is designed combined – consisting of upper, medium and bottom belts, each belt constitutes one/third of the device height enabling to control blowing flow and producing medium-temperature coke, carbon sorbent and accompanying gas for power-generating or process use not containing pyrolysis condensed products. The upper belt comprises a loading hatch, a hydraulic seal, a gas outlet pipe and a thermal-electric device, the medium belt comprises a cylindrical housing and a water jacket, the bottom belt is made in form of truncated cone and comprises an evacuating unit, a fire grate, an air supply and/or cooling gas device and thermocouple sensors.

Description

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, energy and chemical industry, in particular to devices for producing medium temperature coke from coal, carbon sorbents, as well as energy or process gas that does not contain condensable pyrolysis products.

A number of devices for layered gasification of coal using air, vapor-air and vapor-oxygen blast are known. For example, in the gas generator Lurgi (Schilling, GD Coal Gasification / GD Schilling, B. Born, U. Kraus. - M .: Nedra, 1986, p. 175) coal backfill previously set on fire in a mine-type apparatus blown vapor-air or vapor-oxygen mixture from the bottom up.

The main disadvantage of this method is that the resulting gas is saturated with the products of coal pyrolysis and contains up to 0.1 kg of resinous substances per 1 m ^{3 of} gas, which limits its scope. Approximately every 3-4 months, cleaning of pipelines from condensate and tar deposits is required, which prevents long-term continuous operation of equipment. Gas cleaning and cooling for processing into clean fuel gas significantly increases capital and operating costs. Reduces the efficiency of the gasification process.

A device for producing coke and associated gas is known (US Patent 4,883,499, 1989), which includes a cylindrical apparatus with a leveling device, a charge of solid fuel that is ignited in the lower section and blown with air from top to bottom. Coke is removed from the lower cone-shaped part of the apparatus. Gas is withdrawn through the side connections in the lower third of the apparatus.

The disadvantages of this device include the low efficiency of the cooling system by washing the outer wall with air. This decision necessitates the manufacture of the device from expensive stainless steel. In this case, there remains the problem of additional cooling of the product with unproductive heat losses. The presence of a movable mechanical device for leveling fuel in the upper part of the mine reduces the operational reliability of the device. The device uses a complex system of solid product output using star-type valves, the presence of which contributes to the sticking of the layer when unloading the solid product.

The present invention is to combine and expand the functions of the known devices in order to create a device of simple design for multi-purpose processing of solid fuels: coal, char, wood, etc., to produce energy or process gas that does not contain condensable pyrolysis products.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a device for processing solid fuel, which can be used to obtain various products:

medium-temperature coke and associated gas of energy or technological purpose, not containing condensable pyrolysis products;

carbon sorbent and associated gas of energy or technological purpose, not containing condensable pyrolysis products.

To achieve a technical result, the device is made of a combination of upper, middle and lower belts, and constructively each belt is one third of the height of the device, with the ability to control the process of supplying the blast and obtain medium-temperature coke, carbon sorbent and associated gas of energy or technological purpose, not containing condensable pyrolysis products. The upper belt consists of a loading hatch, a gas outlet, a hydraulic lock and an electrothermal device, the middle belt is made of a cylindrical body and a water jacket, and the lower one is made in the form of a truncated cone and consists of an unloading device, a grate, an air supply device and / or a cooling gas and thermoelectric sensors.

The drawing simply shows a device for processing solid fuels.

It consists of upper, middle and lower belts, including a loading hatch 1, a gas outlet 2 with a hydraulic lock 3 and an electrothermal coal ignition device 4, a cylindrical body 5 with a water jacket 6, a discharge device 7, a grate 8, an air supply device and / or cooling gas 9 and thermoelectric sensors 10. The process is controlled by blowing.

The device works as follows: coal or other solid carbon-containing fuel is fed to the charging hatch 1. After loading, the top layer of fuel is leveled, the hatch is closed and water is drained from the hydraulic seal 3. Then, for about 30 minutes, the electrothermal ignition device is turned on 4. After about 20 minutes 9 start the air supply, for about 10 minutes increasing the flow rate to the nominal level. Further, receiving signals from thermoelectric sensors 10, the air flow rate is automatically maintained at a nominal level, which is determined by the properties of the fuel, the cross section of the apparatus and the intended purpose of the fuel reprocessing process.

At the moment of approaching the front of the response to the grate 8 from thermoelectric sensors 10 receives a signal, on the basis of which the air supply is stopped. Before unloading, the temperature of the solid residue (coke, sorbent or slag) must be reduced from 600-800 to 70 ° C. To this end, the device for processing fuel is transferred to the cooling mode by forcing the cooling gas to circulate around the device - a heat exchanger with a useful thermal selection.

- 1 008111 energy. The cooled slag is discharged through the hatch 7. Own associated gas or cooled products of its combustion are used as the cooling gas. The supply of cooling gas is supported not higher than the air supply in the nominal mode in order to exclude the entrainment of dust from the layer.

Claims (4)

1. A device for processing solid fuel, which is a layered apparatus of a shaft type, characterized in that it is made combined from the upper, middle and lower belts, and structurally each belt in height is approximately one third of the apparatus, with the ability to control the process of blowing and receiving medium-temperature coke, carbon sorbent and associated gas for energy or technological purposes, not containing condensable pyrolysis products. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper zone consists of a loading hatch, a gas outlet pipe, a water seal and an electrothermal device. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle belt consists of a cylindrical body and a water jacket. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower belt is made in the form of a truncated cone and consists of a discharge device, a grate, a device for supplying air and / or cooling gas and thermoelectric sensors.