DK438087A - Schistosomprotein - Google Patents

Schistosomprotein

Info

Publication number: DK438087A
Authority: DK; Denmark
Prior art keywords: schistosomprotein
Prior art date: 1986-08-22

Application number

DK438087A

Other languages

English (en)

Other versions

DK438087D0 (da

DK173779B1 (da

Inventor

Paul Sondermeyer

Jean-Marc Balloul

Raymond Pierce

Jean-Marie Grzych

Marie-Paule Kieny

Gerard Loison

Andre Capron

Jean-Pierre Lecocq

Original Assignee

Transgene Sa

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1986-08-22

Filing date

1987-08-21

Publication date

1988-02-23

1986-08-22 Priority claimed from FR8611986A external-priority patent/FR2603040B1/fr

1987-04-22 Priority claimed from FR878705692A external-priority patent/FR2614305B2/fr

1987-04-22 Priority claimed from FR878705691A external-priority patent/FR2614315B2/fr

1987-08-21 Application filed by Transgene Sa filed Critical Transgene Sa

1987-08-21 Publication of DK438087D0 publication Critical patent/DK438087D0/da

1988-02-23 Publication of DK438087A publication Critical patent/DK438087A/da

2001-10-08 Application granted granted Critical

2001-10-08 Publication of DK173779B1 publication Critical patent/DK173779B1/da

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/02—Antidotes
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/43504—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
- C07K14/43536—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from worms
- C07K14/4354—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from worms from nematodes
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/43504—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
- C07K14/43536—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from worms
- C07K14/43559—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from worms from trematodes
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/70—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
- C12N15/73—Expression systems using phage (lambda) regulatory sequences
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
- C12N15/81—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1085—Transferases (2.) transferring alkyl or aryl groups other than methyl groups (2.5)
- C12N9/1088—Glutathione transferase (2.5.1.18)
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/24011—Poxviridae
- C12N2710/24111—Orthopoxvirus, e.g. vaccinia virus, variola
- C12N2710/24141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2710/24143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
- C12N2760/00011—Details
- C12N2760/20011—Rhabdoviridae
- C12N2760/20111—Lyssavirus, e.g. rabies virus
- C12N2760/20122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Landscapes

Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Zoology (AREA)
Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Biomedical Technology (AREA)
General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Molecular Biology (AREA)
Biotechnology (AREA)
Biochemistry (AREA)
Biophysics (AREA)
Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
Microbiology (AREA)
Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
Plant Pathology (AREA)
Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
Virology (AREA)
Toxicology (AREA)
Mycology (AREA)
Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
Public Health (AREA)
Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

DK198704380A 1986-08-22 1987-08-21 Schistosomprotein, DNA-fragment kodende for proteinet, ekspressionsenhed og viral vektor indeholdende DNA-fragmentet, celle transformeret med ekspressionsenheden, farmaceutisk præparat indeholdende proteinet eller vektoren, anvendelse af proteinet DK173779B1 (da)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
FR8611986A FR2603040B1 (fr)	1986-08-22	1986-08-22	Proteine, sequence d'adn, poxvirus, cellules et leur procede de culture, ainsi que les compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant, utiles dans la prevention de la schistosomose
FR8611986		1986-08-22
FR878705692A FR2614305B2 (fr)	1987-04-22	1987-04-22	Proteine p28ii utile notamment dans la prevention de la schistosomose et son procede de preparation.
FR8705691		1987-04-22
FR8705692		1987-04-22
FR878705691A FR2614315B2 (fr)	1987-04-22	1987-04-22	Application de la proteine antigenique p28 a titre d'agent presentant une activite glutathion-s-transferase.

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
DK438087D0 DK438087D0 (da)	1987-08-21
DK438087A true DK438087A (da)	1988-02-23
DK173779B1 DK173779B1 (da)	2001-10-08

Family

ID=27251391

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
DK198704380A DK173779B1 (da)	1986-08-22	1987-08-21	Schistosomprotein, DNA-fragment kodende for proteinet, ekspressionsenhed og viral vektor indeholdende DNA-fragmentet, celle transformeret med ekspressionsenheden, farmaceutisk præparat indeholdende proteinet eller vektoren, anvendelse af proteinet

Country Status (11)

Country	Link
US (1)	US5597570A (da)
EP (1)	EP0268501B1 (da)
JP (1)	JP3127261B2 (da)
KR (1)	KR880002894A (da)
CN (1)	CN87106696A (da)
AU (1)	AU613583B2 (da)
CA (1)	CA1340839C (da)
DE (1)	DE3788852T2 (da)
DK (1)	DK173779B1 (da)
ES (1)	ES2061521T3 (da)
PH (1)	PH31198A (da)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
NZ224663A (en) *	1987-05-28	1990-11-27	Amrad Corp Ltd	Fusion proteins containing glutathione-s-transferase and expression of foreign polypeptides using glutathione-s-transferase encoding vectors
FR2625099B1 (fr) *	1987-12-24	1991-06-14	Transgene Sa	Proteines et leur procede de preparation, sequences d'adn, anticorps et leur application, poxvirus, cellules transformees ou infectees et compositions pharmaceutiques utiles dans la prevention de la toxoplasmose
FR2657883A1 (da) *	1990-02-07	1991-08-09	Transgene Sa
IL100783A0 (en) *	1992-01-28	1992-09-06	Yeda Res & Dev	Vaccine against schistosomiasis
FR2688008B1 (fr) *	1992-02-28	1995-02-24	Pasteur Institut	Fragments d'acide nucleique codant pour des glutathion-s-transferases de s. bovis et s. haematobium, polypeptides codes par ces fragments, leur procede de production et leurs utilisations.
CA2141427C (en) *	1992-07-31	2008-07-22	Mohammed Anjam Khan	Expression of recombinant fusion proteins in attenuated bacteria
WO1995031105A1 (en) *	1994-05-13	1995-11-23	Thomas Jefferson University	A method of inducing an immune response using vaccinia virus recombinants
US6093700A (en) *	1995-05-11	2000-07-25	Thomas Jefferson University	Method of inducing an immune response using vaccinia virus recombinants encoding GM-CSF
ATE314483T2 (de)	2000-11-23	2006-01-15	Bavarian Nordic As	Variante des modifizierten vaccinia ankara virus
KR101044538B1 (ko) *	2002-09-05	2011-06-27	버베리안 노딕 에이/에스	무혈청 조건하에서 일차세포의 배양 및 바이러스의 증식방법
CN100393357C (zh) *	2004-11-26	2008-06-11	中南大学	一种抗血吸虫病的童虫细胞型疫苗
KR101245004B1 (ko)	2010-10-14	2013-03-19	원광대학교산학협력단	주혈흡충증 진단에 유용한 합성 주혈흡충 특이항원 및 이를 포함하는 주혈흡충증의 검출을 위한 진단 키트
US8734807B1 (en)	2013-04-06	2014-05-27	Gabriel Langlois-Rahme	Preventing and curing Schistosomiasis mansoni by inhibiting Trk receptors on female Schistosoma
US20230233652A1 (en) *	2020-04-16	2023-07-27	Par'immune Sas	28 kda gst proteins from schistosoma for the treatment of vasculitis

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4150107A (en) *	1974-04-29	1979-04-17	Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft	Antigen from schistosomes and process for obtaining same
US4396600A (en) *	1980-12-18	1983-08-02	Gus Gallucci	Adult schistosome worm-derived antigenic substance and method of obtaining same
US4384992A (en) *	1981-01-27	1983-05-24	Andre Capron	Novel peptide from cultures of Schistosoma mansoni, a process for producing it and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same
JPH0795954B2 (ja) *	1982-11-30	1995-10-18	アメリカ合衆国	外来性遺伝子発現のためのポックスウイルス組換え体の製造方法
US5051254A (en) *	1988-09-30	1991-09-24	The Johns Hopkins University	Immunoprophylactic polypeptides for schistosomiasis

1987
- 1987-08-18 AU AU77170/87A patent/AU613583B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-08-20 CA CA000545007A patent/CA1340839C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-20 EP EP87401915A patent/EP0268501B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-20 ES ES87401915T patent/ES2061521T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-20 DE DE3788852T patent/DE3788852T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-21 DK DK198704380A patent/DK173779B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-08-21 JP JP62209104A patent/JP3127261B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-21 PH PH35714A patent/PH31198A/en unknown
- 1987-08-22 KR KR870009208A patent/KR880002894A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-08-22 CN CN198787106696A patent/CN87106696A/zh active Pending
1992
- 1992-10-21 US US07/964,471 patent/US5597570A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
AU613583B2 (en)	1991-08-08
KR880002894A (ko)	1988-05-12
CA1340839C (fr)	1999-12-07
DK438087D0 (da)	1987-08-21
DE3788852T2 (de)	1994-08-25
JP3127261B2 (ja)	2001-01-22
EP0268501B1 (fr)	1994-01-19
ES2061521T3 (es)	1994-12-16
US5597570A (en)	1997-01-28
EP0268501A1 (fr)	1988-05-25
CN87106696A (zh)	1988-04-27
AU7717087A (en)	1988-05-19
DE3788852D1 (de)	1994-03-03
PH31198A (en)	1998-05-05
DK173779B1 (da)	2001-10-08
JPS63295599A (ja)	1988-12-01

Publication	Publication Date	Title
ATA13587A (de)	1994-12-15	Sportschuh
DK438087A (da)	1988-02-23	Schistosomprotein
ATA246886A (de)	1988-01-15	Schachtsystem
ATA48386A (de)	1988-08-15	Kranbahn
BR8701479A (pt)	1988-01-19	Rebolo
BR8605161A (pt)	1988-04-26	Palmilha
DK178786A (da)	1987-10-19	Vaeskecontainer
ATA179487A (de)	1990-12-15	Maishaecksler
BR8603768A (pt)	1988-05-17	Perspectivografo
BR8603659A (pt)	1988-02-09	Mini-infiltrometro
BR6601361U (pt)	1988-04-12	Marmiteira
BR8600416A (pt)	1987-09-01	Umidificador-ii
BR6600495U (pt)	1987-11-10	Micro-fragmentadora
BR6600559U (pt)	1987-12-01	Mini-tripe
BR6600838U (pt)	1987-05-19	Saleiro
BR6600849U (pt)	1987-06-23	Jaqueta-mochila
BR6600893U (pt)	1987-09-29	Aiveca
BR6601109U (pt)	1988-03-29	Elipsografo
BR6601110U (pt)	1988-03-29	Regua-multi-uso
BR6601142U (pt)	1987-02-10	Punho-colchao
BR6601164U (pt)	1988-04-05	Poster-postal
BR6601281U (pt)	1987-03-10	Aeromodelo
BR6601341U (pt)	1988-04-12	Bilboque
BR6601345U (pt)	1988-04-12	Lousa magica
BR6600378U (pt)	1987-11-03	Agenda-calendario

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2003-03-31	PBP	Patent lapsed	Country of ref document: DK