DK177570B1 - Highly insulated concrete element, as well as the use and method of manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A highly insulated concrete element is described with a reinforced 3, supporting rear wall 2, a thick layer of insulation 6, 7 and a relatively thin molded front wall 11 without reinforcement. The molded wall 11 is divided into sections or fields 12 separated by crack indicators 15. The crack walls 15 are covered by a sliding foil 17, 18. The front wall 11 is lined with a plaster 10 reinforced with a fiberglass mesh 9. When the wall 11 are affected by force impacts, e.g. from the wind or pressure / draft of the building's parts or thermal influences, the crack indicators 15 and the sliding foil 17, 18 will distribute the stresses that occur in the concrete slab in each field 12 in the front wall 11. These stresses are distributed to the fiberglass mesh 9 in the plaster 10 above the crack directions 15. This reduces the risk of crack formation in the surface of the concrete element. A method of making the highly insulated concrete element and its use is also described.

Description

DK 177570 B1

HIGHLY INSULATED CONCRETE ELEMENT, USE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF

The invention relates to a highly insulated concrete element comprising a reinforced rear wall, reinforced columns and beams connected to the rear wall and one or more layers of insulation material.

The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing the concrete element, as well as the use of the highly insulated concrete elements.

10

Prior Art In connection with the increasing demands for reducing heat loss from buildings, the thickness of the facades will grow to even very thick structures. This means that the prior art with a load-bearing concrete back wall - insulation-concrete faceplate (concrete sandwich elements) has significant disadvantages. The relatively heavy facade plate cannot be carried with the known technology when it has to be hung at 30 - 40 cm or greater distance from the supporting rear wall. A bracket which should be able to carry the front plate at a distance of 30-40 cm 20 from the stable back plate will be very strong and is usually of stainless steel. This construction will thus cause considerable bridges, especially with the heavy metal fittings, resulting in a reduction of the insulation capacity. A load-bearing sandwich element typically has a structure with 150 mm load-bearing rear wall, and, for example, 300 mm insulation, to meet the new 25 applicable national and any international requirements for insulation, and a faceplate typically 70 mm thick. This gives a total wall thickness of 520 mm. Compared to the previous rules for insulation requirements, and thus the smaller thicknesses of the wall elements, this results in a significant reduction in the net area of the buildings, typically of 30 5-7 m2 per apartment / dwelling.

2 DK 177570 B1 US 4,512,126 A describes a concrete element in which the supporting wall forms the front wall, and thus the exterior of the building. This construction is unsuitable as thermal influences from the surroundings will cause cracking to occur in the area between the supporting columns and beams of the element and the wall surface itself. As a result, the element loses its strength and leaks occur in the walls, which can cause moisture and mold problems indoors in the building.

EP 2 224 071 A2 discloses a highly insulated concrete element, the 10 reinforced supporting wall constituting the rear wall of the element, which thus faces the interior of the building. In order to comply with the requirements in Denmark for tightness and reduction of heat loss from buildings, the highly insulated concrete element contains a thick layer of pressure-resistant insulation, which is divided into 2 or more sub-layers. The outermost layer of the element, and thus of the building, is a plaster layer reinforced with fiberglass mesh. The fiberglass reinforced plaster layer is applied directly to the outer surface of the insulation layer. A similar element is also known from DE 200 10 281 U1.

20 These highly insulated concrete elements are particularly suitable as prefabricated concrete elements, but have some disadvantages. The relatively thin plaster that forms the facade of the building is not suitable for carrying items that need to be screwed into the outer wall, including e.g. signs, lamps and other electrical installations, etc. Furthermore, the polished facade surface may be susceptible to impacts and impacts which can deform the insulation layer and thus also cause cracks in the facade plaster. In addition, in order to fire-proof the concrete elements from the outside, it is necessary that the outermost insulating layer, or part of it, consists of pressure-resistant mineral wool. This results in an extra workflow during the actual production of the concrete element factory, this layer having to be attached to the other layer (s) of insulation, e.g. by bonding and / or by using insulation seams.

Objects of the Invention It is therefore an object of the invention to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a highly insulated concrete element and a method of manufacturing them. It is also an object of the invention to provide a concrete element suitable for prefabrication is made in a lightweight construction in which the insulation layer can be built up in thicknesses 10 which exactly corresponds to the energy class desired by the developer and which is free of cold bridges and therefore meets national and any international requirements for heat loss in buildings. In addition, we want to achieve: moisture resistance and / or shock / impact, maximum heat accumulation capacity, structures with load-bearing capacity for roof elements and / or floor separations, low weight, optimized thickness, high density after installation, molded tight joints, and high production friendliness, where most possible work is done under roof at factory.

The joints between the concrete elements are traditionally performed as with other 20 concrete element construction with toothed and possibly reinforced joints, which take into account slab effect, which ensures the stability of the building and the consistency (robustness) of the finished building.

It is a further object of the whole element manufacture that it is rational (short production time) and that various variants of the elements can be easily manufactured with small production changes.

Description of the Invention

These objects of the invention are achieved with a highly insulated concrete element, wherein the highly insulated concrete element has a prefabricated cast in concrete and is divided into fields and between which fields are crack indicators.

4 DK 177570 B1

This results in a highly insulated concrete element, with a significantly reduced risk of cracking in the finished exterior surface when the front wall is subjected to thermal stresses that cause the front wall to expand or contract and also have good fire protection. As the front wall of concrete is leveled after casting, the surface will be very flat and this increased flatness of the surface of the concrete element provides a better support for the subsequent application of a fiberglass reinforced plaster.

10

In addition, the facade's sensitivity to impact and shock is reduced, as the front wall improves the strength relative to a concrete element of the type described in EP 2 224 071 A2.

In addition, the strength of the facade on the concrete element according to the invention is increased, so that it is also possible to produce highly insulated concrete elements with a roof stern and without reinforcements in the stern, and it is possible to hang projected balconies and / or balcony entrances on the exterior of the building. Since the concrete layer constituting the front wall also covers any seam elements, and thus extends all the way to the edge of the door or window openings, these edges of the openings will also be substantially reinforced.

The hollow sound that emerges when knocking on the exterior / facade of a concrete element of the type described in EP 2 224 071 A2 is eliminated.

The concrete element according to the invention makes it possible to hang items, such as lamps, signs, etc., on the building's facade, since there is a fixed support to screw in the workpieces. It is also possible to cast wires and substrates for external electrical installations. In addition, the retention of the insulation layers in the highly insulated concrete elements is substantially improved over the concrete element described in EP 2 224 071 A2.

In one embodiment of the invention, a layer of a sliding foil is arranged over the crack directions. The slip foil ensures that the finishing touches do not stick to the crack directions. In this way, the fiberglass reinforced plaster stroke will spread freely over the crack directions. In this way, the fiberglass mesh can absorb and distribute the forces of the edge effect in the front wall fields over a larger area, so that the fiberglass mesh in the plaster is less likely to be deformed or damaged with cracking in the surface. By covering the cracks in one embodiment of the invention with the sliding foil, a workflow is saved in the production of the concrete element, avoiding having to lay the sliding foil when the front wall has been molded. In a further embodiment, the crack directions are made of a material on which concrete and / or a subsequent plaster stroke cannot adhere. This will make the crackers easier to produce, since it is not necessary to coat the crackers with the slip film.

15

The invention also relates to a method of making the front wall of the highly insulated concrete element, where after casting the reinforced rear wall of the concrete element and the supporting columns and beams one or more layers of insulation material are laid, the method comprising laying 20 crack indicators on the upper surface of the insulation material. so that these form a number of fields between the crack directions and the casting of a concrete layer to form a field-divided front wall in concrete.

In one variant of the method, the field divided front wall and crack directions 25 are applied to a plaster layer reinforced with fiberglass mesh. Prior to this, it is advantageous to remove excess concrete on the crack indicators after molding the front wall, ensuring that the surface of the crack indicators is clean so that the subsequent plaster does not adhere to the crack indicators.

In a further variant of the method, the front wall is clad with a wood, natural stone, a shell wall or combinations thereof, the latter being possibly attached to a substrate which can be fixed directly to the front wall.

Finally, the invention relates to the use of highly insulated concrete elements for the construction of buildings on one or more floors. When the concrete elements are prefabricated and e.g. If the reinforced plaster is applied to the element factory, the part of the work to be done on the construction site is minimized, since it is only the joints between the elements that must be completed with insulation and sealant, etc. In addition, the 10 joints are polished with fiberglass reinforced plaster so that the building can appear without visible joints between the elements.

The drawing In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which 1 is a cross-sectional view of a traditional concrete sandwich element; FIG. 2 shows a known high-insulated concrete element without molded concrete prefabrication, also seen in cross-section; FIG. Figure 3 shows mounted plate, beam and column reinforcement laid in the mold before casting the back wall of the concrete element according to the invention; 4 shows the first insulating layer of pressure-resistant insulation mounted after the back wall is cast in concrete and after fitting any folding elements for doors and windows; FIG. 5 shows the concrete element beams and columns cast in concrete; FIG. 6 shows the second layer of insulation mounted on the concrete element and the molded wall partially shown; FIG. 7 is a schematic sketch of the concrete element according to the invention, in which a molded faceplate is divided into sections or fields, and shown without the finishing touch, fig. 8 shows a cross section through a high-insulating concrete element; FIG. Fig. 9a shows a detail of a variant of the invention, seen in cross-section; Fig. 9b shows the same detail in a further variant of the invention seen in cross section; Figure 10 illustrates the anchoring of the front wall to the rear wall for receiving 5 of vertical force effects; 11 illustrates the anchoring of the front wall to the rear wall for absorbing horizontal forces such as wind forces; FIG. 12 illustrates the anchoring of the front wall to the rear wall via the folding element forming an edge around door or window openings; FIG. 13 shows the end of the concrete element at a stern; FIG. 14a shows in cross section a detail of anchoring a bracket for mounting balconies or staircases on the exterior of the building; 14b shows a principle sketch of the outside of the front wall at the anchorage of the bracket shown in FIG. 14a, FIG. 15 shows the joint between two highly insulated concrete elements; FIG. 16 is a cross-section through a joint between the elements of a floor separation; and FIG. 17a-d show examples of distribution of crack indicators and thus the field division into the front wall of highly insulated concrete elements according to the invention.

Detailed description

FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross section of a conventional sandwich element with 25 reinforced front plate 11 and back plate 2 and a layer of insulation 7 therebetween.

FIG. 2 shows a vertical cross section of a highly insulated concrete element according to EP 2 224 071 A2 with double insulation capacity compared to conventional sandwich elements having the same thickness. With a concrete element 2 of this type, national and any international requirements for the heat loss in 30 low or zero energy houses.

DK 177570 B1 8

The high insulating concrete element according to the invention can be seen in FIG. 7-17. The concrete element comprises a back wall 2 with columns 4 and beams 5. Both the back wall 2 and columns 4 and beams 5 are made of reinforced concrete 3 (see Fig. 3). Between columns 4 and beams 5 lie a first layer of insulation 6 and a second layer 5 of insulation 7, covering the first layer of insulation 6 and the surface of columns 4 and beams 5. On the second layer of insulation 7, a front wall 11 is molded.

The front wall 11 is preferably cast in fibrous concrete and is divided into a number of separate fields 12. It is preferred that the fields 12 of the front wall 11 are not steel reinforced but are anchored to the back wall 2 with a number of suspensions 13b (see Figures 5, 6, 10), as well as a number of anchors 14b (see Figures 5, 6, 11), see further explanation below. Between the panels 12 in the front wall 11 there are crack indicators 15 which are attached to the second layer of insulation 7 with a suitable anchorage 16, e.g. by adhesive and / or with seams 16, 15 e.g. of metal or preferably plastic. Thus, the crack indicators 15 surround each field 12 in the front wall 11 along its entire circumference. The crack guides 15 are preferably covered by a slip film 17, 18. The slip film 17, 18 prevents concrete from adhering to the crack indicator.

The front wall 11, ie. the fields 12 and crack directions 15 are covered by a layer of mineral plaster 10 reinforced with fiberglass mesh 9. Thereafter, a final wind and water repellent plaster layer may also be applied. It is preferred that the outermost strip of the front wall 11 along the edges of the concrete element be kept clear of plaster. The missing plaster along the edges can subsequently be applied to the building site after the concrete elements have been assembled. This will make the facade of the building appear as a surface with no visible joints. Alternatively, the wall 11 may be coated with another type of lining, e.g. a shell wall, wooden cladding ceramic tiles / tiles or cladding / slabs in natural stone.

30 9 DK 177570 B1

The manufacture of the concrete element according to the invention corresponds essentially to the manufacture of the highly insulated concrete element shown in FIG. 2 and described in EP 2 224 071 A1, as regards rear wall, columns, and beams and laying of the insulation layers, and which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 3-6 show molding of the reinforced rear wall 2 and reinforced supporting columns 4 and beams 5, laying of insulation layers 6, 7 and possible insertion of a folding element 8. The folding element 8 is described in EP 10 2224070 A, and provides a solid support, wherein doors and windows can be anchored, preferably with conventional screws. Concrete columns 4 and concrete beams 5 are limited by the casting on one side of the edge formwork 1 and on the other side of the first layer of the pressure-resistant insulation 6.

Suitable insulating materials are particularly pressure-resistant sheet metal materials, including mineral wool, e.g. glass or stone wool, foam glass, plastic-based insulating materials, including polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU or PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR) and / or combinations thereof.

20 The first layer 6 of the insulation material is placed on top of the cast back wall 2 so as to form a permanent formwork for the columns 4 and the beams 5. Thereafter, columns 4 and beams 5 are molded around their reinforcement. A further layer 7 of insulation is then applied which covers the first layer 6 of the concrete element as well as the front of the columns 4 and 25 of the beams 5, and thus extends at least all the way to the edge perpendicular to the plane of the element, or protrudes over the outer edge of the concrete element.

In FIG. 3, in the concrete element form 1, plate 3, beam and column reinforcement are mounted, which are statically optimized for each concrete element. DK 177570 B1 10 can also be installed for electrical and domestic water installations, etc. according to your wishes and needs.

Prior to the casting of the rear wall 2, a number of 5 hangings 13b and a number of anchors 14b, which are conventionally attached to the rear wall reinforcement 3, have been mounted, see below.

The surface of the back wall 2 which becomes visible on the finished concrete element, and thus is intended to face the interior of the finished building, 10 faces the bottom of the concrete element mold 1. After the molding of the back wall 2, any folding elements 8 for windows and / or doors are subsequently mounted. The mounting can e.g. This can be done by depressing the anchoring of the folding elements 8 into the still wet concrete of the back wall 2, or possibly screwing it into the fully or partially hardened concrete back wall 2.

15 In FIG. 4, a first layer of pressure-resistant insulation 6 is mounted in the concrete element mold 1, e.g. are made of hard mineral wool, polystyrene, glass foam or a combination thereof. The insulating material 6 is mounted to fill the areas on top of the rear wall 2 and out to the area of the supporting 20 columns 4 and beams 5 to form a permanent formwork in the casting of the statically optimized beams 5 and columns 4, which are shown cast in concrete. in Fig. 5. By using the pressure-resistant insulation 6 as permanent formwork for the supporting beams 5 and columns 4 in the rear wall structure, the dimensioning, i.e. the width and height of the supporting beams 5 and columns 4 are varied taking into account the strength requirements of the individual structures by a simple cutting of the first insulating layer 6 for variations of the width of beams 5 and columns 4. The depth of columns 5 and beams 4 can be is varied by varying the thickness of the insulating layer 6 as well as the height of the concrete element form 1 edge formwork.

30 11 DK 177570 B1

The second insulating layer 7 of the concrete element, which is also pressure resistant, is shown mounted on FIG. 6. As can be seen, the insulating layer 7 is laid on the concrete element and extends all the way to the outer edge of the concrete beams 5 and concrete columns 4 which are perpendicular to the plane of the concrete element 18. For example, if the concrete element. should cover a joint by a floor separation, (see Fig. 16) or act as finishing of the building at a corner, roof tile (see Fig. 13) or the like, other insulation layer will protrude beyond this edge of the concrete element, and the concrete element form 1 will of course be adapted to accommodate this second layer of insulation as well. The thickness of the total Insulation layer 10 is dimensioned according to the task and can cover everything from national and international minimum requirements up to the requirements for a zero-energy building. In practice, however, there should be at least 100 mm of insulation in front of columns and beams to avoid cold bridges.

15 Prior to casting the concrete element wall 11, a number of crack indicators 15 are applied to the surface of the last insulation layer 7, see e.g. FIG. 6, 8, 9a-b. The crack directions 15 divide the surface into preferably square or rectangular fields 12. For example, ca. 0.5-1 m crack crackers per m2 of surface of the concrete element, or preferably 0.6-0.8 20 m / m2, see examples of laying crack crackers 15 on various concrete elements according to the invention in fig. 17a-17d.

The crack directions 15 are attached to the insulation layer 7 with plastic or metal seam 16 (Figs. 9a, 9b) or alternatively can be adhered to, e.g. with 25 double-sided tape (not shown).

The crack indicia 15 is preferably made of a pressure-resistant material, including, for example, fibrous concrete, mineral wool, foam glass, or a synthetic material, e.g. PVC, PS, PUR, PIR or similar.

The crack indicators 15 are preferably made as long rods of a suitable cross-section which are, for example, square or rectangular in order to make the manufacture of the crack indicators 15 as simple as possible. However, the shape of the cross-section of the crack tips 15 is not essential, merely ensuring that they provide a surface of a suitable width between the fields 12 in the front wall 11. Thus, the cross-section 5 of the crack tips 15 may also correspond to the cross-section of a cone stump or have a dovetail shape.

In one embodiment, the surfaces of the crack indicators 15 are covered by a layer of sliding film 18, the function of which is described in more detail below.

10

Concrete, ie the front wall 11 is then cast in the normal way and is adjusted according to the formwork 1 on the concrete element form. The front wall is preferably cast in fibrous concrete.

15 In casting the front wall 11, the cracks indicate 15 will divide the front wall 11 into a number of fields 12 which are preferably square or rectangular.

The height of the cracks 15 substantially corresponds to the desired thickness 20 of the concrete layer in the wall 11, so that the cracks 15 are covered with the least possible concrete during the casting of the wall 11. It is preferred that the thickness of the wall 11, and thus also the height of the cracks, is 20-50 mm, preferably 25-40 mm. In comparison, a steel reinforced front wall in a traditional concrete sandwich element (see Fig. 1) will have a thickness between 70 and 90 mm.

It should be sought that the concrete B on the crack indicators 15 itself is removed, or alternatively that the crack indicators 15 are not covered with more than 3-4 mm concrete, see fig. 9b. When this thin layer of concrete B is cured, it will crack 30 along the edge of crack indicia 15, e.g. as the wall 11 expands or contracts when the concrete element is subjected to thermal stresses.

13 DK 177570 B1

After casting the concrete layer to the front wall 11, a sliding foil 17 is applied over all the crack indicators 15 to prevent the subsequent fiberglass 9 reinforced plaster 10 from bonding to the crack indicator 15. Thus, 5 ensures that the impact layer 10 binds only to the concrete panels 12 in the wall 11. The sliding foil 17 may have a width greater than the crack guides 15.

If crack cracks 15 are made with a surface of sliding foil 18, as described above, the laying of sliding foil 17 can be avoided and a workflow can be saved at the concrete element factory. A layer 10 of mineral 10 plaster reinforced with the fiberglass mesh 9 is laid out, preferably wet to wet, normally on the outside of the concrete element, ie. across the fields 12 and crack directions 15 in the front wall 11. Then apply a wind and water repellent plaster (not shown).

15 If the concrete element contains openings 25 for doors and / or windows, it would be advantageous for the wall 11 to be molded all the way to the edge of the socket elements 8 surrounding the door or window openings 25. The concrete layer in the wall 11 can be anchored to the socket elements 8 by fastening. screws, nails or similar anchoring means 20 along the edge at the opening 25 of the socket member 8, e.g. for every 200-400 mm, preferably every 250-350 mm.

After curing, the plaster will adhere to the concrete in the fields 12 of the front wall 11, but will not adhere to the area above the crack guides 15 due to the 25 sliding foil 17, 18. The fiberglass reinforced plaster 9, 10 will thus have "a free span" where it does not bind, which is up to approx. 50 mm or preferably between 25-35 mm.

The plaster 10, or rather the fiberglass reinforcement 9 herein, will distribute the force effect of thermal movements of the fields 12 of the front wall 11 to the entire area over the crack directions 15. Thus, any cracks that may arise will be so small that they will not become visible in the finished surface.

The field division 12 of the concrete element wall 11 allows the concrete in the wall wall 11 to expand and contract due to thermal influences from the surroundings, with the crack indicia forming a dilation joint / crack 9 between each concrete surface 12 in the field divided wall 11 and the surface 19a of the crack indicators. 15. For example, if the thermal motions are approx. 0.8 mm / field 12, the field division with crack indicators 10 15 will mean 0.4 mm crack on each side of the crack indicator (calculated at -20 ° C to +50 ° C). This field breakdown of the front wall 11 must ensure that the plaster stroke does not in principle adhere to the molding by the crack directions. Therefore, the sliding foil 15 is mounted above these before the plaster 10 and the fiberglass mesh 9 are laid out. That way, the plaster will '' span '' 15 across the width of the slide film.

The field splitting 12 of the front wall 11 of the concrete element controls the temperature-dependent expansion of the total front wall 11. Since the crack indicators 15 are made of a pressure-resistant material and, moreover, 20 are covered with the fiberglass-reinforced plaster 10, the entire faceplate 11 will appear without markings from the cracks 19 or crack indications 15 on the outer plaster surface of the concrete element.

If crack cracks 15 are made of a material such as plastic 25 that does not bond to the concrete and / or foundation 10, the sliding foil 17, 18 may be omitted.

The suspensions 13b are preferably conventional triangular mounts, which are fixed in the reinforcement 3 of the rear wall 2 and anchored to the front wall by mounting a cross bar 13c (see Fig. 6) in the tip of the triangle to be anchored in the front wall 11. These suspensions 13b work in principle. in the same way as conventional hangers 13a in traditional sandwich elements (see, for example, Fig. 1), ensuring vertical support of the molded wall 11 and can absorb vertical shear forces from the wall 11, see fig. 10. 0.7 suspensions should be placed per head. m2 surface of the element 5 or corresponding to a suspension 13b per square meter. field 12 in the front wall 11. The suspensions 13b are preferably of stainless steel and are dimensioned so that they pass through the insulation layers 6, 7 and thus are also anchored in the front wall 11. In order for the suspensions to pass through the insulation layers 6.7, slots are cut in the insulation layers 6.7 corresponding to the location of the suspensions 13b. If the fields 10 12 in the front wall 11 are up to 1.2x1.2 m, anchors 13b made in e.g. 2-6mm including preferably 3-5mm stainless steel wire shall be sufficiently stable and possess sufficient strength for most building purposes. In practice, it will usually suffice for one suspension 13b per second. field 12 in the front wall 11, although it is possible to use more than one suspension, e.g. two, 15 three, four or more, per field 12 of the front wall 11, if necessary.

Anchors 14b, in addition to retaining insulation layer (s) 6.7 between back and front walls 2, 11, must also act as anchors between rear wall 2 and front wall 11, these anchors 14b in particular absorbing horizontal force effects, e.g. from the wind. For example, the anchors 14b are made of stainless steel wire having a diameter dimensioned to the required breaking load. After casting the front wall 11, the outer free end of each anchor 14b is bent into the wet concrete over a cross bar 14c (see Fig. 6) to secure the anchorage in the wall 11. In a preferred embodiment of the concrete element, the anchors 14b have a breaking load of 3-5 kN / pcs, preferably 3.8 - 4.5 kN / pcs, which corresponds to anchors 14b of stainless steel wire with a diameter of 2-6 mm, preferably 2.5-4mm, when the front wall 11 is divided into fields 12 of the size described above.

30 If the cast front wall 11 of the concrete element is in fibrous concrete and, for example, has a thickness of 30 mm, suspensions 13b and anchors 14b can span up to 0.90 m for elements with the maximum thickness of the insulating layers 6 , 7.

This means, for example, that an average of at least two anchors 5 per position must be placed. field 12 of up to 1.2 x 1.2 m in the front wall 11.

In practice, it will usually be sufficient to mount two to four anchors 14b and a suspension 13b for each field in the front wall 11 of up to 1.2 x 1.2 m. Thus, each field 2 in the front wall 11 will have at least three points per head. field 12, wherein field 12 10 is anchored to the rear wall 2.

Since the front wall 11 of the concrete element is not steel reinforced, concrete elements with a reduced thickness front wall can be produced as compared to a traditional sandwich concrete element. When the front wall 11 is divided into fields 15 12, one can reduce the size of the suspensions 13b and anchors 14b which anchor each field 12 in the front wall 11 to the back wall 2. This significantly reduces the risk of cold bridges through the wall. The field splitting 12 of the front wall 11 below the fiberglass reinforced plaster, 9, 10 ensures that the edge effects to which each individual field 12 in the front wall 20 11 is exposed due to changes in temperature or other influences will be distributed to the fiberglass reinforcement 9 in the plaster. 10 in the entire area above the crack directions 15. This is possible since the plaster in this area does not adhere to a substrate. As a result, the deformation resulting from the force exertion is distributed to a larger area, and therefore the risk of cracks occurring where the fiberglass reinforcement 9 is deformed or possibly ruptured will be significantly reduced, as will the cracks that occur in the the area above the crack indicators 15 will be substantially smaller in size.

30 The pre-cast concrete elements can be taken out of the mold and completed with the installation of doors and / or windows at the concrete element factory, and otherwise installed on the construction site as described in EP 2 224 071 A2, and as shown in fig. 15, with columns 4 and / or beams 5 being molded with concrete 21 between two adjacent elements. Insulating material 22 is placed in the joint between the insulating layers 6, 7 in the adjacent elements, e.g. in the form of PU foam 5 or mineral wool. If necessary, a grout substrate 23a is applied.

Then, a mastic joint 23 is placed between the front walls 11 of the two adjacent elements. The mastic joint 23 absorbs the movements that occur between neighboring fields 12 on two neighboring elements when the front wall 11 is subjected to thermal stresses. Finally, the joint is completed by laying a fiberglass mesh 9 over the joint and covering the joint with a plaster layer 10, as described above, whereby the entire facade will appear without visible joints between the concrete elements.

FIG. Figures 14a-14b show how brackets 26 can be mounted for fixing 15 raised balconies or staircases / balconies on the exterior / facade of the building in a concrete element according to the invention.

The bracket 26 is mounted in the rear wall reinforcement 3 prior to the casting of the back wall 2. In the area 11 a around the bracket 26, the thickness of the insulating layer 7 is reduced, so that the cast concrete wall 11 achieves an increased thickness in this area 11a to stabilize the bracket 26. in particular with respect to pressure and drag and / or by weight of the balcony / cooling passage, which causes a torque on the bracket 26. The wall 11 is in one embodiment anchored to the rear wall 3 with one or more additional 25 hangings. at a distance around the bracket, see fig. 14b), thereby reducing the risk of cracks in the outermost plaster in the area around the brackets 26 for fixing balconies or stools.

Claims (11)

18 DK 177570 B1 High-insulated concrete element comprising a reinforced rear wall, reinforced columns and beams connected to the rear wall, and one or more layers 5 of insulation material, characterized in that the highly insulated concrete element has a precast wall (11) which is cast in concrete and is divided into fields (12) and between which fields (12) are located crack indicators (15). High-insulated concrete element according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer of sliding film (17, 18) is arranged over the crack directions (15). High-insulated concrete element according to claim 2, characterized in that the crack marks (15) are coated with the sliding foil (18). High-insulated concrete element according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the crack instructions (15) are made of a material on which concrete and / or a subsequent applied plaster (10) cannot adhere. High-insulated concrete element according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the front wall (11) is lined with a fiberglass (10) reinforced plaster (9) and / or a wood, natural stone, a shell wall and / or combinations. thereof. A method of fabricating the front wall of a highly insulated concrete element, wherein the concrete element comprises a reinforced rear wall with supporting beams and columns, and one or more layers of insulation material, where after casting the reinforced rear wall of the concrete element (2) and the supporting columns (4). ) and beams (5) are laid one or more layers of insulating material (6, 7), the method comprising laying crack indicators (15) on top of the upper surface of the insulating material (6, 7) to form a number of fields (12 ) 19 DK 177570 B1 between the crack indicators (15) and the casting of a concrete layer to form a field divided (12) front wall (11) in concrete. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that a layer of 5 sliding foil (17, 18) is applied over the crack indicia (15). Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that excess concrete is removed on top of the cracks (15) after the molding of the front wall (11). Method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that the front partition (12) front wall (11) and crack directions (15) are applied to a plaster (10) reinforced with fiberglass mesh (9). Method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that the front wall (11) is coated with a wood, natural stone, a shell wall or combinations thereof. Use of a highly insulated concrete element according to any one of claims 1-5 or prepared by the method according to any of claims 6-10 to 20 for the construction of buildings on one or more floors.