DK166910B1

DK166910B1 - SUSPENSION DEVICE FOR SPRING AND ABSORBING ABSORPTION OF AID POWER

Info

Publication number: DK166910B1
Application number: DK587087A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Felix Schneider; Henry Huebsch; Herbert Buedenbender
Original assignee: Waggon Union Gmbh
Priority date: 1986-11-12
Filing date: 1987-11-10
Publication date: 1993-08-02
Also published as: DK587087D0; FI874916A; ATE65060T1; NO874602D0; NO168164B; DE3771309D1; DE3638597A1; EP0268061A1; ES2025116B3; DD275019A5; NO168164C; FI88278C; CS757887A2; DK587087A; CS274617B2; EP0268061B1; FI88278B; FI874916A0; NO874602L

Abstract

The invention relates to a buffer gear for rail vehicles comprising two telescopically nesting countersprung housing sections (buffer sleeve 1 and buffer ram 2) and in the sleeve buffer a pressure cylinder (3), supported at one end against a housing section, with a plunger (4) protruding from the other end of the pressure cylinder (3) and supported against the other housing section, which plunger at its end extending into the cylinder carries a plunger head (4b), the pressure cylinder (3) being filled with a compressible elastomer (20). The object of the invention is to design the buffer gear so that its energy absorption can be accurately gauged by simple means, the static characteristic of which is insensitive and durable even under extreme stresses by virtue of suitably designed components, which can be built into any existing buffer. This object is achieved in that the pressure cylinder (3) has two elastomer chambers (15) and (16) separated by a guide ring (17) containing apertures, the cross section of a first elastomer chamber (15) receiving the plunger head (4b) matching the plunger head (4b) with a predefined degree of play and the second elastomer chamber (16) having a larger diameter. <IMAGE>

Description

DK 166910 B1DK 166910 B1

Opfindelsen angår et stødaggregat til fjedrende og absorberende optagelse af stødkræfter, især hylsterpuffere til skinnekøretøjer, omfattende to husdele, som er indført i hinanden på teleskopagtig måde og sammen-5 spændt mod hinanden mod en fjederkraft, en i den ene husdel anbragt trykcylinder, et fra trykcylinderen ragende plungerstempel, som støtter mod den anden husdel, hvilket plungerstempel på sin i trykcylinderen værende ende bærer et stempelhoved, hvor trykcylinderen er 10 fyldt med et kompressibelt medium og har to af en føringsring adskilte mediumkamre.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a shock assembly for resilient and absorbent absorption of shock forces, in particular rail buffers for rail vehicles, comprising two housings which are telescopically inserted and mutually pressed together against a spring force, a pressure cylinder disposed in one housing member, the plunger plunger bearing a plunger piston which supports against the second housing portion, which plunger plunger on its end in the plunger cylinder carries a piston head, the plunger cylinder being filled with a compressible medium and having two medium chambers separated by a guide ring.

Hylsterpuffere af den ovennævnte art, som omfatter to husdele, som er indført i hinanden på teleskopagtig måde og spændt mod hinanden mod en fjederkraft, 15 og en i hylsterpufferen anbragt trykcylinder, som med sin ene ende støtter mod den ene husdel, og fra hvis anden ende der rager et plungerstempel frem er kendt fra praksis (konstruktionstype Jarret). Her er en af hylsterpufferens husdele direkte udformet som trykcy-20 linder og fyldt med en kompressibel elastomer. Et på langs af trykcylinderen bevægeligt, centralt i en lukkemøtrik ført plungerstempel med et stempelhoved i trykcylinderen støtter med en stempelstang via en fjeder mod den anden husdel. Trykcylinderen er indvendigt 25 cylindrisk og fuldstændig fyldt med elastomer. Stempelhovedet har her spillerum til den indre cylindervæg.Sheath buffers of the aforementioned kind, comprising two housing parts which are inserted into each other in a telescoping manner and tensioned against each other against a spring force, 15 and a pressure cylinder arranged in the sheath buffer, which with one end supports against one housing part and from the other end projecting a plunger piston is known from practice (construction type Jarret). Here, one of the housing parts of the sleeve buffer is directly formed as a pressure cylinder and filled with a compressible elastomer. A plunger piston which is longitudinally displaced by the pressure cylinder, centrally located in a closing nut with a piston head in the pressure cylinder, supports with a piston rod via a spring against the other housing part. The pressure cylinder is internally 25 cylindrical and completely filled with elastomer. Here, the piston head has clearance for the inner cylinder wall.

Ved sammentrykning af pufferen bliver plungerstemplet med sit stempelhoved trykket ind i trykcylinderen og komprimerer derved elastomeren. En ulempe ved denne ud-30 førelse er, at plungerstemplets føring kun er en glide-føring i lukkemøtrikken, som i dette hårdt belastede element er tilbøjelig til at blive slidt. Selv mindre slid i stempelføringerne bevirker en utæthed af trykrummene i trykcylinderen. Denne utæthed indvirker 35 straks ufordelagtigt på pufferens statiske karakteristik. Desuden optræder der ved den beskrevne kendte DK 166910 B1 2 konstruktion, på grund af den cylindriske opbygning af trykrummet, i trykcylinderen et for højt tilbageslag, således at den krævede energiabsorption ikke opnås.By compressing the buffer, the plunger piston with its piston head is pressed into the pressure cylinder, thereby compressing the elastomer. A disadvantage of this embodiment is that the plunger piston guide is only a sliding nut in the closing nut, which in this heavily loaded element is prone to wear. Even minor wear in the piston guides causes a leakage of the pressure spaces in the pressure cylinder. This leakage immediately adversely affects the static characteristics of the buffer. In addition, due to the cylindrical structure of the pressure chamber, in the disclosed known DK 166910 B1 2 construction, a high kickback occurs in the pressure cylinder, so that the required energy absorption is not achieved.

Videre kendes fra DE offentliggørelsesskrifter 5 nr. 2 851 041 og nr. 3 035 922 stødaggregater, som har en trykcylinder med plungerstempel, hvor trykcylinderen er fyldt med en kompressibel elastomer. Trykcylinderens opbygning svarer i det væsentlige til det fra Jarrets udførelse kendte. De har dermed også de samme 10 ulemper.Further, from DE publication no. 2 851 041 and no. 3 035 922, there are known shock assemblies which have a plunger piston pressure cylinder in which the pressure cylinder is filled with a compressible elastomer. The structure of the pressure cylinder corresponds essentially to that known from the embodiment of the jar. They also have the same 10 disadvantages.

Fra FR offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 1 234 184 kendes endnu et stødaggregat af den indledningsvis anførte art, som har en trykcylinder med et ud af trykcylinderen ragende, mod en husdel støttende plunger-15 stempel, som på sin ende inde i trykcylinderen bærer et stempelhoved, hvor et kammer af trykcylinderen er fyldt med et kompressibelt medium, og et andet kammer, som er adskilt fra det første kammer ved hjælp af en tæt lukkemøtrik, er fyldt med olie eller med olie og et kom-20 pressibelt medium, og det kompressible medium i de to kamre kan påfyldes under tryk gennem ventiler. Det kammer, som optager stempelhovedet, svarer derved i diameter til stempelhovedet, som på sin yderside er forsynet med tætnings- eller føringsringe. I den cylind-25 riske væg af det oliefyldte kammer findes langsgående noter, gennem hvilke olien strømmer ind i rummet bag stempelhovedet ved trykbelastning af stødaggregatet.From FR Publication No. 1,234,184, there is known yet another shock assembly of the type initially provided, which has a plunger cylinder projecting from the plunger cylinder against a plunger 15 supporting a housing part, which at its end carries a plunger head, in which a chamber of the pressure cylinder is filled with a compressible medium, and a second chamber, which is separated from the first chamber by means of a tight closure nut, is filled with oil or with oil and a compressible medium, and the compressible medium in the two chambers can be filled under pressure through valves. The chamber which receives the piston head thus corresponds in diameter to the piston head, which is provided with sealing or guide rings on its outside. In the cylindrical wall of the oil-filled chamber are longitudinal grooves through which the oil flows into the space behind the piston head by compressive loading of the impactor.

Ved denne udførelsesform kræver indretningen af to fuldstændig fra hinanden adskilte trykrum, navnlig ved 30 det af en gas bestående kompressible medium, et stort opbud med hensyn til aftætning. Endelig vil afhængigt af systemet ved et friløbsstød blive opnået et stort tilbagestød.In this embodiment, the arrangement of two completely spaced-apart pressure compartments, in particular at the gas compressible medium, requires a large sealing arrangement. Finally, depending on the system in the event of a free kick, a large kickback will be achieved.

Fra DE patentskrift nr. 471 804 kendes desuden 35 en væskebremse, navnlig til puffere i jernbanevogne, hvor der i husdelen af pufferen er indrettet en separat trykcylinder.Furthermore, from DE Patent Specification No. 471 804 35 a fluid brake is known, in particular for buffers in railway wagons, where a separate pressure cylinder is arranged in the housing part of the buffer.

3 DK 166910 B13 DK 166910 B1

Den foreliggende opfindelse tilsigter at anvise et stødaggregat af den indledningsvis omtalte art til fjedrende og absorberende optagelse af stødkræfter, hvis energiabsorption nøje kan doseres med enkle mid-5 ler, og som også ved de kraftigste belastninger er slidfast og tæt således at den statiske karakteristik bibeholdes, og som iøvrigt undgår ulemperne ved de ovenfor beskrevne udførelsesformer.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to provide a shock assembly of the type mentioned above for resilient and absorbing shock forces, the energy absorption of which can be meticulously dosed with simple means, and which, even under the strongest loads, is durable and tight so that the static characteristic is maintained. and which, moreover, avoids the disadvantages of the above-described embodiments.

Dette er ifølge opfindelsen opnået ved, at en 10 separat trykcylinder er indrettet i husdelene, at begge mediumkamrene er fyldt med en elastomer, at der i føringsringen findes huller for uhindret gennemstrømning af elastomeren, at det første kammer optager stempelhovedet med et defineret spillerum, og det andet kammer 15 har en større diameter end det første kammer.This is achieved by the invention in that a separate pressure cylinder is arranged in the housing parts, that both medium chambers are filled with an elastomer, that there are holes in the guide ring for unobstructed flow of the elastomer, that the first chamber occupies the piston head with a defined clearance, and the second chamber 15 has a larger diameter than the first chamber.

Foretrukne udførelsesformer er beskrevet i krav 2-4. Ifølge opfindelsen er det første elastomerkammer sædvanligvis cylindrisk. Det er dog muligt ifølge opfindelsen, at fremstille det første elastomerkammer 20 konisk med indsnævrende diametre fra føringsringen for at ændre karakteristikken.Preferred embodiments are described in claims 2-4. According to the invention, the first elastomer chamber is usually cylindrical. However, it is possible according to the invention to produce the first elastomer chamber 20 conically with narrowing diameters from the guide ring to change the characteristic.

Det har vist sig fordelagtigt, at det andet kammer har en større diameter end det første kammer, og at der i det andet kammer ved siden af elastomeren er på-25 fyldt en gas maksimalt i en mængde, således at elastomerspejlet med stødaggregatet i arbejdsstilling (vandret) står over åbningerne. En fordel ved stødaggregatet ifølge opfindelsen ligger navnlig i, at ved de to elastomerfyldte kamre i trykcylinderen, kan det andet 30 kammer udformes med større volumen end det første kammer, hvorved stødaggregatets statiske karakteristik samt stødaggregatets tilbageløb efter et fuldendt stød er nøje defineret. Gennem påfyldningen af gas ved siden af elastomeren i det andet kammer i defineret mængde 35 bliver for det første den statiske karakteristik for stødaggregatet yderligere påvirket fordelagtigt og for 4 DK 166910 B1 det andet formindskes faren for en for stor forandring af den statiske karakteristik ved små tryktab.It has been found advantageous that the second chamber has a larger diameter than the first chamber, and that in the second chamber next to the elastomer, a gas is filled up to a maximum amount, so that the elastomer mirror with the shock assembly in working position ( horizontally) facing the openings. In particular, an advantage of the shock assembly of the invention lies in the fact that at the two elastomer-filled chambers of the pressure cylinder, the second chamber can be formed with a larger volume than the first chamber, whereby the static characteristics of the shock assembly as well as the return of the shock assembly after a complete shock are well defined. Firstly, through the filling of gas next to the elastomer in the second chamber in defined quantity 35, the static characteristic of the shock assembly is further advantageously affected and, secondly, the danger of an excessive change in the static characteristic of small pressure losses is reduced. .

Endelig giver den foreliggende opfindelse mulighed for at opbygge en forhåndenværende hylsterpuffer 5 uden forandring af huset gennem indbygning af trykcylinderen.Finally, the present invention allows to build an existing casing buffer 5 without changing the housing by incorporating the pressure cylinder.

Stødaggregatet ifølge opfindelsen har fortrinsvis to føringer for plungerstemplet. Herigennem undgås en kantstilling af plungerstempelstangen og dermed hur-10 tig nedslidning af føringen. En yderligere fordel ved stødaggregatet ifølge opfindelsen er indretningen af trykaflastningsnoten. Ved komprimering af elastomeren efter et stød, kan trykket i trykaflastningsnoten kun bygges langsomt op på grund af det definerede spille-15 rum mellem bunden af lukkemøtrikken og stempelstangen, således at ved det kun ganske kortvarigt optrædende højeste kompressionstrin for stødaggregatet er trykket i trykaflastningsrummet væsentligt mindre end i arbejdsrummet af trykcylinderen. Herigennem undgås en overbe-20 lastning af aftætningen af stempelstangen i forhold til lukkemøtrikken.The shock assembly according to the invention preferably has two guides for the plunger piston. This avoids an edge position of the plunger piston rod and thus rapid wear of the guide. A further advantage of the shock assembly according to the invention is the arrangement of the pressure relief note. When compressing the elastomer after a shock, the pressure in the pressure relief groove can only build up slowly due to the defined clearance between the bottom of the closing nut and the piston rod, so that at the only very brief highest compression stage of the shock assembly, the pressure in the pressure relief chamber is substantially less. than in the working space of the pressure cylinder. This prevents overloading of the seal of the piston rod with respect to the closing nut.

I det følgende vil opfindelsen blive nærmere beskrevet ved hjælp af et udførelseseksempel med henvisning til tegningen, som viser et langsgående snit gen-25 nem et stødaggregat ifølge opfindelsen.In the following, the invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the drawing which shows a longitudinal section through a shock assembly according to the invention.

Det på tegningen viste stødaggregat er en hylsterpuffer til skinnekøretøjer, hvis ydre komponenter omfatter et pufferhylster 1 og en pufferstøder 2.The shock assembly shown in the drawing is a sleeve buffer for rail vehicles whose outer components comprise a buffer sleeve 1 and a buffer sleeve 2.

I hylsterpufferen er anbragt en trykcylinder 3, som 30 med sin ende ligger an mod pufferstøderen 2 indvendig, i hvilken trykcylinder der er et af en stempelstang 4a og et stempelhoved 4b bestående plunger-stempel 4 som kan forskydes på langs. Stempelstangen 4a støtter med sin frie ende mod bunden 5 af puffer-35 hylsteret 1. Trykcylinderen 3 er i sin åbne ende forsynet med en lukkemøtrik 6, som har en central bo- 5 DK 166910 B1 ring med en første føring 7 til stempelstangen 4a.In the casing buffer is placed a pressure cylinder 3 which 30 with its end engages internally of the buffer support 2, in which is a longitudinally displaceable plunger piston 4 consisting of a piston rod 4a and a piston head 4b. The piston rod 4a supports with its free end against the bottom 5 of the buffer casing 1. The pressure cylinder 3 is provided at its open end with a closing nut 6, which has a central bushing with a first guide 7 to the piston rod 4a.

Nær den mod arbejdsrummet vendende ende af lukkemøtrikken 6 er der i den centrale boring en rundtgående trykaflastningsnot 8. Den mellem trykaflastningesno-5 ten 8 og trykcylinderen 3's arbejdsrum tilbageværende kant 6a af lukkeventilen 6 har et defineret spillerum i forhold til stempelstangen 4a. Mellem trykaflastningsnoten 8 og føringen 7 i lukkeventilen 6 er der tætninger 9 og afstrygerringe 10.Near the end of the closure nut 6 facing the work space is a circular pressure relief groove 8. In the central bore, the remaining edge 6a of the closing valve 6a between the pressure relief node 8 and the working cylinder 3 has a defined clearance in relation to the piston rod 4a. Between the pressure relief groove 8 and the guide 7 in the closing valve 6, there are seals 9 and stripper rings 10.

10 Lukkemøtrikken 6 har videre henholdsvis én med en lukkeprop li lukket kanal 12 til trykcylinderen 3' s arbejdsrum og én med en gaspåfyldningsventil 13 lukket kanal 14 til trykcylinderen 3*s arbejdsrum. Trykcylinderen 3's arbejdsrum er opdelt i et første 15 elastomerkammer 15 og et andet elastomerkammer 16, hvor det første elastomerkammer 15 i udførelseseksemplet er cylindrisk, i diameter svarende til stempelhovedet 4b med et defineret spillerum, og det andet elastomerkammer 16 også er fortrinsvis cylindrisk med 20 en større diameter. Det første elastomerkammer 15 og det andet elastomerkammer 16 er adskilt fra hinanden af en føringsring 17, som har en anden føring 18 for stempelstangen 4a og er forsynet med åbninger 19. Elastomerkammeret 15 er fuldstændigt og elasto-25 merkammeret 16 såvidt fyldt med en elastomer 20 af polymethylhydrogensiloxan-gruppen, at når hylsterpufferen er i arbejdsstilling (vandret), står elastomerspej-let højere end den øverste åbning 19 i føringsringen 18. I det andet elastomerkammer 16 er der foruden 30 elastomeren 20 påfyldt en gas 21 i en defineret mængde.The closure nut 6 further has one, respectively, with a closure plug 1 in closed passage 12 for the working chamber 3 of the pressure chamber and one with a gas filling valve 13 closed passage 14 for the working cylinder 3 *. The working chamber 3 of the pressure cylinder 3 is divided into a first elastomer chamber 15 and a second elastomer chamber 16, wherein the first elastomer chamber 15 in the embodiment is cylindrical, in diameter corresponding to the piston head 4b with a defined clearance, and the second elastomer chamber 16 is also preferably cylindrical with 20 larger diameter. The first elastomer chamber 15 and the second elastomer chamber 16 are separated from each other by a guide ring 17 having a second guide 18 for the piston rod 4a and provided with openings 19. The elastomer chamber 15 is complete and the elastomer chamber 16 is filled with an elastomer 20. of the polymethylhydrogen siloxane group, that when the sheath buffer is in the working position (horizontally), the elastomer mirror is higher than the upper opening 19 of the guide ring 18. In the second elastomer chamber 16, in addition to the 30 elastomer 20, a gas 21 is filled in a defined amount.

Elastomeren 20 og gassen 21 bliver forspændt i trykcylinderen 3. Ved et sammenstød trænger plun-gerstemplet 4 med sit stempelhoved 4b ind i elasto-35 merkammeret 15, komprimerer og fortrænger den sig i dette elastomerkammer 15 befindende elastomer 20The elastomer 20 and the gas 21 are biased in the pressure cylinder 3. In a collision, the plunger piston 4, with its piston head 4b, enters the elastomer chamber 15, compresses and displaces itself in this elastomer chamber 15

Claims

6 DK 166910 B1 past the piston head and unobstructed through the openings 19 in the guide ring 17 to the second elastomer chamber 16. In the second elastomer chamber 16, in addition to the elastomer 20, the gas 21 is compressed. Because of the edge 5 6a of the closure nut 6 and the pressure relief groove 8, the peak value of the pressure is kept away from the sealing 9 of the closure nut 6. the buffer to its initial position. 15

A shock assembly for resilient and absorbent absorption of impact forces, in particular sleeve buffers for rail vehicles, comprising two housing parts (1 and 2) which are telescopically inserted into each other and compressed 20 against one another against a spring force, one in one housing part (2). a pressure cylinder (3), a plunger piston (4) projecting from the pressure cylinder (3), which supports against the second housing part, which plunger piston (4) carries on its end in the pressure cylinder (3) a piston head (4b), wherein the pressure cylinder ( 3) is filled with a compressible medium and has two medium chambers (15 and 16) separated by a guide ring (17), characterized in that a separate pressure cylinder (3) is arranged in the housing parts (1 and 2), that both medium chambers (15) and 16) is filled with an elastomer (20) so that in the guide ring (17) there are holes (19) for unobstructed flow of the elastomer (20), that the first chamber (15) receives the piston head (4b) with a defined clearance and that the second chamber (16) has a stub diameter than the first chamber (15).

A shock assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the second chamber (16), in addition to the elastomer (20), a gas (21) is filled in a maximum amount such that the elastomer mirror when the shock assembly is in the working position (horizontal), face the openings (19) in the guide ring (17).

Shock assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston rod (4a) is guided by a first guide (7) in a central bore of a closing cylinder (3) in the pressure cylinder (3), that in the closing nut (6) ) near the end facing the second chamber (16) in the central bore is provided a circumferential pressure relief groove (8) and having the remaining edge (6a) of the closing nut (6) between the pressure relief groove (8) and the chamber (16) a defined clearance relative to the piston rod (4a).

Shock assembly according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first chamber (15) is tapered with decreasing diameter from the guide ring (17).