DK164610B

DK164610B - PROCEDURE FOR DETECTING AN UNDERGROUND, METALLIC LEADER AND CONNECTOR CIRCUIT FOR USING THE PROCEDURE

Info

Publication number: DK164610B
Application number: DK186890A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Hugo Rasmussen
Original assignee: Hugo Rasmussen
Priority date: 1990-08-06
Filing date: 1990-08-06
Publication date: 1992-07-20
Also published as: WO1992002834A1; DK164610C; DK186890A; DK186890D0

Description

-1--1-

DK 164610 BDK 164610 B

Den foreliggende opfindelse omhandler en fremgangsmåde til 5 sporing af en underjordisk metallisk leder under anvendelse af et pejleudstyr og et antal underjordiske markører og et udstyr til gennemførelse af fremgangsmåden.The present invention relates to a method for tracking an underground metallic conductor using a bearing equipment and a plurality of underground markers and equipment for carrying out the method.

Fra beskrivelsen til U.S.A. patent no. 4.119.908 er det kendt at placere markører langs en underjordisk ledning tæt 10 ved samlinger eller afgreninger. Markørerne er udformet som en plan spole, der er seriekoblet med en kondensator og har en egenfrekvens, der svarer til en frekvens, der påføres ledningen fra en transmitter, der fortrinsvis er sluttet til ledningen. Disse markører er udformet som en 15 lukket enhed, der hverken har tilslutning til jord eller andre ledere. Markørerne placeres i jorden med spolen i et vandret plan. Til sporing af ledningen anvendes en modtager med en antennespole, der kan opfange det signal, der udsendes fra ledningen. I markørerne induceres en veksel-20 spænding, så der fra markørerne udsendes et signal med samme frekvens som signalet fra ledningen, men med en anden orientering. Ved sporing af ledningen svinger en person, der går langs ledningen, modtageren fra side til side på tværs af ledningen. Når modtageren passerer ledningen, vil 25 modtageren vise et minimalt udslag, medens udslaget er maksimalt i yderstillingerne. Ved passage af en markør er udsvinget omvendt størst, når modtageren passerer markøren og mindst i yderstillingerne. Man kan således spore såvel selve ledningen som de steder, ud for hvilke der er pla-30 ceret en markør.From the description to U.S.A. patent no. 4,119,908 is known to place markers along an underground conduit close to 10 at joints or branches. The markers are designed as a flat coil which is connected in series with a capacitor and has an intrinsic frequency corresponding to a frequency applied to the wire from a transmitter preferably connected to the wire. These markers are designed as a 15 enclosed unit with no connection to ground or other conductors. The markers are placed in the ground with the coil in a horizontal plane. To track the wire, a receiver with an antenna coil is used which can capture the signal emitted from the wire. In the markers, an alternating voltage is induced so that a signal is output from the markers at the same frequency as the signal from the wire, but with a different orientation. When tracing the cord, a person walking along the cord will swing the receiver from side to side across the cord. When the receiver passes the cord, the receiver will show a minimum strike while the strike is maximum in the outer positions. In the case of passing a marker, the fluctuation is inversely greatest when the receiver passes the cursor and least in the outer positions. Thus, one can trace both the cord itself and the places for which a marker is placed.

Dersom transmitteren er direkte sluttet til ledningen, må ledningen på et eller andet sted være tilgængelig for direkte tilslutning af transmitteren. Uvedkommende kan derfor koble sig ind på systemet. Dersom transmitteren ikke 35 er direkte sluttet til ledningen, overføres signalet ved induktion. Det er en ulempe herved, at dersom der ligger flere ledninger i jorden, vil der induceres et signal i hver ledning. Når man derefter pejler signalet, ved man -2-If the transmitter is directly connected to the cord, the cord must be accessible at some point for direct connection of the transmitter. Therefore, unauthorized persons can connect to the system. If the transmitter is not directly connected to the wire, the signal is transmitted by induction. It is a disadvantage that if several wires are in the ground, a signal will be induced in each wire. When you then signal the signal, you know -2-

DK 164610 BDK 164610 B

ikke, hvilken ledning man går efter.not what cord to follow.

Fra beskrivelsen til tysk offentliggørelsesskrift no.From the description to German publication no.

5 DE 3 151 523 er det kendt at identificere en nedgravet markør ved hjælp af en kombineret sende-modtage enhed, hvor sende- og modtagedelen er koblet således, at der er mindst mulig kobling mellem senderen og modtageren.In DE 3 151 523, it is known to identify a buried marker by means of a combined transmit-receive unit, the transmitting and receiving part being coupled so that there is as little coupling as possible between the transmitter and the receiver.

Markøren eller markørerne er udformet som en lukket enhed, 10 der hverken har tilslutning til jord eller til andre ledere, og som er afstemt til en frekvens, der svarer til senderens. Ved maksimalt udslag på modtageren er markøren lokaliseret.The marker or markers are designed as a closed unit, 10 having no connection to ground or to other conductors, and tuned to a frequency corresponding to that of the transmitter. At the maximum impact on the receiver, the cursor is located.

Ulempen ved anvendelse af elektroniske markører ved lokali-15 sering af kabler er, at man får udpeget enkeltpunkter på kabelstrækningen og herefter må flugte forbindelseslinien mellem de enkelte punkter i håb om, at den elektroniske markør ikke ved jordsætning eller anden påvirkning har forskudt sit pejlepunkt.The disadvantage of using electronic markers when locating cables is that individual points are identified on the cable line and then the connection line must be aligned between the individual points in the hope that the electronic marker has not shifted its waypoint by grounding or other influence.

20 Fra beskrivelsen til U.S.A. patent no. 4 862 088 er det kendt at lokalisere og registrere tilstanden i splejsninger på kabler ved på splejsestedet at indbygge en elektronisk markør. Ved hjælp af en sende-modtage enhed induceres et elektromagnetisk signal i kablet. Dette signal kan regi-25 streres på modtageren, og når sende-modtage enheden er placeret over markøren, er det modtagne signal enten maksimalt eller minimalt afhængigt af udformningen af den elektroniske markør. Markørerne er således udformet, at egenfrekvensen varierer med tryk, temperatur og fugtighed i 30 splejsningen således, at disse tilstandsstørrelser kan registreres.20 From the description to U.S.A. patent no. No. 4,862,088, it is known to locate and record the state of splice on cables by incorporating an electronic marker at the splice site. An electromagnetic signal is induced in the cable by means of a transmit-receive device. This signal can be recorded on the receiver, and when the transmit-receive device is positioned above the cursor, the received signal is either maximum or minimum depending on the design of the electronic marker. The markers are designed such that the intrinsic frequency varies with pressure, temperature and humidity in the splice so that these state sizes can be recorded.

Det er endvidere kendt at inducere et elektrisk signal i et underjordisk kabel ved hjælp af en generator, der udsender et signal i frekvensområdet 50-100 kHz. Hvis der i jorden 35 under generatoren findes kabler, opfanges det elektriske signal i disse. Ved hjælp af en pejlemodtager, der er afstemt til den valgte frekvens, kan det registreres, hvorvidt der er kabler i det pågældende område. Imidlertid fårFurthermore, it is known to induce an electrical signal in an underground cable by means of a generator that emits a signal in the frequency range 50-100 kHz. If cables are found in ground 35 below the generator, the electrical signal is intercepted therein. With a tuner tuned to the selected frequency, it is possible to detect whether there are cables in that area. However, get

DK 164610 BDK 164610 B

-3- man ingen oplysning om, hvilke kabler der er tale om.-3- no information on which cables are involved.

Det er endvidere vanskeligt at følge et bestemt kabel ved denne fremgangsmåde, idet uvedkommende kabler på stedet kan 5 opfange signalet. Dersom kablerne længere henne på strækningen går i hver sin retning, ved man ikke, hvad man går efter.Furthermore, it is difficult to follow a particular cable in this method, as unauthorized cables at the site can intercept the signal. If the cables continue along the route in each direction, you do not know what to look for.

I forbindelse med etablering af lysledere har man for at undgå vagabonderende jordstrømme samt lynstrømme undgået 10 enhver form for metaltråde i lyslederkablet. Man har derfor i et vist omfang opmærket lyslederkabler med elektroniske markører afstemt til forskellige frekvenser.In connection with the establishment of light conductors, in order to avoid vagabonding ground currents as well as lightning currents, 10 all kinds of metal wires in the fiber optic cable have been avoided. Therefore, to a certain extent, fiber optic cables with electronic markers have been tuned to different frequencies.

Ulempen ved anvendelse af elektroniske markører ved lokalisering af kabler er, som tidligere nævnt, at man får ud-15 peget enkeltpunkter på kabelstrækningen og herefter må flugte forbindelseslinien mellem de enkelte punkter.The disadvantage of using electronic markers when locating cables is, as mentioned earlier, that single points are identified on the cable line and then the line of connection between the individual points must be aligned.

I forbindelse med nedlægning af lysledere er man også begyndt at nedlægge advarselsbånd med en indbygget isoleret metallisk sporingstråd langs lederen. Lokalisering af et 20 sådant advarselsbånd forudsætter imidlertid, at sporingstråden er ført op til jordoverfladen eller, at der graves ned til tråden.In connection with the laying of light conductors, warning strips have also been started with a built-in insulated metallic tracking wire along the conductor. However, locating such a warning band assumes that the tracking wire has been brought up to the ground surface or that the wire is being dug down to the wire.

Det er formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse at anvise en fremgangsmåde til lokalisering af underjordiske ledere 25 eller ledninger, ved hvilken ulemperne ved de kendte fremgangsmåder undgås.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for locating underground conductors 25 or wires which avoids the disadvantages of the known methods.

Dette opnås ved fremgangsmåden som angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 1.This is achieved by the method as set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Herved opnås, at man med sikkerhed kan lokalisere en be-30 stemt leder eller ledning i hele dens længde. Man behøver ikke at have kontakt til lederen. Uvedkommende kan derfor ikke koble sig ind på systemet. Da en koblingskreds kan indstilles på mange forskellige frekvenser, kan man til hver enkelt leder eller ledning eller hver enkelt ledertype 35 anvende en bestemt frekvens. F.eks. kan man til lysleder-Hereby it is obtained that one can safely locate a particular conductor or wire throughout its length. You do not need to contact the manager. Therefore, unauthorized persons cannot connect to the system. Since a switching circuit can be tuned to many different frequencies, a specific frequency can be used for each conductor or wire or each conductor type 35. Eg. you can

DK 164610 BDK 164610 B

-4- kabler anvende en frekvens, til stærkstrømskabler en anden, til TV kabler en tredie o.s.v. Kun personer, der har udstyr, der er afstemt til denne bestemte frekvens, kan 5 således pejle den pågældende leder.-4- cables use one frequency, for high current cables another, for TV cables a third etc. Thus, only persons who have equipment tuned to this particular frequency can detect the conductor concerned.

Krav 2 omhandler en svingnings- eller koblingskreds, der anvendes ved gennemførelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1.Claim 2 discloses a pivot or coupling circuit used in carrying out the method of claim 1.

Krav 3 omhandler en udførelsesform for en koblingskreds, der anvendes ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen.Claim 3 relates to an embodiment of a coupling circuit used in the method according to the invention.

10 Krav 4 omhandler en særlig udførelsesform for koblingskredsen, hvorved man undgår at etablere jordforbindelse.Claim 4 relates to a particular embodiment of the coupling circuit, thereby avoiding grounding.

Krav 5 omhandler en særlig form for tilslutning af koblingskredsen til et elektrisk kabel, der skal spores.Claim 5 relates to a particular form of connection of the coupling circuit to an electrical cable to be tracked.

Opfindelsen skal forklares nærmere i det følgende under 15 henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 viser skematisk en koblingskreds til anvendelse ved udøvelsen af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, hvor koblingskredsen er koblet til en ledning, der skal spores, fig. 2 viser et til det i fig. 1 viste svarende billede, 20 men med en anden form for jordforbindelse, fig. 3 viser en til det i fig. 1 viste svarende billede, men med en tredie form for jordforbindelse, fig. 4 viser et til det i fig. 1 viste svarende billede, men hvor koblingskredsen er sluttet til et elektrisk kabel, 25 fig. 5 viser skematisk et snit gennem en koblingsklemme til anvendelse i forbindelse med den i fig. 4 viste kabeltilslutning, fig. 6 viser skematisk et snit gennem en antennespole til en koblingskreds, der anvendes ved udøvelse af fremgangs-30 måden ifølge opfindelsen, og fig. 7 viser et snit efter linien I-I i fig. 6.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 schematically shows a coupling circuit for use in the practice of the method according to the invention, wherein the coupling circuit is coupled to a line to be traced; FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but with a different type of grounding, FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but with a third type of grounding, FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, but in which the coupling circuit is connected to an electrical cable, FIG. 5 schematically shows a section through a coupling terminal for use in connection with the one shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 schematically shows a section through an antenna coil to a coupling circuit used in the practice of the invention; and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 6th

-5--5-

DK 164610BDK 164610B

Som vist på fig. 1 er ifølge opfindelsen en svingningseller koblingskreds 1 nedgravet i jorden et stykke under jordoverfladen 2, og den er direkte koblet til en leder 5 eller ledning 3, der skal lokaliseres. Koblingskredsen 1 er afstemt til en frekvens i området 20-150 kHz.As shown in FIG. 1, according to the invention, a pivot or coupling circuit 1 is buried in the ground a short distance below the ground surface 2 and it is directly connected to a conductor 5 or conduit 3 to be located. The switching circuit 1 is tuned to a frequency in the range of 20-150 kHz.

Koblingskredsen 1 lokaliseres ved hjælp af modtagedelen i en transceiver 4, der består af en kombineret sende- og modtagedel, hvorefter transceiveren anbringes på jord-10 overfladen 2 tilnærmelsesvis lodret over koblingskredsen 1. Koblingskredsen er således orienteret, at den i den nævnte stilling af transceiveren 4 har maksimal kobling til transceiveren. Herefter indstilles transceiveren 4 til at sende på en frekvens, der svarer til koblingskredsens 1 afstemte 15 frekvens. Herefter kan ledningen 3 spores ved hjælp af en selvstændig pejlemodtager 5, der er afstemt til den anvendte f rekvens.The switching circuit 1 is located by means of the receiving part in a transceiver 4, which consists of a combined transmitting and receiving part, after which the transceiver is placed on the ground surface 2 approximately vertically above the switching circuit 1. The switching circuit is so arranged that in the said position of the transceiver 4 has maximum connection to the transceiver. Next, the transceiver 4 is set to transmit at a frequency corresponding to the tuned frequency of the switching circuit 1. Thereafter, the line 3 can be traced by means of an independent pointer receiver 5 which is tuned to the frequency used.

Koblingskredsen 1 er anbragt i et vandtæt hus 6, og den omfatter en antennespole 7, der fortrinsvis er udformet som 20 en eet-lags spole, og en afstemningskomponent i form af en kondensator 8. Det i koblingskredsen 1 inducerede signal overføres over en komponent 9, der i sin simpleste form kan være en kondensator, men som også kan være et resonanskredsløb, der er afstemt til den anvendte frekvens, til 25 ledningen 3, der skal spores, og som er tilsluttet koblingskredsen 1 ved en terminal 10. Koblingskredsen er jordet ved tilslutning af en jordledning 11 til en terminal 12. Via lederens 3 kapacitet til jord eller ved eventuelt at jorde lederen 3 i den modsatte ende føres signalet til 30 jord og retur til koblingskredsens jordpunkt. Koblingskredsen kan indstilles på en bestemt, ønsket egenfrekvens, der derefter holdes konstant, f.eks. ved at spolen er forskydeligt monteret i forhold til kernen 16.The coupling circuit 1 is arranged in a waterproof housing 6, and it comprises an antenna coil 7, preferably formed as a one-layer coil, and a tuning component in the form of a capacitor 8. The signal induced in the coupling circuit 1 is transmitted over a component 9. which in its simplest form can be a capacitor, but which can also be a resonant circuit tuned to the frequency used, to the wire 3 to be tracked and connected to the coupling circuit 1 at a terminal 10. The coupling circuit is grounded by connecting a ground wire 11 to a terminal 12. Via the conductor 3 capacity to ground or, optionally, grounding the conductor 3 at the opposite end, the signal is transmitted to ground 30 and returned to the ground point of the coupling circuit. The switching circuit can be set to a certain desired frequency, which is then kept constant, e.g. in that the coil is slidably mounted relative to the core 16.

Som vist på fig. 6 og 7 kan koblingskredsen 1 være udformet 35 med et udvendigt rør 13, i hvilket koncentrisk er monteret et andet rør eller spoleform 14, hvorpå spolen 7 er viklet. Koncentrisk i røret 14 er anbragt et tredie rør 15. I mellemrummet mellem hylstrene 14 og 15 kan der være anbragt et antal ferritstave 16, der f.eks. kan have cylinderform.As shown in FIG. 6 and 7, the coupling circuit 1 may be formed 35 with an outer tube 13, in which another tube or coil shape 14 is concentrically mounted, on which the coil 7 is wound. Concentric in the tube 14 is placed a third tube 15. In the space between the casings 14 and 15, a number of ferrite rods 16 may be arranged, e.g. may have cylinder shape.

40 Ferritstavene er fastgjort til røret 15, og de er placeret40 The ferrite rods are attached to the pipe 15 and are located

DK 164610 BDK 164610 B

tæt ved den indvendige væg af spoleformen 14. Spoleformen 14 kan forskydes i aksial retning for finafstemning.close to the inner wall of the coil mold 14. The coil mold 14 can be displaced in the axial direction for fine tuning.

-6--6-

Som vist på fig. 2 kan koblingskredsens 1 jordterminal 12 5 være sluttet til en anden leder 17, f.eks. metallederen i et advarselsbånd.As shown in FIG. 2, the ground terminal 12 5 of the coupling circuit 1 may be connected to another conductor 17, e.g. the metal conductor in a warning band.

Som vist på fig. 3 kan koblingskredsens 1 jordforbindelse også etableres ved, at der til terminalen 12 er sluttet en plan plade 18 af et elektrisk ledende materiale, der er 10 indbygget i koblingskredsens 1 hus 6 tæt ved og parallelt med en af husets sider, f.eks. bunden 19.As shown in FIG. 3, the grounding of the coupling circuit 1 can also be established by connecting to the terminal 12 a flat plate 18 of an electrically conductive material 10 built into the housing 6 of the coupling circuit 1 close to and parallel to one of the sides of the housing, e.g. bottom 19.

Som vist på fig. 4 kan koblingskredsen 1 være koblet til en elektrisk ledning 3 ved hjælp af en plade 20, der er monteret, så den har en kapacitativ overgang til ledningen 3.As shown in FIG. 4, the coupling circuit 1 may be coupled to an electrical conduit 3 by means of a plate 20 mounted so that it has a capacitive transition to the conduit 3.

15 Pladen 20 kan være bøjelig, så den kan fastklemmes uden på ledningen 3, og den kan som vist på fig. 5 være indlejret i et isolerende materiale 21, der har mindre materialetykkelse på den side, der vender mod ledningen 3 end på den side, der vender mod jord.The plate 20 may be flexible so that it can be clamped to the outside of the conduit 3 and as shown in FIG. 5 may be embedded in an insulating material 21 having less material thickness on the side facing the conduit 3 than on the side facing the ground.

20 Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er det muligt at arbejde med forskellige frekvenser således, at de enkelte lokaliseringssystemer kan kodes. Således kan lysledere have en kode, telekabler en anden o.s.v. Med størrelsen af koblingskredsens antennespole og resonanskredsens godhed 25 (Q) kan den overførte pejleeffekt varieres.In the method according to the invention it is possible to work at different frequencies so that the individual location systems can be encoded. Thus, light conductors may have one code, telecommunication cable another, etc. With the size of the antenna coil of the coupling circuit and the goodness of the resonant circuit 25 (Q), the transmitted bearing power can be varied.

Koblingskredsene kan derfor rent mekanisk fremtræde i forskellige udformninger afhængigt af, om der ønskes koblingskredse til at sikre en række korte stikledninger til huse i f.eks. et villakvarter eller om der ønskes lokaliserings-30 mulighed over længere strækninger.The switching circuits can therefore appear purely mechanically in different designs depending on whether or not switching circuits are desired to secure a number of short plugs for houses in e.g. a residential neighborhood or if location option is desired over longer distances.

Koblingskredsens hus 6 og selve koblingskredsen udføres eller monteres i kunststofmateriale, der er langtids-bestandig overfor påvirkninger fra den omgivende jord.The housing 6 of the coupling circuit and the coupling circuit itself are designed or mounted in plastic material that is long-term resistant to influences from the surrounding soil.

Selvom det i beskrivelsen er omtalt, at der anvendes spoler 35 med en indlagt kerne, kan selsagt også spoler uden kerne tænkes anvendt.Although it is disclosed in the specification that coils 35 with an inlaid core are used, it is also possible to use coils without a core.

Claims

A method of tracking an underground metallic conductor (3), wherein the conductor (3) is electrically coupled to a transmitter applying to the conductor a frequency recorded by a bearing device where, at a given location, in a desired location depth below the ground surface, a vibration or coupling circuit (1) electrically coupled to one or more underground conductors (3) to be tracked and tuned to a particular desired frequency is in the range 20 150 kHz, characterized in that the coupling circuit (1) is located by means of a transceiver (4), after which the transceiver (4) is placed on the ground in the immediate vicinity of and preferably vertically above the coupling circuit (1) so that the coupling circuit (1) is oriented so that it has maximum coupling to the transceiver in this position, and switching the transceiver (4) to a frequency corresponding to the tuned frequency of the switching circuit (1), after which the metallic conductor is tracked by a self-tuning transceiver (5) by means of the signal disconnected from the coupling circuit (1) on the conductor (3).

A coupling circuit for use in the practice of claim 1, wherein the coupling circuit (1) is disposed in a waterproof housing (6) and consists of an antenna coil (7) preferably formed as a one-layer coil and having a core (16), and a tuning component (8) in the form of a capacitor, characterized in that the coupling circuit comprises a component (9) in the form of a transfer capacitor or resonant circuit for transmitting the signal 30 to a metallic conductor (3), that is connected to the coupling circuit (1) at a terminal (10), that the coupling circuit is connected to ground at a terminal (12), and that the frequency of the coupling circuit (1) can be set to a certain desired value, e.g. in that the coil (7) is slidably mounted relative to the core (16).

Coupling circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the coupling circuit (1) comprises an outer tube (13), a first inner tube or coil shape (14), on which the coil (7) is wound and which is mounted concentrically with the tube (13), another inner concentric tube (15) of less diameter than the coil mold (14), and a plurality of cylindrical ferrite rods (16) located in the space between the coil mold (14) and the tube (15) close to the inner side of the coil mold (14), that the coil mold (14) with the coil (7) is slidably mounted in axial direction with respect to the ferrite rods (16), and that the capacitor (8) and component (9) are mounted internally in the tube (15).

Coupling circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the coupling circuit is connected via the terminal (12) to a flat plate (18) of an electrically conductive material which is built into the housing (6) of the coupling circuit (1) close to and parallel to one of the sides of the house, e.g. bottom (19).

Clutch circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the clutch circuit (1) is connected via the terminal (10) to a flexible plate which can be clamped in position exterior 20 on an electrical cable (3) and which consists of a metal plate (20). ) that is built-in, e.g. embedded in an insulating material (21) having a greater material thickness on the side of the plate facing the ground than on the side facing the cable.