DK156737B

DK156737B - PROCEDURE FOR BUILDING AND REMOVING CONSTRUCTION PARTS

Info

Publication number: DK156737B
Application number: DK326387A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Markku Karhumaeki
Original assignee: Markku Karhumaeki
Priority date: 1985-10-28
Filing date: 1987-06-26
Publication date: 1989-09-25
Also published as: FI75637B; SE8702604L; DK156737C; CA1282935C; SE8902682D0; FI854207A0; FI75637C; FI854207L; WO1987002733A1; SE8702604D0; DK326387D0; DK326387A; SE460493B

Description

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Opfindelsen angâr en fremgangsmâde til opbygning og demontering af konstruktionsdele og af den i indlednin-gen til krav 1 angivne art.The invention relates to a method of constructing and dismantling structural parts and of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Ved byggearbejde er adskillige slags midlerti-5 dige konstruktionsdele n0dvendige. Ved byggearbejde b0r demontering af sâdanne konstruktionsdele foregâ sa hurtigt som muligt efter gennemf0relsen af det trin i byggearbejdet, hvortil den midlertidige konstruktionsdel er fremstillet.For construction work, several types of temporary structural parts are needed. In the case of construction work, dismantling of such structural parts should take place as soon as possible after completion of the construction work for which the temporary structural part has been manufactured.

Som eksempler pâ de midlertidige konstruktionsdele, der 10 falder inden for opfindelsens rammer, kan nævnes betonforme og forskallinger. Disse demonteres generelt manuelt under anvendelse af hândværkt0j, sâsom brækjern med næb. Denne fremgangsmâde er meget tidr0vende og endvidere er sikkerhe-den omkring arbejdet problematisk.Examples of the temporary structural parts which fall within the scope of the invention may be mentioned concrete forms and formwork. These are generally manually disassembled using hand tools, such as broken beakers. This approach is very time-consuming and, furthermore, the safety of the work is problematic.

15 Sâledes kendes fra britisk patent nr. 1.269.049 en speciel forskallingsform, hvortil der anvendes trykslan-ger, sâledes at en f0rste slange holder formen sammen, og en anden slange fjerner eller I0sner formen. Denne form kan kun anvendes i forbindelse med specialkonstruktioner, som 20 f.eks. i forbindelse med forme til st0bning af gulvelemen-ter. En sâdan st0beform til gulvelementer omfatter en relativt kompliceret underst0tningskonstruktion, som, hvis den skal genanvendes til st0bning af andre dele, f.eks. plane vægge, f0rst skal adskilles ved hjælp af f.eks.Thus, from British Patent No. 1,269,049, a special formwork form for which pressure hoses are used is known so that a first hose holds the mold together and another hose removes or loosens the mold. This form can only be used in connection with special constructions, such as e.g. in connection with molds for molding floor elements. Such a mold for floor elements comprises a relatively complicated support structure which, if it is to be reused for molding other parts, e.g. planar walls, first of all must be separated by means of e.g.

25 brækjern med næb og dernæst skal hâve fjernet de anvendte s0m eller boite, f0r nye midlertidige konstruktionsdele kan opbygges til st0bning af nævnte plane vægge.25 brackets with beak and then have to remove the used seam or boite before new temporary structural parts can be constructed for casting said flat walls.

Det er formâlet med den foreliggende opfindelse at eliminere de ovenfor beskrevne ulemper og tilvejebringe 30 en fremgangsmâde af nævnte art, hvorved demonteringen af de til en konstruktionsdel samlede elementer let og hurtigt kan ske, og det sâ skânsomt, at de pâgældende elementer ikke beskadiges nævneværdigt, men kan genanvendes til opbygning af andre konstruktionsdele. Dette formâl opnâs ved en frem-35 gangsmâde, som er ejendommelig ved foranstaltningerne i krav 1's kendetegnende del. Ved hjælp af fremgangsmâden kan byg-ningskonstruktionselementerne meget hurtigt og let adskilles 2It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages described above and to provide a method of the above-mentioned type, whereby the disassembly of the elements assembled into a structural part can be easily and quickly effected, and so scant that the elements in question are not significantly damaged. but can be reused for building other structural parts. This object is achieved by a method which is peculiar to the measures in the characterizing part of claim 1. By means of the method, the building structural elements can be separated very quickly and easily 2

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fra fastg0relseselementerne ved i den lukkede struktur at indlede et trykmedium til ekspansion af strukturen, og der-med ud0ves et tryk mellem bygningskonstruktionselementet og fastg0relseselementets bund til elementernes indbyrdes ad-5 skillelse. Derved trækkes samtidig sammenf0jningsorganerne ved hjælp af fastg0relsesfladerne fri af deres indgreb med konstruktionselementet pâ sâ skânsom vis, at ogsâ disse kan genanvendes. Konstruktionselementerne og fastg0relses-elementerne kan eventuelt anvendes som konstruktionsdele i 10 en ny midlertidig konstruktionsdel. Hovedidëen bag opfindel-sen er sâledes at anvende den ekspanderende lukkede struktur til demontering af hele konstruktionsdelen, sâledes at de oprindelige komponenter frig0res fra hinanden og kan genanvendes til opbygning af andre konstruktionsdele.from the fasteners by initiating in the closed structure a pressure medium for expansion of the structure, and thereby a pressure is applied between the building structural member and the bottom of the fastener to the separation of the elements. At the same time, the joining means are pulled free of their engagement with the structural element by means of the attachment surfaces in such a way that they can also be reused. The structural elements and the fastening elements may optionally be used as structural members in a new temporary structural component. Thus, the main idea of the invention is to use the expanding closed structure to disassemble the entire structural member so that the original components are disassembled and can be reused for the construction of other structural members.

15 Andre egnede og fordelagtige udf0relsesforraer for fremgangsmâden fremgâr af de tilh0rende underkrav.Other suitable and advantageous embodiments of the method are set forth in the appended claims.

Opfindelsen vil i det f0lgende blive nærmere forklaret under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 skematisk og perspektivisk viser en bræddevæg op-20 bygget i overensstemmelse med fremgangsmâden if01ge opfindelsen, fig. 2 viser et tværsnit af bræddevæggen if0lge fig. 1, og fig. 3 et snitbillede af konstruktionens démonteringstrin.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which 1 is a schematic and perspective view of a board wall constructed in accordance with the method of the invention; FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the board wall according to FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the dismantling stage of the structure.

Fig. 1 og 2 viser en bræddevæg, som kan anven-25 des som betonform, hvori bygningskonstruktionselementerne, sâsombrædder 1, som er placeret side om side, sammenf0jes ved hjælp af et aflangt £astg0relseselement 2 i en retning pâ tværs af konstruktionselementernes længderetning.FIG. 1 and 2 show a board wall which can be used as a concrete form in which the building structural elements, such boards 1 placed side by side, are joined together by an elongated fixing element 2 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the structural elements.

Som det fremgâr af tegningen er fastg0relseselementet 2 30 hensigtsmæssigt et profillegeme fremstillet af pladelignen-de materiale, sâsom pladejern. Elementets tværprofil omfat-ter.en mellemdel 3 af i hovedsagen U-form og ved begge sider af mellemdelen 3 har fastg0relsesdele 4 en i hovedsagen plan form. Overfladerne 4' af nævnte fastg0relses-35 dele, der vender mod ü-formens âbningsretning, er fastg0-relsesflader, ved hvilke fastg0relseselementerne 2 er blevet sammenf0jet med bygningskonstruktionselementerne 1 ved hjælp af stifter 5, der rager vinkelret ud fra nævnte 3As can be seen from the drawing, the securing element 2 is suitably a profile body made of sheet-like material, such as sheet iron. The transverse profile of the element comprises an intermediate portion 3 of substantially U-shape and at both sides of the intermediate portion 3, attachment portions 4 have a substantially planar shape. The surfaces 4 'of said fasteners 35 facing the opening direction of the ü-mold are fasteners, where the fasteners 2 have been joined to the building construction elements 1 by means of pins 5 projecting perpendicularly from said 3

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overflader 4'. Fastg0relsesdelene 4 er i det væsentlige i samme plan, og de er parallelle med midterdelens 3 U-forms plane bund 3 1 . Kombinationen af konstruktionselementer-ne 1 og fastg0relseselementets centrale del 3 definerer i 5 det væsentlige et aflangt mellemrumsSystem eller langstrakt kammer, hvori den lukkede struktur er anbragt. Den lukkede struktur 6 har r0rform,og længden af den lukkede struktur svarer i det væsentlige til længden af fastg0relseselemen-tet. .Den lukkede r0rformede struktur 6 er lukket ved sin 10 ane ende, og dens anden ende er forbundet med en trykmedium-kilde. Den lukkede struktur g0res flad under konstruktio-nens opf0relsestrin, sâledes at dens indre overflader lig-ger indbyrdes an. Den lukkede strukturs ydre overflader vender mod konstruktionskomponenterne 1, f.eks. brædderne, 15 og endvidere mod et fyldelement 7, som er anbragt inde i den U-formede mellemdel 3. Formâlet med fyldelementet 7 er at fylde det langstrakte kammer i en sâdan grad, at den udfladede lukkede struktur 6 fylder resten af kammeret. Tværsnittet af mellemdelen 3,specielt U- eller V-formet, 20 ma være sâledes konstrueret, at elementet har den 0nskede stivhed, specielt b0jningsstivhed. Dette betyder, at tvær-snitsomrâdet af detlangstrakte kammer i mange praktiske tilfælde er for stort til den lukkede struktur 6. For pâ den ene side at kombinere stivhedskravene til elementet 25 og den anden side det rum, der kræves til den udfladede lukkede struktur, anvendes et fyldelement 7. Eftersom enderne af fastg0relseselementerne er âbne, kan den lukkede struktur 6 og eventuelt ogsâ fyldelementet 7 in-stalleres inde i det lukkede langstrakte kammer efter 30 at bræddevæggen er fremstillet. Naturligvis kan installa-tionen af disse komponenter udf0res f0r eller under kon-struktionen.surfaces 4 '. The fastening members 4 are substantially in the same plane and are parallel to the plane bottom 3 1 of the middle portion 3 U-shape. The combination of the structural elements 1 and the central part 3 of the fastening element essentially defines an elongated space system or elongated chamber in which the closed structure is arranged. The closed structure 6 is tubular and the length of the closed structure corresponds substantially to the length of the fastener. The closed tubular structure 6 is closed at its anterior end and its other end is connected to a pressure medium source. The closed structure is made flat during the construction phase of the construction, so that its internal surfaces are mutually aligned. The outer surfaces of the enclosed structure face the structural components 1, e.g. the boards, 15 and furthermore against a filler element 7 disposed within the U-shaped intermediate member 3. The purpose of the filler element 7 is to fill the elongated chamber to such an extent that the flattened closed structure 6 fills the rest of the chamber. The cross-section of the intermediate member 3, especially U or V-shaped, must be so constructed that the element has the desired stiffness, especially bending stiffness. This means that, in many practical cases, the cross-sectional area of the elongated chamber is too large for the closed structure 6. To combine, on the one hand, the stiffness requirements for the element 25 and on the other, the space required for the flattened closed structure. a filling member 7. Since the ends of the fastening members are open, the closed structure 6 and optionally also the filling member 7 can be installed inside the closed elongated chamber after the board wall is manufactured. Of course, the installation of these components can be carried out before or during construction.

Under démonteringstrinnet sættes den lukkede struktur under tryk ved h.jælp af trykmedium i hulrummet.During the dismantling step, the closed structure is pressurized by the aid of pressure medium in the cavity.

35 Trykket forârsager ekspansion af den lukkede struktur, hvorved fastg0relseselementet og bræddevæggen l0snes fra hinanden som vist pâ fig. 6 pâ grund af trykkraften 9, 435 The pressure causes expansion of the closed structure, thereby loosening the fastener and the board wall as shown in FIG. 6 due to the compressive force 9, 4

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der virker pâ bræddevæggen 1 og den raodsat rettede tryk-kraft 10, der virker diametralt modsat i forhold til kraften 9 pâ fyldelementets 7 overflade.acting on the board wall 1 and the directed directed compressive force 10 acting diametrically opposite to the force 9 on the surface of the filler element 7.

Den lukkede strukturs materiale, der anvendes 5 i fremgangsmâden, kan udvælges fra gruppen af materialer med tilstrækkelig fleksibilitet og bestandighed, og et af disse materialer er gummi. Den lukkede strukturs vægge b0r være tykke nok til at forhindre stifter eller s0m i fastg0relseselementet i at punktere dem. Det er naturligvis 10 fordelagtigt, at den lukkede struktur f0r démonteringstrinnet udflades, sâledes at den lukkede strukturs indre over-flader ligger mod hinanden. Den lukkede struktur udfylder st0rstedelen af det langstrakte kammer mellem fyldelemen-tet og bræddevæggen, hvorved l0snen af fastg0relseselemen-15 tet og konstruktionselementerne starter umiddelbart efter ekspansionen af den lukkede struktur. Endvidere er det fordelagtigt, at den lukkede struktur vender tilbage til sin oprindelige stilling.under trykfaldet. Sâledes retur-neres trykmedium til kilden, og intet medium forbliver i 2$ den lukkede struktur. Trykmedium if0lge fremgangsmâden kan være i flydende form eller gasform, sâsom vand, olie, luft, ilt, eller kuldioxyd. Det tryk, der er n0dvendigt for at 10sne bræddevæggene og fastg0relseselementet fra hinanden, beh0ver ikke være h0jt, f.eks. er en vandfor-25 syningslednings tryk i de fleste tilfælde tilstrækkelig.The material of the closed structure used in the process can be selected from the group of materials of sufficient flexibility and durability, and one of these materials is rubber. The walls of the closed structure should be thick enough to prevent pins or stitches in the fastener from puncturing them. Of course, it is advantageous for the closed structure to be flattened before the disassembly step so that the inner surfaces of the closed structure lie against each other. The closed structure fills the majority of the elongated chamber between the filler element and the board wall, whereby the release of the fastener and the structural elements starts immediately after the expansion of the closed structure. Furthermore, it is advantageous for the closed structure to return to its original position during the pressure drop. Thus, pressure medium is returned to the source and no medium remains in the $ 2 closed structure. Pressure medium according to the process may be in liquid or gaseous form, such as water, oil, air, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. The pressure needed to tear the board walls and the fastener apart need not be high, e.g. In most cases, the pressure of a water supply line is sufficient.

Efter demontering af konstruktionen kan dennes konstruktionsdele i de fleste tilfælde anvendes til en ny konstruktion, fordi nævnte dele forbliver ubeskadigede under démonteringen.After dismantling the structure, its structural parts can in most cases be used for a new construction because said parts remain undamaged during disassembly.

30 For en fagmand er det klart, at opfindelsen ikke er begrænset til den ovenfor beskrevne udf0relsesform. Fremgangsmâden kan anvendes inden for kravenes rammer, i-det kravene skitserer opfindelsens grundlæggende idê.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. The method can be used within the scope of the claims, in that the claims outline the basic idea of the invention.

Formen af fastg0relseselementet er ikke pâ nogen mâde 35 begrænset til at være forudsætning for anvendelse af nævnte fastg0relseselement i forbindelse med fremgangsmâden if01ge opfindelsen pâ anden mâde, end at den omfatter mellemdelen, 5The shape of the attachment element is in no way limited to being a prerequisite for using the attachment element in connection with the method according to the invention in any other way than it comprises the intermediate part.

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som enten direkte eller indirekte optager den modsat rette-de trykkraft 10, og fastg0relsesdelene pâ begge sider af nævnte mellemdel, via hvilke fastg0relsesdele fastg0relses-elementet er samitienf0jet med i det mindste et bygnings-5 konstruktionselement. Pâ denne baggrund er det klart, at fastg0relseselementet kan omfatte et profileret legeme, som har adskillige, ved siden af hinanden anbragte U-formede dele sammen med fastg0relsesdelen, der har i hovedsagen plan form. Fastg0relseselementet kan ogsâ være udformet 10 lige eller buet i sin længderetning. Sammenf0jningen kan tilvejebringes ved hjælp af stifter, der er vist pâ tegnin-gen, som er udformet af samme materiale som fastg0relses-delene og/eller ved hjælp af separate s0m eller lignende, som f0res gennem hullerne eller lignende, som kan være 15 udformet i fastg0relsesdelene, og ind i bygningskonstruk-tionselementet.which either directly or indirectly occupies the opposite compressive force 10, and the fasteners on both sides of said intermediate part, via which the fasteners the fastener is jointed with at least one building structural member. Against this background, it is clear that the attachment member may comprise a profiled body having several adjacent U-shaped portions together with the attachment portion having generally planar shape. The fastener may also be formed straight or curved in its longitudinal direction. The joining may be provided by pins shown in the drawing formed of the same material as the fasteners and / or by separate stitches or the like, passed through the holes or the like, which may be formed in the fasteners, and into the building structural member.

Beskrivelsen henviser til en udf0relsesform med en bræddevæg. Fremgangsmâden kan imidlertid anvendes i aile de tilfælde, hvor bygningskonstruktionselementerne skal 20 fastg0res til fastg0relseselementet for at tilvejebringe en speciel midlertidig konstruktion. Sâledes kan der herud-over til udf0relsesformen med bræddevæggen ogsâ anvendes plader eller vægge af træbaserede materialer. Ogsâ andre materialer ud over de træbaserede er egnede. En af de 25 vigtigste anvendelser af fremgangsmâden er ved demonte-ring af midlertidige konstruktioner, der skal anvendes som betonforme eller forskallinger, men fremgangsmâden kan ogsâ anvendes til andre midlertidige konstruktioner, som skal demonteres efter at det pâgældende arbejde er 30 udf0rt. Behovet for hurtig demontering er indlysende, f.eks. ved hærens ingeni0rtroppers arbejde.The specification refers to an embodiment with a board wall. However, the method can be used in all cases where the building structural elements need to be secured to the fastening element to provide a special temporary construction. Thus, in addition to the board wall embodiment, boards or walls of wood-based materials can also be used. Other materials besides the wood based are also suitable. One of the 25 most important uses of the method is in the dismantling of temporary structures to be used as concrete molds or formwork, but the method can also be used for other temporary structures which must be dismantled after the work in question has been completed. The need for quick dismantling is obvious, e.g. by the work of the Army Engineers.

Claims

A method of constructing and disassembling structural members, wherein at least one building structural element (1), such as a board, plate or similar element, is joined in the construction phase with at least one elongated fastening element (2) to form an elongate chamber in which a closed structure (6) is placed, and during the dismantling step, a pressure medium is fed into the closed structure (6) to form a pressure causing expansion of the closed structure (6) and thus disassembly of the attachment element (2) from the building structure element (1), characterized in that an attachment element (2) having a bottom part (3 ') and on both sides of said side surfaces connected the same plane outwardly fastening surfaces (4 ') * via which the building structure element (1) is fastened to the fastening element (2) by means of seams, spikes or similar joining means (5), that said closed structure is placed in the l angled chambers between the bottom portion (31) spaced from the building structural member (1) and the building structural member (1).

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seams, spikes or similar joining means (5) are fixed in the attachment surfaces (41) of the fastening element (2) and made to protrude therefrom.

Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, as a fixing element (2), a profile piece made of sheet material, such as steel plate, is used, the cross-section of which has a U-, V- or arc-shaped middle. » part (3), the two sides of which are connected to the same planar supporting portions (4), the planar faces facing the building structural element (1) of the parts serving as fastening faces (41) · 7 DK 156737 B

4, A method according to claims 1-3, characterized in that, as expanding closed structure (6), a hose of flexible material is used which, in the resting state, is flattened with the inside combined and which in this state fills it completely. elongated chamber.

Method according to claim 4, characterized in that a filling element (7), such as a wooden or plastic strip, 10 between the fixing element (2) is arranged to form the void to practically the same size as the hose (6) in its resting state. ) spaced apart from the building structural member (1) and the building structural member (1).