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DK151109B - WATER INSTALLATION TO DISPOSE WASTE WATER FROM HANDSWASH OR A SIMILAR DRAINAGE TO A CLOCK. - Google Patents

WATER INSTALLATION TO DISPOSE WASTE WATER FROM HANDSWASH OR A SIMILAR DRAINAGE TO A CLOCK. Download PDF

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Publication number
DK151109B
DK151109B DK386178A DK386178A DK151109B DK 151109 B DK151109 B DK 151109B DK 386178 A DK386178 A DK 386178A DK 386178 A DK386178 A DK 386178A DK 151109 B DK151109 B DK 151109B
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
container
air
water
water installation
skirt
Prior art date
Application number
DK386178A
Other languages
Danish (da)
Other versions
DK386178A (en
Inventor
Sture Ericson
Original Assignee
Sture Ericson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE180561A external-priority patent/BE858266A/en
Application filed by Sture Ericson filed Critical Sture Ericson
Publication of DK386178A publication Critical patent/DK386178A/en
Priority to DK279385A priority Critical patent/DK279385A/en
Publication of DK151109B publication Critical patent/DK151109B/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/122—Pipe-line systems for waste water in building
    • E03C1/1222—Arrangements of devices in domestic waste water pipe-line systems
    • E03C1/1225—Arrangements of devices in domestic waste water pipe-line systems of air admittance valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/28—Odour seals
    • E03C1/294—Odour seals with provisions against loss of water lock
    • E03C1/295—Odour seals with provisions against loss of water lock using air-supply valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Description

i 151109in 151109

Opfindelsen angår en vandinstallation til bortledning af spildevand fra et toilet, en håndvask eller en lignende afløbsenhed til en kloak, hvilken vandinstallation har en beholder, som er indrettet tit at danne en vandlås, et indløbsrørelement, som forløber fra den pågældende af-5 løbsenhed og til et niveau i nærheden af beholderen, et udløbsrør, der forløber fra beholderen, og som er indrettet til at blive forbundet med en kloak, en topdel, der har en nedad forløbende skørtdel, der sammen med beholderen danner et rundgående luftindløb, og et ringformet ventilorgan, der er indrettet til at blive løftet ved hjælp af luft, som træder 10 ind i beholderen, når der optræder et undertryk i udløbsrøret, og til at lukke for passagen af luft ud af beholderen, når lufttrykket i udløbsrøret er lige så stort som det tryk, der hersker udenfor beholderen, og når der hersker et overtryk i udløbsrøret.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a water installation for discharging wastewater from a toilet, a sink or similar drainage unit to a sewer, which water installation has a container adapted to form a water trap, an inlet pipe element extending from said drainage unit and to a level near the container, an outlet tube extending from the container adapted to be connected to a sewer, a top portion having a downwardly extending skirt portion forming, together with the container, a circular air inlet, and an annular valve means adapted to be lifted by means of air which enters 10 into the container when a negative pressure is present in the outlet pipe and to close the passage of air out of the container when the air pressure in the outlet pipe is equal to the pressure prevailing outside the container and when there is an overpressure in the outlet pipe.

Der kendes en vandinstallation af denne art fra beskrivelsen til 15 fransk patent nr. 1.373.089. Ifølge denne kendte teknik udgøres luftindløbet af en rende, der er udformet i en rundgående afsats på indersiden af beholderen, hvilken rendes sidevægge forløber koaksialt med indløbsrørelementet, samt af radialt rettede huller, der forbinder rendens bund med beholderens yderside. Ved denne kendte konstruktion 20 skal luftstrømmen således afbøjes 90? og på skarp måde ved indstrøm ningen i beholderen. Dette medfører risiko for, at den indstrømmende luft hæmmes i en sådan grad, at vandlåsen suges tom.A water installation of this kind is known from the specification of French Patent No. 1,373,089. According to this prior art, the air inlet is formed by a channel formed in a circular ledge on the inside of the container, which side walls extend coaxially with the inlet pipe element, as well as radially directed holes connecting the bottom of the channel to the outside of the container. Thus, in this known construction 20, the air flow must be deflected 90? and sharply at the inflow into the container. This entails a risk that the inflow of air will be inhibited to such an extent that the water trap is sucked empty.

Vandinstallationen ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse er kendetegnet ved, at beholderen har en øverste del, der danner en hals, som af-25 tager i diameter opefter i forhold til beholderen, hvilken hals har en ud vendig konisk side, og at denne samvirker med topdelens skørtdel til dannelse af en rundgående kanal med stor diameter, hvorigennem luftstrømmen træder direkte ind i beholderen. I kraft af, at luftindstrømningen sker direkte i beholderen uden skarpe ombøjninger eller afledninger 30 eller anslag mod vinkelformede kanaldele, opnås der en forøget kapaci tet, hvad angår luftindstrømningen, og denne medfører, at der i det tilfælde, hvor der tilvejebringes et undertryk som følge af udstrømning gennem udløbsrøret, vil stå en forøget luftmængde til rådighed til at forhindre, at vandlåsen suges tom. I tilfælde af, at der skulle fremkom-35 me et overtryk i udløbsrøret, vil modstanden mod dette overtryk endvi dere være forbedret, og en yderligere konsekvens, hvad angår den nævnte kapacitetsforøgelse, vil også være, at højden af selve den låsende 2 151109 vandsøjle, og som følge heraf også højden af hele vandlåsen kan formindskes i forhold til den nævnte kendte teknik. En yderligere fordel ved opfindelsen består i, at beholderen kan have et større tværsnitsareal ved sin nederste del end ved sin øverste del.The water installation according to the present invention is characterized in that the container has an upper part which forms a neck which decreases in diameter upwards relative to the container, which neck has an externally tapered side and that it cooperates with the skirt part of the top part. to form a large diameter circular duct through which the air flow enters directly into the container. Due to the fact that the air inflow takes place directly in the container without sharp bends or deflections or impact on angular duct parts, an increased capacity of the air inflow is obtained and this results in the case where a negative pressure is obtained as a result. of outflow through the outlet pipe, an increased amount of air will be available to prevent the water trap from being sucked empty. In the event that an overpressure in the outlet pipe should occur, the resistance to this overpressure will also be improved, and a further consequence with regard to the said capacity increase will also be that the height of the locking water column itself and, consequently, the height of the entire water trap can also be reduced relative to the prior art. A further advantage of the invention is that the container can have a larger cross-sectional area at its lower part than at its upper part.

5 En yderligere forbedring, hvad angår luftindstrømningsforholdene, opnås, såfremt ydersiden af mellemrummet mellem den koniske del af beholderen og topdelens skørt ifølge opfindelsen er afgrænset af en vægdel, der er udformet således, at denne sammen med den stort set koniske vægdel af beholderen danner en kanal med indefter aftagende bredde.A further improvement in the air inflow conditions is achieved if the outside of the space between the conical portion of the container and the skirt of the top part of the invention is bounded by a wall portion which is formed so as to form, together with the substantially conical wall portion of the container, a channel with decreasing width.

10 En sådan form af luftindløbet vil nemlig resultere i en accelerering af den indstrømmende luftstrøm.Indeed, such a form of air inlet will result in an acceleration of the inflow of air flow.

Opfindelsen skal herefter forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et lodret snit gennem en udførelsesform for vandinstal-15 lationen ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 1A og 1B billeder til belysning af forskellige stillinger af et ventilorgan til vandinstallationen i fig. 1, og fig. 2 et lodret snit af et beboelseshus med et af løbsanlæg med vandinstallationer ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a vertical section through an embodiment of the water installation according to the invention; FIG. 1A and 1B illustrate various positions of a valve member for the water installation of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a residential building with one of the running systems with water installations according to the invention.

20 I fig. 1 er der vist en vandlås, som består af en cylindrisk beholder 1 2 i to dele 1 og 1 , som er forbundet indbyrdes ved hjælp af et gevind 2, og hvortil der er forbundet et udløbsrør 3 for forbindelse med en kloak.In FIG. 1, there is shown a water trap, which consists of a cylindrical container 1 2 in two parts 1 and 1, which are connected to each other by means of a thread 2 and to which an outlet pipe 3 is connected for connection with a sewer.

Et indløbsrørelement 4, som er forbundet med en afløbsenhed 5, f.eks. en vask, et toilet o.s.v., rager ned i den cylindriske beholder.An inlet pipe element 4 connected to a drain unit 5, e.g. a sink, a toilet, etc., protrudes into the cylindrical container.

25 Ved 6 er der vist et vandlegeme, der danner en vandlås.25 At 6, there is shown a body of water forming a water trap.

Ved sin øverste ende har beholderen en indsnævring i form af en venturi, som udgøres af en keglestubformet krave 7, der danner en hals, og som ender i en læbe 8, og som samvirker med en skørtdel til en topdel 9 på en sådan måde, at der er dannet et luftindløb i form af en rundgående 30 kanal 10, som kan lukkes ved hjælp af et ringformet ventilorgan 11. Ventil-organet 11, som er anbragt udenfor den keglestubformede krave 7, hviler i det viste eksempel på et sæde, som er dannet af læben 8 og af en læbe 12, som er tilvejebragt langs den indre omkreds af skørtdelen.At its upper end, the container has a constriction in the form of a venturi, which is constituted by a cone-shaped collar 7 forming a neck and ending in a lip 8 and cooperating with a skirt portion to a top portion 9 in such a manner. that an air inlet is formed in the form of a circular duct 10, which can be closed by an annular valve member 11. The valve member 11 disposed outside the cone-shaped collar 7 rests in the illustrated example of a seat which is formed by the lip 8 and by a lip 12 provided along the inner circumference of the skirt portion.

Når der fremkommer et undertryk i udløbsrøret 3, f.eks. som 33 følge af en udtømning, løftes ventilorganet 11, hvilket tillader frisk luft at trænge ind gennem kanalen 10 og ind i udløbsrøret 3 (fig. 1A). Når trykket er udlignet, eller når der optræder et overtryk, er kanalen 10 3 151109 lukket ved hjælp af ventilorganet 11, således at forurenet luft er forhindret i at strømme ud.When a negative pressure appears in the outlet pipe 3, e.g. as a result of a discharge, the valve member 11 is lifted, which allows fresh air to enter through the duct 10 and into the outlet pipe 3 (Fig. 1A). When the pressure is equalized or when an overpressure occurs, the duct 10 is closed by means of the valve member 11 so that polluted air is prevented from flowing out.

Der er således tilvejebragt en vandinstallation, hvor ventilorganet 11 og en vandlås er kombineret på en sådan måde, at deres virkemåder kom-5 pletterer hinanden.Thus, a water installation is provided in which the valve member 11 and a water trap are combined in such a way that their modes of operation complement each other.

I en sådan vandinstallation er en udsugning af det vandlegeme 6, som danner vandlåsen forhindret, når der fremkommer et undertryk.In such a water installation, a suction of the water body 6, which forms the water trap, is prevented when a negative pressure is produced.

Vandet kan aldrig overstige et niveau N ved den øverste del af udløbsrøret 3, f.eks. ved en tilstopning, og dette skyldes tilstedeværelsen 10 af en luftpude inde i topdelen 9, og dette vil også være tilfældet, selv om niveauet er meget højt i indløbsrørelementet (niveauet L).The water can never exceed a level N at the upper part of the outlet pipe 3, e.g. by a blockage, and this is due to the presence 10 of an air cushion inside the top portion 9, and this will also be the case even though the level is very high in the inlet pipe element (level L).

Det er desuden et vigtigt træk, at vandstrømme og luftstrømme er adskilt på en sådan måde, at vand kan strømme gennem hele passagetværsnittet i indløbsrørelementet 4 og i udløbsrøret 3, og at dimensionerne af 15 disse under fravær af en luftkerne således kan formindskes, således at de hydrauliske tilstande forbedres såvel som kapaciteten.In addition, it is an important feature that water flows and air flows are separated in such a way that water can flow through the entire passage cross-section of the inlet pipe element 4 and in the outlet pipe 3, and so that the dimensions of these 15 in the absence of an air core can be reduced so that the hydraulic states are improved as well as the capacity.

En sådan vandinstallation opfylder således samtidigt forskellige funktioner: 1) opretholdelse af vandlåsen; 20 2) vandstrømning gennem hele ledningstværsnittet og luftstrømning på en intermitterende måde, og 3) forhindring af udtømmelse af forurenet luft i beboelsesrummene.Such a water installation thus simultaneously fulfills various functions: 1) maintaining the water trap; 2) water flow through the entire conduit cross-section and air flow in an intermittent manner, and 3) preventing depletion of polluted air in the living spaces.

Højden af vandlegemet 6, som normalt er ca. 50 mm, kan formindskes takket være det forhold, at ventilorganet 11 aflaster undertrykket (fig.1A).The height of the water body 6, which is usually approx. 50 mm can be reduced thanks to the fact that the valve member 11 relieves the negative pressure (Fig. 1A).

25 Imidlertid må det påses, at niveauet forbliver så højt, at det tillader tilvejebringelse af en tilstrækkelig vandsøjle i indløbsrørelementet 4 i tilfælde af overtryk (fig. 1B).However, it must be ensured that the level remains so high as to allow for a sufficient water column in the inlet pipe element 4 in the case of overpressure (Fig. 1B).

Følgelig kan højden af vandinstallationen formindskes.Consequently, the height of the water installation can be reduced.

Fig. 2 viser et anlæg til et beboelseshus, hvor et antal gulvafløb 25 1 2 30 er anbragt i niveau med de forskellige etageadskillelser 13 , 13 o.s.v..FIG. 2 shows an installation for a dwelling house where a number of floor drains 25 1 2 30 are arranged on a level with the various floor separations 13, 13 etc.

Til hver af disse gulvafløb 25 er der forbundet et rør 26, som tilvejebringer forbindelse med en spildevandsledning 27.To each of these floor drains 25 is connected a pipe 26 which connects to a sewage line 27.

Ledningerne 26 står i forbindelse med ledningen 27 ved hjælp af en udluftningsledning 28, som er forbundet med en ventilator 29 med et ud-35 løb for udstødning af forurenet luft til den ydre atmosfære.The conduits 26 are connected to conduit 27 by means of a vent conduit 28 which is connected to a fan 29 with an outlet for exhausting polluted air into the external atmosphere.

Til denne ledning 28 kan der være forbundet ledninger 31, som står i forbindelse med vandinstallationer 32 af den art, som er vist i fig. 1, ogTo this conduit 28 may be connected conduits 31 which are connected to water installations 32 of the kind shown in FIG. 1, and

Claims (2)

151109 . 4 Det vil forstås, at ventilatoren 29, når denne arbejder, kan virke på en sådan måde, at der tilvejebringes et undertryk i alle ledningerne 26-31, hvorved der sker en løftning af forskellige tilsvarende ventiler i hvert gulvafløb 25 eller hvert apparat 33. Der kan således 5 ved hjælp af ledningen 28 tilvejebringes en udtømning af forurenet luft ved 30, og dette kan gøres under samtidig opretholdelse af vandlåsene 6 i de pågældende apparater, d.v.s. uden at disse vandlåse suges tomme. På denne måde kan hele bygningen ventileres ved hjælp af spilde-vandledningerne, og der er således ikke længere behov for ledninger 10 til udtømning af forurenet luft. Patentkrav.151109. 4 It will be appreciated that the fan 29, when operating, may act in such a way as to provide a negative pressure in all of the conduits 26-31, thereby raising a variety of corresponding valves in each floor drain 25 or apparatus 33. Thus, by means of conduit 28, a discharge of contaminated air at 30 may be provided, and this can be done while maintaining the water locks 6 in the respective apparatus, i.e. without these water locks sucking empty. In this way, the entire building can be ventilated by means of the wastewater pipes, and thus no longer is needed 10 pipes for discharging polluted air. Claims. 1. Vandinstallation til bortledning af spildevand fra et toilet, en håndvask eller en lignende af løbsenhed (33) til en kloak, hvilken vandinstallation har en beholder (1 ,1 ), som er indrettet til at danne 15 en vandlås (6), et indløbsrørelement (4), som forløber fra den pågældende afløbsenhed og til et niveau i nærheden af bunden af beholderen, et udløbsrør (3), der forløber fra beholderen, og som er indrettet til at blive forbundet med en kloak, en topdel (9), der har en nedad forløbende skørtdel, der sammen med beholderen danner et rundgående 20 luftindløb (10), og et ringformet ventilorgan (11), der er indrettet til at blive løftet ved hjælp af luft, som træder ind i beholderen, når der optræder et undertryk i udløbsrøret (3), og til at lukke for passagen af luft ud af beholderen, når lufttrykket i udløbsrøret (3) er lige så stort som det tryk, der hersker udenfor beholderen, og når der her- 25 sker et overtryk i udløbsrøret (3), kendetegnet ved, at behol-1 2 deren (1 ,1 ) har en øverste del (7), der danner en hals, som aftager 1 2 i diameter opefter i forhold til beholderen (1 ,1 ), hvilken hals har en udvendig, konisk side, og at denne samvirker med topdelens (9) skørtdel til dannelse af en rundgående kanal (10) med stor diameter, hvor- 1 2 30 igennem luftstrømmen træder direkte ind i beholderen (1 ,1 ).A water installation for discharging wastewater from a toilet, a sink or the like of a drain unit (33) to a sewer, said water installation having a container (1, 1) adapted to form a water trap (6), a an inlet pipe element (4) extending from said drain unit and to a level near the bottom of the container, an outlet pipe (3) extending from the container and adapted to be connected to a sewer, a top part (9) having a downwardly extending skirt portion which together with the container forms a circular air inlet (10) and an annular valve member (11) adapted to be lifted by air entering the container when occurring a negative pressure in the outlet tube (3) and to close the passage of air out of the container when the air pressure in the outlet tube (3) is equal to the pressure prevailing outside the container and when an overpressure prevails in the container. the outlet tube (3), characterized in that the container (1, 1) has e n upper part (7) forming a neck which decreases 1 2 in diameter upwards relative to the container (1, 1), which neck has an outer, tapered side, and that it cooperates with the skirt part of the top part (9) to form of a large diameter circular duct (10) through which air flows directly into the container (1, 1) through the air flow. 2. Vandinstallation ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at ydersiden af mellemrummet mellem den koniske del (7) af beholderen 1 2 (1 ,1 ) og topdelens (9) skørt er afgrænset af en vægdel, der er udformet således, at denne sammen med den stort set koniske vægdel 1 2 35 (7) af beholderen (1 ,1 ) danner en kanal med indefter aftagende bredde.Water installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the space between the conical part (7) of the container 1 2 (1, 1) and the skirt of the top part (9) is bounded by a wall part which is designed so that it with the substantially tapered wall portion 1 2 35 (7) of the container (1, 1) forms a channel of decreasing width thereafter.
DK386178A 1977-08-31 1978-08-31 WATER INSTALLATION TO DISPOSE WASTE WATER FROM HANDSWASH OR A SIMILAR DRAINAGE TO A CLOCK. DK151109B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK279385A DK279385A (en) 1977-08-31 1985-06-20 WATER INSTALLATION FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE180561A BE858266A (en) 1977-08-31 1977-08-31 WASTE WATER DISCHARGE SYSTEM WITH SIPHON
BE180561 1977-08-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK386178A DK386178A (en) 1979-03-01
DK151109B true DK151109B (en) 1987-11-02

Family

ID=3843039

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK386178A DK151109B (en) 1977-08-31 1978-08-31 WATER INSTALLATION TO DISPOSE WASTE WATER FROM HANDSWASH OR A SIMILAR DRAINAGE TO A CLOCK.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS54149252A (en)
CA (1) CA1099183A (en)
DE (1) DE2838111A1 (en)
DK (1) DK151109B (en)
GB (1) GB2005749B (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2837967C2 (en) * 1978-08-31 1982-10-21 Bernhard 8071 Lenting Kessel Water drainage tank
GB2134940B (en) * 1982-12-15 1986-03-19 Michael Robert Jupp Drainage gully trap
DE3838242A1 (en) * 1988-11-11 1990-05-17 Grohe Kg Hans Conduit for water for sanitary facilities
DE10103648A1 (en) * 2001-01-27 2002-08-01 Hansgrohe Ag Siphon for sink or the like
ITVR20040045A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2004-07-02 Dakota Metal Plastic Works Llc INSPECTION COCKPIT WITH SIPHON FOR THE COLLECTION AND FLOW OF LIQUIDS.
KR100619180B1 (en) 2004-04-14 2006-08-31 안영규 Drain Traps
DE202018102641U1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2019-08-14 Viega Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg waste

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1336280A (en) * 1919-01-25 1920-04-06 Carroll Patrick Automatic air-vent
GB856064A (en) * 1958-03-24 1960-12-14 Mcalpine & Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to liquid sealing traps
FR1373089A (en) * 1963-07-27 1964-09-25 Non-priming siphon
US3605132A (en) * 1969-07-22 1971-09-20 John F Lineback Automatic plumbing vent valve
GB1397705A (en) * 1973-09-15 1975-06-18 Bartol Plastics Liquid sealing traps
GB1433446A (en) * 1973-10-15 1976-04-28 Ba Installationsutveckling Ab Vacuum relief valve

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1336280A (en) * 1919-01-25 1920-04-06 Carroll Patrick Automatic air-vent
GB856064A (en) * 1958-03-24 1960-12-14 Mcalpine & Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to liquid sealing traps
FR1373089A (en) * 1963-07-27 1964-09-25 Non-priming siphon
US3605132A (en) * 1969-07-22 1971-09-20 John F Lineback Automatic plumbing vent valve
GB1397705A (en) * 1973-09-15 1975-06-18 Bartol Plastics Liquid sealing traps
GB1433446A (en) * 1973-10-15 1976-04-28 Ba Installationsutveckling Ab Vacuum relief valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2005749A (en) 1979-04-25
JPS54149252A (en) 1979-11-22
CA1099183A (en) 1981-04-14
GB2005749B (en) 1982-09-22
JPS6152290B2 (en) 1986-11-12
DE2838111A1 (en) 1979-03-15
DE2838111C2 (en) 1989-12-07
DK386178A (en) 1979-03-01

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