DK0437266T3 - Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine, power generator, flywheel bearing and drive electric motor - Google Patents
Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine, power generator, flywheel bearing and drive electric motorInfo
- Publication number
- DK0437266T3 DK0437266T3 DK91100275.6T DK91100275T DK0437266T3 DK 0437266 T3 DK0437266 T3 DK 0437266T3 DK 91100275 T DK91100275 T DK 91100275T DK 0437266 T3 DK0437266 T3 DK 0437266T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- combustion engine
- electric motor
- internal combustion
- power generator
- drive electric
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
- B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
- B60W30/1882—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/84—Data processing systems or methods, management, administration
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Motor vehicle which has - a combustion engine (2), - a generator (6) for generating current, which can be driven by the combustion engine (2), - an electrically chargeable and dischargeable fly wheel accumulator (16), - and at least one electric motor (14) for the vehicle drive, - the generator (6), the accumulator (16) and the electric motor (14) being electrically connected to one another. A control is provided which controls the combustion engine or the power output of the generator via the charge state of the accumulator (16) and/or power output state of the electric motor (14) on the basis of an item of information. <IMAGE>
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4000678A DE4000678A1 (en) | 1990-01-11 | 1990-01-11 | MOTOR VEHICLE WITH COMBUSTION ENGINE, GENERATOR, FLYWHEEL STORAGE AND DRIVE ELECTRO MOTOR |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK0437266T3 true DK0437266T3 (en) | 1997-04-28 |
Family
ID=6397909
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK91100275.6T DK0437266T3 (en) | 1990-01-11 | 1991-01-10 | Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine, power generator, flywheel bearing and drive electric motor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0437266B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE145368T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4000678A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0437266T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4118678A1 (en) * | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-10 | Detlef Prof Dipl Ing Wodni | Vehicle hybrid transmission with regenerative electric motor - has slip ring motor and control circuit with battery storage |
DE4133014A1 (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-04-08 | Mannesmann Ag | NON-TRACKED VEHICLE WITH ELECTRODYNAMIC CONVERTER AND LEVER |
DE4133013C2 (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1995-11-30 | Mannesmann Ag | Non-track-bound vehicle with an electrodynamic converter |
DE4133059A1 (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-04-08 | Mannesmann Ag | DRIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE4306381C2 (en) * | 1992-05-09 | 1997-08-21 | Daimler Benz Ag | Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle |
EP0570234B1 (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1999-11-24 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Operating method for a hybrid car |
DE4243990A1 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-07-07 | Magnet Motor Gmbh | Motor vehicle, in particular city bus, with a diesel engine / generator unit |
DE4430670B4 (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 2006-02-23 | Denso Corp., Kariya | Control device for an electric generator / engine for an internal combustion engine |
JP3094772B2 (en) * | 1994-02-21 | 2000-10-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Generator output control device of an electric vehicle equipped with a generator |
DE9413500U1 (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1994-10-13 | Irmscher Gmbh | Automobile, especially for private local transport |
DE19502224C1 (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1996-02-15 | Daimler Benz Ag | Serial hybrid drive for automobile |
DE19532128A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | Drive system, in particular for a motor vehicle, and method for operating the same |
US6158405A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 2000-12-12 | Isad Electronic Systems | System for actively reducing rotational nonuniformity of a shaft, in particular, the drive shaft of an internal combustion engine, and method of operating the system |
DE19532129A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | System for actively reducing rotational irregularities of a shaft, in particular the drive shaft of an internal combustion engine, and method therefor |
US6177734B1 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2001-01-23 | Isad Electronic Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Starter/generator for an internal combustion engine, especially an engine of a motor vehicle |
US6148784A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 2000-11-21 | Isad Electronic Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Drive systems, especially for a motor vehicle, and method of operating same |
DE19549259A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | Drive system, in particular for a motor vehicle, and method for operating the same |
DE19532135A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | Drive system, in particular for a motor vehicle, and method for operating the same |
DE59608158D1 (en) | 1995-08-31 | 2001-12-13 | Isad Electronic Sys Gmbh & Co | DRIVE SLIP CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE USING AN ELECTRIC MACHINE |
DE19532164A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | Drive system, in particular for a motor vehicle, and method for operating the same |
DE19532136A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | Drive system, in particular for a motor vehicle, and method for operating the same |
DE19532163A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | System for actively reducing speed non-uniformities of IC engine drive-shaft |
JP2002515958A (en) | 1995-08-31 | 2002-05-28 | イーエスアーデー・エレクトロニク・ジステームス・ゲーエムベーハー・ウント・コンパニ・カーゲー | Starter / generator for internal combustion engines, especially automotive engines |
DE19628877A1 (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method for operating a vehicle with a first and a second drive energy source |
DE19633194C2 (en) * | 1996-08-17 | 1998-09-17 | Daimler Benz Ag | Serial hybrid drive, especially for a motor vehicle |
DE19826551C1 (en) | 1998-06-15 | 1999-11-18 | Siemens Ag | Control system for hybrid system with at least one energy reservoir and energy source e.g. for buses |
DE19837115B4 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2009-04-02 | Zf Sachs Ag | Drive arrangement for a motor vehicle |
DE19860616C2 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2001-04-26 | Voith Turbo Kg | Drive system for a vehicle |
DE19942938B4 (en) * | 1999-09-08 | 2004-07-01 | Siemens Ag | Drive system for an electric motor-driven rail vehicle |
US6664651B1 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2003-12-16 | Ford Motor Company | Engine on idle arbitration for a hybrid electric vehicle |
DE10064188A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-11 | Magnet Motor Gmbh | Method for operating a non-railbound land motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine-generator unit and drive electric motor, and such a motor vehicle |
SE524541C2 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-08-24 | Uppsala Power Man Consultants | Power storage systems and vehicles fitted with such |
US7149618B2 (en) * | 2004-05-15 | 2006-12-12 | General Motors Corporation | Cost structure method including fuel economy and engine emission considerations |
DE102007006167A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Ktm Sportmotorcycle Ag | vehicle |
DE102008061295A1 (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-24 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Electric vehicle with increased range |
DE102009054839A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-22 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Range extender for a motor vehicle |
DE202010009105U1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2010-10-28 | Scheuerle Fahrzeugfabrik Gmbh | Heavy duty vehicle with flywheel accumulator drive |
DE102011105618A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Audi Ag | Method of controlling a range extension device and range extension device |
DE102014208759A1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vehicle drive for a motor vehicle |
US20230032197A1 (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-02 | Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc | Electric drive system for a vehicle |
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CH484765A (en) † | 1968-01-11 | 1970-01-31 | Sulzer Ag | Electronic control device for a diesel-electric vehicle |
US3493066A (en) * | 1968-02-28 | 1970-02-03 | Mcculloch Corp | Vehicle power system intended for reduced air pollution |
US3566717A (en) † | 1969-03-17 | 1971-03-02 | Trw Inc | Power train using multiple power sources |
FR2082433A5 (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1971-12-10 | Saviem | |
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DE2501386A1 (en) * | 1975-01-15 | 1976-07-22 | Louis L Lepoix | Vehicle combined electric motor and engine drive - has battery powered motor utilised as starter and low speer drive |
DE2531332A1 (en) * | 1975-07-12 | 1977-05-12 | Philips Nv | Vehicle drive with optional regenerative braking - uses engine or flywheel only and engine and flywheel modes with automatic control |
IL47843A0 (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1975-10-15 | Miller M | Drive system for high inertia load |
DE2823225A1 (en) * | 1978-05-27 | 1979-11-29 | Erhard Lauster Entwicklungen G | Hybrid transmission with regenerative braking - has electric motor-generator with flywheel driven via control clutch to serve as regenerative brake |
DE2943554A1 (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1981-05-07 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | HYBRID DRIVE FOR A VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR MOTOR VEHICLE |
US4407132A (en) † | 1980-02-20 | 1983-10-04 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | Control apparatus and method for engine/electric hybrid vehicle |
WO1982000117A1 (en) * | 1980-07-04 | 1982-01-21 | Malzer H | Driving device for motor vehicles |
DE3050625A1 (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-11-18 | Yves J Kemper | Method of vehicle propulsion |
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FR2523912A1 (en) † | 1982-03-26 | 1983-09-30 | Alsthom Atlantique | LOCOMOTIVE DIESEL ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM |
DE3243515A1 (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-12-08 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AND REGULATING A DIESEL ENGINE |
DE3312185A1 (en) * | 1982-12-06 | 1984-10-11 | Adam Opel AG, 6090 Rüsselsheim | Motor vehicle hybrid drive device |
US4688872A (en) † | 1984-08-02 | 1987-08-25 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Electrical connector module with multiple connector housings |
DE3620362A1 (en) † | 1986-06-18 | 1987-12-23 | Magnet Motor Gmbh | MOTOR VEHICLE |
-
1990
- 1990-01-11 DE DE4000678A patent/DE4000678A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1991
- 1991-01-10 DK DK91100275.6T patent/DK0437266T3/en active
- 1991-01-10 DE DE59108349T patent/DE59108349D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-10 AT AT91100275T patent/ATE145368T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-10 EP EP91100275A patent/EP0437266B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59108349D1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0437266A2 (en) | 1991-07-17 |
EP0437266B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
EP0437266B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
EP0437266A3 (en) | 1992-05-27 |
DE4000678A1 (en) | 1991-07-18 |
ATE145368T1 (en) | 1996-12-15 |
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