DE9201493U1 - Energy-saving combined heat and power - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ATTORNEYS
DEUFEL-HERTEL LEWALD
ß _AR TORPLATZ6-8MUNICH2
TEL (089) 221483 ■ TX 5-24286

Energy-saving combined heat and power

The invention relates to an energy-saving combined heat and power plant with combustion engine, generator, steam cycle and heat recovery.

Such known combined heat and power plants are to be improved in terms of their efficiency.

The aim of this type of combined heat and power generation is to improve efficiency, especially in systems that operate independently of the power grid. This also applies to heavy diesel engines. In this context, the units' own coolers and fans are to be eliminated.

This improvement in efficiency is achieved by a refrigerant circuit with compressor, evaporator, control switch and passage through the evaporator, whereby the freon used in particular as a coolant is expanded in an expansion valve when it is returned to the gaseous state from a combined hot water storage tank/condenser, flows through the evaporator combined with the combustion engine in the gaseous state and there absorbs the exhaust heat of the combustion engine and, if necessary, also absorbs the heat from the return flow of the waste heat boiler, is then compressed into the liquid state while heating and releases its heat to the feed water in the feed water preheater, becomes liquid and then passes through a filter dryer, where it is stored, and is fed into the evaporator via the expansion valve when called up.

Preferably, an electromagnetic clutch is provided for switching on the compressor to avoid icing, gas-controlled by a regulator, and thus regulates the heat recovery circuit.

— 2 — .■-■'■-■

The compressor conveniently sucks in gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator under low pressure.

The steam circuit consists of the feed water preheater/hot water storage tank; a waste heat boiler/converter, a steam engine connected downstream of this and an exhaust gas heat exchanger for condensation, whereby the heat generated is released from the evaporator, as well as a return line with a pump for hot water storage.

The exhaust circuit can be designed as follows: Engine with low fuel consumption. Insulated exhaust pipes.

High-pressure waste heat boiler, where high-pressure steam, especially of 25 - 30 bar and a temperature of 250-300 ⁰ C is generated to drive the steam engine,

where the engine and steam engine each drive a generator; filters where the flue gases are cooled to 40 ⁰ C; heat exchangers; engine coolers and finally evaporators.

The steam engine can be a Spillings steam engine of more than 10 kW.

To achieve the best possible efficiency, all pipes in the system, including the hot water tank and heat exchanger, are insulated as best as possible to keep heat losses to a minimum.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

This shows a diagram of such a system. The accompanying colorful drawing serves to provide clarity

-3-of the facts.

The internal combustion engine (1); diesel, rapeseed oil methyl ester, gasoline, etc.

drives a generator (2).

It should be an engine with low fuel consumption.

The exhaust gases of the engine, which are approximately 500-600 degrees Celsius, are led via the insulated line (3) to a converter (4) where they generate high-pressure steam at approximately 100-150 bar and a temperature of approximately 140-180 ^degrees Celsius to drive a steam engine (5), also with a generator (2).

The exhaust gases cooled to approx. 40 ¹ C are cleaned via the filter (6) and passed through the heat exchanger (?), the engine cooler (8) and the evaporator (9), thereby transferring heat from the heat exchanger (7) and engine cooler (8) to the evaporator (9) which absorbs it.

The steam engine drive circuit: (10-15)

The hot water stored in the hot water tank (13) at approx. 70 ¹ C and under a pressure of approx. 80-100 bar is fed via line 15 and

the check valve (R) to the converter (4) is converted into steam with 140-180 ¹ C and 100-150 bar pressure and drives the steam engine (5)

The almost pressureless and still about 70'&bgr; hot steam is passed through the insulated

Line (1Q) through the heat exchanger (75) and condenses there.

The exhaust air flowing through the engine absorbs the heat generated and transfers it to the evaporator (9).

The resulting water is pumped by the pump (12) with a pressure of approx.

80 bar back into the hot water tank (13) after it has

was collected in the collection container (11).

The heat recovery cycle: (22)

The compressor (16) sucks gaseous refrigerant under

low pressure

the evaporator (9), compressing it to approx. 16-20 bar. The coolant flows through the condenser (14) located in the hot water tank (13) and heats the water to approx. 70'C. This heat release causes the coolant to liquefy, which is still under 16-20 bar pressure.

The liquid refrigerant then flows through the filter dryer (17), where it is cleaned and at the same time stored for discharge into the evaporator (9).

The expansion valve (18) throttles the flow of the coolant, which is still under pressure; this reduces the pressure and temperature. It can then absorb heat again in the evaporator (9), where it becomes gaseous again.

The heat recovery circuit is monitored and controlled using the electromagnetic clutch (21) of the compressor (16) and the temperature sensor (19) and the control switch (20). Frigen is used as the refrigerant, but a more environmentally friendly refrigerant can also be used.

All pipes in the heat recovery circuit are insulated, as are the hot water tank, the heat exchanger assembly and the pipes, in order to keep heat loss as low as possible.

The circuit operated with frigen is particularly important for combined heat and power. The frigen is expanded at 18, is then gaseous, flows through an evaporator 9 and absorbs the heat from the exhaust gases from the combustion engine, but also the waste heat from the return flow (after flowing through the waste heat boiler 4). The frigen is compressed by the indicated compressor 16, heats up and becomes liquid. On the other hand, the frigen gives off its heat in the feed water preheater to the feed water 13 via a condenser 14 arranged in the feed water, then evaporates through a filter dryer 17 and passes through the expansion valve mentioned.

Temperature sensor 19 and control switch 20 control the temperature circuit. An electromagnetic clutch 21 of the compressor is controlled and monitored. This clutch is used to switch the compressor on and off so that icing cannot occur. In the technical language of agricultural engineering in particular, the evaporator 9 is also referred to as the "air conditioning system".

Especially in the freon or coolant circuit, all lines are excellently insulated and thus enable the best possible use of the energy present in the liquid fuel.

Not only the pipes, but also the heat exchangers and boilers are insulated as best as possible in order to make the best possible use of the energy contained in the liquid fuel.

The current energy distribution with 32% useful work, 29% exhaust energy, 32% cooling energy and 7% radiation is clearly exceeded in the subject of the application.

The measure according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to easily generate electricity independently of the power grid. The application to heavy diesel engines is being considered.

■" ■ -5- "

High-pressure tubular boilers can be used as boilers. The so-called Spillings steam engine, which is available from 10 kW and which is not part of the invention (suigeneres), can be used.

A separate cooler or fan can be saved.

In the illustration, the steam engine is sketched inside the boiler for reasons of space. In practice, of course, that is not where it belongs.

Check valves R are distributed throughout the system. The electromagnetic compressor clutch 21, which is designed to prevent icing and switches the compressor on and off, is controlled by a controller 20 based on the measurement of a probe in the evaporator. The water feed into the feed water preheater 13 is also shown at W in the drawing. The compressor 16 can be driven by the engine 1.

In the colorful representation of combined heat and power, each fluid and each state of the fluid is marked with a special color.

Here,

a = exhaust gases from the engine

b = preheated water to the high pressure boiler c = high pressure steam to drive the steam engine d = filtered exhaust gases

e = used and unpressurized steam f = engine cooling water (internal combustion engine) g = unpressurized refrigerant

h = pressurized refrigerant i = condensed vapor (recirculated water) R = check valves;

0 = top pressure valve;

-fo-

W = water filling connection

1 = combustion engine

2 = Generator

3 = Exhaust gases

4 = High pressure boiler

5 = Steam engine

6 = Exhaust filter

7 = heat exchanger

8 = Engine cooler

9 = Evaporator

10 = unpressurized steam consumed

11 = Collection container

12 = Pump

13 = Hot water tank

14 = Capacitor

15 = Hot water pipe

16 = Compressor

17 = Filter dryer

18 = Relief valve

19 = Temperature sensor

20 = Control switch

21 = electromagnetic compressor clutch

Claims (7)

G 92 Ol 493.3 Josef Haslbeck H 1882 Lw/pk CLAIMS 1. Energy-saving combined heat and power plant with combustion engine, generator, steam circuit and heat recovery, characterized by a refrigerant circuit with compressor (16), evaporator (9), control switch (20) and passage through the evaporator (9), wherein the coolant circuit, in particular the frigen circuit, is laid over an expansion valve (18) when returning to the gaseous state from a combined hot water storage tank/condenser (13; 14); the circuit continues via the evaporator (9) combined with the combustion engine (1) in the gaseous state and heat exchangers are provided there for the exhaust heat from the combustion engine in addition to the heat from the return flow of the waste heat boiler (4), the circuit is then laid over the compressor (16), where the heat is released to the feed water (13) in the feed water preheater,
and then through a filter dryer (17) and after retrieval via the expansion valve (18) into the evaporator (9). 2. Energy-saving combined heat and power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that an electromagnetic clutch (21) is provided for switching on the compressor (16) to avoid icing, gas-controlled by the controller (20), and thus regulates the heat recovery circuit. 3. Energy-saving combined heat and power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the compressor (16) sucks in gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator (9) under low pressure. 4. Energy-saving combined heat and power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the steam circuit consists of the feed water preheater/hot water storage tank (13); a waste heat boiler/converter (4); a steam engine (5) connected downstream of this; an exhaust gas heat exchanger (7) for condensation, whereby the resulting heat is transferred to the evaporator, and a return line with pump (12) to the hot water tank (13). 5. Energy-saving combined heat and power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following structure of the exhaust gas circuit: Engine (1) with low fuel consumption; insulated exhaust pipe (3); High-pressure waste heat boiler (4), where high-pressure steam of in particular 25 - 30 bar and a temperature of 250-300 ⁰ C is generated to drive the steam engine (5), whereby engine (1) like steam engine (5) drive one generator (2) each; filter (6), where the flue gases are cooled to approx. 40 ⁰ C; heat exchanger (7); Engine cooler (8) and Evaporator (9). 6. Energy-saving combined heat and power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the steam engine is a Spillings steam engine (5). 7. Energy-saving combined heat and power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that all lines of the system are insulated as best as possible.