DE9113104U1 - Solar system (solar collector, solid storage, heat pump) - Google Patents

Description

G 91 13 Io4.9 - 1 - -ii .

Solar system = solar collector + solid storage + heat pump = 1

The invention relates to a solar system consisting of solar collectors, the solid storage tank and a heat pump as a unit, of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

It is known that solar collectors are available on the market in many different designs and constructions, the application of which is mainly limited to the provision of warm water for the garden shower or for reheating the swimming pool.

It is known that solar collectors are predominantly equipped with protective or insulating glazing made of plastic or glass in order to avoid cooling and to achieve higher water temperatures by exploiting a greenhouse effect.

It is known that solar collectors are mounted in series next to each other and one above the other on sloping roof surfaces in order to achieve large heating surfaces and to cover the hot water demand in conjunction with the water storage tank or boiler over the summer months.

It is known that water pipes connected in series are surrounded by glass tubes, the interior of which has a slight vacuum, is heated by the sun's rays and is available to the consumers.

It is known that pipes were laid directly in the ground in order to extract heat from the ground using heat pumps, which had a detrimental effect on growth due to the ground cooling too much. It is known that the existing hot water boiler was also used as a storage tank for solar collectors and had to be reheated with external energy on days with little sun.

It is known that the economic viability of all commercially available and known solar collectors was ultimately made impossible by the lack of a solid storage system and contributed very little to actual energy savings.

It is not known that solar collectors only heat the dry medium air and are used exclusively as a heat carrier for heating living and utility rooms. It is not known that solar collectors for hot air or warm air generation, plus a solid fuel storage tank, plus a heat pump, essentially cover the heating requirements and hot water consumption for a single- or two-family home all year round.

It is not known whether solar collectors are effective for heat recovery of the heat losses from the exhaust air and circulating air of a residential building^in order to significantly improve the economic efficiency of the entire system.

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It is not known whether a solid storage tank integrated in a solar collector significantly compensates for the periods of solar outages and enables heat recovery, especially in the winter months.

It is not known whether provisions have been made for external and internal walls to be used as solid storage facilities, as well as for ceilings and basement floors, in conservatories and garage floors in order to make full use of the storage capacity.

It is not known that solar systems for small to large greenhouse operations or gardening control the heat balance required for growth in the room and the soil and at the same time regulate the humidity control for the plants depending on the temperature in order to achieve multiple sowing and harvesting, whereby the excess heat also covers the hot water requirement via a copper pipe coil.

It is not known that an air-powered solar collector heats the water in the swimming pool via a pipe system with nozzles and at the same time turns it into a bubble bath, whereby the oxygenation of the bathing water is also achieved.

The invention is based on the task of making the use of solar energy as an economic factor visible in all countries of the world all year round through solar systems, to completely exclude the dependence on fossil fuels for heating and hot water requirements, whose role must be completely taken over by solar energy as the main energy source, because the sun shines for rich and poor alike. We feel its warmth and its power every day, our nature lets us realize how little man is capable of doing the same to make the sun, with all its quirks, of serving mankind, all of us, by all means, in an environmentally friendly, pollutant-free manner and for the benefit of all.

Since then, a lot of time has been wasted on the construction of various solar collectors, people almost decided on water operation and had the hassle of frost in winter. The water storage tank in summer, yes, but it was mostly unnecessary in summer, heat pumps were subsidized by the state, and soon people fell silent. Solar systems remained a hobby for the few who could afford it, and just a toy.

Much research was carried out in vain to find a solid storage device, which is the second part of the invention task. A good solid storage device must absorb and dissipate the heat energy supplied equally quickly, that is the basic requirement for the solid, it must be a body that can absorb and retain heat, here nature shows us the way. Everyone learns in school that our earth is very hot and liquid at its core, many thousands of degrees of heat, and that the earth has a thick crust around this glowing mass, which it shows us in the form of liquid lava during volcanic eruptions. If you look at the lava mass with the well-known

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black-grey basalt stones that we carelessly waste as paving stones and basalt stone chippings as a substructure for roads because of their strength, it can be seen that the ejecta from the volcano could be a burnt basalt stone. This basalt stone used in broken form meets all the requirements that must be met by a solid storage facility. This is what our earth, on which we live, shows us.

In a solar system = solar collector + solid storage tank + heat pump = 1, of the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1, this object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The essence of the invention is the indispensable connection of the calculation task clearly defined in the generic term, I repeat: A solar system is equal to (solar collector) plus (solid storage) plus (heat pump). This is the only way this invention can be realized for all of humanity on earth with regard to the use of solar energy as the sole energy source for all heating, ventilation and hot water systems. Each summation element used individually is doomed to remain only piecemeal forever, as we are currently experiencing. None of the summation elements could save energy in this case or even influence the supranational embargo constraints or disagreements between the many peoples and the pathetic power seekers. The implementation of this multi-year development work or invention, as it is called, by industry or the free market can only lead to economic success for all if the conditions of this invention are required by state legislation and compliance with them is monitored. Otherwise this development work belongs in the wastepaper basket, just as so many valuable things have to go this way. Our environmental condition is a testament to this.

The essence of the invention in relation to the solar collector is its exclusive use as an air heater, whereby hot water can be operated at any time with solar energy through an insertable copper pipe coil element for garden shower operation, which is removed during the frost period until the next summer use. The heating of air only with solar energy allows the application and use of air as a heat carrier in all temperature ranges via a very large fixed storage volume and variably switchable (collector - fixed storage) extracting heat pump with hot water part, which works in the temperature range + 5 ^° C to about 6 ° C, all year round and opens the way for the economic use of solar energy as the sole energy source.

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for the entire area of heating energy, hot water energy, ventilation energy for all living and utility rooms, for the area of craft businesses, industrial companies, schools and municipal buildings authorities and especially indoor swimming pools, horticultural companies and all greenhouse variants where: sowing and harvesting three times a year is the aim.

It is up to each individual to determine the possible extent.

The essence of the invention in relation to the second summand of solid storage is the determination or selection of the storage material: basalt stone with a grain size of 4 to 8 cm and chippings of 1 to 3 cm mixed as loose fill in closed rooms whose surrounding walls are sufficiently insulated on the inside, whereby the room volume also corresponds to the bulk volume and pipe connections to the outside air, to the solar collectors and to the heat pump unit should be available.

In new buildings to be planned, the extensive external walls of the basement should be designed in such a way that they can be used as solid storage, with basalt chippings cores and insulated shells whose air intake openings are arranged in the window reveal.

Furthermore, the aim should be to provide a second window on the south and southwest side of the external wall and to design the wall area above and below the window niche as a solid fuel storage tank, at least by means of built-in pipes that allow a connection to the main storage tank. The purpose of a solid fuel storage tank is to supply the entire air intake volume of the heat pump at the highest heat output and lowest outside temperature with a minimum temperature of 7 to 8 " C in order to cover the required or necessary heat requirement, even in extremely poor conditions in the cold season.

The sum of all heat losses of the residential units through external walls, including the window area, plus the frictional heat generated by air flow within the solid storage tank, plus the exhaust air heat losses and insulation losses of the roof covering, plus the perhaps hourly solar radiation on the solar collector will certainly meet these conditions.

The particular advantage of a solar collector that generates warm or hot air is its versatile, weather-independent, simple applicability at all temperatures, the maximum solar energy that can be exploited, as well as the possible heat recovery from ventilation and venting losses with an unlimited service life and no maintenance. A further advantage is offered by a variant design in which the existing roof skin is integrated into the solar collector, using the existing roof insulation, mixing fresh air and exhaust air and feeding it into the circuit, and only a tray made of acrylic or plexiglass extending from the rafter base to the rafter head creates a collector area the size of the roof, at minimal cost.

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A further advantage, particularly for new buildings, is a closed roof covering as a solar collector, which eliminates the need for battens, rain protection foil and roof covering and significantly reduces the costs of the solar collector.

Another advantage is the use of solar collectors on conservatories and all flat roofs, as a solid storage tank can be integrated directly into the solar collector.

A further advantage, particularly for small greenhouses and gardening businesses, is a solar collector appropriate to the size of the greenhouse, as the warm air heated by the sun is passed through a closed humidification system, flows through the solid storage tank covered in the ground and automatically moistens and heats the soil through evaporation, in order to achieve a threefold harvest.

The particular advantage of a solid storage tank is the uncomplicated loading:.;..-... .... and the design of a solid storage tank. The solid storage tank can fulfil the task assigned to it both as bulk material within a closed room and can also be manufactured as a component for masonry and wall parts in order to be implemented cost-effectively over large areas with considerable volumes. It is absolutely maintenance-free.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, for example:
this shows in

Fig. 1 a section of a pitched roof construction with roof covering and a Plexiglas or acrylic glass tray placed on top as a solar collector with all connections ready and installed, according to the invention;

Fig. 2 a section of a pitched roof construction where the mounted solar collectors form the roof skin with all connections ready and installed, according to the invention;

Fig. 3 and 3a a side view and a top view of a solar collector unit mounted on a flat roof, fully assembled,
according to the invention;

Fig. 4 a side view of a covered swimming pool system where solar collectors with integrated storage heat the water by means of air jets, fully assembled, according to the invention;

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Fig. 5 and 5a a side section and a top view of a solar system on the roof of an attached winter garden, fully assembled,
according to the invention;

Fig. 6 is a side section of a greenhouse system in the ready-to-use state, fully assembled, according to the invention;

Fig. 7 a floor plan of a residential building with rising masonry which corresponds to the storage volume of a solid storage unit where the outer walls are the solid storage unit and the inner walls release the heat into the rooms, fully assembled according to the invention:

Fig. 8 an acrylic tub in section with side limitation and fastening for itself (to Fig.l according to the invention:

Fig. 9 a solar collector in section (to Fig. 2 separately according to the invention:

Fig. Io a solar collector with integrated solid storage in section (see Fig.4) according to the invention:

Fig.11 and 11a Solids storage made of masonry according to the invention.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, only the system and the function and the external design of the finished product are shown, in that the existing roof covering E is simply coated matt black and roof passage stones are replaced for the air supply 5 and the air discharge 6. The acrylic glass tray 19 running from bottom to top is placed on the spacer strip 23 and is permanently connected to this and the adjoining acrylic glass tray 19 with a clamping strip and secured to the roof beams D with storm hooks 21. Both end surfaces are insulated 2 and closed. The air space

8 between roof covering E and insulation 2 is used for heat recovery from exhaust air and roof living space W. The air discharge 6 is carried out via pipe 14 to the heat pump P, fresh air and exhaust air F and A from outside and the rooms are led via pipe 14 into the solar collector 17. A temperature sensor 2o gives the controller 11 the impulse for the system control and switches the fan

9 and the control flaps for heat pump P on or off.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of a roof section, where the floor pan 1 made of aluminum or galvanized sheet steel is attached directly to the roof beams D and holds the acrylic glass pan 19 and connects it continuously with a terminal strip 22. The floor pan is provided with basalt chippings 25 for better heat absorption and coated in matt black. Function and control as in Fig. 1.

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Fig. 3 and 3a show a side view and floor plan of a flat roof with large-area solar collectors 17 with insulating glazing 7, which can be designed with and without an integrated solid storage tank 13. Function and control as in Fig.l.

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of large-area solar collectors 17 mounted on a pedestal or swimming pool roof with integrated solid storage 13 in the operational state, whereby the hot air via pipe 14 in the floor area provided with nozzles 24 warms up and refreshes the pool water. Function and control as in Fig. 1.

For shower operation, a copper pipe heating coil 18 was inserted into the collector.

Fig. 5 and 5a show a side section and top view of solar collectors mounted on a conservatory roof ready for use. Function and control as in Fig.l.

Fig. 6 shows a cross-section of a small greenhouse in an operational state, where the hot air emerging from the solar collector 17 is transported via pipe 14 with connection to the solid storage tank 13 by fan 9, the flow direction can also be reversed for heating in winter, and connection via an air humidification device 15 through the earth-covered solid storage tank 13, which transfers its heat to the garden soil in a suitably moist manner and releases the rest through the raised part in the greenhouse room in order to start the new cycle mixed with fresh air F. Temperature sensors and indicators 12 for monitoring and controller 11 create the prerequisites for sowing and harvesting several times a year.

Fig. 7 shows the rising masonry of a floor plan, which, with the correct choice of building blocks with a basalt stone chippings 25 structure, can be used as a solid storage unit 13, certainly meets all the requirements of a heat storage unit as a solid storage unit 13 and allows maximum heat recovery to be achieved in the winter, so that the basement masonry, the ground floor masonry and also the ceiling section and the roof section, without any solar support, only via heat recovery, will certainly be sufficiently supplied with heating heat and hot water during the winter half of the year via the heat pump P.

Fig. 8 shows an acrylic tray 1 with raised edges 26 on both sides and a clamping bead 27 for holding the clamping strip 22, which clamps the connection tray 1 and thus allows an absolutely rainproof roof to be achieved by solar collectors 17. The firmly clamped spacer strip 23 is attached to the roof beams D with a storm protection, storm hook 21.

Fig. 9 shows a solar collector 17 in section, whose aluminum tray 1 or galvanized sheet steel tray 1 on the inside

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side with glued basalt chippings 25 and coated in matt black absorbs a maximum of radiant heat and transfers it to the passing air, is attached to the roof beams D and for the air supply 5 and
Air exhaust 6 has pipe connections for fan 9 and pipe 14 to heat pump P. The upstand on 1 or spacer strip 23 are attached to the acrylic tray 19 as described in Fig. 8.

Fig. Io shows a solar collector with integrated solid storage 13 in section, the use of which is shown in Fig.4, whereby the solar collector 17, in particular the aluminum tray 1 is designed without basalt stone chippings 25, allows the optional insertion and removal of a copper pipe heating coil 18, the solid storage 13 is assigned the task of heat recovery for exhaust air and other
Heat losses as an independent assembly part with
connected to the solar collector 17.

Fig. 11 and 11a shows masonry blocks for interior walls 29 and exterior walls 3o with the surrounding trapezoidal
Recesses 31, as well as the first and last stone layer 32 with the air duct, as well as connection for the heat pump P.

Of course, the described embodiments are in
can be modified in many ways without departing from the basic idea of the invention.

A different stone material can also be used for solid storage, for example marble chippings or quartz stone chippings, which then also increases the quantity of performance.

The solar collector alone can also be powerful,
but never without solid storage and without heat pump
fulfill the task of the invention, just as the solid-state storage and the heat pump alone cannot achieve this.

Only the combination: "air solar collector plus solid storage plus heat pump" will ever achieve the
Solar energy can very well banish the environmental pollutants heating oil and natural gas from heating systems, the
For the sake of people and the environment and perhaps also the
Peace for love.

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Reference list

1 aluminum tray

2 Insulation

3 Interior surface

4 round opening

5 Pipeline air supply

6 Pipeline air extraction

7 Insulated glazed cover

8 Airspace

9 Fan

10 solar cells for fan

11 Control unit

12 Temperature display

13 Solid storage

14 Pipeline

15 Air humidification device

16 baffles to 1

17 Solar collector

18 Copper pipe heating coil

19 Acrylic glass tub

20 temperature sensors

21 storm hooks

22 Terminal block to 19

23 Spacer bar to

24 air nozzles

25 basalt stone chips

26 Upstand to 19

27 clamping bead to 19

28 air vents to

29 Interior walls = heating walls to

30 external walls = storage to

31 circumferential recess to 29.3o to

32 Air duct;1st and last row of masonry to 29.3o for

A exhaust air [_connection P

B Shower facility

E Roof covering

F Fresh air

G Floor ceiling

P Heat pump

R Roof insulation

U Recirculation

W Living space, utility space

H Pressure increase

Claims (8)

- Io - sayings G 91 13 Io4.9 1. Solar system = solar collector + solid storage tank + + heat pump = 1 Which, as a closed circuit, can fulfil the respective purpose according to the use through easily attachable replacement and additional devices as well as variable design, characterized in that the solar collector 17 consists of many acrylic glass tubs 19 lined up next to each other and inserted into each other to cover an area of any size and can be adjusted and fastened in the simplest form by means of spacer strip 23 and connected by means of terminal strip Zl: that the existing roof covering E coated in matt black is used as the lower part of the solar collector 17; that a matt black coated aluminium tray 1 also forms the lower part of the solar collector: that every third acrylic glass tub 19 is connected via a pipe, in the areas of air inlet and hot air outlet leads into an air heat exchanger, which is embedded in the solid storage tank 13 and is surrounded on all sides by a sufficiently dimensioned insulation 2. that both the pipe air supply 5 and air discharge 6 have a block-like control unit 11 (insulating block for CLOSED and fan 9 or OPEN for operation); that a heat pump P integrated into the air heat exchanger solid storage tank 13 discharges the cooled air into a cooling box; that all external walls 3o are covered by a thick full thermal insulation 2, have a 2 cm thick insulation 2 on the inside, are made of heavy concrete bricks with a central wall pocket-like recess 31 and have connections for exhaust air and circulation A, as well as an air duct 32; walls29 that all interiors are made of heavy concrete blocks with a central wall pocket-like recess 31 and have connections for hot air inlet and an air duct; 2. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that G 91 13 loA.9 - 11 - 8 that the raised edges 26 arranged on both sides in the longitudinal axis of the acrylic glass tub have clamping beads 27 inclined inwards at the end, which can be used to connect two adjacent acrylic glass tubs 19 and the supporting spacer strip 23 by means of a clamping strip 22; 3. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that a basalt stone chippings coating 25 is applied to the aluminum tub 1 bottom surface for better absorption of the radiant heat; 4. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum walls 1 each have a round opening A in the bottom surface at the head and foot ends for receiving the air supply pipe 5 and the air discharge pipe 6, and that for better air guidance baffles 16 are attached in the area 5 and 6; 5. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that a solid storage tank filled with basalt stone chippings 13 is attached directly to the solar collector 17 and is sufficiently insulated 2 and has an emergency heating system with solar cells 10 and a power supply for frost protection; 6. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first row of stones of the rising masonry both on the outer walls 3o and on the inner walls 29 have continuous groove-like depressions and at equal distances following T-like connecting stones for the connection of the heat pump connection pipe distributor P and that the same connecting stones allow the connection of the higher storey; 7. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the humidification device for greenhouses and living and utility rooms is formed from a closed container with rainwater connection and overflow protection has air inlet and air outlet 5 and 6 pipe connections above the water level and in the solid storage tank 13 a drain pipe is embedded, the outlet of which opens into the greenhouse room, whereby the excess heat is a controlled duct fan 9,13 for another use. 8. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls used for the outer ^/,30 and inner walls 29,# as solid storage 13 are made of basalt stone chippings25 concrete with multiple holes, the contact surfaces of which in the masonry axis continuously connect the central rows of holes by a semicircular or trapezoidal3/ recess and allow a net-like S1 air flow over the wall surface, this also applies to commercially available building blocks.