DE831906C - Method and device for the heat treatment of small compacted bodies made of moist ore dust or the like. - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for the heat treatment of small compacted bodies made of moist ore dust or the like. 1> 1e I? Rhn (lting beziclit: I on improved 1-feiz- c rfalireii, such as l i. for the "frockntiii", or the Drying combined with further @@ ": irmel> ehan (1- down, - mineral l @ örl @ er, such as 1i. 1? Rze, ore containing substances, to (lcre nietallurgical products, non-metallic 1Zt ) listoffc, such as refractory clay, I1 ": ilksteiii, ph (rocks containing isphate ti. (1 @ -1., At "Iemlicraturen, the iilrer (lein boiling point of Water, just below the real one The melting point of the mineral substances. the The heat treatment treated here does not apply Drying, 1ZÖstcii, llrnen. Calcite. Hardening are other procedures that are Irraturation carried out "-ground and with oxidation iiie (Iri, zei- oxides uud reduction of liiilicr () xyde ver are bound. The development deals in particular with the agglomeration of ore oxide dusts, such as iron ore dust and similar finely divided metallurgical materials in preparation for their reduction, as well as improvements in the heat treatment of small, compacted cells or conglomerates. such as B. briquettes, glomerates, spheres, round, egg-shaped bodies or spheres, which harden them to form solid wets or glomerates, ie to increase their strength, strength and resistance to impact, shock or other mechanical stresses and weathering. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the heat treatment. Burning, as used here, is the expression of a hardening of compacted masses that takes place without substantial or detrimental melting of the individual mineral particles.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the firing process explained, although, as mentioned above, these are also used for other processes can.

The problem of processing ore dusts and other similar finely divided inorganic materials into bodies of a size and structure which make them economically treatable for metallurgical furnaces such as e.g. B. Blast Furnaces, ordered for a long time, and its solution has often been flawed. N-fason (American patell no. 307 667) proposed that iron ore dust tt. d-1. moisten with water, which may or may not be provided with a binding agent, then shape it into briquettes or irregularly shaped small pieces and subject them to a hardening process in the resting state, in which they are sandwiched between layers of solid fuel and heated there by burning this fuel or burned. Later on, briquetting with or without subsequent heat treatment was proposed, as was sintering or compression. Similar to sintering or compaction, it has been proposed to moisten this ore dust and shape it, with or without the addition of binding agents, into spheres or other profiles which should be dried and fired more or less without undue fusing of the mineral constituents of the ore. In another proposed method of carrying out this idea, a stream of humidified ore dust was placed in the upper end of a relatively long inclined rotary kiln, the lower end of which was maintained at a high temperature by burning fuel therein the moist ore dust would agglomerate into globules during the first part of its passage through the furnace, and that these globules would be dried and eventually hardened on their way through the hot end of the furnace. Other experts who have found this method unsatisfactory because the spheres were too fragile after drying to withstand being tossed around in the oven and largely disintegrated, have suggested that the spheres should be left in an unfired state of rest and without breaking stress in some, but unfortunately not specified, manner n to wear during recovery. However, these suggestions were not accompanied by any understandable, executable instructions for carrying out the method.

It has now been found that the disintegration of these globules or conglomerates during the heat treatment can be prevented for the most part by increasing it the rapidity with which the temperature of at least the outer layers of the fresh or raw globules from under too ° are brought to hell for which there is sufficient Hardening of the ore dust takes place in such a way that the hardening ring of the outer layers very occurs quickly. For most of the Eisetler cells, this temperature is between cgoo and ii5o °. In order to carry out this requirement, the vain position becomes rougher, that is, more humid, utthardened and untreated beads with an initial temperature below loo ° from a machine-made, heated to a predetermined hardening temperature and at this "temperature held gas stream flows through until not only the surfaces, but also all internal parts of the beads, are thoroughly heated to the firing temperature are heated. At the end of this, the globules that are now hardened are stored Heat for the most part all the preheated gas given off, which leads to the following Heating the raw beads is used.

Carrying out the @ method according to the present invention generally seen in the following steps: Formation of two enclosed gas-permeable layers of the material to be treated; Feeding untreated Bodies on the loading surfaces of the two layers; Discharge of the treated Body of all one or more places of the lower part of the layers, fillings or warehouse; a first stage, in which a reducing or oxidizing Gas flow, such as air, through one of the two layers, which is the primary or upstream bearing is called, is pressed, whereupon the gas is supplied with heat after this passage and then by the other camp called secondary or downstream camp flows; a second work stage in which the roles of the two camps are reversed are, and the gas flows through the two bearings one behind the other in the opposite direction; Continuation of alternating the two work stages and regulation of the heat supply during operation, so that the temperature of the treatment gas when it enters in the secondary camp is held on a predetermined hell.

The heating of the gas stream can be carried out in any known manner take place, e.g. 13. electric, but should preferably be fed by disconnecting of gaseous, liquid or solid fuel in the gas flow itself, whereby the combustion zero products mix with the gases and this thereby dilute. The designations: \ ufstronl tittd.-Lbstrom refer to the location of the layers in the order of operation, with gas flowing through it first Bed is called Aufstromhett.

When burning ore dust formed into pellets, which initially has a moisture content of 100/0, with a hardening temperature of around 100% -, the theoretically required total heat energy q for heating a ton of raw, i.e. untreated of the briquettes or liiigelc'lien on these tem- temperature about 293 ono kcal, of which so% of the \\ 'poor (23o ooo kcal) the palpable \\ 'arine of the o.9 tons Honed material: represents and only 200; 0 on the evaporation of the initially present Moisture coming. With regard to this \\ 'Sleeves} e (tarf is, for economic reasons, the . \ exercise of the body at low temperature five times as important as just drying and Hardening the same. The drying of the Neten and fired globules should therefore be used Possibility to be done at a temperature that as close as possible to the temperature of the outside air lies, e.g. 13. near the dew point of the exhaust gases, and it is just as important to treat the exhaust gases with a relieve relatively low temperature, im ideal case with that of the outside air. on these \\ 'ices would be significant heat cerltistc by being carried out in a hot state Body or hot: fumes avoided. Around Achieving both desirable goals will, a, the "duration and number of changes in direction of the Gas flow and, h, the average speed ability of the treated beads to be discharged (and thus also those of the introduced beads) regulated so that the temperature of the exhaust gases is not becomes inappropriately high and (iaß the treated Globules 1) ci der. \ Tistragsame practically unheated are. In detail lx # stelit the cycle of the driving from the following: i. = Maintenance of two \ of gas (ltircliströmbareti fillings or Storage atis previously hardened globules; 2. Maintaining the temperature. "\ -at least the floor- parts of the two camps, essentially below the I3e trading stone temperature; ;. Attitude at least that In the l> er part at least one of the two camps at a temperature sufficient for the burning temperature; 4. Continuous or periodic put (the balls on the loading top area greed bearing; 5. 1) tircht) read a stream \ -on treatment gas, such as 13. Air, through that primary bed, whereby by heat transfer of the spheres for the treatment gas cools \\ - earth; 6. Combustion of flowing 13 rent is often in this preheated gas, where- its temperature has been reduced to the hardening temperature is brought; j. Passage of this heated gas through the secondary bed, the gas through \\ ': irme transmission to the globules cooled i @ i rd. @@ - ol @ ei this via the evaporation temperature of the water and further on hardening temperature heated \\ - earth; B. Discharge of the gas in unheated condition for purchase; G. Development removal of the fired globules from the lower one Part of the camp, also in proportion moderately unheated condition. The flow direction of the treatment gas is now reversed reverses, whereby the primary and secondary load ger change their operational position, and although at intervals that are a relatively low Ensure third outlet temperature. By accommodating the Kiigelchenlager in appropriately heat-insulated, emptied and fillable heating chambers (hereinafter referred to as chambers for short), which are connected to one another at one end by a likewise heat-insulated combustion zone, furnace chamber or channel, which is hereinafter referred to briefly as transverse channel, and with means such. B. burners, is equipped, through which a controlled amount of fuel is introduced, it is ensured that the raw pellets are evenly hardened with the slightest defoliation, bursting or disintegration and that the burned pellets are cold when leaving the chambers and that the The amount of fuel to be burned in the combustion zone or the cross-corridor is greater than that required to evaporate the moisture initially present, namely by an amount sufficient to remove the poor and the to replace a relatively small amount of energy that is lost as a result of the inevitable increased I? utropia. To reduce the cost of air injection, the bead bearings are kept relatively wide and low, and ample free spaces are provided immediately below the bearings.

Because of the so between the camps and the adjoining open spaces The extensive free furnace surfaces formed can allow the gas to flow according to hydrodynamic laws flow evenly into the effluent bed through the spaces between the beads. By reducing the distance that the gas takes when flowing through as much as possible to move the bearing between the upper and lower surfaces (or lower and upper) has, the resulting pressure loss is limited to a minimum and thus also the cost of blowing. The minimum thickness of the bearing in the direction of the gas flow is determined in part by the length of time the beads are heated must be kept at firing temperature.

The device according to the invention for performing the method consists essentially of two thermally insulated heating chambers of circular shape. elliptical, rectangular or polygonal cross-section. Each of these chambers is provided at the upper end with means for the continuous or periodic supply of the material to be treated to a store of the same material located in the chamber and with means for removing the treated material from the lower part of such a store. A free space is provided in each chamber for the inflow and outflow of treatment gases and exhaust gases into or out of these stores, which is delimited by the bottom surface of the store and the lowest part of the chamber. Each chamber also contains a free space at the top, adjacent to the upper boundary surface of the filling. The facing sides of the two chambers are, preferably on their upper hands, by a heat-insulated cover connecting corridor or sewer bound through which the read unhindered by one of the open councils over the camps in the same chewing the other chamber striimen came. 1) 1e Openings in the transverse channel are preferably located above the filling surface of the bearings. The transverse channel can and should preferably also as a V or as a fire flue erbrennungskamnler serve and is with -; means, e.g. B. burners, for the I: introduction of a liquid or liquid fluid I ') fuel provided. The device has there are also some means for compulsory leadership Cities l) eliandlttugsgases through the Aufstroin- chamber, the transverse channel and the outflow chamber alternately in opposite directions. These means consist of a fan, which (read gas pushes into the chambers, or from one Exhaustor that sucks the gas out of the chambers, and <#utslireclierideii valved '' down (litirgsrohren between this fan or Hxhatistor and the free riddles among the Filling eyes of the chambers. 1) a the Auslaßenclen the camp always has a relatively low have temperature and the or they leaving gas also unheated or cold is, so do not need the bottoms of the chambers iv: to be isolated from irine, just as little to connection pipes between these and (learn blower or I? xhatistor. The chambers can be of various form be elaborate, such as columnar, prismatic, cylindrical, pyramidal or elliptical. As a recording Gal> e device for the introduction of the material can use any of the usual funding facilities 1).: # Can be used, such as ribbons, chains, cups. Augers, chutes, scrapers, filling funnels ti. The like. These can also come from several equal moderately distributed, vertical or oblique ailg: or (lneteti slipping or promotion rititieii be stand. those through the roof or an upper point lLi- chamber wall into the chamber space- rageii and through which the raw material through Scrubbing force slips onto the loading surface. This can either be at different, on the Distributed periphery of the loading surface Bodies happen. in which case the 13e Sending oil has the shape of an inverted one K: gels whose side angle is finite (no normal paint @ angle of repose of the raw material correct, or at several of the (> l) surface of the bed evenly distributed places, so date (miss area one of a series of '1: 1l: rlt and irregular hills existing'- stalt receives. 1> 1e feeder kaiirr but also from a single, essentially perpendicular arranged: n gutters exist. the preferred iron through the central axis of the chamber lid () which protrudes into the chamber in its \ ä112. In In this case, the I3eschickutigsol> er surface d1 <# Shape of a cone, the side angles of which are equal to is the angle of repose of the raw material. Of the is part of the gutter protruding into the room preferably made of refractory material. The chamber is essentially cylindrical and ini has an axially arranged feed chute. so a lziist carrying the filling may be nearby of the chamber floor; angeor (we rden, the horizontal can be right, preferably in the form of a has an inverted cone, whose upward of the chamber wall to the central axis extending The angle is essentially the same (no angle of repose of abandoned globules. Even if it is desirable that the wärtsl) e-, yegigible of the material in r: iumlicher If there is uniformity, then> are considerable Deviations from this for I) etriel> perm: issig. without that the efficiency of the process is serious I would be compromised. Wciin solid body. such as B. Globules, through a central outlet roller on the lower linden tree of a kegelfiirmigeii rabbit floor be carried out. so they tend to. in the In the middle of the chamber flow rapidly zti, iv: herend them slide along the walls more slowly. By Prallblec.he o (ler_ \ 1) steering wings that attach to your conical Attached to the floor, however, some Measured even Alm-: irt flow of the 'lmaterials can be achieved. The chamber is very good. such as 13. 1> e1 one vertical cylinder from () to Ma 11i diameter, so it is of advantage to eilie rcilie vmi drain pipes and the individual tubes through d1 " discharged men, -e so zti regulate. (Measure a 1111 general-: inen the same - @ l @ w: irtsl> eiveguug der Filling occurs when <#iii items handled Material is removed from the bottom of the filling. 1 # a> eiiso like the rabbit-ii, the ouer- canal in various forms; iusgel> ild @ et seil]. So he can have an elongated tubular shape have, or he may be relationally out of eileer large chamber or furnace that pass through Do not act against their openings lying chambers are closed. The fuel can be fed into the heat-insulated wall of the transverse duct left in a hurry: #n individual burner take place, but preferably through several IP separators, which are close to the ends des Otierkalials angel »-acht sitl (l. The ole amount already granted is partially limited ° in: s lower free bridle. rather from the lower part the Kainnl.r and the lower surface of the in the Chamber 1> efindlicheii Fülllinri gc # 1> il (let is, can consist of a grate, t \ -clchcr the above the Floor or part of the @lo (lens of the hand- lungskennmer l> efin (ual filling carries, so (measure -IM free cream underneath at least part of you The filling is created. On the other hand, it can do the freicli Itatun 1> e limit <lc 'means also from a riiig- fiirinigen 'feil lx # stand. Glas himself 11; 1h ° (les 13 @ xleiis from the Kaininerlvand diagonally downwards inwards to extends. so claß below a ring-shaped: r Free space with inl essential x # n (ireieckigc # ni Cross-section arises, the sides of which are lower in front Part of the chamber wall. your mentioned sloping "for sale, and the @l> fulfill: irhe of the material formed who (lell. (read about the sloping: ig <# 1 # downward slips 1 st and with »orinalcni Sclüittwitikel between the lower side of the inclined part and (l a lower part of the chamber wall. This means could further consist of a louvre-like part or parts arranged inside the lower part of the chamber and provided with pipes through which gas in di, behind horizontal chamber can be introduced or removed from this.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to Figure 1 of the drawings.

Fig. I is a schematic section through the longitudinal axis of the sufferers Heating chambers of an operational device for: \ execution of the invention Procedure; Fig. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a broken one Part of the explanation of the invention shown in FIG. Figures 3 and 4 are schematic longitudinal sections v <»i two differently constructed heating chambers are sufficient. i the invention; is a broken off part of a cut through another in particular the provision for the chambers of the device after finding; I # ig. Egg shows an individual part of a special form of the transverse channel, with parts are omitted. to represent its interior; Fig.; is a schematic Section through a further type of embodiment of the device according to the invention; Fig. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the curves of those occurring at specific points on the infill Temperatures at specific times during the hardening process according to the invention demonstrate.

In Fig. I. the one device for the hardening of beads represents moist llagnetitstaub, A and 13 are two equal heating chambers with their Accessories, C an elongated tubular connection between the chambers A and B. In chamber A, i is a substantially cylindrical container. 6 in in diameter and 3 m high, with a conical roof 2 and conical bottom 3. The side walls and the ceiling are provided with refractory lining d, as is the U-shaped transverse channel 5, which connects the rooftops of .4 and B. The bottom 3 is made of sheet metal without refractory lining. 6 are eight feed rollers or chutes with funnel-shaped Mouthpieces that fit evenly over the junction of the 13eli container i with the Cover 2 are distributed and which are used. the raw globules by gravity to be fed to the loading surface of the filling 1ii9 7. : \ m pointed part of the bottom 3 is a mainly cylindrical outlet pipe 8, which with a adjustable gate valve g is provided through which the .behandelten beads can fall from the heating chamber onto the conveyor hand.

Several ring-shaped louvre-like rings with a roof-shaped cross section 15 are located horizontally within the heating chamber at the level of the connection point of the bottom 3 with the container i. The Jalotisi-like parts 15 are with a annular gas chamber 17 surrounding the lower part of the container 1 by eighteen radially distributed gas lines 16 in connection. The rings 15 ensure the formation of annular free spaces, those of the lower surfaces of the louvre-like Rings 15 and the free surface of the beads, which in the course of their downward movement fallen through the karrimer A through the ring-shaped crevices and under it in their normal angle of repose must be limited. ig are gas pipes, which connect the annular gas chamber 17 to a reversing valve 20. 21 is a gas line connecting the reversing valve 20 to the blower 22, and 23 is't an exhaust pipe. The heating chamber B has the same shape as chamber A_, and theirs different parts are in Fig. i and this description with the same "numerals Designates like the parts of chamber A and only has one additional apostrophe.

24 is a burner which is passed through the thermally insulated wall of the transverse channel C near the point of entry of the channel into the tip of the chamber A, while 24 'is an identical burner which occupies the same position in relation to chamber B so that everyone of the two burners is arranged so that it can let the gaseous fuel into the straight part of the transverse channel 5 in a fairly axial direction. 26 is a fuel gas line, 27 is a three-way valve, and 28, 28 'are branch gas lines which connect the valve 27 to the burners 2.I and 2., respectively. 30 is the free space above bed 7 in chamber A, 31 is the interior of transverse channel C and 30 'is the free space above bed 7' in chamber B.

As FIG. I shows, gas can be branched off to the free spaces 30 in chamber A and in the same way to the free space in chamber B by means of the pipe 33 provided with valve 3.4, which leads from the pipe ig to this free space.

The following exemplary embodiment is intended to provide a more detailed explanation of the mode of operation of the device just described. Example i Atmospheric air is forced through the motor-driven fan 22 at a rate of 566 cbm per minute at a pressure of o, og atm via pipe 21, reversing valve 2o, cold air pipe ig into the ring-shaped gas chamber 17 of chamber A, from where it passes through the radially distributed gas lines 16 is fed to the open spots 18 below the concentric roof-shaped rings 15. The air now flows past the lower edges of the rings 15 vertically upwards through the filling 7 into the free space 30 immediately above the loading surface of the filling 7. From the free space 30 , the air flows over the elongated transverse passage C provided with refractory lining upper free space 30 ' of chamber B. The fuel is introduced from fuel line 26 through burner 24 into space 31, where combustion takes place and the air is heated. The amount of fuel introduced by the burner 2.4 is regulated so that the gas flow entering the space 30 ' is at a predetermined and regulated treatment temperature, e.g. B. I Ioo ', is held. Bed 7 'is the same as bed 7 of chamber A. Gas with a temperature of 100 ° flows downwards through filling 7', through the lower vacancies 18 'under the rings 15' and further in the radial direction through line 16 ' to the annular gas chamber i 7 'and returns through the cold air line i9 to the reversing valve 20', from where it is vented through the line 23. This process is called direct current.

In the reverse flow, the reversing valve 20 is rotated 90 °, and air from the fan 22 flows through pipe i9 ', annular space 17', concentric rings i_5 'to the filling 7', through this up to the free space 30 '. The fuel supply to the burner?. happens by switching valve 27. From the free space 3ö the air flows through the cross channel C from right to left and reacts with the fuel introduced by burner 2.1 '. The temperature of this gas stream is kept at 100 ° as in the case of direct flow. From the cross passage C the gas flows into the free space 30 and from there downwards through the filling 7 and the louvre-like rings 15 in the annulus 17 and pipe i9 to the reversing valve 20, from where it is drained through the outlet pipe 23. The process is carried out by constantly changing the direction of the gas flow from the direct to the reverse flow and vice versa.

Untreated beads are transferred to chamber A through eight feed tubes 6 supplied, which are evenly distributed over the area of the chamber A. On the same Thus, beads are fed to the chamber B through tubes 6 '. The raw ore globules, which are given up through these tubes on the loading surfaces of the fillings 7 and 7 ' roll downwards and radially inwards and form one on the bearings free surface in the form of an inverted cone, the angle of which is equal to the normal Angle of repose of the crude globules is. The burned, dried, cold, treated Beads are discharged from the bottom cone through outlet tubes 8 and 8 '.

In the operation described, about 99o tons of raw pellets with a moisture content of II % are fed into each of the chambers A and B through the eight feed pipes 6, 6 and about 87o tons of finished material are discharged through the discharge pipe 8. The treated beads can be continuously drained through the correspondingly adjusted gate valve 9 in an amount of 615 kg per minute or, in the case of periodic operations, in items of z. B. 12 tons every 20 minutes or 3,000 kg every 5 minutes. It can be seen that when a given amount of treated beads is drained through tube e, an equal volume of raw beads is automatically introduced through the supply tubes.

During operation of the furnace, the speed at which the beads are discharged through the outlet pipes 8 and 8 'is only limited by the fact that the beads must be essentially cold when they are discharged. The operator can drain items of various sizes from the bottom of chambers A and B at any distance, but with the restriction that if the drained pellets are inclined, their temperature increases in an unacceptable manner above the dew point caused by the. \ uuslaßrohr 23 outflowing gases lies, the speed of the discharge of the beads must be reduced until their temperature has decreased accordingly. The control of the reversing valve 20 is tied to similar circumstances. The device can work in direct operation as long as the gases flowing out through the discharge pipe 23 are kept free at about 75 ' (learn the dew point of the gases 20 rotated 9o 'and the reverse flow initiated.

It is an essential characteristic of the present process that it is always possible to avoid significant heat losses which can occur in the form of sensible heat, insufficiently cooled spheres or insufficiently cooled exhaust gases. This is achieved in practice easily characterized in that the average speed of the., # Ustragung, the globules from the bottom surfaces of the two chambers and regulates the reversal time of the valve 2o.

The temperature to which the beads are heated can easily be controlled, within a few degrees, by controlling the amount of gaseous fuel introduced through irentier 24 and 2-l ', which can be done without difficulty by installing thermocouples (not shown) in the free spaces 30 and 30 'can happen.

In the operating example described above, the spheres have an average diameter of 21 mm, a specific gravity of their individual particles of 3.23, a dead space of 36.4% and a specific gravity of the whole dry mass of 2.07.

FIG. 3 shows a different embodiment from that shown in FIG the heating chamber A. With this type, a single feeding device is in the form of a chute 6 used for the introduction of the material, which in or near the Central axis and at the top of the roof 2 of the substantially cylindrical container i is arranged. A short piece of this slide 6 protrudes into the interior of the chamber inside and is preferably made of fire-resistant material or is clad with this, as shown at .4o. The loading surface of the filling 7 is in this case conical and has an angle of repose equal to that Angle of repose of the material posted. Located between this loading area and the roof 2 an upper free space 3o, which is in connection with the interior 3i of the transverse channel 5 stands tiiid the same: \ ufgalie has as the room 30 of FIG. 1.

1) The burner in this case consists of a ring line 41 and several tubes 42 evenly distributed around it, which establish the connection between 41 and the interior 31 of the transverse channel 5. Through the tubes 42, gaseous fuel is introduced laterally in 31; 1i. essentially in the direction of flow flowing into and through 31 from upper space 30.

43 is a cone-shaped grate, the angle of which is substantially the angle of repose of the on the dispatch surface of the on this grate (len Fill 7 corresponds to accumulated material.

44 is a lower free space between the rice 43 and the ground 3 of the heating chamber.

45. 45 are several evenly distributed branch pipes for the discharge of the treated bodies from a "zone, which lies between the tip and the base of the conical grate 43, to the collecting pipe 46 for the discharge, which is provided with an adjustable gate valve 9. 47 , 47 are several evenly distributed discharge pipes, which are provided with adjustable gate valves 9, for the discharge of the treated bodies from a "zone which is at the foot of the grate or close to it. By appropriate adjustment of the various gate valves 9, the lowering of the filling 7 can be regulated so that all the spheres forming the filling are treated uniformly.

1) he operation of the device described in Fig. 3 can be in the same Manner as that of the device shown in Fig. I.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 (read roof 2 has an in general domed shape. There are several evenly distributed feed chutes 6 used so that the charging surface is an irregular, one of a number of fairly evenly distributed cones, which are intertwined at their base pass over and the angle of which is equal to the angle of repose of the bodies introduced, has existing form. The free space marked 5o for entering and leaving of the treatment gas has an inclined wall 51, which extends from the side wall i of the The heating chamber extends quite steeply downwards and serves to place the bed 7 in the Narrow the height of this wall so that the globules below it face outwards towards the chamber wall i or its conical bottom 3 roll.

In this embodiment of the invention, the air is via the line i9 is pressed directly into the ring-shaped free space and flows through from there the lower free surface of the filling 7 up through the filling 7 to the upper free Ratim 30.

Fig.4 further shows another embodiment of the device for Discharge of the material. The conical bottom 3 of the heating chamber is down in the Provided in the middle with a central discharge pipe 8. Below this pipe 8 is a disk 52 rotated by a motor via gears 53 is arranged. By the When this disk 52 is rotated, the treated beads are continuously removed from the chamber, the speed of discharge from the number of revolutions depends on the disc. The bodies flowing out of the tube 8 onto the disk 52 can removed from the disc in some way, for example by a scraper conveyor not shown.

In Fig. 5 the device of a bell-shaped hopper is shown, as it is also used in blast furnaces. Here is the conical tip the heating chamber blunted and provided with a relatively large opening 6o, in which the hopper 61 is fitted. 62 shows a bell of normal construction, from the piston of a pivotably arranged air pressure cylinder via a lever bar 64 is actuated. When using this feeding device, an irregular one occurs Loading surface above the bed 7 as the material moves in an annular shape Pour heap on this surface until the normal angle of repose is reached.

In Figure 6 a modified construction of the Ouerkanal is shown, which can be used in each of the chambers described here. In the case shown here, the transverse channel consists of an enlarged, refractory-lined, generally cylindrical combustion chamber 7o, which are connected to the upper free spaces 3o and 30 ' by likewise refractory-lined channels 71 and 71'. The device for introducing the gas in this case is essentially the same as that shown in FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of the mechanically operated three-way valve 27 for guiding the gas flow from 28 either to the annular burner tube 4i or to the other annular burner tube 41 '.

Figure 7 shows a heating chamber of generally rectangular cross-section provided with a grate 75 carrying the filling and extending obliquely from wall i to the opposite wall 73 of the chamber at an angle corresponding to the angle of repose of the material being treated. The finished bodies are discharged from the bottom of the filling 7 through several evenly distributed channels 76, outlet slides 77 and discharge gates 78. By adjusting the slides 77 , a sufficiently uniform downward movement of the filling 7 through the chamber can be achieved. While the treated bodies are being discharged in this way, the raw spheres, as a result of their own weight, slide through a series of gutters 79 running through the wall i above .the inclined surface of the filling 7. This filling has a parallelogram cross-section, two of which are opposite one another Angles are equal to the angles of repose of the beads, and is preferably relatively wide and shallow.

As shown in Fig. 7, the side walls i and 73 of the chamber supported by several, generally vertical supports 8o, 8o, which are supported by several, top and bottom struts 8i and 82 held in a parallel position will.

111 Fig. 7 altered form of the heat-insulated transverse channel shown is similar to that shown in Figure l ig.6. It consists of a generally rectangular combustion chamber 8s which is finitely connected to the upper free spaces 30 and 3o 'by channels 86 and 86' , respectively. Liquid fuel is introduced through the valved pipe 26 into the combustion chamber 85 through the burner 88 or through a plurality of such burners distributed along the axis of the chamber 85.

The construction shown in Fig. 7 can be. how easy to see is to enlarge without great difficulty in the longitudinal direction by lengthening the walls i and 73, the ceiling 2 and cles grate 75 in the horizontal direction and by attaching additional discharge and feeding devices for the one produced in this way Extension yaw heating chamber. In line with such an \ enlargement, the Combustion chamber 85 can be extended in a similar way and with the chambers .-1 and B through several connecting channels 86 and 86 'with additional burners 88, which are distributed across the Tiber to the elongated roof.

When this device is operated in direct flow, air is blown through the pipe icg into the lower free space 18 of the chamber A, from where it is blown upwards through the filling 7 into the upper free space 30, from there through the transverse channel 86 into the combustion chamber 31 and flows further through the transverse channel 86 'into the upper chamber B, not shown in FIG. 7, and after passing through this chamber finally flows out into the atmosphere. During the reverse flow, the air is t through chamber B, transverse channel 86 ', combustion chamber 3 t. Cross channel 86, space 3o of chamber A, the filling 7, space i8, tube i9, reversing valve 2o and let off into the atmosphere. While this is going on, fuel is continuously introduced through the burner or burners 88 into the combustion chamber 85 and burned in the gas flow, the fuel supply being regulated so that (read treatment gas flowing from the combustion chamber 85 into the upper free space 30 or 30 ' is kept at a predetermined maximum temperature and that the treated bodies are discharged in such a way that all the filling 7 sinks relatively evenly, and that a relatively uniform layer of raw bodies is applied to the charging surface.

Details of the various embodiments shown in FIGS. 3-7 the device can of course also be combined in a single device will. So z. B. the one in l # 'ig. 7 also shown in connection with the one in I, ig. t shown 1 leizkaniniei-n use <lct \\ - earth, or the one in Fig. The arrangement of the burners illustrated i can be used in each of the configurations shown in FIGS both transverse channels can be used. The bell-and-funnel feeder shown in FIG can be used in conjunction with the construction of the chamber floors shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 to be used. 1? Ine `lelil-zalil from: 'lustragero'hren, as shown 111 Fig. 3 can be used in the 1-leizkaniinerli shown in FIG. as well the discharge means can be constructed and arranged in such a way, (lall either a continuous, but ver; inclerlicli controllable, or, if required, one periodic removal of the treated body takes place.

As can be seen from the examples described above, that a considerably larger amount of treatment gas (air) is always used, than necessary for the combustion of the fuel introduced by the burners 24, 24 ' is, so that the gas entering (the waste bed is always strongly oxidizing.

Of course, the above l) esclii-ielietie; \ norder of the means for introducing the fuel into the transverse ducts, although preferable, is not twofold. The fuel can also be fed into the free spaces 30. 31 'by means ( usually the above-described burners) inserted in the roofs 2, 2 'of the rabbits. -1 find h of Fig. i. 3, 4, 5. 7 are arranged tintl so operated. so that the introduced fuel mixes with the treatment gas and that the combustion of the fuel has essentially ended before the heated gas flows into the second l). Beispie12 The power maturity of the i measures described in example apparatus is relatively small. For a company on an industrial basis with a production of I>. one or several million tons; an arrangement such as the one shown in Fig. 7 can be considered. The rectangular rabbits A and h are 7.3 m wide and 24.4 n1 long, measured at right angles to the position shown in the drawing. The fillings 7, 7 'are i, 8o in high. The grate bars 75 are inclined at an angle of approximately 37 degrees , which corresponds to the angle of repose of the pellets placed on the loading surface. The horizontal cross-section of each bed is 178 square meters, the one measured parallel to the plane of the grate is 223 dm. The specific weight of the beads in the dry state is 2.07. (The dry weight of the beads in the bed is 67 @ t. At 45 minute intervals, 167 t of finished product are discharged through the shut-off valve 77. At the same time, inserts weighing 188 t are fed to the loading surface by the feeder 7c). The bed consists of a lower layer full of 1.37 vertically hardened spheres, on which a 0.46 m high layer of raw spheres rests. A stream of 1726 clnn atmosphere: Irish air (glass treatment gas) every middle minute is pushed through the bed. On average 139 <generator gas \\ - ground each \ limite (introduced by the lirenner 88. This las has the following composition: CO, 4.8%, CO 23..I0 / 0. C = 111 0.30 / 0. H, g, 70/0. CHT 2.40, 'o. \ _; 9.4 "/ o full of vain olleren empty value t223 kcal / ni: i and a net calorific value of t 1 54 kcal / tn @. That amount of pulp is enough, tim the temperature in the free room 30 over <learn atif- keep stream bed on iioo ° zit. The volume of the in the rat1t11 3o entering gases amounts to 1872 <11 times each, and (read treatment gas has the following composition T: CO, 2.44 ", 'o. 0 = T7,750 / 0, 1I_, 0 2.25% and N_, 77.660% o and is therefore strongly oY_v <lieren <I (like the treatment gas in example i). While (read gas down through the c1,46 111 thick layer of crude globules (<itif <iiigliclier l @ euchtigl: eitsgeltalt 11%) sti-iinit, lletvegt is vain \\ '@ Irrnewelle descending at a speed v011 12 111m each \ 1 illilte. At this heating speed The capacity is 3.7 t per llintite of dry pellets lxler 535o is only generated. liei in the first appearance the \\ 'iii-nietvelle old the leakage surface of the Layer of rolling globules is (read temperature gefiille 4o- / ctit. During the wave: I down I1 (#ivegt, the oil rises) the surface temperature of the spherical from T5.5 to iioo °, finite an average increase in volts 30 "per minute. The flinundlier movement of the individual heat waves in the filler gel 7 and 7 'is shown through the l) iagraninte in Fig. B. The left 1) ia- grarinn shows the temperature distribution in the l 11aninier '# A, being the vertical spacing about your rust as abscissa and the temperature in Degrees Celsius appear as ordinates. I: in lihn- liches l) iagi-atnm for the chamber R is on the right shows. It is only assumed that the operation at noon begins, at what time, the 1? simplicity (For the sake of hearing it was assumed that all the beads in -leiden l # aintern hurried temperature from 17., S- echo. I) The device is now refluxed in Operation genoinnieii. I want the front blower .22 kornnteilde air attf \\ -: it-ts by Ratim 30 '. the Cross channel 86 ', 31 and 86 from right to left and then flows all around through chamber .9. By Burning v'111 fuel in the cross channel is the temperature in free space 3o, above bed 7 11e1 i ioo 'held. After 12 - back of this ktICk- The bottom line is the temperature distribution in the chamber iner. -1 as shown by the curve 12.12h is, Wollei the 550 lsothertne t2cni below the The control surface is located. 111 den n; iclistell 20 llintiten becomes the \ V @ irrnewelle allwürts in the l @ ainnier.-I zti der <for the curve 12.3o "showneli Shifted position. L "111 12.45h Itat the 550" -Iso- therine die l'llerg; iilgsfl: iclie between the roles and the geti-l>cl; iieteii ll "iigelclien reached the 46 cni tititerlialll of the leakage surface lies. L'rn be sure zti 11a1: 1 the bottom layer of the rolls Globules atif hurried enough fetched treatment tenillery, such as io4o, has been heated up, intifi the return flow to be continued until 12.56h. \\ 'i11 paints the coldest part of the layer To66J bring the reflux to t, toh, at which time the temperature distribution is as shown in the right of the two curves marked 1.1 oh.

At this stage it becomes possible to remove a 46 cm high layer from the ground of the bed? the chamber-4 to remove, in which case the temperature distribution is suddenly shifted 46 cm downwards, but without changing the waveform, so (let the 55o ° isotherm be brought to a position 76 cm above the grate. Around T, loh it will then be possible to add a second layer of 16 cm of raw beads to the chamber Introduce A and continue the reflux until 2.20h, at which stage the second added layer has been heated to well above to4o °.

With the same efficiency it is only about 1.10 "in the afternoon to switch the reversing valve to direct foot after of course the 46 cm shift finished product removed from the bottom of the Kamnier 13 and at the same time an equal thickness A layer of raw globules has been placed on the filling7 '. At the direct river the air forced by the fan 22 flows through the grate 75 at the bottom of the chamber A upwards through filling 7, which is heated to 1o66 in the process. In this case, the feed from generator gas to burner 88, (la the temperature of the from left to right through the OOuerkanal flowing treatment gas already on Treatment temperature has been heated without a combustion of fuel was necessary. In the direct flow, the heat wave in the filling 7 'of the chamber ß in every relationship is formed as in the already mentioned curve 12, 12h for the chamber A is shown. This heat wave moves downwards through the filling 7 ' a speed of i i min per minute.

While the cold air flows directly upwards through the filling 7, the spheres contained therein are all-cooled to inlet temperature (18 ") and a cooling wave is pushed up through the filling 7. The speed at which this wave flows upwards is However, it is 13.2 m in per minute. The air flowing through the transverse channel remains essentially at a temperature of T066 ° until 1.55 h in the afternoon, after which the preheating temperature begins to decrease, slowly at first, but then faster and faster, so (leave at 2, 04h the preheating temperature has fallen to 540 ". In order to maintain a constant treatment temperature, it is necessary to continuously increase the supply of generator gas to burner 88 during the course of the direct flow By opening the enclosure 34, the gas flow to the burners can all be easily be designed more evenly. As described above, if 172 () M "3 per minute of air is blown upward through the filling 7, the rate of ascent of the cooling shaft is 13.2 mm per minute. The air flow is split by the fan and only 1303 m3 per minute is raised pressed by filling 7, while 425 1113 per minute through a bypass line 33 and (not shown again in Fig. 7) earthed, the speed of the cooling wave rising upwards in filling 7 decreases to 10.2 mtn per minute and is therefore equal to the ascent speed of the heat wave in Kamtner B. In this process, part of the air is preheated as it flows upwards through chamber A for the entire duration of the direct flow 1303 1113 per minute has mixed with the unheated 425 m3 per minute of air, it can be determined that 1313 1113 per minute, which are supplied by burner 38 , are sufficient to keep the temperature in the free space 30 'above the filling 7' at 100 °. This method of diverting an appropriate amount of air has the consequence, (if the demand for generator gas remains constant. In any case, an even supply of fuel to the burners is advantageous.

Of course, the height of the layer of raw globules placed on the loading surface can be varied within wide limits. As already explained, the operator has utn "oh the choice whether he finished a 46 cm deep layer or material will be removed from the bottom of the chamber A from the bottom of the chamber B. In any case, it is not necessary at this time, the In fact, it is not necessary and also not particularly advantageous if the operator who is responsible for removing the finished beads from the bottom of the chambers informs the person responsible for switching over that the discharge is in progress When carrying out the method, it is advisable to switch the valve 2o by means of an electrical device which is controlled by a thermocouple built into the exhaust pipe and set so that valve 20 is switched when the exhaust gases rise above a certain temperature, such as 65, 12o or 150 'or similar "temperatures. In the same way, the discharge of the treated beads from chambers A and 13 can be automatically controlled so that it fits into a certain time cycle, e.g. 13. every 45 or 75 minutes. In this case, however, the discharge of the pellets must be automatically interrupted by a device that measures the temperature and is in thermal contact with the discharged pellets as soon as their outlet temperature exceeds a certain level, e.g. B. 49 or 104 'o. The like., Increases. The producibility of a certain chamber can of course be increased by a generously dimensioned maximum temperature of the pellets during discharge as well as the exhaust gases. Such an increased yield is at the expense of the thermal efficiency.

The speed at which the combustion gases 111 enter the combustion chamber flow is preferably automatically regulated by thermal elements that are in the free spaces above the two Füllutigen7 and 7 'are attached. In this way the entire operation can be carried out fully automatically and without operator intervention will. Example 13 The two examples given above relate to procedures for the hardening of spheres oller spherical bodies made of iron ore powders, which in the: processing of poor iron ores such as minnesota taconites, incurred. Because of the fine-grained structure of this material, (read raw ore pulverized in order to achieve a satisfactory preparation ztt. The cost of this Pulverizing are not negligible. If these silicon-containing ores are in the The device described here is introduced and heat treated until it has a Temperature above the a-ß-quartz transformation point and you have reached the material thereafter cools to room temperature or below, so will the resistance reduced against attrition, so (let further pulverization take place more easily goes. Since most iron ores containing silica contain only small amounts of water, This preparatory heat treatment can be carried out with small amounts of fuel and therefore low cost. In the method or the device. as were described in example e, relatively dry silicon-containing Ores in an amount of 7,000 tons per day are heat-treated with a generator gas consumption of 22.6 tn3 per N'finute. 13eispie14 When transporting iron ore from the mine for the blast furnace large and often decisive for the profitability arise Costs. Many ores from Lake Superior in the V.St.A. contain i i% moisture with 2.5 to 3, -3 '/ o bound water and have freight costs of several dollars per ton burdened. It is therefore a particular aim of this invention to have the ores in place and place zti dry and ztt to toast, even if it's just a matter of saving freight costs acts. A mesa that contains 83.25% Fe with 1.6o% moisture can serve as an example and 3.70% bound '' water. When dried by the present process it will lose 15.30% of its weight, which is a not inconsiderable freight saving means. 1) 1e dry analysis of this ore shows 60.21% Fe. After treatment through (but in the present process it has an iron content of 63; 0% 0.1) a the operating costs of the indoor fogging treatment seldom more than one Fraction the freight savings, the \ 'ii-tscliaftliclikeit of the procedure is obvious.

1ieispie15 No changes in the chemical composition of the treated lineral were mentioned in the preceding examples. 1) 1e of the present invention in no way excludes such changes. I) The roasting of elongated kidneys from \ orddakota comes into question here. These ores contain mixtures of dolomites, siderites and rhodochrosite, with, for example, 1.8.0% Mtl, 1.6% Fe, 6% moisture and 32.2% CO 2. By heat treatment of the material 1> e1 z. B. 100 ° the carbonates are calcined, and the kidneys lose 38 per cent of all weight. 1) The first dried and calcined kidneys contain 29% iron and 18.95% iron. The freight saving by transporting the material to the furnace is considerably less than the cost of heat treatment. lieExample 6 1) The chemical reaction mentioned in Example 5 was just a simple thermal decomposition of the carbonates of Fe, 11n. Ca and Mg. In the case of the examples 3, the treatment gas was oxidizing in every case. For many technically important uses of the present invention, however, it is desirable to carry out reducing reactions. Perhaps the simplest example of this is (as magnetizing roasting of silicon-containing 1? Ise ores. If you ask to process low-grade iron ores, magnetic "burning" has proven to be useful and effective. ores that are inherently magnetic. '\' iele low-grade ores are liematite. E = a typical example is an ore that contains 32.0% Fe (as Fe, 0.1), 50% S102, 3% A1203 and 1.3% H 2 O. For the magnetizing processing of this ore, the device shown in l'-g- 3 is preferably used. The treatment chamber II.-1 and B can have a clear diameter of 6, (i ne. A special treatment gas is through (read fan 22 at a length of 3396m3 per minute, to which another 201 m "generator gas per: minute, which has the composition given in example e, is continuously added The flow through the upflow chamber is preheated to 704 'and has the composition C0_ 15.240 / 0 on entry into the flow bed. CO 2.10%, I1_, 0.7.20% and N, 73.93%. Such a gas is slightly reducing, so it can reduce Fe 2 O 3 to Fe 3 O 4, but is not capable of reduction enough to reduce Fe 3 O 4 to FeO. When trimming the heated ore, a reduction takes place and iron oxide is converted to Magnetfit. 1) 1e composition of the gas emerging from the effluent bed is C02 i6.820 / 0, CO 0.700 / 0, 11 2 0.33 ° / 0, 11 = 0 8.180 / 0, N_, 73.950 / 0. When flowing through the downstream chamber, a reducing wave forms in the bed. which moves at a speed of 24 mm per minute, heating and magnetically processing 3.49 t of ore per minute (5080 t daily). The * reduction of the iron oxide to Magnetfit by CO is strongly exotliermiscl ;. The amount of heat generated in this case amounts to 95,760 kcal per minute, which is far more than to compensate for the amount of heat lost through the walls of the device and for the thermodynamically degraded heat in the insufficiently cooled exhaust gases. Little or no fuel is used in this process. When carrying out the method described above, the course is as described in Examples i to 5, with the exception that the treatment gas consists of a mixture of recirculated exhaust gases (from the exhaust pipe 23 to the inlet of the fan via a line not shown), which is marked with 6 , 16% generator gas are somewhat enriched. To maintain a constant volume in the circuit, approximately 6% of the circulating gas must be vented during each orbit.

The heat treatment described in Example 6 can be understood can also be used with success where low-grade, high-grade silicon Iron ores are processed magnetizing, which in their natural state are non-magnetic are. In the heat treatment described in Example 6, hematites become magnetites converted, and at the same time the silicic acid becomes <.by the a-ß-conversion guided, which reduces its internal strength and facilitates pulverization will. The magnetized ore is then ground and magnetically separated. The magnetic concentrates are rolled into spheres, which are then heated by heat can be cured as described in Examples i and 2.

All of the examples described above relate to treatment of metallic ores. The technical processes cited empty as an example passed from the removal of moisture, drainage of bound water, thermal Decomposition of carbonates and the conversion of hematites to 1 @ magnetites. It is needless to say that a number of other minerals, such as clay, bauxite, Phosphate stone, chrome ore, manganese ore, and pyrite, come into question. The principles of The present invention can also apply to other reduction reactions, such as. B. the Conversion of Magnetfit to Fe20, as well as the reduction of Fe O to metallic Iron, can be applied. Fe 0 can also be oxidized to Magnetfit like also Magnetfit to ferric oxide.

An important process from an economic point of view for which the Process usable is the processing of highly sulphurous ore by oxidation. There are extensive reserves of iron ore at home and abroad, which are accessible, cheap and metallurgically usable, with only their high content of sulfur in The shape of sulphides. The presence of a The significant amount of sulfides in the iron ore makes it unusable as furnace feedstock. Such high-sulfur L1-7e can at high temperatures by the present Process are heat-treated, with oxidizing gas (air) as treatment gas is used to oxidize the sulfur content of the ore to sulfur oxide, which is later discharged with the exhaust gases and (read iron as Fe203 leaves behind the process is exothermic. little or no fuel is used.

In the various procedures described above and attached Illustrations of the apparatus for performing these procedures is in each For the sake of simplicity, we have always stubbornly mentioned two treatment chambers. Of course, however, in a plant operating on an industrial basis, a Multiple heating chambers can be used. So can z. 13. eight chambers so constructed will. that four pairs of chambers are connected in parallel. Each of these couples 'Can be provided with its own fan without difficulty, oller it can every four pairs a common fan for the introduction of the treatment gas to have.

There is no compelling reason within the scope of the present invention why such treatment machines must be arranged in parallel pairs. It can e.g. 13. Six such chambers can also be connected in series, with one single blower, and a treatment gas, e.g. I3. Air. l: arin one after the other the six chambers are pressed, with the gas in the first three chambers; ttifw,: irts and in the other three flows in direct fullness downwards. Connecting lines or channels are so arranged in this case. (sat the first chamber with the second, the third with the fourth and (they fifth with the sixth at the tips or finitely connected to the upper free spaces. Connecting lines can be laid out in such a way (she sat the floors or lower free chambers of the second chamber connect with the third and those of the fourth with the fifth. One or more combustion chambers can be included in the gas cycle be. In general, in an operation with a plurality of chambers, the A wide variety of series or parallel connections can be used. Of simplicity The detailed explanation has been added for the sake of description and ease of illustration of the operation according to the invention limited to a single pair of chambers, what as sufficient was deemed to be indicative of the proper manner in which the Method of the invention as well as the many obvious variations and possible Combinations of connections between the individual treatment chambers and the Management of the treatment gases.

In another embodiment, one of the two or more treatment chambers can only be used as a heat regenerator, d.li. it can be a thermally insulated chamber that Through the bed \ - <»> \\ ': irme absorbent solid bodies, such as spring-fixed -I- @ lnstücl: e. Sandstone pieces, dead burned f) olotnite. Chrotnite. ver molten clay particles and other refractory sub- punching, including from iii previous processes » heat treated particles. at this arrangement are the operational Ma1.- took the same as described in example i was, with the difference, dali (read to be treated loading material only in half a cycle is acting. This increases the efficiency speed of the device correspondingly reduced, the thermal \\ 'irl: ungsgra (1 lead but the same. As above scholl ertv: ihnt. l: anii the volume of a i abandoned item within wider limits being changed. It is particularly helpful to showed that during the 13etrielws a whole Filling are discharged, the cam- mer can be completely empty for a short time, and thereafter a single item can be abandoned. the one made of diesels a post ice filling forms. While the chamber is lecr, the gas supply interrupted. Hei this 13et1-iel) sart is the The filling is immobile during the action. at such an operation distort certain heat dissolved in all gases at the end of the cycle.

Claims (1)

PATEN TAV PROPOSAL: 1. Procedure for the \\ '@ irmel> ehandling and Solidification of small compacted bodies moist ore dust s>. clgl .. characterized by net. (All inside on tlie dispatching area two separate gas permeable layers th, which begin lnan "iiiglicll from previously warmth> ehan- deltell and solidified @iirllern of the drive zti formed submissive material Has. alternating untreated moist and im essential tillgelleizte l @ ürllel- from dein ztt loading acting material is simultaneous a correspondingly large volume of water Deleted and solidified kiii-per from the ground of the removed from the same camp, a gas stream, preferably air, through at least the olleren 'safe for the freshly loaded layer leads upwards, this as a result of 1 \ 'ärmeül> Carrying over from those lying there l% 1-iil-hern proposed heated airflow all slic for solidification the 1% 1-örller required 1-liihe heated. preferential wise through rennuilg that takes place in him of a fuel, ttnd i1111 finite this temperature through at least the top part of the others. each not freshly clicked layer downwards leads and dieselt gas flow before the lowest "bar of each stands freshly loaded Layer has been heated considerably, whereupon plan. after removing the solidified bodies from the last layer there is a fresh 1> clicked layer and their l3escliiclkting illit tiii-treated body pern, which leads the gas stream in reverse, namely first of all, first of all; eat air flow through the the upper part of the freshly loaded layer \ -, are as t @ asstr @ im. after \ ärts Solidifying Temllerattir. through d (-n olleren "Heil lIel- not fresh 1> escllicktell layer al> @@ ä rts, whereby. \ llr significant heating of the bottom Partly this shift, the way of working the other way round and then jetveils on in the same alternation @@ iederholt \\ ird. =. \ -erfaltrell according to claim 1. kellllzeicllllet.d; tl.i lnan small compacted bodies. z. 1,. Liügelrhen with small briquettes. from damp tem 1 ': istnerzstaull luler' similar finely divided lnetallur @ # iscllem oxvclischeln \ 1material ver welulet. @ - 3. \ -erfaltrcu according to Allspruch 1 and 2, thereby shown, that the treatment layers inl @@ eselltlicheu vertical, compared to their @tl "e'ite Haclle camp of the K (> rlmrchelt dar- place. \ -criahrc'll hach Allspruch t bi'-, 3, thereby rl: ellllzcicltuc't. dall the I; ehandlungsgas osv- d @ l'1 "e'11111 ' W lrktlllg has. ;. \ -experienced »oh-claims 1 to 4, thereby gel: ellllze'icltnet, dal.l die @clticltt. on which roll, bold 'K (") l-1> e # 1- are applied, with- (lestells essentially to your interests dieIeml @ eratur d ('1-. \ ttl.ieltlttft has. l1. \ @trriclltung for the \\ 'poor treatment and I l: il-tttllg \ () 11 1 <lcinell \ fictional Kiirl> attained Made of moist Lrzstaul> or the like, consisting of two thermally insulated heating chambers with charging devices for the material to be treated at the upper end and discharge devices for the treated material at the lower end; Devices for the introduction and discharge of mostly unheated treatment gases at or in front of the lower I: ncle of both chambers, these lower chamber ends being designed in such a way that when filled with the material to be treated, an empty space is created between the chamber floor, chamber wall and material; a thermally insulated connecting pipe between the two upper ends of the chambers, which are formed so as to contain a void above the loading surface of the material to be treated; A device mounted in the connecting pipe for heating the treatment gas which passes through the glass connecting pipe, and a reversible device for heating the treatment gas from the lower end of one chamber upwards through its oil, through the connection pipe and through the second chamber down to their lower 1? nd and vice versa.