DE821582C - Method and device for the heat treatment of pourable or non-pourable material in a vacuum, in particular for the heat treatment of bread grains before grinding - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for the heat treatment of free-flowing or non-free-flowing material in a vacuum, in particular for the heat treatment of bread grains before grinding Subject (Icr invention is a process for # \ ,: irmelx # llaticlluii "of good in a vacuum, which wed (-r is not pourable or pourable or is not able to run freely at the beginning and in the course of the Process becomes free flowing. In particular, that is twuc \ ', experienced in the preparation of bread grain in front of the Probably suited to the Körtier züi crumble hzw. to unlock, ie to enlarge the uniform of the children and their Porosity: to increase it. If necessary, can through the new procedure will also be achieved -, - ii that the I> tjhaii <Ielt.u grain, especially if it is by nature ans dry and hard -, # contains grains, a be stinimw, desired for a good grind Final moisture content as well as a good, evenly distributed average moisture level down to the innermost core of all good particles. The method can also be aimed at achieving a tough, resistant shell for the cereal grains, which is desirable in order to achieve low-ash flours.

The new procedure consists in combining the one to be treated Well first a vacuum, then a vapor pressure, then a sudden pressure relief, again a vacuum, then a heat treatment under vacuum and finally to a higher vacuum to cool down, - to expose it after some time will. Individual elements of this combination as well as subgroups of it are known per se.

The new continuously feasible combination process brings very significant advantages, especially for quick and even preparation and _Maturation of bread-grain with it.

To carry out the new method, devices can be used which, depending on the material to be treated, are free-flowing, not free-flowing or initially not free-flowing and only become free-flowing in the course of the treatment, have differences in design.

A device for carrying out the new method, in which both non-free-flowing and free-flowing material can be treated, can have three containers standing under one another, essentially the same and interconnected by locks, for which an inlet lock is provided at the top and an outlet lock at the bottom . This device is composed of four locks, each equipped with two shut-off devices, and three similar containers arranged in between, each of which has three space sections, one for untreated, one for under treatment and one for already treated good. When entering the device in portions, the material to be treated is first evacuated in the entry lock to such an extent that no air can enter the first container when it is transferred. In the first container, through which the material is constantly moving, a high vapor pressure acts on the material, which at the same time can be exposed to the action of a heating device, so that the material quickly assumes the temperature corresponding to the vapor pressure. The material collects in the lower section of this first container until it is brought into the second container in one portion through a connecting key. In this connection, the high steam pressure is abruptly lifted by connecting the lock with a condenser, so that the material undergoes an increase in the scope of its individual constituents and an increase in their porosity by puffing, which is associated with a thorough breakdown. In the condenser, the suddenly exhausting steam is immediately precipitated together with any dust that has been entrained, and this prevents the vacuum to be maintained in the second container from being impaired when the lower shut-off device of the connecting lock is opened by the steam pressure in the lock.

To be in the connecting lock to the second container when unloading of the pressure to avoid the precipitation of water, by means of which an advantageous Cooling of the item to be treated, but at the same time an A-list drying occurs, this lock can be well insulated and / or heated in all or some of its parts be.

For reasons of expediency, a device supplying mains water or a treatment solution, e.g. B. a mains water spraying device be arranged. In the middle section of the space of this second container, the pretreated material is subjected to constant movement of a heating under vacuum, which is expediently supported by a permanent and z, # N-angs- # veise swirling of the vapors, which on the one hand ensures that water penetrates into the innermost core of each good particle and is evenly distributed in the process. The heating device can be designed in such a way that it can be set to different temperatures in sections, so that on the other hand any excess water can be withdrawn again.

After the material in the container has again collected into one portion in the lower part after the heat treatment under vacuum, it is transferred through the second into the third treatment container. In this, the material is brought under a higher vacuum than prevails in the second treatment tank, which causes a Rückkühlunor be. This can also be supported by influencing a cooling device built into the third container, via which the goods can be conveyed away more quickly or more slowly. Dalxl occurs on the cooling device, a condensation of the vapors into water, which is delivered quickly to the lierüberrieselnde Well, what cereals in treating overall is advantageous because this water easily notifies the switching of the cereal grains. As is known, this is of great importance for a payment. In addition, further drying out of the goods is practically prevented. After the material has been recooled, it leaves the device through the outlet lock connected at the bottom. without the higher vacuum in the third treatment tank being impaired, because before the material enters the outlet, the sluice has been evacuated again by connecting it to the air suction line. In the drawing, FIG Device shown schematically in a longitudinal section.

With 1, 2, 3 and 4, the four locks are sawn lines, between which three treatment vessel 6, 14, 20 are turned on. each lock i to 4 is closed at the ends by shut-off devices, with the aid of which the material introduced in portions can be closed off. The four locks i to 4, which can be aligned with each other, are connected by connections 5, 12, 33, 24 and corresponding pipelines via condensers 8, 18, 22 with two air pumps 7, ig.

The essentially identically built treatment Jung containers 6, 14, 20 ##, - eiseii each in the upper part a space section for receiving a portion of the goods poured out from the upstream locks 1, 2, 3 at once. Underneath, there is a treatment kit, each from the middle part of the treatment tank, in which a W # ii-nu exchange device, 1 5, 2 1 is housed. A section of space is provided at the lower end of each treatment tank. see in which the steadily moved through the heat exchange device, 15, 21 and regulated by a discharge device 11, 17, 23 accumulates again to -a portion. In the upper section of the second treatment container 14, a network device 13 is also installed, through which the flow of material flowing in via a cone is finely atomized. B. water can be supplied to compensate for the loss of water resulting from the expansion of the pressurized steam and possibly also to increase the water content of the goods.

As heat exchange devices 9, 15, 21 it is advisable to use plate-like tubular pickling plates with passage openings that are heated with steam. If these exchange devices are to be heated with Danipf of different voltages, the heating plates are to be grouped together.

Thus, the checked material is conveyed uniformly over the plate-like heating plates, and more or less rapidly, are drühbare or back and forth swinging Armkretize io, 16, 35 is provided, which with inclusion of controllers on the countershaft 30, 31, 32 from a Hauptantriebsv, -elle 25 can be operated from.

For the forced swirling of the vapors in the second handling container 14 can be a whirling device within the Drefigestelle his arnica crosses 16 for vapors, e.g. B. in the form of a proi) ellerw-erkes, i6 ', be arranged.

The discharge devices-ii, 17, 23 are combined with the lower ends of the cross-arms 10, 16, 35 in the three Beliandlungsbehältern 6, 14, 20, which bring the goods from the lowest room sections of these containers to the adjoining locks 2, 3, 4 . All treatment tanks 6, 14, 20 are connected to the evacuation device by pipelines, the middle section of the first IC treatment tank 6 on top of that with a steam supply 34 so that this tank can be kept under a certain steam pressure. The middle space section of the second treatment container i-1],: arm at the lower end also have a steam connection 36 , with the aid of which the thinly layered material conveyed over the plate can be given a particularly effective steam treatment.

A steam ejector 37 is also installed in the pipeline which leads from the third treatment tank 20 to the condenser 22.

The heat exchange device 21 in the third container 20 can be connected to a Line supplying coolant must be connected to the vapors in this container to condense and thereby promote the formation of the higher vacuum in this space.

From the main drive shaft 25 , via the VorgelCgC 26, 27, 28, 29, the shut- off devices of the locks 1, 2, 3, 4 are also positively actuated according to the purpose. The switching of the shut-off devices for the vacuum bypasses is of course also effected from the main drive shaft 25.

The plate-like tubular heating plates serving as heat exchange devices should have a high heating pressure, i. H. be operated with high heating temperatures. They should provide large, e heating surfaces with little space requirement for the goods being moved down and work together with diarrhea slots and a simple agitator. At the same time, an intensive vapor exposure should also be guaranteed. In addition, the device should have a low overall height and require little material expenditure, little work and low costs for the production.

each plate-like tubular heating plate can consist of one of a support structure held position of adjacent endless heating pipes, of which on the side extending wings go out, which together with the pipe surfaces the Form usable plate surface and the one from the supporting surfaces of the neighboring heating pipes have the appropriate distance for the passage of the goods.

For example, a number of such heating pipes are connected to the side Airfoils with a circular plan on radially standing support arms, roughly in shape a Krcisringes, concentrated concentrically to form a Heizelernent, with several Such heating elements when placed on top of one another form a heating section, which as a whole is in a zvlin-drischcn jacket can be used. The heating tubes are useful here at one point of the circumference on the underside with heating medium feeds and at another point on the circumference with corresponding heating medium drains or condensate drains connected.

The heating sections have central openings with a manhole form and the bogie of the agitator and a propeller mechanism for the whirling up of the vapors.

A kreisförrniger in cross section Hcizschuß is shown in four sections in Figs. 2 to 5 and in two layouts in Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a heating section. in the init 41 the cylindrical jacket, 42 the central shaft, 43 the frame of the bogie, which carries the agitator arms with the ploughshare-like scraper 44, 45 the axis of the propeller mechanism and 46 the propeller blades.

Fib-. 3 shows several heating elements in the cylindrical jacket 4 1 of the heating section, which are held together by Krcisrl * n- #, e 47. These circular rings 47 hold the heating tube rings 49, which are arranged concentrically to one another, through the radially standing cantilever-like arms 48. These heating tube rings 49 can be welded to the support arms 48 at their support points. Flat iron rings 50 are arranged on both sides of each heating tube ring 49, which in the case of a heating element together with the tube surfaces form the usable plate surface for the material to be subjected to the heat treatment. Between the edges of the inner flat iron rings So of the heating tube 49 and the edges of the outer flat iron rings So of the respective inner heating tubes 49 are slots 5 1 through which the fed material can pass.

As shown in Fi ".4, the concentric heating tubes c49 are provided on their underside with openings 52 with which they open into radially standing tubes 53 which serve to supply the heating medium of the condensation water formed is provided.

The execution of the heating section according to FIG. 5 differs from that according to FIG. 3 in that the heating tubes 49 'are attached to the support arms 48', while the annular support surfaces 50 'lie directly flat on the support arms 48'.

The material to be subjected to the heat treatment in a heating shot according to FIGS. 2 and 3 and supplied from above accumulates on the wing 50 and the heating pipes 49 at an angle of slope which is characteristic of the material to be dried. In this position, it is effectively exposed to the heat from the heating pipes49, which is supported by the swirling up of the vapor. The ploughshare type Abstreifer44 promote the accumulated material through the slots p between the neighboring heating pipes 49, etc. to the respective underlying heating element. The scrapers 44 of a Heizel, ementes or the scrapers more heating elements can 54 (Fig. 6, 7) in groups on the arms be fixed which are connected to the frame 43 of the bogie. Purposefully, it arranges the arms 54 for the scrapers 44 in the bogie in a spiral, so that the scrapers 44 come into effect one after the other on the plate surfaces lying one above the other. Inside the frame 43 of the bogie there is the propeller mechanism 45, 46 for whirling up the vapors.

The heating shots offer the possibility of the single, eliieii fleizelemente to be arranged one above the other with a small height gap and thus large heating surfaces to be accommodated in a small space with little material expenditure and low costs.

For the heat treatment of particularly sensitive goods, which must not come into direct contact with the heating surfaces, the type of heating element according to Fig. 5 is chosen .

A second embodiment of a Vorricbtung for exercising the new method, which is particularly useful for the heat treatment of pourable material, such. B. grain, is shown in the drawing in Fig. 8 in a schematic longitudinal section.

This new device has only two locks, between which a single vacuum container is switched on. The upper lock container 6o is designed so that it can be used both for pretreating the goods with steam under pressure as well as for the sudden relaxation of the steam pressure is suitable. To this end is in that Lock tank 6o a steam coil 7o arranges them in it like the wings of a Kneading machine can rotate in order to warm and roam it out. The sudden discovery Spinning in the lock container 6o takes place over -> he the Capacitor 65 and is not represented by a Asked control device masters that too at the same time the alternating air evacuation of the Lock 6o can regulate. The lower lock container6i is so lxmeasured in its volume, that in him that periodically and suddenly emerges from the warm goods passed through the middle vacuum container kept under increased vacuum for so long can until it reaches the desired final temperature has cooled down. For the implementation of the training the lock tank is cooled accordingly dimensioned and through a suction connection 64 and through pipelines with a steam jet suction device ″ i and via capacitors 66 and 72 with a high vacuum pump 73 bound. The higher vacuum in the lock 61 can -, alternately manufactured and from one Control device -be mastered that too the alternating air evacuation of the lock container61 via the capacitors 66 and 65, respectively controlled. each lock 6o, 61 has its both ends shut-off devices through which always a portion of the goods in the lock room can be included. The upper lock 6o is through a suction connection 63 and a dedicated Talking pipeline through a condenser 65 connected to an air pump 67 . The treatment treatment tank 62 has an empty one in the upper part Hardly any section for receiving the from the lock 6o good poured out at once, including one larger treatment room in which heat exchange devices 68 are housed. Under this commercial space is an empty space section provided in which the steady through the heat exchangers 68 therethrough Moved good again collects into one portion and from where it is suddenly conveyed into lock 61 can be changed. Among the # \ "irmeaustatiscli- devices 68 there is a discharge device device 69. This discharge device 69h can the goods faster or slower through the loading handling container 62 moves \\ - earth. In the middle, for heat treatment of the The space section of the vacuum container 62 karin the estate one or more times Water can be supplied. This can be be enough that one is standing in the vertical Vacuum container 62 several cooling zones switches through which refrigerants flowed through Cooling elements are formed that on the one hand the Cool trickling good. On the other hand, the Cool, elem, duck, via the appropriate vapor Steam is guided, thereby with a film of water fogged up, but immediately from the trickling bodies ners and with further heat treatment lung is absorbed. In this way # the rieselii (leii; iit to incorporate almost any amount of water. In any case, this gives the possibility of achieving any desired final water content of the goods with great accuracy and great uniformity, regardless of the temperature conditions of the goods to be treated before and at the end of the heat treatment ii .. I have to use them, as is the case with a known method.

The heat exchange devices to be expediently to be used in the treatment tank 62 are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in a section and in plan on an enlarged scale.

In these heat exchange devices, 83 is the heating pipe jacket, 84 ring-shaped pipe layers, 85 a central shaft, 86 a supply line for the heating steam, 87 a discharge for the condensation water, 88 throttle valves to close the shaft 85, 89 suction duct protection plates for the vapor extraction , with go channels between the fleizrohrlagen for the exhaust static, with gr and 92 inlets and outlets of the cooling liquid to the cooling elements and with 93 a Danipfatiluß for a steam spray device. Each individual heating section 68 of the heat exchange device i-iii- is made of pipe rings or pipe coils gell u 'wet, the concentric so in a zvlin- drischen jacket 83 are used that they are central leave a Schaclit 8. # , which can be used as access shaft for temporary control of the . \ pparat "-iiiiierli. for easy supply and discharge (lü- .; FIc; ziiie (Iiiinis and for collecting and further- conduct (It # sl) rii (1, ciis atts- is formed. The central Sli.tcllt, 9_3 l # ann üher each heating shot 68 mediated citier 1) ro,; "elllal) p # -88 at any time also during the Operation from the outside, 7th 13th with a handle (resc1110 - #; "uii or g can be opened so that it is possible is, the 1 »rii (leii iiiiierliall) one or more over- eiiiaii (1 - # "i- aii" cordiicter Ileizschüsse 68 temporarily to stow what is necessary for the preparation of the grain can be particularly advantageous. In the upper part of the 1 Teizschüsse 68 are throttled Ahsall - gl ## Mäle 74, the entry openings gen thr ough Fenders (Sq covered are so ] Bein lierabrieschides grain is carried away with it. 1) he shaft 8_3 provides with many radial channels dem li (# i-; tl) rieselii (leii Getreidestroni in \ 'erbigung, so (1 ## i, »on the uli side the vapors produced are easily separated sucked, on the other hand also vapors through the IZolirlag (-ii liiii (itircliriLseliid, -ii grain supplied , # verden Iz ('3tiiieti. what for the preparation of tr # ide is important. That down in the heating section water evaporating from your riczclti # lcii grain can be demolished as vapors through the shaft 85 above lin Helzschuß trickling down cold zu-eleit # -, - erdeii. The Abkühlun-szonen be bought in the catfish forms that iiiali in the heating shot still special z # separated provides through which one also a Kühltnitt..A liiiidurchleit can. Adjacent to these layers can also be ring-shaped SI) riilii-olit-leitiiii- 93 aiior (Iticii, through which the cooling cleinenten finely distributed a film of water can be charged.

The upper space sections in the heating sections 08 can be used as compensation spaces, since the grain only trickles slowly there. This has also proven to be advantageous for the uniform preparation of grain following the previous treatment by cooling and wetting under vacuum.

Another embodiment of a device for exercising the new process that s, i especially for the heat treatment from the beginning material that does not flow, but becomes flowable in the course of the treatment, is in the drawing in Fig. vi also in a cal-_ inatic longitudinal section shown.

The apparatus consists essentially of three locks 95, 96, 97 and two interposed-eii VakuumbehIltern 98, 99. The formation of the three locks 95 to 97 is substantially the same as that in the devices of FIGS. I and 8 during the vacuum vessels 98, 99 are different from each other. The upper vacuum vessel 98 substantially corresponds to a \ 'akuumbehälter 6, 14 or 2o according to FIG. I and the container 99 to the vacuum vessel 62 of FIG. 8. The heat exchange device in the vacuum vessel 98 is composed of plate-like heating plates 9 as beispielswei # se in 3 , whereas the heat exchange device in the vacuum holder 99 is composed of a plurality of heating elements 68 , individually shown in FIG. 9 , arranged one above the other. 'With this device a good. the Z. B. because of a too high # \ 'a-.ss, er, -elialtes is not free-flowing, are initially treated under pressure or negative pressure, or can also be dried in the B. treatment container 98 under vacuum at a higher or lower temperature, while the further treatment in the treatment container 99 can be carried out, as is explained in detail in the description of the device according to FIGS. 8 to 10.

The loan containers 98 and 99 in a device according to FIG. Vi can also be combined to form a uniform vacuum container, as shown in FIG. 12 shows schematically, for example, in longitudinal section. Iii its upper part are tellerartigt Heizpl atten 9 according Fi1 (1 ". 3 and in the lower part without Z # a lock vischenschaltung Heizschüsse 68 init a discharge device 69 arranged. At both ends of the vacuum container ioo are Schleus-eii i grown -t.

The new method can be carried out in this device. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for the heat treatment of pourable or non-pourable goods in a vacuum, especially for the heat treatment (preparation) of bread cereals -vor the ver. niahlung, characterized in that the goods to be treated initially a vacuum, then a vapor pressure, then a sudden one Pressure relief, again a vacuum 'then a heat treatment under vacuum and finally is exposed to a higher vacuum for cooling, which then after some time will be annulled.

2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that the to be treated Good during the passage through the heated central section in the vacuum vessel instead of constant heat treatment, alternating heating and cooling treatment exposed to automatically occurring water wetting.

3. Apparatus for exercising the method according to claim i, characterized by three superimposed, essentially identical treatment containers (6, 14, 2o) connected to one another through locks (2, 3 ), for which a material inlet and a material outlet lock (1, 4) is provided, the treatment containers each having three sections, one for untreated, one for items being treated and one for items that have already been treated.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that in the treatment containers (6, 14, 20) steam-heated plate-like tubular heating plates with openings (51) for the material and rotatable Arrnkreuzzen (ro '16, 35) or the like. With scrapers (44) are arranged as heat exchange devices.

5. Apparatus according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that inside a rotatable spider (16) od. B. in the form of a propeller mechanism (W) is provided.

6. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim i, in particular for the heat treatment of pourable material, such. B. overall cereals, characterized by a single, multiple Heizschüsse (68) containing Nhandlungsbehälter (62) with inlet and outlet locks (6o, 61), wherein the inlet lock (6o) is designed such that in both its pre-treatment of the goods can be carried out by means of steam under pressure as well as a sudden release of the steam pressure, for the purpose of puffing, whereas the outlet lock (61) is designed so that the cooling of the goods can take place in it under increased vacuum.

.-. Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the heating sections (68) are annular and have a central access shaft (8.5) with an adjustable shut-off device (88) .

8. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim i. in particular for the heat treatment of initially not free-flowing, but in the course of the treatment process it becomes free-flowing, characterized in that between an inlet and outlet lock (95, 97) a treatment container (98) with several plate-like, by means of steam i) # -Heatable tubular heating plates with a passage opening (51) for the material and scrapers (44) as a heat exchange device and underneath with the interposition of a lock (96) a second treatment tank (99) is arranged in which heating shots (68) are installed one above the other as a heat exchange device.

G. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the two treatment containers (9, 8, 99) are combined to form a uniform container (100).