DE756064C - Devices made of high-alloy chromium steel containing silicon for the thermal treatment of coal and hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Devices made of high-alloy chromium steel containing silicon for the thermal treatment of coal and hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- DE756064C DE756064C DEI53584D DEI0053584D DE756064C DE 756064 C DE756064 C DE 756064C DE I53584 D DEI53584 D DE I53584D DE I0053584 D DEI0053584 D DE I0053584D DE 756064 C DE756064 C DE 756064C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbons
- coal
- thermal treatment
- silicon
- chromium steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
- B01J19/0026—Avoiding carbon deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
- C10B29/02—Brickwork, e.g. casings, linings, walls
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Vorrichtungen aus siliciumhaltigem, hochlegiertem Chromstahl zur thermischen Behandlung von Kohle und Kohlenwasserstoffen Bei der thermischen Behandlung von Kohle und Kohlenwasserstoften, insbesondere bei der Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und bei Polymerisationsreaktionen bei höherer Temperatur, besteht die Gefahr, daß sich im Reaktionsgefäß und in den Rohrleitungen Kohlenstoff abscheidet. Auch beim Verxn enden der üblichen Chromstähle als Baustoff für Vorrichtungen, in denen Kohlenwasserstoffe einer thermischen Behandlung unterworfen werden, besteht bei Anwendung hoher Temperaturen diese Gefahr, wenn auch in geringerem Maße.Devices made of silicon-containing, high-alloy chromium steel for thermal Treatment of coal and hydrocarbons In the thermal treatment of Coal and hydrocarbons, especially in the splitting of hydrocarbons and in the case of polymerization reactions at higher temperatures, there is a risk that carbon is deposited in the reaction vessel and in the pipes. Also at Verxn end the usual chrome steels as a building material for devices in which hydrocarbons are subjected to a thermal treatment, exists when using high temperatures this danger, albeit to a lesser extent.
Um diesen Mißstand zu beseitigen, wurde schon vorgeschlagen, die Vorrichtungen oder Teile davon nach der Formgebung mit Silicium in der Weise zu überziehen, daß man dieses in Pulverform einbrennt. In so hergestellten Apparaturen findet keine Koksbildung statt. In order to remedy this situation, it has already been suggested that the Devices or parts thereof after shaping with silicon in this way cover that one burns this in powder form. In apparatuses made in this way no coke formation takes place.
Es wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, daß man bei der thennischen Behandlung von Kohle oder Kohlenwasserstoffen die Kohleabscheidung in einfacher Weise verhindern kann, wenn man die mit den heißen Ausgangsstoffen oder Umsetzungsprodukten in Berührung kommenden Vorrichtungen oder deren Oberflächen aus einem hochlegierten Chromstahl herstellt, der einen Siliciumgehalt von mehr als 1 O/o, vorteilhaft bis 30/0 hat. It has now surprisingly been found that the thennische Treatment of coal or hydrocarbons makes the coal deposition easier This can be prevented by dealing with the hot starting materials or reaction products devices that come into contact or their surfaces are made of a high-alloy Chromium steel produces which has a silicon content of more than 1 O / o, advantageously up to 30/0 has.
Beim Arbeiten in Vorrichtungen aus solchen Legierungen wird die Kohlenstoffabscheidung vollständig vermieden. Die - Legierung verliem jedoch diese überraschende und wichtige Eigenschaft, wenn der Siliciumgehalt unter 1% sinkt. Außer Eisen. Chrom und Silicium braucht die Legierung kein anderes Metall zu enthalten; es können jedoch die im Stahl oft vorkommenden Metalle, z. B. Mangan, Nickel, Molybdän, Wolfram, Titan oder Kohlenstoff. in den üblichen kleinen Mengen vorhanden sein. When working in devices made of such alloys, the carbon deposition completely avoided. The alloy, however, lost this surprising and important one Property when the silicon content falls below 1%. Except iron. Chromium and silicon the alloy need not contain any other metal; however, the im Metals often occurring in steel, e.g. B. manganese, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium or Carbon. be present in the usual small amounts.
Vorrichtungen aus dem beschriebenen Stahl eignen sich für die verschiedensten thermischen Reaktionen von Kohlen oder Kohlenwasserstoffen, z. B. für trockene Destillation fester Brennstoffe. Spalten oder Polymerisieren von Kohlenwasserstoffen in flüssiger und besonders in gasförmiger Phase in einer oder mehreren Stufen bei gewöhnlichem, erhöhtem oder vermindertem Druck in An- oder Abwesenheit von Katalysatoren. Gasen oder anderen Zusätzen. In erster Linie kommen die siliciumhaltigen Chromstahllegierungen in Frage für Vorrichtungen, in denen bei hohen Temperaturen. z. B. bei 500 bis 800° und höher. gearbeitet werden soll. da bei so hohen Temperaturen Störungen durch Kohlenstoffabscheidungen besonders leicht eintreten. Devices made from the steel described are suitable for a wide variety of applications thermal reactions of coals or hydrocarbons, e.g. B. for dry distillation solid fuels. Splitting or polymerizing hydrocarbons in liquid and especially in the gaseous phase in one or more stages at ordinary, elevated or reduced pressure in the presence or absence of catalysts. Gases or other additives. First and foremost are the silicon-containing chromium steel alloys in question for devices in which at high temperatures. z. B. at 500 to 800 ° and higher. should be worked. because at such high temperatures disturbances occur Carbon deposits occur particularly easily.
Verwendet man als Werkstoff für eine Spaltvorrichtung statt eines Chromstahls mit mehr als 1% Silicium einen bekannten siiiciumhaltigen Chromstahl von im übrigen gleicher Zusammensetzung mit weniger als 1% Silicium, so gelingt es nur auf kurze Zeit, die Kohlenstoffabscheidung zu verhindern. Used as a material for a splitting device instead of one Chromium steel with more than 1% silicon is a well-known silicon-containing chromium steel of otherwise the same composition with less than 1% silicon, it succeeds it is only able to prevent carbon deposition for a short time.
Feinschliffbilder der Stähle vor und nach der Verwendung bei der Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffen zeigen deutlich die Überlegenheit der siliciumreicheren Stähle. Bei einem Stahl mit etwa 30% Chrom. 0.22% Nickel und 0.08% Silicium zeigt der Feinschliff nach der Benutzung eine starke Aufkohlung. während iie Schliffe lei einem Stahl nach der Erfindung mit etwa 30% Chrom, 0.25% Nickel und 1.30% Silicium vor und nach einer gleich langen Benutzung praktisch gleich sind. Fine-grained images of the steels before and after use in the Cleavage of hydrocarbons clearly shows the superiority of the more silicon-rich Steels. For a steel with about 30% chromium. Shows 0.22% nickel and 0.08% silicon the fine-tuning after use a strong carburization. while iie cuts lei a steel according to the invention with about 30% chromium, 0.25% nickel and 1.30% silicon are practically the same before and after the same length of use.
Die Form der Reaktionsgefäße kann beliebig sein; als zweckmäßig haben sich Rohre mit kreisrundem oder rechteckigem Querschnitt erwiesen. Falls in die Reaktionsgefäße Füllkörper eingebracht werden. so können letztere ebenfalls aus dem beschriebenen siliciumhaltigen Stahl bestehen. The shape of the reaction vessels can be any; have as expedient Pipes with a circular or rectangular cross-section turned out to be. If in the Reaction vessels fillers are introduced. so the latter can also look consist of the silicon-containing steel described.
Beispiel Durch ein etwa 5 m langes Rohr aus Chromstahl (Zusammensetzung: 30 bis 31% Chrom, etwa 67 bis 68% Eisen, 1,39% Silicium, Rest Verunreinigungen u. dgl.) von etwa 20 mm lichter Weite, das in eine Spaltvorrichtung aufrecht stehend eingebaut ist und nach dem Wälzgasverfahren durch Feuergase unmittelbar beheizt wird, so daß diese in der Mitte etwa 840°, am oberen Ende 810°, am unteren Ende 790° zeigen, werden stündlich Soo l auf etwa 300 vorgewärmtes Propangas (Propangehalt etwa 95 %) geleitet. Example Through an approximately 5 m long tube made of chrome steel (composition: 30 to 31% chromium, about 67 to 68% iron, 1.39% silicon, the remainder impurities and the like. Like.) of about 20 mm clear width, which is upright in a splitting device is built in and heated directly by fire gases using the circulating gas process so that it is about 840 ° in the middle, 810 ° at the upper end, and at the lower end Show 790 °, soo l to about 300 preheated propane gas (propane content about 95%).
Dabei werden etwa 1,6 cbm eines Endgases von folgender Zusammensetzung erhalten: 10 Volumprozent höhere Olefine, 28 Volumprozent C2H4, 15 Volumprozent H2, 6 Volumprozent Methan-Homologe, 41 Volumprozent CH4. Daneben werden je Kubikmeter eingeführtes Propangas etwa 30 g leichtsiedendes. an Benzol reiches Produkt erhalten, von dem etwa 95% bis 2000 sieden. This produces about 1.6 cbm of an end gas with the following composition obtained: 10 percent by volume higher olefins, 28 percent by volume C2H4, 15 percent by volume H2, 6 percent by volume methane homologues, 41 percent by volume CH4. In addition, per cubic meter Introduced propane about 30 g of low-boiling. obtain product rich in benzene, of which about 95% will boil by 2000.
Nach einem mehrere Wochen dauernden Betriebe war keine Kohlenstoffbildung und keine Änderung der Endgaszusammensetzung festzustellen. After several weeks of operation, there was no carbon formation and no change in the final gas composition can be detected.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEI53584D DE756064C (en) | 1935-11-09 | 1935-11-09 | Devices made of high-alloy chromium steel containing silicon for the thermal treatment of coal and hydrocarbons |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEI53584D DE756064C (en) | 1935-11-09 | 1935-11-09 | Devices made of high-alloy chromium steel containing silicon for the thermal treatment of coal and hydrocarbons |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE756064C true DE756064C (en) | 1953-11-09 |
Family
ID=7193641
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEI53584D Expired DE756064C (en) | 1935-11-09 | 1935-11-09 | Devices made of high-alloy chromium steel containing silicon for the thermal treatment of coal and hydrocarbons |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE756064C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3723374A1 (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-01-28 | Igc Corp | DEVICE WITH RESISTANCE TO COAL DEPOSIT FOR TREATING CARBONATED COMPOUNDS |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1454464A (en) * | 1922-03-03 | 1923-05-08 | Electro Metallurg Co | Chrome-iron sheet or article and process of making same |
US1646349A (en) * | 1926-01-07 | 1927-10-18 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons |
AT131135B (en) * | 1930-08-27 | 1933-01-10 | Ver Stahlwerke Ag | Cracking device. |
US1949631A (en) * | 1930-07-26 | 1934-03-06 | Standard Ig Co | Method for conducting high temperature hydrogenation processes |
FR764429A (en) * | 1932-12-07 | 1934-05-22 | Comm Aciers Soc Ind | Manufacturing process for parts, which must be able to resist attack by decarburizing gases |
GB425073A (en) * | 1932-12-08 | 1935-03-06 | Krupp Ag | Improvements in the manufacture of articles from steel alloys |
-
1935
- 1935-11-09 DE DEI53584D patent/DE756064C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1454464A (en) * | 1922-03-03 | 1923-05-08 | Electro Metallurg Co | Chrome-iron sheet or article and process of making same |
US1646349A (en) * | 1926-01-07 | 1927-10-18 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons |
US1949631A (en) * | 1930-07-26 | 1934-03-06 | Standard Ig Co | Method for conducting high temperature hydrogenation processes |
AT131135B (en) * | 1930-08-27 | 1933-01-10 | Ver Stahlwerke Ag | Cracking device. |
FR764429A (en) * | 1932-12-07 | 1934-05-22 | Comm Aciers Soc Ind | Manufacturing process for parts, which must be able to resist attack by decarburizing gases |
GB425073A (en) * | 1932-12-08 | 1935-03-06 | Krupp Ag | Improvements in the manufacture of articles from steel alloys |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3723374A1 (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-01-28 | Igc Corp | DEVICE WITH RESISTANCE TO COAL DEPOSIT FOR TREATING CARBONATED COMPOUNDS |
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