DE752553C - Method and device for the production of mineral wool - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for the production of mineral wool The known; Types: the fine-fiber mineral wool obtained from the molten state one can basically differentiate between those that consist of very long (practically endless) and consistently fine singles, eleven threads, and those made up of more or less consist of short individual fibers with uneven fineness.

The wool consisting of practically endless, evenly fine threads are made by so-called spinning, d. H. by continuously drawing out thin rays recovered the molten mass, the drawing z. B. by winding the Thread is carried out on a rotating drum or through a roughly in the direction of the, liquid jet of effective steam or compressed air, jet: that the thread carried away. Such wools set because of their uniformly fine texture high quality product that z. B. as textile material for filters or for electrical Isolation is used. So far, this wool has only been made from glass.

The second type of mineral wool mentioned above is because of it short fibers and uneven texture far less valuable and for much, Purposes not usable. It is made by tearing the melted: Dimensions generated by steam or compressed air jets. When tearing arise as a result the thread-pulling properties of the masses in question threads or fibers with very of various thickness and length, often with a teardrop-shaped thickening at one end to have. Enamel masses that are sufficient for this purpose. are much cheaper than Glasses, e.g. B. molten rocks or waste products such as blast furnace slag. These Fabrics are used without those in glass technology to facilitate melting and processing common additives, such as soda, sodium sulphide, fat, potash, boric acid or their compounds, Lead oxide; Zinc oxide od. D: gl., Melted: which in relation to the: rocks are very expensive. Such enamel materials differ from glasses mainly in that they that they solidify considerably faster when cooled from the molten state will. They lack: the one that is decisive for the processing of the glasses large processing area. Because of this, find them despite their cheapness No application in glass technology, although the properties after solidification are sometimes better than some glasses.

According to the general opinion up to now, the length of the fibers produced is decisively influenced by the properties of the molten mass, primarily by that which is available for processing. Temperature range up to complete solidification, in such a way that the fibers; the shorter, the smaller this temperature range is, and that long fibers or endless threads only at a very high temperature bziv. Processing area, d . H. with a very flat course of the viscosity curve, can be produced. It is therefore very understandable that the mineral wools mentioned at the beginning with uniform, endless threads have so far only been made of glass.

It has now been found that the conclusion that can be drawn from: this general Conception had to draw and actually did draw, namely endless evenly Threads exclusively made of glass or similar materials with a very large processing range is not absolutely imperative, but that it is more suitable when choosing Substances and with a suitable execution this process is possible, also substances with Significantly smaller processing area due to continuous pulling out without any To process tearing into even, endless threads, and that with this method and there are significant advantages associated with the product! @.

The substances according to the invention to mineral wool with uniform endless threads can be processed, so differ from the previous ones For such wool the usual glasses first d'ad'urch that they are cooled down solidify significantly faster from the molten state, e.g. B. de most Molten rock known for the production of short fibers.

Advantageously, for. B. Composition: n @ -gen are processed, which has a toughness of less than 50 poise at around 1q.00 ° C and at around 70 ° C are already completely solidified. The beginning of softening and the thin liquid can also be at higher or lower temperatures. With a clever attitude The temperatures and other conditions can even process compositions at which the temperature range is between s thin liquid and more complete Solidification is even smaller, e.g. B. Substances that are already at slow cooling Temperatures well above 70 ° C become solid.

Such materials consist essentially of Si O., A1203 and Ca 0 and / or Mg O. In most cases they still contain some Fe -0 or Feg 03 and sometimes small amounts of compounds of the alkali metals as well as compounds of other earth metals and heavy metals. Compositions are preferred. into consideration, which contain about So to 65% Si 02 -1-A12 03 and the remainder consists mainly of CaO + Mg0.

With regard to their composition, the differ according to the Invention produced, endless uniform threads of the known, made of glass existing endless threads of equal size, essentially through the smaller, preferably completely missing Afkali content and the: missing content of the other common in glass technology to facilitate processing or melting Substances such as PbO, B203 and the like In contrast to the glass technique, soda, Glauber's salt, potash boric acid, borax, red lead or black lead not required.

The procedure according to which from the substances mentioned; fine endless, uniform threads can be produced, consists in the use of gas jets, z. B. steam or compressed air jets at high speed in such a way on the Jets of the molten mass act that this without any tearing in very fine, very even, practical: endless threads are transformed. With this in principle for the processing of glass into endless filaments method can be known According to the invention, the abovementioned substances are also too uniform without any tearing process fine, endless threads: if you can use the liquid jets that molten minerals, which, due to their composition, are significantly reduced when cooled solidify faster than technical glass and preferably at around 140 ° C Toughness of less than So Poise cut and solidified at around 700 ° C, through continuous drawing out of very thin rays of the molten mas, under them Application of close below. the outlet opening of the melting material acting on it. Gas jets, e.g. B. steam or compressed air jets of very high speed; can be processed into fine:, practically endless threads.

2. procedure; according to claim: i, characterized in that the molten mass contains about 50 to 65 ° / a S'02 + A'12 O3 and the remainder consists mainly of CaO + MgO.

3. The method according to claims i and 2 and device therefor, characterized in that stones or earths or mixtures of them "preferably Powder-like substances in a briquetted state, melted in a shaft furnace and the melt .from built into the bottom of a forehearth, with an exact adjustable heater provided nozzles' is drained.

4. Device for the method according to claims i to 3, characterized by nozzles for the pressure medium, the cross-section of which is widened in the direction of flow. To distinguish it from the state of the art, the following publications were considered in the grant procedure: German Patent No. 473 821; French Patent Nos. 822 336, 824.093 ; British Patent Specification No. 14 846 v. Chr. J. 189o, 12556 BC J. 1899, 42872o; U.S. Patents Nos. 1,650,136, 2,076,445; Prof. Dr. Guttmann, A., "The use of the blast furnace slag", 2nd edition, Düsseldorf, 1934, p.345 supplement sheet for patent specification 752 553 K1. 80 b size 5/07 The German Patent Office made a final decision on September 22nd, 1953 ;.

"The patent 752 553 can only be used to this extent in the federal territory be made, which results from the fact that in claim 1 in place of: Norte "molten minerals" the words occur: "enamel, which is about 50 to 65% Contain Si02 + A1203 and the rest of which consists mainly of 0a0 + Mg0, and ". This means that the previous claim 2 is no longer applicable." extremely 'high speed extends when using very small orifices for the molten mass and if the gas jets are very dense, e.g. B. a few millimeters below the discharge opening: g can act on the liquid rays.

The high pull-out speed can be achieved according to the invention, if the mass to be extracted is in a state of high fluidity to flow out and at the same time uses gas jets at a very high speed. Particularly Advantageous are steam jets according to the invention, which at high steam pressure through in the flow direction extended nozzle mouths can be achieved. The high fluidity the Schm ° lzinasse can by: the level of the temperature or even better by the Composition can be achieved ..

According to the invention, smaller outlet openings than in the corresponding production of glass threads, preferably of about z mm or even smaller. A high level of steam excess is also advisable. Furthermore is it beneficial; that of the steam jets on the one facing the liquid jets Side to throttle sucked air and / od, he preheat this air a little in order to this way to reduce the cooling of the liquid jets. For the same purpose can, according to the invention, the sides facing the liquid jets. the steam nozzles! body be polished or spoiled. , _ To be used for the preparation of the starting materials According to the invention, mixtures of powdered substances, such as Dry clay, loess, marl, slag powder, rock flour, in briquetted state melted in a shaft furnace and the melt from the in the bottom of a forehearth built-in nozzles to flow out. Precisely adjustable heating is important of the forehearth and especially for the nozzles.

The advantages associated with the invention are, first of all, that one: now the high-quality mineral wools consisting of uniform fibers without the usual in glass technology to facilitate melting or processing Substances such as soda, borax, red lead u @ s: w., Can produce. The cost of these substances are many times that, about the iofa: che of those for licks and rocks, in addition, these substances are not available in any quantity.

Another very important advantage over the: well-known. Mineral wool with continuous fibers is that you can use the fabrics according to the invention can melt in a shaft furnace z. B. is heated by mixed firing. Only about a third or a quarter as much coal is used here as with the usual production of molten glass.

In terms of operation, the invention has the advantage that one determined by the appropriately smaller outflow openings in a facility Size to accommodate more openings. can and that by this as well as by the expedient very high extraction speed determines the amount generated by a unit Increased size in the unit of time and reduced the relative pressure medium consumption will.

Progress is also being made with regard to the product, and primarily a greater heat resistance. As mentioned above, differentiate the compositions used according to the invention differ from those for the same Purpose known by the fact that they are already perfect when cooling at a higher temperature have frozen. Info: l: the finished wool can also have a higher temperature endure before it begins to soften.

Furthermore, with a suitable composition, there can be better resistance against chemical attacks, e.g. B. a better weather resistance achieved will. This depends inter alia. with the usual additives in glass technology to make things easier melting and processing together. These <substances like soda, borax, red lead etc., mostly have the undesirable effect of reducing chemical resistance the glasses deteriorate. Due to their elimination, mineral wools can be bought with very cheap chemical properties can be achieved provided that by the elimination the improvements achieved with these substances are not undone in any other way, z. B. by too high a content of alkaline earths, of: iron oxide, of sulphide sulfur: or the like. These better properties are for many areas of application for mineral wool, z. B. for electrical engineering and filter purposes, especially important. Extraordinary Significant are the, improvements also for the production of the finest threads, how they z. B. for textile: further processing to yarn, woven "knitted" etc. are needed. With such finest threads is due to the relatively very large Surface sensitivity. against. chemical effects, e.g. B. the weathering, extraordinary big. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for the production of long mineral fibers: by the action of gaseous pressure medium jets on molten goods, thereby marked,