DE74477C - Method and press for making bricks - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

The previously known methods of making bricks are known as the so-called "Wet", "semi-dry" and "dry" processes. After the first two procedures one uses clay, which with water to a plastic or semi-plastic mass is mixed, while after the latter method clay in dry) or expediently in dry powdered state is used. The latter process closes, in which the Presence of any moisture in the clay makes impossible a particular difficulty in itself.

After driving out the moisture, the released clay pores tend to be eager to fill with atmospheric air, which endeavor necessarily at complete Attrition of the clay is increased as the air gets between the smallest clay particles penetrates .; It is therefore for the final stage of printing for sealing and shaping the bricks required a very significant accumulation of force in order to unite the dry To achieve clay particles with each other. This difficulty becomes clear when taken into account the fact that one of the opposing pistons is of this kind Brick presses must make a movement of 25 cm in order to seal the loose clay which he must receive before the last pressure can be applied while the piston only advances 6 to 7 mm when this last pressure is exerted. The opposite piston is also advanced by 6 to 7 mm with a large amount of force for the final formation of the bricks and expulsion of the air from them, after which movement it is comparatively less Force to travel the greater distance to eject the bricks from the mold.

The manufacture of bricks according to the "drying" process has grown considerably Opposed difficulties, which consist especially in the fact that during the activity the piston trapped compressed air in the bricks, which after the The pressing and the outside of the bricks, due to their elasticity, strive to to escape outwards again, whereby the bricks get cracks or breaks.

To counter these difficulties, many attempts have been made, with more or less Successfully employed and also built machines which, operated by steam, are medium-sized. Tie rods, Curved disks and angle levers exerted the necessary pressure to shape the bricks. It turned out to be particularly useful the machine patented in America under no is constructed on the principle of a pulsating piston movement, in such a way that the clay is partly is pressed, the pistons then move back a little to allow the air to escape allow and. finally brought back to full effect to the last To exert pressure.

With this mechanical movement, the force is limited by the piston stroke and in The performance of the machine is also in agreement with this, both in terms of its power

delivery as well as their speed, so that it did not seem advisable to pressing more than two bricks at the same time during each piston stroke.

With the present invention one is not only able to use the longer and less force requiring piston movement into a fast one and the short piston movement into a slow one To implement movement with a large increase in force, special it can also do io to 12 bricks or correspondingly large blocks or slabs can be produced at the same time without the use of heavy and clumsy parts in the machine. Furthermore, a need that has long been felt is carried through a machine helped, which forms the bricks on edge respectively. large tablets or Blocks thicker than a brick.

The machine shown in the drawing shows, for example, six bricks, which are standing be shaped. Such a machine would using the previously known Methods for forming dry bricks have been impractical.

According to the present procedure, the abovementioned inconveniences are met. With With the aid of the associated apparatus, the Work carried out faster and more successfully than previously seemed possible. To this Purpose becomes a permanent effect according to the procedure described below Power source, compressed air or steam, used to directly control the mechanical devices to be used to produce the short and long movements which go to the first Shaping and pressing of the clay in the hollow are required. For further processing the brick will transmit the power to hydraulic mechanisms that work between the power source and the power emitting Form parts are switched on, so that the latter has the desired force ratio to produce the pulsating movement and the final pressure. Finally becomes the initial force, d. H. the source of power itself, used again as an indirect one Lifting the shaped brick out of the mold.

In the drawing shows:

Fig. Ι the Aufrifs a suitable machine for carrying out the method;

2 shows a vertical section;

Fig. 3 is a side view;

Fig. 4 shows a cross section along the line y-y, Fig. Ι respectively. xx of Figure 3;

5 shows a detailed view of a three-way tap used in the machine;

FIG. 6 shows a vertical section at right angles to FIG. 2.

The molding boxes B are accommodated in the usual or any suitable manner in the frame or frame A , which is arranged between the top plate C and the base plate C ¹ and both ends of which enclose the short cylinder DD ¹ fastened by means of suitable bolts aa ^l , Fig. 3 . Above the cylinder D and fixed thereto is a hydraulic cylinder e and D under the cylinder ^1, a similar hydraulic cylinder e ^1. Each cylinder E and E ¹ is provided on both ends with annular lugs or elevations, which respectively into the cylinder D D ^1. the cylindrical approaches of the head plates CC ¹ engage. The cylindrical extension of the head plate C is provided with an intermediate base G through which the piston rod b of the piston H passes, the latter moving in the cavity closed by the plate / and bolt c, FIG. 3.

The base plate C ¹ with its upwardly extending cylindrical extension F ¹ forms a hollow cylinder for receiving the piston H ¹ , the piston rod b ^{l of which} passes through the closed base of the cylinder E '. The cylinders D and D ¹ are provided with closing caps JJ ¹ and stuffing boxes KK ¹ and all the cylinders and top plates are connected to one another by bolts d, FIGS. 1 and 3.

The top and bottom plates, the frame A and the cylinders lying in between are held in their position by means of strong pillars or columns L and screw nuts L ¹ and secured against tension. The upper table or head M is provided with a number of punches for penetration into the flasks B and the lower table or head M ¹ is constructed in a similar manner. Each table or head is with a plunger .N respectively. 2V ¹ , which carry the disc pistons O and O ¹ acting in the cylinders D and Z) ^1.

The upper plunger N protrudes through the disc piston O in the water space of the hydraulic cylinder E and the lower plunger 2 V ¹ by the piston ¹ O in the water space of the lower hydraulic cylinder E. ¹ The ends of the plungers entering the water spaces carry resilient sealing rings or bushings, FIG. 2.

The clay passes from the feed hopper P ¹ into the filling box P, which is pushed over the molding boxes by means of the piston Q working in the air cylinder Q ^1. The shaped bricks are pushed by the reciprocating filling box onto the laying table R , from where they are transferred in the usual manner to a conveyor belt or the like.

Two provided with a number of cam disks and in suitable bearings T the

Shafts S and S ¹ supported on top and bottom plates CC ¹ have bevel gears U on their lower ends, which mesh with corresponding bevel gears V on the ends of the horizontal shaft W. The latter rotates in the bearings W of the foot plate C ¹ and carries a pulley X, which is driven by some power source, FIG. 3.

A pipe e connected in a suitable manner to an air pump or the like serves to supply the compressed air, while the used air is discharged ^{through the pipe e 1.} From the pipe e, the pipes ff ¹ branch off after the upper cylinder D, in which they over BEZW. open under the piston O , Fig. 1, to reach ^{the tube e 1} on the other side of the cylinder. At the connection points of the pipes ff ¹ are located on both cylinder sides near the pipes e and e ¹ three-way cocks gg ¹ (of the construction shown in Fig. 5), on the valve rods the levers h and respectively. Z? ¹ sitting, the means of short, in the Curve II Nuthen ¹ mm of the discs} sliding arms or pegs are moved. Corresponding to the tubes ff ¹ , similar tubes η and n ^{l are} provided below, which are connected to the lower cylinder ο ¹ and to the tubes ee ¹ . Three-way cocks g ² g ^{3 are also} attached to the pipes η η ^{1, the} actuating levers / i ² and h ^{3 of which are moved} by the grooves / ² I ^{s of} the cam disks m ² m ³ .

This construction and arrangement allows for the introduction of compressed air alternately above and below the piston and ο o \ of which the upper ο for this partial pressing the clay and the lower o ¹ is used from the mold for lifting the tile.

The two tube groups 0 o ¹ and ρ ρ ¹ connect the air tubes e and e ¹ with the upper and lower cylindrical extensions FF ^{1 of} the plates C C ¹ and are provided with three- way ^{cocks qq 1} and q ² q ^a , the actuating lever 7- r ¹ r ² and r ^{3 are moved} by the cam plates tt ^l i ² and t ^a for the purpose of routing the compressed air alternately above and below the pistons H and H ¹ and thus driving them.

The cam plates u and u ¹ , Fig. 3 and 6, are equipped with grooves ν and v ^l and actuate the levers w and η> ^λ to reverse the three-way cocks χ that are switched on on both sides of the cylinder Q ¹ in the trachea ee ^1, that the filling box P connected to the piston Q can be pushed back and forth over the molding boxes and the table R in a suitable manner.

If the parts of the machine are correctly adjusted and ready to work, water or a suitable other liquid is introduced into the upper hydraulic cylinder E above the plunger N , Fig is equipped with a sealing cap. Just like the upper one, the lower hydraulic cylinder below the plunger piston iV ¹ is also filled with water. The cavity below the intermediate floor G of the upper cylindrical extension F receives the amount of water from the hydraulic cylinder E when the piston N displaces this amount of water as it goes up.

The mode of operation of the machine, which is easiest taking into account the Fig. 2 is understood as follows:

Fig. 1 shows all parts in the position which they assume at the beginning of the work process. The lower plunger is in its resting point to accommodate the material from the upper plunger. The shaft W is rotated and with it the standing waves SS ¹ , the filling box P is pushed over the molding boxes in order to pour out its clay filling received from the funnel P ¹ and then pulled back into its original position under the funnel. This movement is generated by alternately supplying and releasing compressed air in front of and behind the piston in cylinder Q ¹ . As soon as the filling box P has cleared the way, the cam disks come into effect, open the three-way cocks gg ^l and let the compressed air pass through the branch pipe / over the piston ο and act on the plunger N. The table or support M with its punches moves downwards, the latter partially compressing the clay in the form which the action is assisted by the abutment offered by the lower punches. During this movement, the air located under the piston 0 is pressed into the tube e ¹ through the three-way cock g ^l. This movement of the upper plunger is calculated in such a way that the clay is compressed in the mold to such an extent that 13 mm of pressure is missing to achieve the finished brick shape, during which movement the levers h -Λ · ¹ due to the curved shape in the discs mm ¹ remain inactive.

Now three-way cocks q ^l q ^{z are} opened and the air below the upper piston H and above the lower piston H ^{1 is} allowed to exit. After the taps q ^l q ^{3 are} closed, the taps q and q ^{2 are} opened and the piston rods bb ^{1 have} entered the hydraulic cylinders EE ¹ for the purpose of applying hydraulic pressure to the plungers N and N ¹ , the latter cause them to approach at the same time , another pressing of the clay except for a very small distance that is still missing from the end shape of the bricks.

Piston rod b and plunger N now remain at rest, with them the upper punch holder with the punches; the cock q ³ is opened again and the air below the piston H ^{1 is released} , after which the latter with the piston N and the lower punch holder sinks to the rest point. This movement allows the compressed air in the clay body to escape. Immediately afterwards the cock q ² is opened again and the compressed air is directed under the piston H ¹ , whereby the latter is lifted and by means of its rod b ^l exerts a hydraulic pressure on the lower plunger piston N in order to give the bricks the last pressure to complete their shape give.

When the bricks ^: are completely pressed in this way, the valve q ^{1 is} opened to let out the air above the piston H , and valve q is also opened to allow the entry of the air under the said piston. The opened Hahne g and g ¹ allow the access of the compressed air lower the piston ο and the exit of the air located above the same, while the open valves g ^'2 and g ^3, the compressed air supply below the piston o ¹ and the power consumed over Remove the air located there in such a way that the plungers NN ^{1 are raised} to their highest possible position, the plunger JV resumes its normal position and the plunger iV ¹ lifts the shaped bricks out of the molding box and into a plane with the table surface, whereupon the filling box grabs the bricks as it moves forward over the molding box and pushes them onto the table, while the cock g ^{2 was} previously opened to allow the air below the piston o ^{1 to} escape and the plunger N ^l and piston o ¹ to lower.

With regard to the cylindrical attachment F of the top plate C, it should also be noted that the space below the horizontal partition G serves as a receptacle for the liquid expelled from the hydraulic cylinder E.

The construction details can, without deviating from the inventive idea, be changed; so z. B. the construction, arrangement and control, as well as the Number of air inlet and outlet taps experienced changes.

Claims (4)

Patent claims: ■ ■ ι. Method of actuating the prefabricated pistons of brick machines, consisting in: Compressed air or steam as the initial operating force under direct influence to apply to the piston to produce the longer piston travel, during which the bricks are partially pressed experienced and in the subsequent transfer of this operating force adf a hydraulic device to achieve a powerful pressure to complete the shape of the brick under indirect Action on the pref piston. 2. Brick press with two of ¹ opposite sides against the pre-mold working punches for the execution of the under claim ι. specified method, characterized in that the stamps on each side are extended through the disc pistons actuated by compressed air or some other power means and are designed as plungers on the opposite side, which protrude into hydraulic cylinders, the pressure fluid of which is in turn placed under the increased pressure of the compressed air, etc. ^is, by making the pressure of the latter gröfseren of piston cross-section in such a smaller cross-section is transmitted, which act on the pressure fluid, "further provided in which arrangement for supplying the cylinder with compressed air, a common feed, and for discharging the same, a common exhaust pipe . 3. An embodiment of the brick press specified under claim 2, characterized by branch supply and exhaust pipe (FF ¹ J and (DD ¹ J, which connect the cylinder with the pipes (e and e ^l j) and which with three-way cocks (qq ^l gg ^l g- g '· ¹ q ² - q ³ j , which are equipped by levers (rr ¹ h /?' K ¹ 1ι ^Ά r ² r ³ j and by rotating cam disks (tt ^l mm ¹ m " ² nfi and t ² t ^a j are actuated. 4. An embodiment ^ of the brick press specified under claim 2, characterized by a delivery table (RJ, a filling . box (P) in connection with a piston (QJ working in the cylinder (Q ¹ J) and through connecting parts between the cylinder (Q ¹ J and the pipes (e and e ^l ) for actuating the piston (Q). For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings.