DE7431837U - DEVICE FOR THE RECOVERY OF SOLVENTS CONSUMED IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES BY USING VACUUM-MOMENT EVAPORATION - Google Patents

Description

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DIPL.-ING. HORST ROSE 'dVpL.-YnG. PETER KOSEL PATENT LAWYERS D 3353 Bad Ganderehelm 31. A (JQ 1Q77 HohanhohiiB * "

Talafon (05388 2842

Tateeremm-Adraaa ·: 8l »dpat« rt GandarahtlRi

Ioui8 SUSSMEYER 2Ö01 / 1

Louis Sussmeyer

175, avenue de Jette 1090 Brussels / Belgium

Device for the recovery of solvents used in industrial processes by means of vacuum-moment evaporation .

The invention relates to a device for the recovery of solvents used up in industrial processes mean vacuum moment evaporation.

Legal regulations for environmental protection prohibit the discharge of large amounts of polluting, with chemical products enriched solvents into nature. However, since industrial companies do not always have the complex and expensive equipment required to recover the solvents, they are therefore forced to turn to specialist firms. These latter distill the used solvents of the different origins disordered and on a large scale.

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Hiwraus inevitably follows that between the solvents, that come fresh from the manufacturer and the redistilled solvents have considerable differences in of composition which jeopardize the conduct of work where accuracy is essential.

As a result, users have a keen interest in finding a device for recovering used ones themselves To have solvents that are safe, reliable and easy to use, in such a way that that they always have fresh solvents of a defined composition.

The object of the invention is to provide a device for reprocessing to create used solvent, with the composition of the recycled solvent is always clearly reproducible. Furthermore, the device should be operationally safe, reliable and light to be used.

This object is achieved according to the invention daöMarch that the device has the following features:

a) a horizontally arranged cylindrical kettle surrounded by a shell, which has a decanting funnel with a sieve valve, the latter with a throttle valve with a blind hole is provided for draining evaporation sediments exclusively by gravity, with between Shell and boiler a thermal fluid for heating the boiler can be introduced,

b) a horizontally arranged above the boiler, serving for evaporation of the solvent, with a further shell provided frustoconical

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Evaporator, which is connected to the boiler in the area of its lowest point via a straight pipe and on the opposite end is connected via a line in which a circulation pump is used is, which promotes a heat-carrying fluid from the boiler in the evaporator, such that the heat-dissipating Fluid from the boiler to the evaporator via the circulation pump and back via the straight pipe circulates, with the thermal fluid also between the further shell and the evaporator can be introduced to heat the evaporator.

c) through a pipe attachment located on the line with a control valve through which the evaporator -controlled by the control valve- the solvent is supplied,

d) a downward sloping condenser connected to the evaporator at its highest point, whose output is connected to the suction input of a vacuum pump,

e) Pressure equalization lines between boiler and evaporator.

A further embodiment of the invention is that the boiler is sunk with a pipe socket that over a conduit is connected to a container for recovered heat-dissipating liquid, in which Pipeline a control valve controlled by a level regulator attached to the boiler is provided.

The device according to the invention works as follows:

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For automatic and continuous vacuum instantaneous evaporation for the recovery of used solvents is in the boiler, one of which is closed Space forms, with negative pressure, a given volume of a heat-dissipating liquid - such as light Mineral oil - heated by heat exchange by means of a thermal fluid, such as water vapor, these heat-dissipating liquid is left between the boiler and the evaporator, also a closed bar, circulate with the evaporator under the same negative pressure as the boiler. The consumed Solvents are introduced into the evaporator by suction, which automatically forms as a Function of the measured value of the negative pressure in the evaporator and the temperature of the heat-dissipating liquid. The solvents evaporate on the surface of the heat-dissipating liquid. This solvent vapor is condensed in the condenser, and the liquid recovered or reprocessed in this way is sucked off by the vacuum pump and collected in a reservoir, from which it is released by gravity flows out. At the same time, the solvents released by evaporation collect at the bottom of the boiler Solid in the form of a heat-dissipating liquid containing / residues or sediments, which are continuously ur.d without air in the boiler and evaporator to be introduced, to be brought out by gravity, in a rhythm that depends on concentration and the flocculant capacity of the solids. The sediments are allowed to decant and the recovered, heat-dissipating material is sucked in Liquid back into the boiler, this process being triggered automatically as soon as the level of heat

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discharging liquid in the closed space drops below a predetermined value.

The pressure in the boiler or evaporator is approximately up to 90 Torr and the temperature of the heat dissipating Liquid is around 100 to 130 ° C.

It has proven to be useful if the boiler and / or the evaporator have a large, removable access door which is provided with a lighting porthole can be.

It is also particularly advantageous if the boiler and / or evaporator have a shovel device for scraping own the inner walls, or if finally the inner walls of the boiler and / or the evaporator with are coated with an anti-stick agent. These measures largely prevent residues from sticking prevented.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be that the blind hole Jirosseiklappe of the strainer valve, which is rotatable on its axis, is connected to the movable part of a pneumatic device, which is controlled by a cam or driver, a relay set and an electrical timer, and is connected by this movable part can be rotated automatically, in such a way that the opening of the blind hole either points towards the filling after the decanting funnel or a few moments later towards the outside for emptying the solids,

The movement of the throttle valve is blocked by the cam in each pass through the dead center or filling point and again by an electrical timer

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initiated whose frequency of action as a function of Concentration of the solids and their flocculation capacity regulated * ard.

According to another embodiment of the invention, it is useful if the container for the recovered heat-dissipating liquid is designed as a rotatable transport container mounted on wheels, which is guided in its center by an axis penetrating the ground and is provided with metal containers which can be filled with sacks made of jute or a similar porous material to collect residues, wherein the heat-dissipating liquid collected by filtration in the container is drawn into the Boiler is traceable.

The shoveling device with which the evaporator and / or the boiler are equipped can be shoveling or inside Wear scratches that are mounted cross-shaped aai springs, which in turn are mounted on a horizontal shaft that is sealed between a pivot bearing and a Guide bearing is rotatable. Furthermore, the two shafts can each have the latter bearing of the same Penetrate side of the device, their ends each engaging in a ratchet mechanism, the is mounted on an arm. Finally, the two arms can be attached to the "two ends of a common piston rod be attached to a double-acting pneumatic device which is able to rotate the two shafts in such a way that the blades or scratches on the walls coated with an anti-adhesive cause a slight scratch, that keeps them in a clean condition

The circulation pump, which supplies the warm, '. -7-

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Able to introduce heat-dissipating liquid into the evaporator, "is preferably a centrifugal pump with an open Wheel sealed by a mechanical seal and directly coupled to an encapsulated electric motor is the one to avoid overheating with a: cooling disk is provided.

The vacuum pump, which is used to maintain a reduced pressure, and the condensate is removed to push back, can be designed as a liquid ring pump, which is through a mechanical seal is sealed and mounted on a plate together with an enclosed motor.

The liquid ring of the pump is self-feeding by condensate formed and maintained with a fraction of the condensate pushed back outwards, whereby this fraction, which is taken from a first, primary exchanger called cooling device and in a second, Secondary exchanger called cooling device is cooled, sucked by the pump through the coil of the latter will.

The condenser is cooled by water circulation Tube bundle or annular chamber type whose front, is connected to an outlet of the evaporator, which is closed at the top by a rupture disk, and the rear part of which forms a receiving chamber for condensate, which is connected to the inlet via a pipeline connected to the vacuum pump, "? whether part of the circulation water comes from the primary exchanger and the The rest is fed automatically at the water inlet through a thermostatic valve, whose probe is at the water outlet lies.

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Based on an embodiment of the invention, which is shown in the "accompanying drawing, the Invention explained in more detail and "described.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a partial side view of a device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 and 3 partial views of the device according to Fig. from the front and from the back,

4 shows a schematic partial representation of a continuous device for decanting any traces of water contained in the distillate and for collecting the anhydrous distillate,

Fig. 5 is a schematic partial view of a

continuous device for solids delivery and for circulation of the heat dissipating Liquid, and

6 shows a schematic partial view of a scraping device for the inner walls of the enclosed Rooms «

The device according to the invention has a cylindrical vessel 11 (FIGS. 1 and 5) which is positioned horizontally on feet 12 is mounted, which rest on the floor, and the lower part of which carries a decanting cylinder 13, which is provided with a strainer valve 14. A frustoconical one Evaporator 15 is mounted horizontally above the boiler by means of a straight flange pipe 16, which the lowest point of the evaporator in the vertical direction

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connects to the upper part of the boiler 11. A condenser 17 _f, preferably of the tube bundle or ring chamber type, is fastened with flanges 18 with its inlet approximately at the highest point of the evaporator in such a way that the outlet of the condenser is lower than its inlet.

The kettle, the funnel and the evaporator are each provided with a cylindrical shell 11 'or egg frustoconical shell 13 * and 15 * provided, through which one can flow a thermal fluid 19 (Fig. 2), preferably water vapor from a Control valve 20 is supplied controlled via a suitable pipe system 21. The water vapor permitted es, a heat-removing liquid 10 introduced into the kettle to a value between 100 and to heat up to 130 ° C. Light mineral oil, for example, can be used as the heat-dissipating liquid wedge 10.

The end walls of the boiler and the evaporator and, as far as possible, the entire pipe system, which the connecting different parts of the device with each other are to facilitate disassembly and the Entertainment mounted by means of flanges. The spherical front walls 22 and 23 (Fig. 1 to 3) of the boiler and of the vaporizer each form a large access door, and that of the vaporizer has two hole holes and a lighting porthole 25. The back walls 26 and the kettle and evaporator are in their top Partly united by two equalizing pipes 2ö (Fig. 3), which are intended to have the same pressure maintain in these enclosed spaces; to facilitate the drawing of Fig. 1 is only one shown (broken).

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At a pipe socket 29 »which is at the bottom of the rear wall 26 of the boiler is located, one has attached the suction inlet of a centrifugal pump 30 with an open wheel, which is directly coupled to an encapsulated electric motor 31. The damming output of this pump is with the lower part of the rear wall 27 of the evaporator connected via a pipe 32; part of the heat dissipating Liquid can be transferred from the boiler to the evaporator in such a way that a circulation flow is underneath Activation of the straight flange pipe or line piece 16 can build, which connects the two enclosed spaces.

The one equipped in its upper part with a rupture disc 33 and with pipes 34 and 35 for the entrance and the condenser 17 provided with the outlet of cooling water has a receiving chamber 36 at its lower part for distillate, which through a pipe 37 to the suction opening 38 (Fig. 4) of a liquid ring vacuum pump 39 is included, which together with an encapsulated electric motor 41 on a common Plate 40 is attached. This vacuum pump can create a negative pressure of about 60 to 90 Torr in the device establish and maintain.

On the pipeline 32 (Fig. 1 to 3) »the transport the heated, heat-dissipating liquid is used a pipe connection 42 attached to which a soft, flexible hose 43 is connected, which in a Reservoir 44 filled with used solvent is immersed. The hose 43 is close to the pipe connection 42 with a control valve & 5 providing the proportion regulate the used solvent drawn into the evaporator; this regulation takes place as a function of the temperature of the heat-dissipating liquid

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speed and the negative pressure in the device.

One understands the principle according to which the invention The device works, "in which the enclosed spaces 11, 13, 15 and 17 are activated by the vacuum pump 39 are under negative pressure, the heat-dissipating liquid 10 is heated by steam 19 and the centrifugal pump 30 allows the liquid to circulate between the kettle and the evaporator, with the used Solvent sucked in and introduced into the heat-dissipating liquid and evaporated instantly will. The solvent vapor reaches the condenser Via the straight line 18, it is cooled and condensed on contact with the water-cooled pipes. It a distillate stream is created in the distillate chamber 36, through the pipe 37 to the intake 3ö the Vacuum pump 39 flows.

The distillate 46 or 47 (Fig. 4) is lighter or heavier than water; it consists of a single Solvent or a mixture of solvents and may contain traces of water 48. It is through the Output 49 of the pump 39 against a water separator 50 by means of decanting. Pressed by gravity. This indispensable organ can work with all liquids that are immiscible with water and which have a density different from that of water; it consists of a cylinder 51 »which at its two ends 52, closed and slightly inclined to the horizontal is.

The distillate becomes a node through a line 54 directed, the vertical branch of which removes the air to the upper part of a cooling apparatus called primary exchanger 57-

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leads; any pent-up air can through an outlet 5ü escape. The horizontal branch 59 of the node pushes the distillate to an inlet 60 at the top of the lower end 52 of cylinder 51 "

If the traces of water 48 are heavier than the solvent, they tend to sink and accumulate at the lower point 61 of the end 52, from where they mean Gravity can be carried away to a recipient 62. The water is drained through a valve 63 and that Solvent is fed to the upper point 65 of the upper end 53 of the cylinder 51 via a conduit 64.

If the traces of water are lighter than the solvent, do they tend to ?! to ascend to the upper point 65 and to flow to a recipient 66. The water flows to the outside by overflowing the valve 67 of the recipient 66 and the more sonorous solvent enters the cylinder 51 through the pipe 68.

For safety and to avoid the formation of an air bubble in the upper part of the cylinder 51 a branch 69 has been provided at the upper part of the connecting pipe 64, which allows the air to escape to the upper part of a primary exchanger 57 is permitted. The distillate 46 'or 47', whichever is lighter or heavier when the water is freed from the traces of water, leaves the cylinder 51 through a pipe 70, penetrates tangentially in the upper part 71 of the primary exchanger 57 and cools down on a coil 72 as it descends to the outlet 73 of the latter. The outlet 73 is on the one hand communicated with an overflow 74 from where the solvent enters an opposite atmospheric pressure open container 75 flows, and on the other hand to avoid any leverage with the outlet 5d,

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The coil 72 of the primary exchanger is supplied with feed water via a line 76, which initially cools the coil 77 of a second cooling device called secondary exchanger 7ü. The coil 77 is connected to the base of the primary exchanger and to an input 3d ^{1 of} the vacuum pump 39 in such a way that part of the anhydrous solvent or solvent mixture 46 'or 47' »that has been removed from the primary exchanger is strongly cooled and the liquid ring of the pump can feed with a maximum reduction in the vapor tension of the solvent, which improves the efficiency of the pump.

On the other hand, the secondary exchanger 78 is advantageously used to reduce the total amount of feed water a minimum necessary to carry out all cooling operations of the method and via line 76 is fed. For this purpose one leads to entrance 34 the condenser water from the outlet of the coil of the primary exchanger to; the proportion of the used to cool the tubes The cooling water necessary for the condenser is automatically supplied to the input 34 via a not shown in the drawing Thermostatic valve supplied, the FUhlkopf is located in the outlet 35.

From the preceding description it follows that the method with the device according to the invention can only be carried out continuously if the control or regulating valve 45 at the inlet of the heat-dissipating liquid of the evaporator effectively controls the permitted proportion of the used solvent as a function of the changes a) in the temperature of the heat-dissipating agent Liquid (approx. 100 to 130 °), b) the remaining pressure that prevails in the device (approx. 60 to 90 Torr), the changes in the rest of the below

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other in the changes in the composition of the used solvent, furthermore c) a decrease in the temperature that occurs when the Used solvent settles on the surface of the heat dissipator liquid in the presence of ambient temperature spreads, and finally d) a lowering of the temperature, which represents the heat of evaporation of the solvents, etc. regulates. It goes without saying that evaporation removes the substances originally bound to the solvent releases, and that this substance is distributed in the heat-dissipating liquid: when its If the concentration increased constantly, the system would not work as described above, the control valve 45 would stop working and the solvent supply would be cut off.

Means have therefore been provided for these substances, essentially solids, to be removed automatically and continuously »

To report that these residues have an insulating Form on the inner wall of the boiler and the evaporator, these have been provided with an anti-adhesive agent, preferably made of Teflon, which forms the linings 11A and 15A (FIGS. 5 and 6), so that the residues do not stick, but simply settle by itching. A system of shovels or Scratchers 79 is mounted on springs 80 which are fastened crosswise on a horizontal shaft 81. One end 82 of each shaft can rotate in an inner rotary bearing 83 mounted on the inside of the large door 22, 23 of the boiler and the evaporator is attached, and the Shaft which penetrates the opposite walls 26, 27 can continue to be in a guide bearing ö4

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turn, which with a mechanical seal 85 is provided to ensure the tightness of the device. The square end 86 in cross-section Shaft protruding from wall 27 of the evaporator meshes with a gear 87 a ratchet mechanism 88 which is mounted on a disc 89 branch (Fig. 6); this in turn is positively connected to a lever arm 90, which with its end 91 on the upper part 92 of the common Piston rod 92, 92 'of a double-acting pneumatic piston cylinder 95 is attached, while the lower part 92 'of the common piston rod to the End 91 'of the lever arm 19' is attached, which positively seated on a disc 89 'on which a ratchet mechanism identical to that previously described is mounted; the reciprocation of the piston and the ratchet mechanisms can drive the two shafts 81 in this way turn that the blades onto the ones with the anti-adhesive walls provided with a slight scratch, which is what has deposited on the walls of the evaporator and boiler Dissolves residues.

The residues fall into the decanting funnel 13 (Pig. 1,2,5) in a rhythm which depends on their concentration and on their capacity to flood. The funnel carries at its bottom a strainer valve 14, the throttle valve 94 of large diameter has a blind hole 94 ¹ with a capacity of approximately one liter, in such a way that the passage through the valve is blocked on one side.

The axis 95 of the throttle valve is connected by means of a connecting rod 96 to a pneumatic piston cylinder device, which is driven by a driver _s a relay set and

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an electric timer is controlled, which are not shown. These elements become such "actuated that the throttle valve rotate around its axis and the opening of the blind hole either the Decanting funnel for pulling or a few moments can later turn to the environment for emptying. The movement of the throttle valve is controlled by the driver blocked every passage through the dead center or filling point and restarted by the electric timer, its actuation frequency after a few attempts as a function of the concentration of the residues and theirs Flocculation is regulated.

As one can imagine, the invention allows Device that removes the residues without affecting the amount of negative pressure that is in the enclosed spaces prevails. Nevertheless, these residues are naturally in varying amounts with heat-dissipating Liquid mixed, and it is necessary to return this latter to the boiler in order to make the Maintain the evaporator's distillation rate.

For this purpose, the residues 9ö (Fig. 1, 2 5) fall into jute sacks 99, which fill a plurality of metal containers 100, which are preferably perforated and inserted into a fitting 101 which is attached to a cylindrical transport container 102 mounted on wheels 103 and guided in its center by an axle 104 which is pressed into the ground. When turning this wheel or carousel arrangement manually, each of the jute sacks can be brought one after the other in front of the outlet of the sieve tap; the heat-dissipating fluid flows from the sack into the container and the sack can be thrown away when it is full.

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Furthermore, the boiler carries on its side wall an "automatic level regulator 105 (FIGS. 2 and 5), which is connected to a regulating or control valve 106 which sits in a line 107, the upper end 10ö of which is connected to the boiler and the lower end The end dips into the transport container 102; advantageously the lower part of the conduit 107 is a flexible hose. It is clear that the valve 106 remains closed as long as the level of the heat-dissipating liquid remains at a predetermined value, but that it opens increasingly below this value and that it sucks the heat-dissipating liquid decanted in the transport container towards the boiler.

It follows that the method that can be carried out with the device according to the invention does not only allow to bring out the solids released by the evaporation, but also the heat dissipating ones Recover the fluid that accompanies these solids in an automatic and continuous manner Shape without breaking the vacuum.

For the rest, it goes without saying that installations handling flammable solvents must be protected against the risk of explosion and ignition. These risks are reduced to a minimum here by the fact that electricity is only used for lighting and for feeding the explosion-proof encapsulated motors of the two pumps. The adjustment of all other moving parts is ensured in a simple and adaptable way by means of compressed air. Without going into the details it can be stated that the device also has mushroom-shaped push buttons, which in a

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first control panel are installed, as well as the following other accessories and pneumatic devices:

A display thermometer for recording the temperature of the heat-dissipating liquid,

a display thermometer to record the starting temperature the water of the tube condenser,

Control manometer for the cooling water, which is compressed Air, the water vapor and the level of vacuum that prevails in the distillation room.

three pneumatic regulators, two of which regulate the temperature of the heat-dissipating liquid and the Access e used solvent and the third to Controlled the former two depending on the Vacuum and

seven arrangements of pressure reducing regulating valves with pressure gauges for the circuits

a) the pneumatic device 97 of the filter valve 14,

b) the pneumatic device 93 of the scraper system 79,

c) the valve 20 for the steam admission,

d) the valve 45 for the solvent inflow,

e) the valve 106 for the inflow of heat-dissipating Fluid, and

f) the vacuum control,

The temperature controller that controls the heating circuit is completely independent. In contrast, the second, Identical temperature regulator together with the vacuum regulator in such a way that the used solvent is not permitted unless the vacuum and temperature conditions together have reached their respective values.

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In a place adjacent to the one where the device is located a second console is arranged, free of the risk of solvent vapor, which is the following Elements carries:

one set of fuses per circuit, one motor-operated contact arrangement, a protective circuit with three solenoid valves, the heating steam, the input of the used solvent block when a motor stops as well as the delay of the filter valve,

an arrangement vox two timers, one of which regulates the frequency of evacuation of the still residues and the other regulates the predetermined time for evacuating the dissolved residues. This latter timer, when it is arranged with automatic function to stop the operations of the device completely, but in this case it is expedient to provide the evaporator with a detector for the foam height _t of, for example, a photoelectric cell has, holding the heating and admitting an inert gas into the evaporator which is suitable and capable of lowering the foam.

On the other hand, it must be said that there is a need to evacuate the device at the start of operations of the process is necessary to start the vacuum pump 33 by passing fresh through the inlet 110 Introduces solvent, including a valve and a funnel mounted on the primary exchanger 57 are.

The invention is of course not limited to the one described and is limited by the application

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Do not leave equivalent measures. In summary one can describe the proposal according to the invention so "that one under vacuum between a boiler and an evaporator circulates a heat-dissipating liquid which is heated by water vapor, for distilling used solvents that one of these latter depending on the temperature of the heat-dissipating Liquid and the negative pressure in the system is sucked into the evaporator, and that one is separated the distilled solvents and the solid residues that were originally dissolved, being preserved overall the negative pressure is maintained and the heat-dissipating liquid is recovered, which is with the solid residues mixed y; ar.

Claims (1)

DIPlL-ING. HORST BOSE Dl'PL.'l'lNG. ' PETER KOSEL PATENT LAWYERS D 3353 Bad Ganderehelm 31 edition. HohenhMenS Telephone "5380 28" Telegram address »8l« fp «Unt G« nder§h «1n» 2801/1 G 74 31 837.9
Louis SUSSMEYER Expectations 1. Device for the recovery of solvents used in industrial processes by means of vacuum moment evaporation,
marked by a) a horizontally arranged cylindrical vessel (11) surrounded by a shell (11), which has a decanting funnel (13) with a strainer valve (14), the latter with a throttle valve (94) with a blind hole (94 ¹ ) for draining of evaporation bottoms is provided exclusively by gravity, with a thermal between shell (11 ·) and boiler (11) Bink account! Briune * w »1gl.di · Sl. ^ Rtbink, RIIjI. B.d Gindwihalm. Account no. 22,118,970 · PoiUd.Kkkontoi Hannover «871» 7431837 12/08/77 -2- Fluid (19) can be introduced for heating the boiler, b) a truncated cone-shaped evaporator (15), which is arranged horizontally above the boiler (11) and serves to evaporate the solvent, is provided with a further casing (15 *) and which is connected to the boiler (11) in the region of its lowest point via a straight pipe ( 16) and is connected at the opposite end via a line (37) into which a circulation pump (30) is inserted, which pumps a heat-carrying fluid from the boiler into the evaporator, in such a way that the heat-dissipating fluid from the boiler to the evaporator via the circulation pump and circulates back via the straight pipe (16), the thermal fluid for heating the evaporator can also be introduced ^{between the further ^ 5 IIe and the evaporator,} c) through a pipe socket (42) located on the line (37) with a control valve (45), through which the evaporator - controlled by the control valve - is supplied with the solvent will, 7431837 12/08/77 -3- d) a downwardly inclined condenser (I7) _t connected to the evaporator at its highest point, the output of which is connected to the suction input of a vacuum pump, e) Pressure equalization lines (2d) between boiler and evaporator. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler (11) is provided with a pipe socket, which is connected via a pipe (107) to a container (44) for recovered heat-dissipating liquid (10) is, wherein in the pipeline (107) is controlled by a level controller (105) attached to the boiler Control valve (106) is provided. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the boiler (11) and / or the evaporator (15) is each provided with a large, removable access door (22,23). 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the boiler (11) and / or the evaporator (15) has a shovel device (79) for scraping of the inner walls. 5. Apparatus naoh claim 3, characterized in that from the access doors (22,23) des Kess, els (11) and des Evaporator (15) at least one, in particular that of the evaporator, with a lighting porthole (25) is provided -4- 7431837 12/08/77 -4- 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the inner walls of the boiler (11) and / or of the evaporator (15) with are coated with an adhesive. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the on its axis (95) rotatable blind hole throttle valve (94,94 ') of the strainer valve (14) with the movable part of a pneumatic device (97), which is of a cam or Driver, a relay set and an electrical timer is controlled, is connected and is automatically rotated by this movable part, such that the opening of the blind hole (94 ¹ ) either for filling after the decanting funnel (13) or a few moments later for emptying the Solids facing outwards. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container for the recovered: warmest * leading liquid (10) is designed as a rotatable transport container (102) mounted on wheels (103), which is in its center by a Soil penetrating -5- 7431837 12/08/77 -5- Axis (104) guided and with metal containers (1OO) is provided with sacks (99) made of jute or a similar porous maize ial to hold Residues ^, 98) can be filled, the collected by filtration in the container (102) heat-dissipating liquid (10) can be returned to the boiler (11) by suction. 9. Device according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the shovel device (79 ff «) with which the evaporator (15) and / or the boiler (11) are equipped, inside blades or scrapers (79) carries the are mounted cross-shaped on springs (öO), which in turn are attached to a horizontal shaft (81), d'- is rotatable between a pivot bearing (83) and a sealed guide bearing (ö4) that the two shafts (oil) the latter bearing (84) penetrate each from the same side of the device, with their ends (86) each engaging in a ratchet mechanism (tiö ^{) mounted on an arm (90, 90 1} ), and that the two arms (90, 90 ') are attached to the two ends (92, 92 ¹ ) of a common piston rod of a double-acting pneumatic device (93), which rotate the two shafts (81) -6- 7431837 12/08/77 -6- able that the blades or scratches (79) on the walls coated with an anti-adhesive agent cause light scratching that keeps them in a clean condition. .Device according to one of the preceding claims, daduich characterized in that the circulation pump (30) is a centrifugal pump (30) with an open wheel running through a mechanical seal is sealed and directly coupled to an encapsulated electric motor (31), which is provided with a cooling disk to avoid overheating. .Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the vacuum pump (39) is a liquid ring pump which is driven by a mechanical Gasket is sealed and mounted on a plate (40) together with an enclosed motor (41) is. 12.Vorrichtung according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the outlet of the vacuum pump (39) is connected to a water separator (50), at its outlet a primary exchanger (57) for cooling the condensate of the condenser (17) is closed. _7_ 7431837 12/08/77 ft 4 t · ♦ * · *>! ■ · t · -7- 13. "Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condenser (17) is a tube bundle or The ring chamber type is whose front part is closed at the top by a bursting disc (33) is connected to an outlet of the evaporator (15), and the rear part of which is a receiving chamber (36) forms for condensate, which via a pipe (37) to the inlet of the vacuum pump (39) connected is. 7431837 ob.12.77