DE740639C - Process for the production of humus fertilizers - Google Patents

Description

Process for the production of humus fertilizers It is already known organic humus fertilizers to be obtained by using fossil or recent Plant substances, preferably white in the dry state, with simultaneous or separate Oxidation treated with Ammonick, whereby the binding of the ammonia to the starting materials in particular. Rotating drums is carried out.

It has also been suggested to use 1 humus substance: e, such as types of peat, Coal humus, lignite, bituminous coal or the like, with carbonic acid and ammonia or carbonic acid and ammonia-containing gases and in this way nitrogen-rich humus fertilizers to win.

It is also known to produce humus fertilizers in that humic acid-containing starting materials and the like are in a water-poor state with a water content of i 5% and. less with gaseous ammonia in: shaft-shaped devices treated, which are filled with the coal and in which you get the ammonia from below leads up through the resting bulk mass. It also eats a process for Production of nitrogenous humus fertilizers described in the foiss.ile or recent plant substances at temperatures of 50 to 10 °, preferably in dry conditions Conditions treated with oxidizing gases in the presence of ammonia.

The various degrees of moisture are then already indicated which peat is best with ammonia salts for the production of fertilizers is mixed.

Finally, suggestions have been made to use grained peat and the like Fertilizers: or concentrated fertilizer solutions on the move, in particular to be treated with circulation in screw conveyors and the like.

The treatment of lubricating charcoal with moisture contents from 3o to q.00 / 0 with ammonia-containing gases to bind the ammonia has also been tried However, this resulted in moist and greasy reaction masses that are not as grindable, nitrogenous humus fertilizers are addressed can. With this procedure one has: the formation of greasy products accepted, as this condition was irrelevant for the intended purpose and the ammonia was driven off afterwards by boiling with lime.

According to the process of the present invention, humic acid-containing fossil or recent substances, e.g. B. lignite, carbon humus, peat: or similar starting materials, in comminuted state, without drying to a water content of 1 5% and less preceded with gaseous ammonia in Ve @ rtikalturbinentro: treated cknern, immediately: a consistent, well spreadable Fertilizers: is obtained. The advantage over known processes is that one is not required to reduce the water content of the raw material in such a way that no greasy reaction masses arise from the action of the ammonia, which causes particularly high drying costs. In addition, there is the advantage of continuous operation, which can be largely regulated both depending on the speed of passage of the material to be treated and depending on the quantity and pressure of the ammonia gas to be introduced. The operation of the known vertical turin; Entrockners as an ammonization device according to the invention is as follows: In the well insulated, gas-tight, fixed housing a (see drawing) is the rotatable ring frame b, which: carries the stacked plates c and the drive d is set in rotation with about z to 2 revolutions per minute via pinion and ring gear e. The gaseous ammonia flows in through the side opening / into the housing and, if not yet used up, out at g. Inside the slowly rotating ring structure there are two turbine blades arranged vertically on top of each other on a common shaft. and the cone drive h revolve at about 60 to 100 revolutions per minute. They have the purpose of guiding the ammonia gas in a zigzag over the individual plates so that the numerous plates and thus the entire feed material are continuously coated. The ammonia gas that has come in from the side below is first fed to the center by the lower turbine in the area of the lower plate and then pressed outwards in the area of some of the plates above. Then the gas is sucked in by the next turbine, fed back in and then pressed out again. The substances to be ammoniated are placed on the top plate at the inlet nz and removed at the outlet zz. There is a leveler o and a scraper p on each plate floor. The abandoned raw material initially forms a heap on the plate, which is spread out as the ring frame is turned by the smoothing knife or other. Shortly before the ring framework has completed one turn, the material spread out by the smoothing knife is scraped off by the scraper p, falls through a slot onto the plate below, where the process is repeated. The speed of rotation of the ring structure and the distance between the smoothing machine and the plate and the pressure of the ammonia introduced together determine the throughput of the ammoniation device.

The method of the present invention contrasts with the known Procedure. according to which the ammoniation occurs in vertical, shaft-shaped arrangements of any kind takes place: represents a significant technical advance known processes are the hum.ic acid: e-containing substances in the adsorption containers in a resting state, and the ammonia is directed into this from below to above, to be taken up there by them. Heat of reaction occurs as a result, whereby the coal humus layer: part of its moisture to the higher coal layers releases, which now gradually become more and more moist and finally greasy and so is the advance of ammonia. in the upper layers considerably, make it more difficult, if do not make impossible.

In contrast, according to the method of the present invention the humic acid-containing substances in the adsorption container in constant motion, so that moisture, to a certain extent, only plays a subordinate role plays. The ammonia is fed into the adsorber from the side. The heat of reaction does not appear disadvantageous here. On the contrary, it works to the end the ammonia absorption capacity of the humus heaps a drying of the same, which is desirable which, however, cannot be compared with artificial drying in which heat would have to be supplied from the outside. The ammonium humate obtained ceases is a good spreadable commercial fertilizer that is largely water-soluble.

Examples. i. In a twelve plate according to the accompanying drawing Containing turbine dryer: clmer with a total of 4.o sqm plate area is per hour i t lignite with a content of 90% free humin and 45% water content, which disintegrate to less than 4 mm