DE712215C - Device for distillation or for treating liquids with gases, and vice versa - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED ON
NOVEMBER 17, 1941

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

ΛΙ712215 CLASS 12 a GROUP δ

• S " 130353 lVa \ i2 a

Eduardo Michele Salerni in Rome

has been named as the inventor.

Eduardo Michele Salerni in Rome

Patented in the German Reich on January 13, 1938 Patent granted September 18, 1941

. The economics of fractional evaporation of liquids or condensation is known to depend on liquids, gases and vapors while avoiding unfavorable changes in the individual components the degree of effectiveness of the heating and cooling or evaporation surfaces. So z. B. requires the economic Distillation of hydrocarbons especially that as far as possible overheating the various fractions are prevented so that no decomposition (cracking) of the various components occurs and any deposit of solid substances, coal, dust and the like that prevents heat conduction, be avoided on the heating surfaces.

In the endeavor to meet these requirements, one already has devices proposed that from several contiguous, possibly on different Temperatures heatable chambers exist, in which some in the liquid submerged and thereby circumferential contact and evaporation surfaces are arranged are. However, these known devices still allow a great deal in some respects to be desired. The inappropriately out-. designed, in isolated cases in the form of a helical channel presenting contact or evaporation surfaces an exchange area that is still too small to be sufficiently effective, and

which in their orbital motion the liquid obtained in the treatment of a move to the other end of the chambers so that they run the risk of deitii drip off wetted surfaces. The foIg ^ of this is that there is no security against the occurrence of deposits. Accordingly carry the circumferential contact surfaces (helical channel) ίο scratches that brush over the chamber walls and have to be taken into account because of their indispensability.

The invention relates to a device for distilling or treating liquids with gases, and vice versa, which also consists of several abutting heatable chambers in which partially immersed in the liquid and thereby revolving contact and evaporation ao surfaces are arranged. According to the invention, however, this, apparatus set up so that they have a rapid, continuous distillation of the liquid mixture at high, above the decomposition temperature "5 temperatures lying its components possible without that these components are able to change unfavorably and without having to solid deposits give cause in the distillation chambers. For this purpose, shafts with sets of circular, thin disks that can rotate in the longitudinal direction of the liquid flow or crosswise to the same are provided in the individual chambers, with the bottom, and possibly also the ceiling of the chambers, preferably designed in a limb-shaped manner and at a short distance from the outer circumference of the disks.

The invention also extends to various ones described in more detail below Details.

In the drawing, the device according to the invention is in two exemplary embodiments shown, namely shows

Fig. Ι in longitudinal section a device that is particularly useful for distillation of liquids or for cleaning gases or vapors.

Figure 2 is a cross-section on line 3-3 of Figure i.

Fig. 3 is a side view, partly in longitudinal section, of an apparatus used for Execution of distillation processes is suitable.

Fig. 4 is a corresponding section through the left part along line 5-5 of Fig. 3 and through the right part after the line 6-6 of Fig. 3.

According to the example in the AbI). 1 and Fig. 2 illustrates the housing, which in its lower half is a liquid 2, e.g. B. Oil, with a number lying in the transverse direction parallel, horizontal Waves S equipped, which are all in a horizontal plane and on which '^ a number of thin discs 6 attached "jet, the lower parts of which are immersed in the liquid 2 •. The housing consists of a Number of communicating, transverse cylindrical chambers 1, the each rest relatively closely on a set of disks 6. Each shaft 5 carries in the Middle a spur gear 9 (see Fig. 2) and is mounted at their ends in plates 10, the lengthways each side wall of the housing extend. The gears 9 are always with the preceding and following gears in mesh; the gear on the shaft in the left end is in engagement with a pinion 11, which sits on a shaft 12, the somehow driven to the disk setso to turn.

At each end, the interior of the housing is in connection with an end chamber 13, from which a pipe 14 leads upwards, and also a U-tube 15, which sits in the lower opening of the chamber and forms a liquid seal, when it is filled with part of the liquid 2, as indicated in Fig. 1.

In this embodiment, the gaseous substance is in operation through the pipeline 14 is inserted at the right end of Fig. 1 and passes through tube 14 at the opposite End again. The liquid 2 runs through the U-tube 15 on the left Ends and runs through the U "tube 15 at the other end, so that gas and liquid pass through the housing 1 in countercurrent.

The shafts 5 are driven so that the discs 6 slowly rotate in the liquid 2 on the bottom. As a result, they are permanently covered by a film of liquid on the surfaces that are constantly exposed to the gas flow. This runs in the longitudinal direction of the housing from the inlet to the outlet, during its passage it is broken down into a large number of parallel, vertically longer, narrow streams, each of which passes between the liquid-wetted surfaces of two adjacent disks 6. In this way, the gas is brought into intimate contact with the liquid over a relatively large area. ¹¹ p

The device illustrated in the example can be used both for cleaning gases in liquid form as well as for distilling liquids. In the latter Case, the housing can be heated z. B. by combustion products that are generated in a combustion chamber 16

Claims (3)

den (indicated by dash-dotted lines in Figs. ι and 2), or by means of heating coils, which are not shown and which would be in the liquid 2. The gaseous substance would then be a heated gas or superheated steam. Figs. 3 and 4 show a modified form of a device that would be suitable, for example, for distilling liquids. In this embodiment, the housing is built up from a number of matching equal sections or chambers 4; In the drawing, three are shown, which are provided with a bottom running in waves so that parallel, trough-like lower parts 17 are formed, above which a dome-like arched upper part is located, with an outlet 18 arranged in the middle at its highest point is provided. The zo ends of Figures 4 are open and carry flanges so that they can be fastened to one another, with the trough-like bottoms 17 lying along the thus assembled housing. The open ends of the compartments 4 are closed by end plates 19, one of which carries gas-tight bearings 20 for the corresponding ends of longitudinal shafts 21, while the other is provided with suitable stuffing boxes 22 through which the opposite shaft ends? walk. On the outside of these shaft ends sit the drive devices, e.g. gear wheels 23 which are in engagement with one another and one of which is expediently driven by a power source. Each shaft 21 extends in the longitudinal direction through one of the trough-like compartments 17, namely the entire length of the housing, and is occupied by a plurality of thin disks 24, the lower parts of which brush the circumference closely along the inner surface of the associated trough. The diameter of the disks and their speed of rotation are to be selected, taking into account the nature of the liquid being treated, so that the liquid does not splash against the chamber walls. If you put z. If, for example, the disks are based on a speed of about 20 to 30 revolutions per minute, the condition just mentioned can be met if the diameter of the disks is dimensioned so that the disk peripheral speed does not exceed rm per second A number of parallel, evenly rotating discs with a relatively high circumferential speed ensure constant renewal of the contact of the liquid with the heating surfaces and prevent incrustations, which results in an increase in the effectiveness of the heating surfaces, as a result: irf a perfect transfer of the ■ heat to the entire liquid mass and . in the elimination of scratches. The steady and smooth rotation of the discs prevents the formation of emulsions, as is often observed in the dehydration of hydrocarbons. If necessary, the disks of one set of disks can be offset a little with respect to the disks of another set of disks. Because the chamber walls adjoin the periphery of the panes closely, in the case of treatment of gaseous substances these are forced to pass through between the panes. The low number of revolutions of the discs (about 20 revolutions per minute) ensures that the liquid in the lower part of the chambers is not splashed, but rather is only brought into intimate contact with the gases or vapors in the form of thin films adhering to the disc surfaces. P A T E N T Λ N S I "U Ü C Il E: 1. Device for. Distillation or for the treatment of liquids in general with gases, or vice versa, which can be heated from several adjoining gases, optionally to different temperatures There are chambers in which circumferential contact and evaporation surfaces are partially immersed in the liquid are arranged, characterized in that in the individual chambers in the longitudinal direction of the liquid flow or crosswise to the same rotatable shafts with sets of circular disks are provided, wherein the bottom of the chambers and optionally the entire chamber is preferably circular and slightly Distance from the outer circumference of the discs. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, the na preferably for the continuous distillation of liquids, e.g. B. hydrocarbons, is determined, characterized in that between the individual chambers in the liquid to approximately close Partition walls immersed in the chamber floor are attached, the individual chambers each having a known per se Means for fractional removal of the distillate are provided. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, preferably for the treatment of. Gases and liquids is intended, characterized in that to both Sides of the housing system each have an end chamber, one of which is provided with lines for supplying the other is connected to lines for the removal of the gas, while to the supply and discharge of the liquid to the Chamber bottom each a U-shaped tube or other known means is connected, which one Liquid seal forms. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings