DE701870C - Auto switch - Google Patents

Description

Circuit Breakers The invention relates primarily to small circuit breakers the socket type, d. H. on socket auto switches of the kind they mainly do can be used to protect circuits in house installations. Such Switches are generally constructed so that the contacts on a base plate together with the switch lock and the actuating device with push-button or toggle drive are arranged. To absorb the arcing between the contacts an arc chamber is provided. With such socket self-switches there is in particular the task of maintaining small external dimensions with a high breaking capacity. At the same time, it is also important to make the switch suitable for mass production and to make them usable in one and the same design for as many purposes as possible.

Often a relatively large space requirement is precisely due to the arc extinguishing and -protective devices that are required to cope with the breaking capacity and who have to be strong enough to do this. It is Z. B. became known Ceramic partitions must be provided for base switches to prevent lateral migration of arcs ,. which occur when switching off short circuits between the contacts, impede. The disadvantage of the relatively large arc dimensions' in such open chambers has been avoided in some designs by the fact that the arc chimneys were partially closed by crosspieces of the ceramic material. There are also known designs in which the arc in an almost closed Chamber is driven into it, but through side openings the arc or the gases heated by the arc an outlet to the outside gives. Finally, designs have become known where in the path of the arc Metal plates are placed so that a division of the arc into one large number of partial arcs takes place and the arc dimensions as a result faster cooling. The known switches with such devices however, have considerable dimensions.

The invention relates to circuit breakers with an essentially cuboid base plate on which the actuation, latching, release, Contacting and blowing provided parts are built. Are according to the invention those provided for actuation, latching, tripping, making contact and blowing Parts that, separated from the base plate, embody a structural unit in themselves, so arranged and placed on the base plate. that the contact arrangement from above into one housed inside the switch base plate, completely or almost completely closed arc chamber protrudes. There are already different ones Embodiments of switches become known in which the arc chamber is partially is formed by walls, which are made in one piece with the switch base plate exist. Here, however, the walls of the arc roughness protrude beyond the circumference the actual switch base plate considerably, whereas with the subject of the invention the space for accommodating the base plate which is essentially required anyway the arc chamber is also used.

The invention is based on the observation that during shutdown processes in low-voltage circuits the pressure created by the arc or the change in pressure or the flow caused by them can promote the extinguishing process. However a version based on this requires a relatively powerful arc cain inern, which is too undesirable for a small self-contained switch of the known type of socket large dimensions. Uni to avoid this disadvantage and still have a Extinguishing under pressure or pressure change or flow also for small automatic switches To make possible, the subject of the invention is the mechanical strength of the Base plate of the switch, which must be present anyway, for the arc extinguishing exploited. In the subject matter of the invention, this idea is thereby realized. that the switch-off cycles in a completely or down to very small gas outlet diameter Almost completely closed arc chamber in the interior of the switch base plate to be ordered.

In this way, the strength of the arc chamber is once through increases the body of the base plate and, on the other hand, at the same time the roughness requirement of the Switch base plate made appropriately usable. -Also can the switchfire and the hot gases generated during shutdown at a switch according to the invention do not cause any adverse effects.

The parts that come into contact with your arc can be replaced be. In many cases, however, the electric heater can also be removed from the base plate be formed themselves. since it has been found that, in general, eggs are noteworthy There is no thermal stress on the chamber walls with such switches: this allows a considerable simplification to be achieved. The Arc kainitiri-n made of ceramic materials, so that if the arc chimney is formed by the base plate itself, the further advantage shows that the favorable insulation properties of such @N "Erkstoffe also for the creepage distances of the base plate are used.

For a more detailed explanation of the subject matter of the invention and details of others Details and features of the invention are shown below as an exemplary embodiment Pedestal self-switch according to the invention described, which is shown in several views or Section planes in Figs. I to .1 is shown. Figs. I to 7 still show further details of this embodiment. The application of the invention is however, it is also possible with switches other than the specified exemplary embodiment.

As can be seen from Fig. I and 2, the entire mechanics of the Switch, consisting essentially of the sliding switch member articulated on the rotary lever 21 d with the switching spring io, which is also designed as an armature of the tripping magnet Support pawl i i, which is under the action of a spring 3 handle i too actuating toggle lever 1.4, 4., and the double-armed lever mounted stationary at i9 Lever 16 and the pawl i i acting on the part 9, simultaneously with the beginning the triggering ineffective contact pressure spring 6, on ztvci boards 3o stored. On the boards 3o there are also those for magnetic release and coils 31 which are provided for blowing and which are arranged on the body 32. besides Pole pieces and blow iron. which can consist of one piece, and one on the Pawl i i acting thermal release device 34, 35 attached.

The 'mechanism of the switch, together with the handle, forms the Trigger members, the contact part and the blower one of the switch base inde pendent assemblable structural unit, in such a way that the trip coil with your trip anchor -between the bearing plates 3o, the switch mechanism on the other hand to a considerable extent outside of the space enclosed by the circuit boards is arranged. This structural unit can be fitted with the plinth before it is assembled are prepared and checked for themselves, all of which are responsible for the functioning of the arrangement essential elements are easily accessible.

The unit forming the upper part of the switch is placed on the base in this way or attached that the contact device 8, 20 and the blow iron q0 in the base 36 protrude, for this "purpose with one or more Cavities 37, 43, 44 is provided. When viewed from above, the base is shown separately in Fig. 5 shown. The attachment of the upper part of the switch to the base is shown in Fig. Z. It takes place by means of bolts 41 inserted from the underside of the base, which are inserted into Screwed in nuts 42, which do not rotate in recesses in the blow iron 4o are. Through the recesses in the middle part of the blow iron 4o, through which the appropriately made of non-magnetizable metal bolts 41 protrude, the blow iron is divided into two pairs of pole pieces, each of which is one of the two switching points between itself and thus a blown field of particular density suspends.

Through the cavity 37 in the base, according to your inventive idea, a switching chamber is formed, which is covered by the part 47 against the upper part of the switch and is substantially closed to the outside, and in which the fixed contacts g and the switching bridge 2o are arranged.

To increase the extinguishing effect. are at the switch shown according to the invention by way of the arcs drawn between the contacts ä, 2o and under the action of the blowers immediately strong on both sides are driven apart, running transversely to the arc, isolated from one another Bars or plates 45 are provided so that the arc comes into contact with them. Such a plate 4.5 is shown in Fig. 6 by itself. The parts 45 can be made from Metal, ceramic material or some other insulating material. You can also, if they are made of the same material as the switch base plate exist, form part of it. The arc is caused by an electromagnetic Blowing field driven against them, partly through the coil 3 r, partly as below described in more detail, caused by the line routing in the vicinity of the switching points will. The additional parts can be metal pieces arranged in a grid, in a manner known per se by their heat capacity or by dividing them of the arc. It has been found that using pieces of metal it is particularly useful to use non-magnetizable metal, what. thereon can be attributed to the fact that no inexpedient influencing of the blowing field by such Parts is possible.

In addition to or instead of metal plates, the object can also be used of the invention in the arc chamber 37 Stolte be provided under the action of the arc emit gases, e.g. vulcanized fiber, nitrocellulose, boric acid preparations and others more. These parts can also be arranged in the form of a grid Pieces with which the arc comes into contact housed in the chamber "-earth. This also allows the extinguishing effect to be appropriately improved.

To further improve the extinguishing effect, there are additional, completely or almost completely closed cavities 46 on the other side of the plates 45 in the base 36 (Fig. 5) . These spaces can be arranged behind or next to the parts that promote the extinguishing effect, as indicated above , so that the gas flows arising between the arc chamber 37 and the additional pressure chambers 46 pass by the parts favoring the extinguishing effect. The favorable effect of the spaces 46, the gas content of which is pressurized under the action of the arc, is explained above all by the fact that the arc itself encounters an elastically flexible counterpressure through the compression of the gas content of these spaces and the possibility gains deep between the Plates 45 penetrate.

The means specified here to improve the extinguishing effect are. Possibilities that are jointly or independently of each other individually depending on the existing conditions can be used to increase the holding power of a Low-voltage switch to increase despite its small dimensions.

A socket auto switch that, like the one shown in the picture Embodiment, has a practically completely closed arc chamber, also has the great advantage that when switching off short circuits The noises generated are not on the way via the air transmission from the arc chamber can penetrate into the open. The noise from such a switch is only very strong muffled perceptible. If the switching capacity is so great that it is to be feared that the arc is driven back by the very strong back pressure of the gases and no good and secure deletion takes place, the switch after the Invention in the base plate, apart from the devices that favor the extinguishing effect, as described above, covered to the outside, preferably in the room Exhaust openings opening below the switch cap of relatively small cross-section be provided, which are expediently separated from the additional spaces 46 go out. In this way it can be achieved that the arc is in any case takes the route prescribed for him by the glass device, and that the arc gases have already cooled down significantly at the moment of discharge; without flanim appearances on the outside of the switch. Even with one of these Implementation of the subject matter of the invention takes place in the event of a short-circuit disconnection c-n Pressure increase inside the chamber. There: outwardly penetrating noise is also at this design is attenuated to such an extent that it is not unduly disruptive works.

The production of a practically closed arc chamber takes place particularly advantageously in that) the hollow 3 which is initially open and which contains or forms the arc chamber is generally open. in the base 3f> is covered against the switching mechanism by a special part .17. and &, I1 this cover .4; is penetrated by a linearly reciprocating sliding switch member 9. cias carries the switching bridge 2o. The opening throat. <ler between ileili push switching element 9 or the non-designated tube sitting on it, which serves to support the switching spring io. and the cover .f7 remains in place. needs to be very small.

To prevent. da].) for example dike through this ring-shaped gap hill-penetrating switch light can damage the components located in the upper part of the switch or cause excessive damage, the arrangement of the beard parts in the switch according to the invention is as follows middle, winding-free part 33 eilzrs in Fig.; Ceramic insulating body 32, shown in particular, on which the blown or all-release coil 3 1 ill -two coaxial halves is wound and which, as can be seen in Fig 37 and Schaltnieclianismus; ttigeor <Inet, has a drilling part 3 '# running perpendicular to the axis of the insulating body 32. This is fully penetrated by the switching element 9, which is moved in a straight line to and fro, and also accommodates the switching spring io then have to pass a long, extensive cooling path before they reach all the more sensitive parts of the switch, so that they can no longer cause damage there. In addition, this arrangement of the components. In particular, thanks to the symmetrical wall 3 3 lying changing rooms, a particularly good level of non-use is achieved.

The switching element 9 carries ichtbogenkaininer on its inside 3; located end of a contact bridge 20, which cooperates with fixed hoiltakten 8, which all the ends of the chamber cover 47 penetrating, parallel lead-through bolts 39 sit, at their opposite ends outside of the chamber 3; Stroking parts of the switch are connected. In this way a line routing is aimed, which, through its loop-like shape, are fully independent of one another through a special one Blowing device, the blower field generated a rapid deflection of the switch-off arc causes this to act with great force against the arc-extinguishing agents described above Parts are driven, for example, in plates arranged in a grid 4 .., k consist inside. Such a blowing effect, which is already due to the loop-shaped The shape of the wiring can also be used with other switches, and also with such. which does not have a special blowing device in the form of bobbins own. be fully beneficial.

_1n the ends of the passageways 39 outside the Xainines The two inner, adjacent ends of the two halves of the winding of the blower or Auslösesptlle 31 connected so that the Interruption points are arranged in terms of circuitry between the two winding halves are. like this in A11. S is shown schematically for explanation. This can be eitle achieve particularly short and technically favorable cable routing. From the pseudo representation in Fig. K the circuit arrangement the interruption points between the two 11th, eleventh of the blow coils illustrated, the loop of the current path can also be seen particularly clearly, as above indicated by supporting the action of the blowing coils, which disfigure home switching Arcing apart.

Dadtircli that the two blow irons slipped into the base ao, between which the interruption points are located. as shown in Figure 2, like this are incised that each of the two interruptions # 81, 2o are between ie two lobes of the blow iron are located, the effect of the blow coils 31 make particularly good use, as in this way the blown field is fully exposed to the resulting Arcs are concentrated in regular rooms: is.

Bolts .f8 (Fig. 2.-) arranged perpendicular to the mounting plane are contained in the base of the switch. which, on the one hand, establish the electrical connection to the current-carrying parts of the switch and, on the other hand, for the attachment of small pieces 49 (Fig. 2, 3) or of connectors or. Fixing Bolzell 50 (@@ bh. 1, 4) can serve. They are stored in Bolirtingen 5 1 of the base, which expediently have extensions to accommodate the necessary fastening screws. For the purpose of non-rotatable storage of square nuts or inserted parts (e.g. 5o, Fig. 4), the widenings of the holes provided on the underside of the base suitably have a rectangular or square cross-section. The connecting pieces 49 are fork-shaped so that they can be pushed from the side through openings in the base provided for this purpose over the bolts [8] and fastened by tightening the nuts 52. The fork-shaped pieces 49 expediently have, as can be seen in FIG. 2, depressed or screwed-in depressions of round cross-section for secure storage of the nuts 52 so that they cannot be pulled out of the base when the nut is tightened. One possible shape of the connecting bolts 5o, which can be provided instead, is particularly clear in Fig. Q. to see. The use of the bolts 1.8 provided in the base enables simple and inexpensive production of various types of connection options which make the switch usable for a variety of purposes without the need for further changes other than replacing the connection parts 49 or 50.

The design of the switch specified here for the simplest possible Attachment of various connection options with the help of the base plate arranged bolt 48 can, as well as the previously specified measures for Improvement of the extinguishing effect, to strengthen the blowing and to simplify and keeping the switch structure small, regardless of the embodiment and regardless of the other features of the invention, also with other low-voltage switches use with advantage.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Circuit breaker with an essentially cuboid base plate on which the parts provided for actuation, latching, triggering, contacting and blowing are built, characterized in that the parts provided for actuation, latching, triggering, contacting and blowing, which are separated from the base plate, have a embody structural unit for themselves, are arranged and placed on the base plate that the contact arrangement protrudes from above into a completely or almost completely closed arc chamber housed in the interior of the switch base plate. 2. circuit breaker according to claim i, characterized in that the parts coming into contact with the arc the arcing chamber housed inside the switch base plate is exchangeable are. 3. circuit breaker according to claim i and 2, characterized in that by way of the arc in the arc chamber located in the base plate transversely to the arc, insulated, preferably non-magnetizable webs or plates (q.5) are provided; so that the arc comes into contact with them. q .. circuit breaker according to claims i to 3, characterized in that substances are provided in the arcing chamber located in the inside of the base which secrete gases under the action of the arcing. 5. Automatic switch according to claim i to 4, characterized in that in the base plate which contains the arc chamber, behind or next to a grid-like arrangement, the extinguishing effect favoring parts (45) with which the arc comes into contact, completely or almost completely closed additional rooms (46) are located. 6. Circuit breaker according to claim i to 5 for very large switching capacities, characterized in that in the base plate, apart from the extinguishing effect-promoting devices according to claim 3 to 5, outwardly covered, preferably into the space below the switch flap opening exhaust openings are provided. 7. circuit breaker according to claim i to 6, characterized in that an upwardly open cavity (37) containing or forming the arc chamber in the base plate against the switch mechanism is covered by a special part (d.7), and that the Cover (47) is penetrated by a linearly reciprocating sliding switching element (9). B. Circuit breaker according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the middle, winding-free part (33) of an insulating body (32, Fig.7 ), on which the blower or trigger coil (31) is wound in two coaxial halves, and which is arranged between the arc space (37) and the switching mechanism, has a transverse bore (38) which is guided by the switching element (9) which can be moved back and forth in a straight line. 9. Selbstschalt.nach claim i to 8, characterized in that the switching element (9) at its end located inside the arc chamber (37) carries a contact bridge (2o) which together with fixed contacts (8) n works, which sit at the ends of the Kaininerahcover (4;) penetrating through bolts (39), at the ends of which power supply parts of the switch are connected outside the chamber, so that a blowing effect is already generated by the loop-shaped shape of the line guide. ok Circuit breaker according to claims i to g. characterized in that the two adjacent ends of the two winding halves (3r) are connected to the ends of the lead-through bolts (39i outside the chamber (37) in the base Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the two blow irons (4o) protruding into the base, between which the intercalation points (8, 20) lie, are cut in such a way that each interruption point is between two special tabs of the blow iron. 1a.Switch according to Ar; claims i to ii, characterized in that the base plate (36) contains bolts (48 ') arranged perpendicular to its fastening plane, which on the one hand establish the electrical connection to the current-carrying parts of the switch and on the other hand for fastening the clamping pieces required for the external connections of the switch (q.9) or Ans Locking or fastening bolts (5o ') are used.