DE69838926T2 - Antenna and method for its production - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the invention

The The present invention relates to an antenna (to an antenna system), the (for) wireless communication is used, and also refers to an antenna structure and a manufacturing method for light weight Realization of a monopole array antenna with high accuracy, the for the High-speed data communication such as for a LAN using microwave, quasi-millimeter wave or of the millimeter wave band is used.

This application is based on Patent Application Nos. Hei 9-119385 . Hei 9-262533 and Hei 9-270858 , filed in Japan, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

2. Description of the state of the technique

Traditional are Antennas for Terminal units, the for Wireless Location LANs and the like can be used at the top of a partition or the like on a table, in a personal computer or arranged in a workstation.

In high-speed radio communication at a transmission rate of more than 10 megabits such as in a wireless LAN are antennas with high directivity and actual Profit required. On the other hand, it is desirable that terminal units a function for radiating a beam in all directions (i.e. H. 360 °) in a horizontal plane so that the radio waves are independent of the directional arrangement of a base station are always received can. Based on the standard RCR STD-34 (see "19 GHz Band Data Transmission Radio Equipment for Premises Radio Station, Research and Development Center for Radio Systems, March 1993) is a 19 GHz wireless LAN with a high transfer rate of 25 megabits and with a maximum throughput of 15 megabits been developed. (See also "VJ25 System: 19GHz High-speed Wireless Lan System ", NTT REVIEW, Vol. 9, pp. 86-92, January 1997.)

Regarding In such a system, an analysis report is known in which Using a model based on geometric optics, analytically examines a specification of a terminal that is for the realization a transmission rate of 25 megabits / s with an omnidirectional antenna in a base station necessary is. In the specification are "half width in the horizontal (or conical) plane: 30 °, Half width in the vertical plane: 30 °, directivity gain: 15 dBi or more ".

When a conventional one Antenna that can realize the above specifications are a three-dimensional angle reflector and one with a dielectric Material provided three-dimensional angle reflector known (see T. Shirato, u. a., "A 19 GHz Band Wireless LAN ", NTT R & D, Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 95-104, August 1996).

In These antennas are the directivity or the beam width basically according to the sizes of the aperture and the ground plane radius. Thus, it is difficult to Height and reduce the diameter of the ground plane (or plate), where Accordingly, the weight can not be reduced.

Another technique in which a ridge is provided to reduce (reduce the height of) a three-dimensional angle reflector is disclosed in U.S. Pat Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 9-135115 , has been proposed. However, the web is arranged in this case parallel to the ground plane; thus, the structure is complicated and the processes necessary for production are increased.

on the other hand For example, in order to realize a reduction in size, it is a planar patch antenna with a smaller volume than the above three-dimensional angle reflector (see K. Uehara, et al., A 20 GHz 12 Sector Antenna Using Planner Multibeam Arrays ", IEICE, Proceedings of the '96 General Conference, B-107, 1996 ").

However, it is necessary to ensure (i) a sufficient aperture in the longitudinal direction to obtain an accurate directivity in the vertical plane, and (ii) to ensure a sufficient aperture in the transverse direction to obtain an accurate directivity in the horizontal plane. So it is in this case, it is difficult to realize an antenna having a thinner structure, thereby increasing the loss in a supply circuit.

Besides that is another conventional Example, which has a horn for a wireless 6 sector LAN terminal unit used (see James E. Mitzlaff, "Radio Propagation and Anti-Multipath Techniques in the WIN Environment, IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 5, no. 6, p. 21-26, November 1991). The size required in this case is 20 mm (longitudinal direction) × 15 mm (Transverse direction). If using the above structure, twelve 12-sector antennas Thus, with a narrower beam, both become the necessary opening area the aperture as well as the necessary number of antennas doubled, so the overall size is almost gets four times bigger. This means, even in this case, size reduction is difficult.

Another type of antenna is an arrangement in which a monopole array antenna is arranged on a ground plane in the circumferential direction so as to cover the area with respect to the circumferential direction (see FIG Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 9-36654 ). According to this antenna, one third of the height can be realized in comparison with the angle reflector antenna, the same characteristic as in the above-described angle reflector antenna (see T. Maruyama, et al., "Design and Analysis of Small Multi-Sector Antenna for Wireless LANs Made by Monopole Yagi-Uda Array Antenna ", Transactions of IEICE, B-II No. 5, p. 424-433, May 1997). The monopoly-Yagi-Uda antenna here is a kind of monopole array antenna.

12A Fig. 16 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a conventional monopole array antenna. In this example are in a plate 20 (in the same plane of a plate 20 ) made of a conductive material, a radiator 21 , a reflector 22a and several (here 10 ) parasitic components (or directors) 22b - 22k arranged with a given between each two of these components predetermined space, wherein on the back of the conductive plate 20 a connector (or connecting section) 23 is provided. Using the connector 23 For example, a line may be inserted between the core wire of a coaxial cable inserted from a radio transmitting and receiving device (not shown) and the radiator 21 getting produced.

Conventionally, the monopole array antenna having such a structure is manufactured in such a manner that pole antenna devices serving as radiators 21 , as a reflector 22a and as parasitic components 22b - 22k act, be preprocessed so that they have specific sizes that the radiator 21 in the hole 24 (for the introduction of the radiator) is arranged; that the reflector 22a in the hole 25a (for the introduction of the reflector) is pressed; and that the parasitic elements 22b - 22k each in the holes 25b - 25k (for introducing the parasitic elements) are pressed, these holes, as in 12B the corresponding perspective partial cross-sectional view is shown, with a predetermined gap between each two of them are arranged.

The Monopole array antenna is designed here so that the lengths of the Antenna components of the order of magnitude from 0.25 times to 0.2 times as long as the wavelength are and that no antenna section (or no antenna height) that Weight of the respective arranged antennas exceeds. If the transmission frequency rate 19 GHz, will be the appropriate wavelength 15 mm; thus the height difference is between adjacent antenna devices within an order of magnitude of 0.01 mm of the plane defined, so that the machining is very difficult. This means, around such a precision antenna is the measurement of accuracy using a special microscope necessary after the basic machining has been completed, with further readjustment being necessary, if any error is detected. Thus, those for the setting The antenna components required costs in view of mass production greatly increased, thus the manufactured antennas become very expensive.

A monopole array antenna is also in JP-A-09036654 disclosed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly It is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna with a structure for easy production and a manufacturing process for that too create.

Consequently The present invention provides an antenna according to claim 1.

Accordingly, a multi-sector angle reflector antenna may be connected via a simple process, such as That the surface of a dielectric material formed by using a mold of a dielectric material is coated with a metallic thin film can be easily produced. The mold used in the process has a simple structure containing concave portions corresponding to the relevant elements to be excluded; Thus, the antenna can be manufactured economically.

In addition, the Mold and the dielectric material as a main body of the Antenna molded using this mold, according to the structural Features of the mold and the dielectric material after molding easily separated in a single direction. Thus, a Production can be carried out with a good yield.

consequently can high precision antennas are very economical and easy to manufacture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

1A and 1B show a multi-sector angle reflector antenna of the invention.

2A and 2 B show a shape of the dielectric material.

3A and 3B are sectional views to show an example of the installation of the radiator.

4A and 4B show an exemplary structure for amplifying the parasitic devices and the like.

5A and 5B show the second multi-sector angle reflector antenna.

6A and 6B show the third multi-sector angle reflector antenna.

7A and 7B show two more examples of such an antenna.

8A and 8B show yet another example of such an antenna.

9 FIG. 10 is an exemplary flowchart of processes for manufacturing the antenna. FIG.

10A and 10B show exemplary radiation patterns of the antenna.

11 shows an example of the reflection loss characteristic of the antenna.

12A and 12B show a monopole array antenna according to the related art.

13 Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing a structure of a characteristic strip line of the first embodiment according to the present invention.

14A and 14B show the structure of an antenna with a characteristic strip line of the second embodiment.

15 Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of a characteristic strip line of the third embodiment.

16A and 16B show the structure of an antenna having a characteristic strip line of the fourth embodiment.

17 Fig. 10 shows the structure of an antenna having a characteristic strip line of the fifth embodiment.

18 Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of an antenna having a characteristic strip line of the sixth embodiment.

19 Fig. 10 is a rear elevational view showing the structure of an antenna having a characteristic strip line of the seventh embodiment.

20 Fig. 10 is a rear elevational view showing the structure of an antenna having a characteristic strip line of the eighth embodiment.

21A and 21B Fig. 11 is rear elevational views showing the structure of an antenna having a characteristic strip line of the ninth embodiment.

22A and 22B FIG. 14 is rear elevational views showing the structure of an antenna having a characteristic strip line of the tenth embodiment.

23A and 23B show an arrangement of a stripline in the related art.

24A - 24C show arrangements of a stripline in the related art.

25A and 25B Fig. 15 are side sectional views showing the structure of an antenna using a strip line in the related art.

26A and 26B serve to explain an example of a method for manufacturing an antenna whose reflector has through-holes.

27A and 27B show the first embodiment of an antenna, which consists of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

28A and 28B show the second embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

29A and 29B show the third embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

30 shows the fourth embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

31 shows the fifth embodiment of an antenna, which consists of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

32 shows the sixth embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

33 shows the seventh embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

34 shows the eighth embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

35A and 35B show examples of the radiation pattern in a horizontal plane with respect to an antenna consisting of a plurality of antenna units with different operating frequencies.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In Explanations the embodiment be first an antenna (an antenna system) with a structure that is lightweight Manufacture is suitable, and a corresponding manufacturing process explained. Second, antennas having a structure for easy manufacturing (as mentioned above) and also with a distinctive stripline (the one with a radiator connected) explained. About that thirdly, antennas having the above features, which also feature several antenna units with different operating frequencies exist, explained.

Antenna (antenna system) with a structure for easy production

1A and 1B show a multi-sector angle reflection antenna and 1A is a perspective view of an antenna with a circular ground plane (or plate) while 1B a partially enlarged view of 1A is. In the figures, the reference numeral designates 1 a dielectric Ma terial, the reference numeral 2 a ground plane, denoted by the reference numeral 4 One or more parasitic devices (or one or more directors) are designated by the reference numeral 5 one or more webs (as a partition plate (s)), the reference numeral 6 a reflector, the reference numeral 7 a metallic coating and denotes the reference numeral 8th one or more spotlights. As a dielectric material 1 For example, a material suitable as a medium used for a metal mold, ie, an insulating and highly flowable material such as a polymeric material (e.g., an aromatic polyester) may be used.

In the like in the 1A and 1B In the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12, only portions projecting on the upper side of the antenna are provided, while the antenna has a uniform structure in the vertical direction. Thus, this antenna can be manufactured using a mold that is pulled in one direction only (ie, in the upper direction).

2A and 2 B show a shape of the dielectric material as the Hauptkör pers as in 1A shown antenna. 2A is similar to the 1A and 1B a perspective view of the (entire) dielectric material, while 2 B a partially enlarged view of 2A is. In the figures, the reference numeral designates 1 a dielectric plate, denoted by the reference numeral 1a one or more protruding portions, also made of the dielectric material, and denotes the reference numeral 3 one or more holes to provide the radiator (s). Those sections that are in 1 the ground plane 2 , the parasitic components 4 , the footbridges 5 and the reflector 6 should be, by removing corresponding areas in the dielectric plate 1 and then formed by coating the dielectric material with a metallic coating; thus, here are the obtained protruding portions of the dielectric material using the reference numeral 1a designated.

Thus, the main structure of the antenna is constructed so that the surface of the antenna as in 2 shown dielectric structure is coated with a metallic coating. As the metallic coating, tungsten and nickel having a thickness of 5 μm and copper having a thickness of 5 μm can be used to coat the plating bath and gold or silver having a thickness of 0.02 μm to obtain good conductivity. Since tungsten and nickel easily adhere to plastic material, they are used as the first layer with respect to the dielectric material, while gold or silver is used as an outer layer to increase the conductivity. Since gold or silver does not easily adhere to tungsten and nickel, a copper layer is provided here.

As explained above In the antenna, all major structural components such as parasitic components constructed in one piece, wherein the one-piece body by plating or the like is coated with a metallic coating. Accordingly is an adjustment of these different types of components unnecessary, being in a relatively short time Time a big one Quantity of products can be produced.

3A and 3B are sectional views to an example of the installation of the radiator in the 1A and 1B show antenna shown. In this example, an inner conductor with a semi-rigid cable is used as the radiator. In the 3A and 3B denotes the reference numeral 1 a dielectric material, the reference numeral 2 a ground plane, called the Bezugszei chen 3 a hole made in the ground plane denotes the reference numeral 7 a metallic coating, the reference numeral 9 an inner conductor (or a core wire) of a semi-rigid cable, denoted by the reference numeral 10 an outer conductor of a semi-rigid cable, denoted by the reference numeral 11 a dielectric material filled between the inner and outer conductors of the semi-rigid cable is designated by the reference numeral 12 an adhesive (adhesive material) such as a solder, and denotes the reference numeral 18 a semi-rigid cable.

In the how in 3A The method shown is the radiator (the inner conductor 9 of the semi-rigid cable) by pressing the outer conductor 10 the semi-rigid cable 18 in the ground plane 2 attached hole attached.

In the how in 3B The method shown is the radiator (ie the inner conductor 9 of the semi-rigid cable) by inserting the outer conductor 10 the semi-rigid cable 18 in the ground plane 2 produced hole and then by gluing the semi-rigid cable 18 using an adhesive 12 such as a solder to the ground plane 2 attached.

In the above structure, it is unnecessary to provide a pole conductor such as a radiator and the conductor with a semi-rigid cable or the like as a supply line to connect.

4A and 4B show an exemplary structure for amplifying the radiator, the parasitic elements and the like as sectional views of the antenna. The reference numerals 1 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 7 . 9 and 18 in the figures, the same components in the earlier figures and the reference numeral 13 refers to a curing material with a relative dielectric constant of almost 1 ,

4A shows a structure in which the two inner conductors 9 (as a radiator) of the semi-rigid cable and the parasitic components 4 using a hardening material 13 are attached while 4B another structure shows in which only the parasitic elements 4 using the curing material 13 are attached.

As explained above was, is the surface each component coated with a hardening material, whereby these fine elements can be mechanically protected and not easily by a corrosive glass contained in the air or the like. Accordingly, the characteristics the antenna over to be maintained stable for a long time. Furthermore can not only the radiator or the parasitic components, but also the entire antenna is coated using a curing material be.

5A and 5B show a second antenna and 5A is a perspective view while 5B is a sectional view. These figures show an example in which parasitic devices are formed on one side of a dielectric plate as metal strip layers. In the figures, the reference numeral designates 1 a dielectric plate, denoted by the reference numeral 2 a ground plane (or ground plate, which is fan-shaped in this example) and denotes the reference numeral 5 one or more bars. In addition, the reference numeral 6 a reflector, the reference numeral 8th one or more polar radiators, the reference numeral 14 one or more dielectric plates made from the dielectric plate 1 perpendicular to the plate 1 are excluded, denote the reference numerals 4a Parasitic components, which are formed as strip-shaped metal coatings, denoted by the reference numeral 16 a stripline laying on the back of a ground plane 2 is provided, and denotes the reference numeral 19 a sector switch.

In the present example, the dielectric plates become 14 by removing the corresponding areas from the dielectric plate 1 produced. However, another method may be carried out in which the dielectric pole plates 14 independent of the dielectric plate 1 be prepared and the dielectric plates 14 then on the dielectric plate 1 be attached. In this case, the parasitic components 4A using a conductive material such as a solder to the metallic coating of the ground plane 2 glued.

To form the parasitic components 4a as metallic strip coatings on the dielectric plates 14 or for forming a strip line on the back of the ground plane 2 For example, as a present example at the time of plating, a process that uses a catalyst to produce non-plated regions is performed, or an etching process is performed after plating.

In this example, the spotlights are 8th with the stripline 16 connected to the back of the ground plane 2 is designed to supply electricity. In addition, on the back of the ground plane also the sector switch 19 2 provided to switch the sector.

6A and 6B show the third antenna and 6A is a perspective view while 6B is a sectional view. This example is almost the same as the one in 5A and 5B shown, wherein a different point is that the radiator (s) 8a on the dielectric plate 17 together with parasitic components 4a is formed or are. Apart from this point, all structural features are the same as those in the 5A and 5B shown; thus, detailed explanations are omitted here.

7A and 7B show two further examples, these examples each by sectional views in the 7A and 7B are shown.

That through 7A example shown is almost the same as that in the 1A and 1B shown, where a different point is that on the back of the ground plane 2 a stripline 16 and a sector switch 19 are provided.

In the example off 7B are different from that through 7A example shown that the spotlight 8b by removing the corresponding portion in the dielectric plate 1 by overcoating the surface of the recessed portion with a metallic coating, making a hole in the center of the portion and filling a conductive material in the hole or by coating the inner surface of the hole with a conductive coating over the stripline 16 Supply electricity is produced.

8A and 8B show yet another example in which the stripline section has a "triplate" structure.

In the 8A and 8B denotes the reference numeral 8th an inner conductor as a radiator, which is a metal conductor inserted into a dielectric hole. The reference number 16 denotes a 50 Ω microstrip line for powering the radiator 8th , this line being through the hole of the radiator 8th to the hole 3a goes.

That is, the hole 3a is in the dielectric material 1 previously provided and filled in this hole metallic material with the radiator 8th connected. As a method of making the hole 3a can, as in 8A (ii) making a hole after the single pattern drawing and inserting metallic conductors from both the hole of the radiator 8th as well as from the hole 3a or (iii) making upper and lower parts using separate molds and sticking them together. The reference number 7a here denotes a metallic coating, called the mass of the stripline 16 acts.

9 is a flowchart of processes for making the basic structure of the antenna. As shown in the figure, a wood model having the same shape as the desired antenna is manufactured (see step S1), and a corresponding shape is made based on the wood model (see step S2). When making the mold, necessary dimension adjustments are made (see step S3). (Conventionally, these adjustments are made during the manufacture of each antenna.) The remaining processes, regardless of the number of products, are merely the casting of a medium material (see step S4) and the plating (see step S5-S7).

When to water using one or more metal molds may be related on step S4 injection molding by injecting a medium from small holes which have been manufactured in a mold or die-cast pour of a medium into a mold and compressing the medium using the be adopted in another form. Since the antenna according to the present Invention has a fine structure such as parasitic components is here injection molding, which is suitable for producing a fine structure is preferred.

In addition will be the plating processes in steps S5 to S7 for plating the above mentioned used three layers.

The Shape adjustment is performed by using a test antenna is measured, in which a medium was poured and then was plated. The for The setting necessary time can be strong using metal mold casting be reduced. There is no known conventional example in which such a metal mold casting on the production of Monopole antenna is applied. The antenna according to the present invention has a structure that only by pulling a shape into a Direction can be formed, and thus can be used a shape can be made with a simple structure.

In the case of as in the 3A and 3B After the plating processes have been completed, it is necessary to install radiators, while in the case of the antenna shown in FIG 4A and 4B a further process for amplifying parasitic components or the like is necessary. For the above-mentioned antennas as further examples, similarly, some predetermined processes are necessary.

in the Following are experimental results in terms of the characteristic the according to the above-explained Method produced antenna shown.

10A and 10B show exemplary radiation patterns of the antenna at 19.5 GHz and 10A shows measurement data of a radiation pattern in a horizontal plane while 10B Measured data of the Radiation pattern in a vertical plane shows. Solid lines in the graphs in the figures indicate antenna characteristics based on the described manufacturing method, while dotted lines indicate antenna characteristics based on a conventional manufacturing method.

Based of the figures can be obtained by using the manufacturing method manufactured antenna can be obtained an efficiency equal that is, by the conventional one Manufacturing process is obtained (in which the settings of Antenna components for every antenna is running become). Thus, it is clear that the antenna is for practical use suitable is.

11 shows an exemplary reflection loss characteristic of the antenna. The generally required level of reflection loss is -10 dB or less and 11 shows that such a requirement is met at 19.5 GHz for which standardization is in progress.

Accordingly, based on the 10 and 11 It should be understood that the antenna may have desirable characteristics in terms of gain, radiation pattern, and reflection loss, such as those realized by conventional manufacturing techniques.

As explained above was, according to the present Invention an angle reflector multi-sector antenna by simple Processing in such a way that the surface of a molded dielectric Material coated with a metallic layer, easily realized become. A necessary form used in the example has a simple structure, in the concave sections, the protruding Corresponding elements are provided in one direction, so that Such a form can be economically prepared.

In addition, the Mold and the dielectric material as a main body of the Using the form of trained antenna slightly after the Forms are separated in a single direction; thus one can Production can be realized with a good yield.

Consequently The advantage is that high-precision antennas are manufactured very economically can be.

As in the 5A . 5B and 6A . 6B 4, according to the present antenna having the above-described structure, moreover, a Yagi-Uda antenna having pole-shaped and metal-clad devices as parasitic devices can be realized.

The Antenna not only realizes one using parasitic devices accurate directivity, but also the oppression unnecessary reflection from a spotlight to the next array belongs, by providing a bridge, and further realized by efficient Use the interaction between adjacent arrangements one Low profile antenna with sharpened beam.

Furthermore is the antenna by pouring of a dielectric material into a mold using the Spray or die casting process and by coating the surface of the formed dielectric material using a plating or atomization process produced. Thus, it is unnecessary bury each element in a hole and adjust its height, what in the conventional technique necessary, using a previously trained highly accurate form antennas manufactured to the same degree of accuracy can be.

As In addition, there is also in the line everyone Direction perpendicular to the ground plane no concave or convex Section (that is, the shape is not changed); thus the shape becomes just drawn in one direction and only one mold is enough to make the antennas off.

The ground plane of the antenna may have any shape. If a basic construction is assumed in which the ground plane is circular to form a 12 sector antenna array, the antenna can be built into the window. With respect to the basic construction, the following arrangements are also possible: (i) If half of the 12 sectors are not used, the antenna can be changed to be circular, and (ii) if the antenna is installed in a corner of a room, Quadrant antennas can be combined to form a circular antenna. Accordingly, incorporation and combination are flexible in the present invention. In addition, the basic shape of the ground plane is not limited to being circular, but the basic shape may also be a polygon. Similarly, the arc of a semi-circular or fan-shaped antenna may be polygonal. Moreover, a portion where a reflector is provided has not only a cylindrical shape or a plate shape is obtained by cutting off a part of a side wall of a cylinder but also a polygonal side which contacts the ground plane in accordance with the number of sectors.

If an inner conductor of a semi-rigid cable is used as a radiator it will be possible a process for establishing a connection between an antenna device and a semi-rigid cable and on to a connector used for manufacturing a conventional one Monopole antenna is necessary to omit.

If the radiators or the parasitic ones Components coated with a dielectric hardening material can, can These small components are stiffened and reinforced and also present protected the environment become. That way you can Maintain the characteristics of the antenna stable for a long time become.

on the other hand can by providing a stripline on the back a dielectric material as the ground plane over the Stripline a connection of an antenna device to a Supply circuit or to a sector switch are made; thus, a connector, a semi-rigid cable or another Supply circuit can be omitted.

Antenna (antenna system) with a distinctive stripline

in the Following are embodiments an antenna with a structure for easy manufacturing explained in the strip line connected to a radiator is according to the invention. First, be Problems with regard to the stripline in the related field. After that, embodiments become an antenna to the solution the problems that a characteristic stripline has, explained.

23A is a perspective view showing an arrangement of a strip line in the related art, and 23B Fig. 16 is a side view showing the arrangement of the strip line. The reference number 101 designated in 23A and 23B a plate-shaped dielectric material having a thickness d1. The Relative Dielectric Constant of the Dielectric Material 101 is here εr. The reference number 102 denotes one as a thin layer on the surface of the dielectric material 101 formed stripline, wherein the width of the strip conductor is defined as W1. The reference number 103 denotes a ground plane that acts as a thin layer over the entire backside of the dielectric material 101 is formed and as the mass of the stripline 102 acts.

If the characteristic impedance Z with respect to the strip line in the above structure is approximated using a quasi-TEM wave, the characteristic impedance with the magnetic permeability μ, with the relative dielectric constant εr, with the dielectric constant ε0 in vacuum and with the Thickness d1 of the dielectric material 101 and with the width W of the stripline 102 represented by the following equation (1). Z = ((μ / εr · ε0) 1.2 ) · (D1 / W1) [Ω] (1)

Based on 24A - 24C Here, influences on the above-mentioned characteristic impedance Z caused by a dielectric material whose thickness is nonuniform are explained.

The reference number 104 designated in 24A a dielectric material having two thicknesses, d1 and d2, with a protruding portion on the back thereof 104a is trained.

That is, the dielectric material 104 is formed so that the thickness of the protruding portion 104a d2 is while the thickness of the remaining sections except the protruding section 104a d1 is. The reference number 105 denotes one as a thin layer on the surface of the dielectric material 104 formed stripline, in which a section corresponding to the protruding section 104a has the width W2, while the remaining portions except the portion having the width W2 have the width W1 (<W2). The reference number 106 denotes a ground plane that acts as a thin layer over the entire backside of the dielectric material 104 is trained.

The dielectric material 104 and the stripline 105 are each designed here in such a way that they satisfy a condition: d1 / W1 = d2 / W2. If this condition is satisfied, a characteristic impedance Z satisfying the above equation (1) can be obtained over the entire stripline. However, the thickness of the dielectric material is 104 in terms of as in 24A shown stripline changed abruptly from d1 to d2; thus reflection and loss of microwaves are produced as transmission media.

To reduce this reflection and this loss of microwaves effectively becomes an as in 24B shown stripline used. The reference number 107 in 24B denotes a dielectric material having two thicknesses d1 and d2, wherein on the back surface of the dielectric material is a chamfered protruding portion 7a is trained. That is, the dielectric material 107 is formed so that the thickness is slow from d2 (the remaining portion except the protruding portion 107a ) on d1 (the previous section 107a ) will be changed.

The reference number 108 denotes one as a thin layer on the surface of the dielectric material 107 trained strip conductor, in which the projecting section 7a is corresponding width W2, wherein in the remaining portions except for the portion having the width W2, tapered shaped portions are formed so that the width can be changed slowly from W2 to W1 (<W2). The reference number 109 denotes a ground plane that acts as a thin layer over the entire backside of the dielectric material 107 is trained.

In the above structure, both the dielectric material 107 as well as the strip conductor 108 bevelled shaped; thus, reflection and loss of microwaves become the above section 7a reduced.

The following are based on 24C Influences explained by a very thick protruding section 104a (Thickness: d2) of dielectric material 104 (as in 24A shown) are caused to the characteristic impedance Z.

The reference number 110 designated in 24C a dielectric material having two thicknesses d1 and d2, wherein on the back side of the dielectric material has a projecting portion 110a is trained. In the 24C shown thickness d2 is here compared to the corresponding thickness d2 in 24A very large. The reference number 111 denotes one as a thin layer on the surface of the dielectric material 110 formed stripline, in which the width of a portion of the projecting portion 110a is equal to, W2 is and the width of the remaining sections except the section having the width W2 is W1 (<W2).

In the 24C shown width W2 is here compared to the in 24A shown width W2 very large. The reference number 112 denotes a ground plane that acts as a thin layer over the entire backside of the dielectric material 110 is trained.

In the above structure, the portion having the width W2 in the strip conductor 111 a very large thickness d2; thus the ground plane works 112 on the side opposite the section with the width W2 not as the mass. Thus, the above assumption can be made using a quasi-TEM wave as in FIG 24C shown stripline are not applied; thus, no uniform characteristic impedance Z over the entire strip line can be obtained.

Accordingly, in the as in 24C shown stripline compared to the as in 24A stripline remarkably increases the reflection and loss of microwaves.

25A and 25B Fig. 15 are side sectional views showing the structure of an antenna using a strip line. The like in these 25A and 25B The antenna shown acts as a monopole Yagi-Uda antenna (or as a monopole array antenna).

The reference number 113 designated in 25A a plate-shaped dielectric material having on its surface a projecting portion 113a is trained. The reference number 114 denotes a ground plane formed by coating the entire surface of the dielectric material 113 (including the previous section 113a ) is provided with a thin layer of a conductor. This ground plane acts as the ground for the antenna device 117 , which will be explained later. The previous section 113a and the ground plane 114 that acts as a thin layer on the surface of the protruding section 113a is formed acts as a reflective plate 115 of the antenna device 117 , "Antenna device" and "radiator" have the same meaning here.

The reference number 116 denotes a strip conductor that is inside the dielectric material 113 and along the ground plane 114 is buried. The antenna component 117 is before (ie in 25A on the right side of the) reflective plate 115 appropriate. The lower end of the antenna device is electrically connected to one end of the stripline 116 connected and also is the device 117 vertically in the dielectric material 113 intended. Both "reflective plate" and "reflector" have the same meaning here. The reference numerals 118 . 118 , ... designate several parasitic components that are on a line before (ie in 25A on the right side of the) antenna component 117 are arranged. The reference number 119 denotes a ground plane formed by coating the entire back surface of the dielectric material 113 is made with a thin layer and as the mass for the strip conductor 116 acts.

As based on 24C has been explained, the reflective plate acts 115 in

25A not as a ground plane; thus here a "triplate" structure is assumed, in which the ground planes 119 and 114 each for the strip conductor 116 and for the antenna device 117 are provided.

The following is based on 25B Another example of the structure of an antenna using a stripline is explained. In 25B wear parts equal to those in 25A are the same reference numerals, and their explanations are omitted. In 25B are in place of the strip conductor 116 , of the antenna component 117 and the ground plane 119 as they are in 25A are shown, a stripline 120 , an antenna device 121 and a ground plane 122 intended.

The strip conductor 120 is on the back of the dielectric material 113 and under the reflective plate 115 formed as a thin layer of dielectric material. The antenna component 121 is in front of the reflective plate 115 attached and the lower end of the element 121 is electrically connected to one end of the stripline 120 connected and the element 121 is in the dielectric material 113 provided vertically. The ground plane 122 is generally within the dielectric material 113 and along the ground plane 114 buried.

That is, compared to the like in 25A shown structure in which the ground plane 119 under the strip conductor 116 is arranged, is the ground plane 122 in 25B over the strip conductor 120 arranged.

The reflecting plate 115 works in here 25B not like in the 25A shown case as a ground plane; thus here a "triplate" structure is assumed, in which for the strip conductor 120 and for the antenna device 121 each ground plane 122 and 114 are provided.

If the thickness of the protruding section 110a made of dielectric material 110 in such strip lines as in 24C shown is very large, affects the part of the ground plane 112 , the section above 110a corresponds, with respect to the strip conductor 111 not as the crowd. Accordingly, it is difficult to manufacture a strip line which has a very thick protruding portion and has very little reflection and loss of microwaves when a dielectric material having a protruding portion is used.

As based on the 25A and 25B has been explained in the antenna using a strip line in the case where the dielectric material 113 is used, which has a very thick protruding section 113a contains, as described above, a triplate structure necessary. Thus, with respect to the antenna using a strip line, several shapes are necessary for the manufacture, so that the manufacturing processes become complicated.

In In view of this problem, hereinafter are several embodiments shown and explained, which is on a stripline and on an antenna that the Stripline used refer, in which the reflection and The loss of microwaves can be reduced even if a dielectric material with a very thick protruding portion is used and the manufacturing processes can be simplified.

First embodiment with respect to a Marking stripline

In the following, each embodiment will be explained with reference to the drawings. 13 FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a structure of a strip line of the first embodiment according to the present invention. FIG finding shows.

The reference number 130 in this figure denotes a plate-shaped dielectric material, its thickness being d1. On the surface 130b of the dielectric material 130 is an upwardly projecting portion along a transverse direction in the figure 130a educated.

The reference number 130c denotes a through hole formed in a center portion of the base of the protruding portion 130a is formed in the transverse direction, this hole from the surface to the back of the projecting portion 130a goes. The bottom side of this through hole 130c and the upper side (or surface) 130b of the dielectric material 130 are coplanar.

Besides, the distance from the surface 130b of the dielectric material 130 to the top of the through hole 130c ie the height of the through hole 103c , defined as "h". This height h is 0.1 times or preferably 0.05 times as large as the wavelength of the microwaves as a transmission medium. The preferable condition that the height is 0.05 times as much as the wavelength of the microwaves is defined because according to this condition, the effect of the microwaves with respect to the above section 130a similar to that observed in the case where the through-hole is 130c is not provided. If satisfactory antenna capability is the only requirement, the height h can be 0.1 times as much as the wavelength of the microwaves. In addition, the above height h may be appropriately changed according to specification changes or the like.

The reference number 131 denotes a ground plane which as a thin layer of dielectric material over the entire surface 130b of the dielectric material 130 and also on the entire outer sides of the projecting portion 130a is formed, wherein the ground plane acts as a mass. In the figure, "d1" (the thickness of the dielectric material 130 ) also the thickness of the ground plane 131 ; However, here it is assumed that the thickness of the ground plane 131 "0" is. In addition, the ground plane 131 on the surface 130b of the dielectric material 130 also provided in an area of the through hole 130c equivalent.

If a stripline is used as a portion of an antenna, the protruding portion acts 130a and the over the entire preceding section 130a formed (thin layer of the) ground plane 131 as a reflective plate 132 ,

The strip conductor 133 is in a longitudinal direction in 13 as a thin layer of dielectric material on the back 130d of the dielectric material 130 formed, wherein the width W of the line is smaller than the width of the through hole 130c is. In addition, the width W of the strip conductor 133 from the front end to the rear end (in the figure) and is the thin layer of the strip conductor 133 on the back side 130d of the dielectric material 130 formed in the way that the through hole 130c is present above this strip conductor.

In the above structure, the thickness of the dielectric material is 130 in relation to the strip conductor 133 over all areas from the front end to the rear end d1. That is, while the through hole 130c in the previous section 130a is formed, is the effective thickness of the portion of the through hole 130c of the dielectric material 130 corresponds, with respect to the strip conductor 133 d2 is equal to d1. Thus, the thickness of the dielectric material 130 in relation to the strip conductor 133 Accepted as "d1" across all domains.

Consequently, according to the strip line in the above-explained first embodiment, even if the dielectric material 130 as in 24C shown a very thick protruding section 130a contains the characteristic impedance Z over all areas of fixed width W of the stripline 133 be fixed.

Thus, according to the strip line of the above-mentioned first embodiment, the reflection and the loss of microwaves as transmission media can be reduced if in the dielectric material 130 a very thick protruding section 130a is available.

Second embodiment the antenna with characteristic stripline

The following is based on the 14A and 14B a structure according to the second embodiment is explained, which refers to an antenna with a characteristic stripline. 14A is a perspective view showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the second embodiment, and 14B is a sectional view taken along the line AA 'in 14A ,

In the 14A and 14B carry the same parts as those in the 13A and 13B the same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted here.

In 14A is in the ground plane 131 a hole 131 provided and is the antenna device 134 added here. In addition, the in 14B shown stripline 133 in the way on the back 130d of the dielectric material 130 formed such that the length of the strip conductor shorter than that of the in the 13A and 136 shown stripline 133 and that the width of the present stripline is set as "W" over the entire area.

That as in 14B shown antenna component 134 is in the dielectric material 130 vertically, approximately in such a way that it is in the ground plane 131 from the hole 131 projecting upwards, provided the lower end of the component 134 with the end 133a of the stripline 133 electrically connected. In this case, it can be considered that the electrical uniformity as described above is applied over the entire range of the thickness d1 of the dielectric material 130 in 14A is satisfied; thus affects the in 14B shown ground plane 131 as the common ground for the antenna device 134 and for the strip conductor 133 ,

When the stripline is made of the dielectric material 130 , from the ground plane 131 and from the strip conductor 133 When microwaves are supplied in the above structure, the microwaves from the antenna device become 134 radiated. At this time, the radiated microwaves have over the reflecting plate 132 a directivity in the direction of the positive X-axis.

As explained above, according to the antenna using a strip line, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the ground plane 131 as the common ground for the stripline 133 and for the antenna device 134 be used; Thus, the present antenna can be compared to the antenna with the triplate structure, as shown in the 25A and 25B is shown to be easily made using fewer molds for metal mold casting.

Third embodiment an antenna with a distinctive stripline

The following is based on 15 explains a structure of a strip line according to the third embodiment. 15 Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of the strip line of the third embodiment.

The reference number 140 designated in 15 a plate-shaped dielectric material on the surface thereof 140b in the transverse direction in the figure, an upright projecting portion 140a is trained. In the previous section 140a From the lower end to the upper end of the protruding portion are a plurality of slots 140c . 140c , ..., where the slot width is "Ws". The above slot width Ws is 0.1, preferably 0.05 times as much as the wavelength of the microwaves as a transmission medium. This slit width Ws may be appropriately changed according to a specification change or the like.

The reference number 141 denotes a ground plane formed by coating the entire surface 140b of the dielectric material 140 and the entire preceding section 140a (with the slots 140c . 140c ...) has been formed with a thin layer. This ground plane acts as the ground for the stripline 143 , which will be explained later.

If a stripline is used as a portion of an antenna, the protruding portion acts 140a and the ground plane 141 , which is formed as a thin layer over the protruding portion, as a reflecting plate 142 , The strip conductor 143 is by coating the back 140d of the dielectric material 140 formed with a thin layer of dielectric material in a longitudinal direction in the figure, wherein the width W thereof is set from the front end to the rear end. Dotted lines in the figure indicate here the position of the stripline 143 on the back 140d and thus correspond to protruded lines on the surface of the Z-direction dielectric material in the figure. This definition is used in the following drawings.

In the above structure are in the previous section 140a of the dielectric material 140 several slots 140c . 140c , ... intended; thus, it can be assumed that the thickness of the dielectric Ma terials 140 in relation to the strip conductor 143 is set from the front to the rear end. This is because multiple slots generally suppress influences on electric and magnetic fields as well as currents.

Thus, according to the strip line of the third embodiment explained above, the characteristic impedance Z can be distributed over all regions with a strip conductor 143 Fixed width W can also be fixed when a dielectric material 140 is used, which has a very thick protruding section 140a contains.

That is, according to the strip line of the above-mentioned third embodiment, the reflection and loss of microwaves as transmission media can be reduced even when in the dielectric material 140 a very thick protruding section 140a is included.

The Stripline of the above mentioned third embodiment owns a structure by pulling a shape in one direction can be produced. Thus, this stripline under Using a single mold can be easily made.

Fourth embodiment the antenna with characteristic stripline

The following is based on the 16A and 16B a structure according to the fourth embodiment with respect to an antenna with a characteristic stripline explained. 16A FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the fourth embodiment, and FIG 16B is a sectional view taken along the line BB 'in 16A ,

In the 16A and 16B carry the same parts as those in the 15A and 15B The same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted here.

In the 16A and 16B is in the ground plane 141 a hole 141 provided and here are an antenna component 144 and a parasitic device 145 new added. That as in 16B shown antenna component 144 is in the dielectric material 140 Vertically provided so that it out of the hole 141 in the ground plane 141 protrudes upward, and the lower end of the device 144 is with the end 143a a stripline 143 electrically connected. As described above, in this case, it can be considered that the electrical uniformity with respect to the thickness over the entire area of the dielectric material 140 in 16A is satisfied; thus affects the in 16B shown ground plane 141 as a common ground for the antenna device 144 and for the strip conductor 143 , The parasitic device 145 is in front of the antenna component 144 appropriate.

When the out of the dielectric material 140 , from the ground plane 141 and from the strip conductor 143 Existing stripline in the above structure are fed to microwaves, the microwaves from the antenna device 144 radiated. At this time, the radiated microwaves have over the reflecting plate 142 and the parasitic device 145 a directivity in the direction of the positive X-axis.

In addition, in the above structure, the slit width Ws of the slits 140c . 140c , 0.1 times the wavelength of the microwaves; thus, the reflective plate can 142 electrically accepted as a reflecting plate without slits.

As explained above, the ground plane 141 according to the antenna using a strip line in the fourth embodiment of the present invention as the common ground for the strip conductor 143 and for the antenna device 144 be used; thus, the present antenna can be easily manufactured as compared with the conventional antenna having a triplate structure using less molds for metal mold casting.

Fifth embodiment of an antenna with a distinctive stripline

The following is based on 17 a structure according to the fifth embodiment explained, which refers to an antenna with a characteristic stripline. 17 FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the fifth embodiment, wherein like parts in FIG 16A bear the same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted here.

In 17 are the range and the number of slots in the previous section 140a made of dielectric material 140 are trained, compared to 16A different and is the position of the strip conductor 143 also different. It is also in 17 the parasitic element 145 in 16A omitted for the sake of convenience.

That is, in 17 are only near the left side (surface) in the figure four slots 140c . 140c , ..., while in the remaining portion no slot is provided. Thus, there is in the previous section 140a in the section opposite in orientation with respect to the direction R of the maximum radiation from that of the antenna device 144 radiated microwaves is positioned, in other words, in the section on the back of the antenna device 144 in the figure, no slots ( 140c . 140c ...).

On the other hand, the stripline 143 as a thin layer under the slits 140c . 140c , ... on the back side 140d of the dielectric material 140 educated. That is, the thin layer of the stripline 143 is positioned transversely with respect to the direction R of maximum microwave radiation.

According to the above structure, the slots are 140c . 140c , ... in the section (in the previous section 140a ) in an orientation opposite to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation is not provided; thus, influences can be through the slots 140c . 140c , ... are caused to the antenna characteristics as compared to the antenna using a strip line as shown in the fourth embodiment.

Sixth embodiment an antenna with a distinctive stripline

The following is based on 18 a structure according to a sixth embodiment explained, which refers to an antenna with a characteristic stripline. 18 FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the sixth embodiment, wherein in this figure the same parts as those in FIG 14A bear the same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted here.

In 18 is in the previous section 130a instead of in 14A shown through hole 130c a through hole 130e provided, the position of the stripline 133 is also different.

That is, the through hole 130e in 18 is near the left side (surface) of the protruding portion 130a and in a position offset from an orientation opposite to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation. In addition, the strip conductor 133 as a thin layer so on the back 130d of the dielectric material 130 formed that the conductor under the through hole 130e is positioned.

Accordingly, the thin layer of the strip conductor 133 positioned with respect to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation in the transverse direction and the width W of the stripline 133 smaller than the width of the through hole 130e ,

According to the above structure, there is a portion (a protruding portion 130a ) which is positioned in a direction opposite to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation, no through hole 130e ; thus, through the through hole 130e caused influences on the antenna characteristics compared to the antenna using a strip line of the second embodiment can be reduced.

Seventh embodiment an antenna with a distinctive stripline

The following is based on 19 a structure according to the seventh embodiment explained, which refers to an antenna with a characteristic strip line. 19 Fig. 10 is a rear view showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the seventh embodiment.

The reference number 150 designated in 19 a disk-shaped dielectric material having on its surface (ie, on the back side of this figure) a thick-walled cylindrical projecting portion 150a is trained. This section above 150a has the same structure as that obtained by using the (in 14A shown) projecting section 130a or the (in 16A shown) projecting section 140a is changed so that it is cylindrical.

In the previous section 150a Through holes (not shown) formed at twelve positions of equal intervals on a circumferential line at the base end of the projecting portion, which are similar to those in FIG 14A shown through hole 130c are. That is, the above plural through holes each correspond to a plurality of strip conductors described later 153 . 153 The reason that the through holes at the twelve positions are formed with equal intervals on a circumferential line here is that twelve sectors are provided, that is, the number of through holes is determined according to the number of sectors.

The reference number 151 denotes a ground plane formed by coating the surface of the protruding portion 150a made of dielectric material 150 has been formed with a thin layer of dielectric material. The previous section 150a and the thin layer of the ground plane 151 on the previous section 150a is formed, act as a reflective plate 152 like the in 14A shown reflecting plate 132 , The stripline 153 . 153 , ... are as a thin layer of dielectric material on the back (ie on the surface side of 19 ) as radiating from the center O from.

The width of this strip conductor 153 . 153 , ... is smaller than the width (ie the inner diameter) of the above section 150a trained through holes. The reference numerals 154 . 154 , ... designate several Antennenbau elements, at each of the strip conductors 153 . 153 , ... corresponding position are provided vertically in such a way that the upper portion of each antenna device from the surface of the dielectric material 150 protrudes. The lower portion of each antenna device 154 is with one end of each stripline 153 electrically connected.

The ground plane 151 looks similar here as the like in 14A shown ground plane 131 as the common ground for the stripline 153 . 153 , ... and for the antenna components 154 . 154 , ... The reference number 155 denotes a sector switch which performs switching control to the antenna devices 154 . 154 , ... to supply.

Apart from the fact that the supply states with respect to the antenna components 154 . 154 , ... through the sector switch 155 are controlled and switched, the operations of the antenna employing a strip line are similar to those of the seventh embodiment as in FIG 14A shown antenna (which uses a stripline); thus, explanations thereof are omitted.

As explained above, the ground plane 151 according to the antenna using the strip line, in the seventh embodiment of the present invention as a common ground for the strip conductors 153 . 153 , ... and for the antenna components 154 . 154 , ... be used; thus, the present antenna with fewer molds for metal mold casting can be compared with that in FIGS 25A and 25B shown antenna with the triplate structure can be easily produced.

In the above explanations for the antenna using a strip line, the seventh embodiment is as shown in FIG 19 shown above section 150a provided several through holes. However, the embodiment is not limited to this formation and may be formed in a plurality of sections on the peripheral surface of the cylindrical protruding portion 150a as in the case of how in 16A shown above section 140a be formed a plurality of slots. In this case, effects similar to those of the antenna using a strip line as shown in FIG 16A is shown to be obtained.

Eighth embodiment of an antenna with a distinctive stripline

The following is based on 20 a structure according to the eighth embodiment explained, which refers to an antenna with a characteristic stripline. 20 Fig. 10 is a rear view showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the eighth embodiment.

In 20 carry the same parts as those in 19 The same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted here. In 20 are in place of the stripline 153 . 153 , ... and the antenna components 154 . 154 , ... stripline 156 . 156 , ..., quarter-wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , ... and antenna components 158 . 158 , ... intended.

In the 20 shown strip lines 156 . 156 , ... are formed by coating the backside (ie the surface side of this figure) of the dielectric material 150 with thin layers of dielectric material formed in such a way that the strip lines radiating from the center 0 out. The width of this strip conductor 156 . 156 , ... is smaller than the width of the multiple through holes, in the previous section 150a are formed, and the length of the strip conductor is smaller than that of the in 19 shown stripline 153 . 153 , ...

The quarter wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , ... are as extended strip lines 156 . 156 ... on the back of the dielectric material 150 educated. The reference numerals 158 . 158 , ... denote antenna components, at each position, which correspond to the quarter-wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , ..., are provided vertically in such a manner that an upper portion of each antenna device is separated from the surface of the dielectric material 150 protrudes from. The lower portion of each of the antenna devices 158 . 158 , ... is at one end of each of the quarter-wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , ... electrically connected. These quarter wavelength circuits 157 are here provided to have a matching condition between the characteristic resistance of the stripline 156 and the impedance of the antenna device 158 as an end.

On the other hand, the ground plane works 151 as common ground for the strip lines 156 . 156 , ..., for the quarter wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , and for the antenna components 158 . 158 , ...

The Basic operations of the antenna using a stripline, the eighth embodiment almost similar that of the antenna using a stripline, the one above mentioned seventh embodiment; thus are explanations omitted from it.

As explained above, according to the antenna using a strip line, the eighth embodiment of the present invention can be the ground plane 151 as common ground for the strip lines 156 . 156 , ..., for the quarter wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , ... and for the antenna components 158 . 158 , ... be used; thus, the present invention can be easily manufactured as compared with the conventional antenna having the triplate structure using less molds for metal mold casting.

In the antenna using a strip line of the eighth embodiment, as in the case of the antenna using a strip line, the seventh embodiment may be used instead of the plural through holes in the peripheral portions on the peripheral side of the cylindrical protruding portion 150a several slots may be provided. In this case, effects similar to those as shown in FIG 16A shown antenna using a stripline can be obtained.

Ninth embodiment an antenna with a distinctive stripline

In the following, with respect to an antenna having a characteristic stripline, referring to FIG 21A and 21B a structure according to the ninth embodiment explained. 21A and 21B FIG. 15 is rear views showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the ninth embodiment, in which 21A and 21B Parts that are equal to those in 19 are, wear the same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted here.

In the 21A and 21B are z. For example, the positions of the through holes (or slots) in the protruding section 150a and the positions of the strip conductors 153 . 153 , ... of the in 19 shown different.

That is, in 21A and 21B are similar to the antenna that uses stripline as in the 17 or 18 is shown in each section, which is offset from an orientation opposite to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation with respect to the radiators, slits or more through holes provided.

On the other hand, in 21A the (near the other ends of the stripline 153 existing) connections of the (as in 19 shown) sector switch 155 and the stripline 153 . 153 , ... as thin layers, each at a predetermined angle counterclockwise in the figure in the transverse direction, formed.

In contrast, in 21B the positions of the terminals (which are near the other ends of the stripline 153 are present) of (as in 19 shown) sector switch 155 not changed, only the stripline 153 . 153 , ... each at a predetermined angle counterclockwise Direction in the figure in the transverse direction formed as thin layers.

As explained above, according to the structure of the antenna using a strip line, in the ninth embodiment of the present invention, not in each section (above section 150a ) corresponding to an orientation opposite to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation with respect to the radiators, through-holes (or slits) are provided; thus, influences caused by the through holes (or slits) on the antenna characteristics can be reduced as compared with the antenna using a strip line of the seventh embodiment.

Tenth embodiment an antenna with a distinctive stripline

The following is based on the 22A and 22B A structure according to the tenth embodiment with respect to an antenna having a characteristic strip line explained. The 22A and 22B FIG. 15 is rear side views showing the structure of the antenna with a strip line of the tenth embodiment, in which 22A and 22B Parts that are equal to those in 20 are, wear the same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted here.

In the 22A and 22B are z. As the positions of the through holes (or slots), the strip lines 156 and the quarter-wavelength matching circuits 1 57 compared to 20 different.

That is, in 22A and 22B are similar to the antenna that uses stripline as in 17 or 18 is shown in each section (above section 150a ) offset to an orientation opposite to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation with respect to the radiators, slits or plural through-holes are provided.

On the other hand, in 22A Connections (which are near the other ends of the stripline 156 are provided) of (as in 20 shown) sector switch 155 , Stripline 156 . 156 , ... and quarter wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , ... formed as thin layers, which are offset transversely by a predetermined angle counterclockwise in the figure.

In contrast, in 22B the positions of (near the other ends of the stripline 156 existing) connections of the (as in 20 shown) sector switch 155 not changed, only the stripline 156 . 156 , ... and the quarter wavelength matching circuits 157 . 157 , ... each formed at a predetermined angle counterclockwise in the figure in the transverse direction as thin layers.

As explained above, according to the structure of the antenna using a strip line, in the tenth embodiment of the present invention, not in each portion (the projecting portion 150a ) corresponding to an orientation opposite to the direction R of the maximum microwave radiation with respect to the radiators, through-holes (or slits) are provided; thus, influences caused by the through holes (or slits) on the antenna characteristics can be reduced as compared with the antenna using a strip line of the eighth embodiment.

in the Following are procedures for the production of an antenna with a reflecting plate, in the slots or through holes are provided explained.

If Slots in a reflecting plate as a part of the Antenna are provided, the direction of the slots corresponds to this one or more parasitic components. thats why in lines perpendicular to a ground plane no concave or convex Watch section, so it is enough to form one only direction to pull. Accordingly, the number of for the production antennas necessary forms as in the methods described above for easy manufacture one.

• (1) Nachdem eine Antenne ohne ein Loch wie in 2A oder dergleichen gezeigt geformt worden ist, werden unter Verwendung eines Werkzeugs wie etwa einer Schneidemaschine Durchgangslöcher erzeugt und wird die Antenne plattiert.
• (2) Nachdem eine Antenne ohne ein Loch wie in 2A oder dergleichen gezeigt geformt worden ist, werden unter Verwendung einer zweiten Form Durchgangslöcher erzeugt und wird die Antenne plattiert.
• (3) Der erste Abschnitt (siehe Bezugszeichen 170 in 26B), der aus Stegen und einer reflektierenden Platte mit Durchgangslöchern besteht, und der zweite Abschnitt (siehe Bezugszeichen 171 in 26B), der aus einer Masseebene und aus parasitären Elementen besteht, werden jeweils unter Verwendung zweier Formen ausgebildet und daraufhin kombiniert und die kombinierten Abschnitte werden plattiert.

If through-holes are provided in a reflective plate, one of the following three manufacturing methods may be used.

• (1) After an antenna without a hole as in 2A or the like, through holes are formed using a tool such as a cutting machine, and the antenna is plated.
• (2) After an antenna without a hole as in 2A or the like, through holes are formed using a second mold, and the antenna is plated.
• (3) The first section (see reference numeral 170 in 26B ), which consists of webs and a reflecting plate with through holes, and the second section (see reference numeral 171 in 26B ) consisting of a ground plane and parasitic elements are each formed using two shapes and then combined and the combined sections are plated.

If, for the manufacture of multi-sector circular antennas with through holes, the above method ( 2 ), a divided portion (as a quarter or the like, as in FIG 26A 10) can be made using a first mold for easy drawing, and then become through holes using a second mold 160 educated. After these processes, the two sections are combined to form a circular shape. In this way, the shapes can be pulled easily.

If in the above manufacturing method ( 3 ), the combination is further characterized by (i) the use of solder, (ii) the use of conductive adhesive, or (iii) the prior formation of a portion into which the remaining portion is done and fitting the remainder Section executed in the previously formed section (as one piece).

To The above manufacturing processes are strip lines and the like designed to complete an antenna.

The shape of the ground plane of the antenna can here (as in 14A or 16A shown) a rectangle, (as in 19 etc.) is a circle or (as in 5A etc.) is a fan.

As explained above can be done by providing one or more through holes in a protruding section, assume that the thickness of the dielectric material over all areas are fixed with respect to the strip conductors; Consequently can except easy manufacturing the characteristic impedance over all Areas are set. Therefore, the reflection and the Loss of electromagnetic waves as transmission media even then be reduced when in the dielectric material a very thick protruding section is present.

By Providing multiple slots in a protruding section can also assume that the thickness of the dielectric material over all Regions is fixed in relation to the strip conductor; Consequently The characteristic impedance can be set over all ranges become. Thus, the Reflection and the loss of electromagnetic waves as transmission media in this case also be reduced, if in the dielectric material, a very thick protruding portion is present is.

Furthermore can by providing one or more through holes or Slits in a reflective plate the thickness of the dielectric Materials are assumed to be electrically fixed. Thus acts the ground plane as the common ground for the antenna components and for the Stripline. Furthermore can the antennas compared to the antenna with a triplate structure using of less forms for the metal mold casting lightly getting produced.

on the other hand can by providing one or more through holes or Slots in each position, opposing with an orientation to the direction of maximum radiation from each antenna device emitted electromagnetic waves does not overlap, through the through holes or Slots caused influences be reduced to the antenna characteristics.

Antenna consisting of several antenna units with different operating frequencies

In Recently, wireless high-speed LANs have attracted attention drawn as shown in Table 1, various Frequencies such as 19 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60 GHz become.

If a narrow-sectored multi-sector antenna focusing on any several frequencies, such as "5 GHz and 19 GHz "or" 19 GHz and 60 GHz "refers to as one single antenna can be realized, so can the usefulness for the terminal users be improved and can Constructions for the formation of base stations are reduced.

Accordingly, in the following, with respect to antennas having the above-mentioned structure, Figs easy manufacturing embodiments explained in which antenna units are included with different operating frequencies in the antenna.

27A and 27B show the first embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, that is, an example of an antenna using common frequencies. 27A is a perspective view while 27B a top shows.

These Antenna operates at both a first, lower frequency f1 as well as a second, higher one Frequency f2, this antenna being a 6 sector antenna for the frequency f1 and consists of another 6-sector antenna for the frequency f2.

The reference numerals 201 denote in the 27A and 27B Elements operating at the first frequency f1, which in this first embodiment one with the reference numeral 223 designated monopoly Yagi-Uda antenna correspond. The reference number 225 denotes one or more webs in this monopoly-Yagi-Uda antenna, wherein this one or more webs simultaneously as one or more reflector (s) 203 an angle reflector antenna as the second sector antenna operating at the frequency f2 acts.

The reference number 202 denotes one or more radiating elements of the second sector antenna, the reference numeral 224 denotes a ground plane and the reference numeral 226 denotes a cylindrical reflector. On the other hand, the reference numeral "2r" denotes the diameter of the ground plane 224 , reference character "2s" denotes the diameter of the cylindrical reflector 226 , reference numeral "gl" denotes the ground plane length (ie, a distance from the cylindrical reflector 226 to one end of the ground plane), the reference character "la" denotes an array length, the reference character "lr" denotes the land length, and the reference character "hr" denotes the land height. These definitions are also used with reference to the further drawings explained later.

The "angle reflector antenna" here means an antenna with a radiator 202 and with two to this spotlight 202 neighboring bridges 203 ,

The horizontal beam width is set in the monopole Yagi-Uda antenna according to the array length la, while the vertical beam width according to the ground plane length is adjusted.

If the length of the bridge 203 in the angle reflector antenna corresponds to the wavelength specified according to the radio frequency used, the beam width can be determined according to the corner angle ( 3 be set. However, this setting is made using the corner angle using the length and height of the bridge 203 executed, if the length of the web 203 is less than the wavelength. In addition, in the angle reflector antenna, the arc length "cl" affecting an aperture range is changed according to the operating frequency.

If z. At the first, lower frequency f1 of 5 GHz and at the second, higher Frequency f2 of 19.5 GHz, the land length lr 0.5 times as long as the wavelength at the frequency f1, the length at the frequency f2 becomes 1.95 times as long as the wavelength. Here is an example where the web length lr is 0.5 times as long as the wavelength at the frequency f1; However, it is necessary, the web length and the like considering the for to determine each antenna assumed frequencies.

28A and 28B show the second embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, this being an example of an antenna using two types of common frequencies. 28A shows an example in which the as in 27A and 27B shown monopole Yagi-Uda antenna is used for components of a sector antenna, which operates at a first frequency, wherein the diameter 2s of the cylindrical reflector of the in the 27A and 27B different case is shown. In this way, the arc length c i affecting the aperture area of the second sector antenna can be changed according to the frequency.

That is, as in 28B is shown, it is possible to change the corner angle of an antenna (an antenna device) made of the angle reflector antenna by changing the diameter 2s of the cylindrical reflector of β (see 27B ) to β 'while the corner angle α of an antenna (an antenna device) is set as a constituent of the monopole Yagi-Uda antenna.

In addition, wear in the 28A and 28B Parts that are equal to those in the 27A and 27B are the same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted. In addition, in the following drawings, parts which are already explained carry the same reference numerals and their explanations are omitted.

29A and 29B show the third embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, which is also an example of an antenna that uses two types of common frequencies. 29A and 29B show an example in which an antenna with the second operating frequency, a horn 227 is. 29A FIG. 12 shows an example in which antennas operating at two frequencies are both of the 6 sector type during FIG 29B shows that these antennas are both of the 8 sector type. In either case, the side surface of the horn radiator also acts as a side surface of the monopole Yagi-Uda antenna.

"Horn" means here one Antenna, a radiator, two bars adjacent to the radiator and a metal cap covering the two webs comprises. In addition, can the beam width of the horn according to a range of the aperture of the horn. In addition, by changing the longitudinal and the transverse length at the aperture different radiation patterns are obtained. Accordingly are the specification values for the horns determined in view of these points.

30 shows the fourth embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, this is also an example of an antenna that uses two types of common frequencies. The antenna in 30 has the same structure as the one in 19A and 19B shown, being here in the horn 227 operating at the second frequency, a dielectric material 204 is provided. Although the sizes of each land or cylinder diameter 2s In accordance with the present invention, by adjusting the thickness or relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material 204 at a desired frequency, a desired beam width can be realized.

In addition, can In addition, in the angle reflector antenna, a desired beam width at a desired Frequency be realized that a dielectric material is provided and the thickness or the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material is adjusted.

31 shows the fifth embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, which is also an example of an antenna using two types of common frequencies. 31 FIG. 12 shows an example in which a sector antenna operating at the second frequency is an angle reflector type, with control to obtain a desired beamwidth at a desired frequency by providing one or more of the reference numerals 205 designated metallic webs is realized.

Of the Adjustment of beam width is made here by preparing metallic Webs of the most suitable length with respect to a circumferential direction of the antenna and by adjusting the number of lands and the length of each metallic web in one direction with respect to the radiators (i.e. H. the width of each land).

In The horn beam, the beam width can also here on similar Be set using metallic webs.

32 shows the sixth embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, which is also an example of an antenna using two types of common frequencies. 32 shows an example in which a sector antenna operating at the second frequency is an angle reflector type, the second sector antenna also being parasitic components 206 having. According to the above structure, a control for obtaining a desired beam width at a desired frequency is carried out.

The beam width is set here as follows. The heights of the parasitic components 206 and the spotlight 202 are set to about 1/4 times the wavelength with respect to a desired frequency. As the diameter of each element becomes longer, the corresponding height is set slightly smaller than "1/4 wavelength" to make the device resonant at the desired frequency. In addition, the height of the parasitic device 206 smaller than that of the spotlight 202 adjusted so that electrical waves from the spotlight 202 on the parasitic device 206 can be transmitted. As described above, the length of each device refers to its operating frequency.

Regarding The beam width will be the radiation patterns in the horizontal and in the conical plane by providing the parasitic devices narrower. In this case, the degree of sharpness becomes according to the number of parasitic components changed, d. h., the higher the number of parasitic Components is, the narrower the beam width.

Besides that is it's possible in the horn, the length each radiator 1/4 times as long as the wavelength with respect to an operating frequency adjust and adjust to achieve one for the desired frequency suitable beam width by providing spotlights or parasitic Execute components.

33 Figure 7 shows the seventh embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, also being an example of an antenna using two types of common frequencies. 33 shows an example in which the first sector antenna operating at the first frequency has 6 sectors, while the second sector antenna operating at the second frequency has 3 sectors. In this case, to cover the circumferential direction (ie 360 °) at each frequency, it is preferable that the half-power in the horizontal plane of the first sector antenna is 60 ° (ie 360 ° / 6 sectors), while the half-power in the horizontal plane is the second sector antenna should preferably be 120 ° (ie 360 ° / 3 sectors).

34 shows the eighth embodiment of an antenna consisting of antenna units with different operating frequencies, this being an example of an antenna using three types of common frequencies. 34 shows an example in which the first, 6-sector antenna (antenna unit) operating at the first frequency, the second, 3-sector antenna (antenna unit) operating at the second frequency, and the third, 3-sector antenna (denoted by the reference numeral 207 designated antenna unit) operating at the third frequency are realized as a single antenna. According to the present invention, the number of common frequencies is not limited to "two" but may be as in 34 is shown, any number can be assumed.

In order to obtain the half-power of 120 °, in terms of 34 using reflectors whose physical magnitudes are the same and whose electrical magnitudes are different with respect to the sector antennas of the second and third frequencies, at one of the frequencies control is performed as shown in the above-mentioned embodiments, ie at least one of (i) a dielectric material, (ii) metal lands, and (iii) parasitic devices, or a distance between each emitter and reflector may be adjusted. According to the present invention, a common frequency antenna can be realized which has any number of sectors and uses any number of operating frequencies.

Below are in the 35A and 35B in terms of in the 27A and 27B shown antenna explained above calculation results using the moment method with the parameters shown in the following "Table 1".

35A shows the radiation pattern in a horizontal plane with respect to the lower frequency f1, while 35B shows the radiation pattern in a horizontal plane with respect to the higher frequency f2. TABLE 1 SYMBOL DEFINITION PARAMETER f1 lower frequency f1: f2 = 1: 2 f2 higher frequency λ _f1 Wavelength of frequency f1 λ _f2 Wavelength of the frequency f2 2r Diameter of the ground plane 3.9 λ _n 2s Diameter of the cylinder 1.1 λ _n gl Ground plane length 2.8 λ _n la Array length 1.0 λ _n Mr Height of the reflector 0.39 λ _n lr land length 0.52 λ _n

In this example, the ratio of the lower frequency f1 to the higher frequency f2 is set to "1 to 2". The present antenna operates at the lower frequency f1 as a monopole Yagi array antenna, and also operates at the higher frequency f2 using the lands as angle reflectors as an angle reflector antenna. As in the 35A and 35B is shown, sector beams with a beam width of 60 ° at -3 dB can be obtained at each frequency.

It Here, a method for producing a sector antenna for several common frequencies using different operating frequencies explained. In such an antenna, the sections become like the ground plane, parasitic Components, the reflective plate and the bars as in the case the above-described antenna for easy manufacture using molded into a single mold and then clad. If one Sector is provided as a horn, one of a metallic plate prepared cap, the two covering adjacent webs. additionally can if necessary, metallic webs or a dielectric in the production Material to be provided.

There the sector antenna for several common frequencies, consisting of several antenna units with different operating frequencies, the structure explained above can, for. B. by using the in a multi-sector monopoly Yagi-Uda antenna with the first operating frequency webs contained as reflectors an angle reflector antenna of the second operating frequency used An antenna with 2 common frequencies will be realized.

A another antenna with 2 common frequencies can thereby realized be that in a thin one Sector antenna with webs containing the first operating frequency used as part of a horn with the second operating frequency become.

The Webs of the multi-sector monopole Yagi-Uda antenna are here for control unwanted radiation from one next Array provided. To the original ones Characteristics that the Yagi-Uda antenna possesses, not to damage, is the length but the webs preferably about 0.5 times as high as the wavelength, d. H. a length, which is suitable for covering a radiator.

in the In contrast, with regard to the angle reflector, the Directional effect becomes narrower the longer the angular length is. In the present invention can using the antenna with the higher operating frequency than the second sector antenna the webs whose electrical lengths short enough for Operations at the lower frequency are also reflectors used, their electrical lengths for operations at the higher frequency are long enough.

Furthermore can according to the sector antenna with several common frequencies, which consists of several antenna units with different operating frequencies, even if the length of the Stages according to the first Frequency limited is for the second multi-sector antenna desired Characteristics (such as a beam width) are assigned, by the second multi-sector antenna with the dielectric material, is provided with metallic webs and with parasitic components.

On the other hand, the function of each monopole device corresponds to that of a parasitic device with the first frequency, but omitted at the second frequency. This is because when the second frequency is low (ie, the wavelength is high), the monopole device is small enough to be omitted with respect to the wavelength, while when the second frequency is high (ie, the wavelength is low), a corresponding gap between the monopole devices is electrically very large and these elements do not interact with each other. Thus, using such monopole devices as parasitic devices, fixed size reflecting plates can be used for two or more kinds of common frequencies or for any frequency ratio.

Besides, too the present antenna, which consists of several antenna units different operating frequencies, as described above Techniques regarding strip lines are added.

As explained above was, according to the antenna, which consists of several antenna units with different operating frequencies exists, a sector antenna for sharing multiple frequencies without modification the size of one usual thin Sector antenna can be easily realized. Consequently, it is through Detecting the present antenna type possible to reduce base stations and reducing the size of a terminal wireless LAN in which several types of services are provided and can be used to improve.

As explained above was, can according to the antenna with a structure in the protruding sections in a single Direction are provided, easily small and thin antennas are made, the desired antenna capabilities suffice.

If for the Basic antenna (with the above structure for easy production) also uses one or more characteristic strip lines it is out of the question easy production possible, the reflection and the loss of electromagnetic waves as a transmission medium to reduce.

If such an antenna having the above two features is further changed so that they have multiple antenna units with different operating frequencies contains An antenna can be realized that is easily manufactured can and works at multiple frequencies.

Claims (27)

Antenna having a basic structure, comprising: a first plate-shaped dielectric material ( 1 ); a cylindrical element ( 6 ) provided on one side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material; several second plate-shaped elements ( 5 ) radially provided on the outer surface of the cylindrical member, an end face of each second plate-shaped member being in contact with the surface of the first plate-shaped dielectric material; and groups of pole elements ( 4 ) perpendicular to the surface of the first plate-shaped dielectric material and formed by recessing respective portions of the first plate-shaped dielectric material, the group extending radially from the outer surface of the cylindrical member, and wherein the pole elements in each group are aligned each group being present between two spatial directions of the two adjacent second plate-shaped elements; wherein the basic structure is formed using a dielectric material using one or more metal molds; wherein the surface of one side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material ( 1 ) and the surfaces of the cylindrical element, the second plate-shaped elements and the pole elements with a conductive coating ( 17 ) are coated by which the first plate-shaped dielectric material ( 1 ), the cylindrical element, the second plate-shaped elements and the pole elements as a ground plane ( 2 . 131 ), as a reflector ( 6 ; 132 ), as webs ( 5 . 225 ) or as parasitic components ( 4 ) serve; and wherein on an extension of each line on which a group of the parasitic components is present at the ground plane, and between the innermost parasitic device ( 4 ) and the outer surface of the reflector ( 4 ) a radiator ( 8th . 8b . 9 . 202 ), and wherein: a plurality of through holes ( 130c . 130e ) having a first width in a transverse direction at a plurality of positions at equal intervals on a peripheral line at the base of the reflector (Fig. 6 ; 132 ) are provided; every through hole ( 130c . 130e ) is formed in such a way that the lower side of the through hole ( 130c . 130e ) and the surface of the ground plane are coplanar and the lower side is a conductive Be coating is coated; and several strip lines ( 153 . 156 ) on the back of the ground plane below each through hole ( 130c . 130e ), wherein the width of each stripline is smaller than the first width, the supply being provided by connecting each stripline (16) 153 . 156 ) with the corresponding radiator ( 154 . 158 ) he follows. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the ground plane ( 2 ) is circular or polygonal and the reflector ( 6 ) is arranged in a central portion of the ground plane. Antenna according to claim 1, wherein the ground plane ( 2 ) is fan-shaped and one side of the reflector ( 6 ) which is in contact with the ground plane, is arcuate or has the shape of a polygon section. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein each radiator ( 9 ) has a structure in which an inner conductor of a coaxial line from a hole formed in the ground plane ( 3 ) and the coaxial line at the ground plane ( 2 ) is attached via an outer conductor of the coaxial line. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein each radiator ( 8b ) is formed by removing a corresponding portion of the dielectric material as a ground plane and making a hole in the recessed portion, and by providing a conductive material in the hole. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of each of the radiators ( 9 ) and the parasitic components ( 4 ) with a hardening material ( 13 ) is coated. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein a stripline ( 16 ) at the back of the ground plane ( 2 ) is provided and a supply by connecting the stripline ( 16 ) with the radiators ( 8th . 8b ) he follows. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein between each stripline ( 156 ) and the corresponding radiator ( 158 ) a quarter wavelength matching circuit ( 157 ) is inserted. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein each through-hole (FIG. 130e ) is disposed in a position opposite to a direction of maximum radiation of one of each radiator (FIG. 154 ) radiated electric wave is offset. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein: instead of the through-holes (FIG. 130c . 130e ) several slots ( 140c ) are provided at a plurality of positions at equal intervals on a peripheral line at the base of the reflector; and several strip lines ( 153 . 156 ) are formed at the rear of the ground plane below the reflector, the supply being provided by connecting each strip conductor ( 153 . 156 ) with the corresponding radiator ( 154 . 158 ) he follows. Antenna according to claim 10, wherein between each stripline ( 156 ) and the corresponding radiator ( 158 ) a quarter wavelength matching circuit ( 157 ) is inserted. An antenna according to claim 10, wherein each slot ( 140c ) is disposed only in a position offset from an orientation opposite to a direction of maximum radiation of an electric wave radiated from each radiator. The antenna of claim 1, wherein: an antenna switch is provided to switch between a plurality of antennas, each antenna being mounted in an area surrounded by the two adjacent lands and by a portion of the reflector; a plurality of sets of antenna units are mounted on the same ground plane, each group having a different operating frequency and the antennas belonging to each group operating at the same operating frequency; and each antenna and the next antenna one of the webs ( 203 . 225 ) own and use together. An antenna according to claim 13, wherein an antenna belonging to at least one of the plurality of antennae groups consists of a radiator ( 202 ) consists. An antenna as claimed in claim 13, wherein an antenna belonging to at least one of the plurality of antennae consists of a series of monopole devices ( 201 ) consisting of a radiator ( 202 ) and are constructed several parasitic elements. An antenna according to claim 13, wherein an antenna belonging to at least one of the plurality of antennae is an angular reflector antenna consisting of a radiator ( 202 ) and two of the bridges ( 203 ) leading to the radiator ( 202 ) are adjacent. An antenna according to claim 13, wherein an antenna belonging to at least one of the plurality of antenna groups comprises a horn ( 227 ), which consists of a radiator ( 202 ), two of the ribs adjacent to the radiator and a metal cap covering the two ribs. An antenna according to claim 16, wherein the angular reflector antenna contains a dielectric material. Antenna according to claim 17, wherein the horn ( 227 ) a dielectric material ( 204 ) contains. An antenna according to claim 16, wherein the angle reflector antenna comprises a metallic ridge (16). 205 ) contains. Antenna according to claim 17, wherein the horn ( 227 ) contains a metallic web. An antenna according to claim 16, wherein the angular reflector antenna a parasitic Component contains. An antenna according to claim 17, wherein the horn radiator a parasitic Building contains. A method of manufacturing an antenna having a basic structure, comprising: a first plate-shaped dielectric material ( 10 ); a cylindrical member having one end side in contact with one side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material; a plurality of second plate-shaped members radially provided on the outer surface of the cylindrical member, one end face of each second plate-shaped member being in contact with the surface of the first plate-shaped dielectric material; and a plurality of plurality of pole elements which are perpendicular to the surface of the first plate-shaped dielectric material and formed by removing respective portions of the first plate-shaped dielectric material, the groups radiating from the outer surface of the cylindrical element and the plurality of pole elements in each group a line are arranged, each group between two spatial directions of the two adjacent second plate-shaped elements are present; the method comprising the steps of: forming the framework using a dielectric material using one or more metal molds; Coating the surface of one side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material and the surfaces of the cylindrical member, the second plate-shaped members and the pole members with a conductive coating by plating; and providing a radiator ( 8th . 8b ) on an extension of the line on which the plurality of pole elements are arranged in each group, on the relevant side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material and between the innermost element and the plurality of pole elements on a line and the outer surface of the cylindrical element, wherein: a plurality Through holes ( 130c . 130e ) are provided with a first width in a transverse direction at a plurality of positions with equal intervals on a circumferential line at the base of the reflector; every through hole ( 130c . 130e ) is formed so that the lower side of the through hole ( 130c . 130e ) and the surface of the ground plane are coplanar and the lower side is coated with a conductive coating; and several strip lines ( 153 . 156 ) on the back of the ground plane below each through hole ( 130c . 130e ), wherein the width of each stripline is smaller than the first width, and wherein the supply by connecting each stripline ( 153 . 156 ) with the corresponding radiator ( 154 . 158 ) he follows. The method of claim 24, wherein each radiator ( 8th ) in a hole ( 3 ) located at a predetermined position in the relevant side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material ( 1 ) is formed, inserted and secured therein. The method of claim 24, wherein each radiator ( 8b by removing a corresponding portion of the relevant side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material and forming a Hole is formed in the recessed portion and by providing a conductive material in the hole. The method of claim 24, further comprising the steps of providing a stripline (16). 16 by plating the other side of the first plate-shaped dielectric material and connecting the stripline (FIG. 16 ) with the radiator ( 8th . 8b ).