DE69637392T2 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL FIBERS - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

These This invention relates generally to the production of artificial produced fibers, and in particular in the field of production of artificial produced fibers using the techniques of meltblowing and coforming.

Background of the invention

In the manufacture of manmade fibers, the techniques of meltblowing, coforming and spunbonding have long been used to produce fibers for use in the production of nonwoven webs from the material. The 1a to 3b illustrate prior art machines that fabricate nonwoven webs using meltblowing and spunbonding techniques. In an additional manner, techniques of coforming according to the prior art are discussed in greater detail below.

The 1a to 1c illustrate a typical approach to making meltblown fibers. Regarding 1a , contains a funnel 10 a granulate made of plastic. An extruder 12 The plastic granules melt through a conventional heating arrangement to form a molten and extrudable composition which is meltblown 14 by the action of a rotating extruder screw (not shown) inside the extruder 12 is arranged, extruded. As in 1c is shown, the extrudable composition through the extrusion gap 28 to the opening 18 promoted. Form 14 and the gas supply conveyed therethrough are heated by a conventional arrangement (not shown).

1b illustrates the shape 14 in a greater detail. The summit 16 the form 14 contains a variety of openings 18 the melt-blown shape, which in a linear field across the page 16 are arranged. Regarding 1c , promote the feeds 20 and 21 a heated gas to the collection chambers 22 and 23 , The gas escapes through the passages 24 and 25 to converge and to form a gas stream which flows out of the opening 18 extruded filaments of polymer or plastic traps and dilutes to form a gas-borne stream of fibers 26 train as in 1a you can see.

The melt-blown mold 14 includes a mold element 36 with a base section 38 and a protruding central portion 39 , within which there is an extrusion gap 28 in fluid communication with the plurality of openings 18 extends, the outer ends thereof terminate at the top of the mold. The gas-borne stream of fibers 26 is projected onto a collector, which in the in 1a illustrated embodiment, an endless belt 30 includes, which has small openings and on rollers 31 is supported, and which may be equipped with one or more stationary vacuum chambers (not shown), which are arranged below the collection surface on which a nonwoven web 34 is formed of fibers. The collected and tangled fibers form a coherent network 34 , wherein a segment thereof in a basic view in 2 is shown. The network 34 can through a pair of pressure rollers 33 (shown in 1a ) from the belt 30 are removed, which squeeze the tangled fibers. The melt blowing apparatus according to the prior art according to 1a to 1c For example, in an optional manner, it may comprise a means for patterning, in the form of a patterned calender nip or ultrasonic embossing equipment (not shown), and the net 34 can then be recorded on a storage roller or supplied to subsequent steps of manufacture. Other means of embossing such as the nip between a calender and a corrugating roll may be used, or the embossing step may be omitted altogether.

3a illustrates a device 44 for producing spunbonded fibers according to the prior art. The spunbonding apparatus typically includes a fiber drawing unit 46 that over a endless belt 78 which is positioned on rollers 76 is stored. 3b illustrates the fiber draw unit in more detail. The fiber-drawing unit 46 includes upper air areas 48 and 50 and an elongate air chamber having an upper portion 52 , a middle section 54 and a lower portion or tailpipe 56 contains. The fiber draw unit also includes a first air collector 58 and an air inlet 60 from the first air collector 58 to the middle section 54 the fiber-drawing unit leads. In an additional way, a second air collector communicates 62 via an air inlet 64 also with the middle section 54 the fiber-drawing unit. The spinn adhesive device 44 contains as well a standard equipment for melting an extrudable plastic by molding into fibers 68 manufacture. In a typical manner, this equipment conveys a plastic supplied from a supply to a hopper extruder through a filter and finally through a mold to the fibers 68 to create.

High-speed air is collected by the collector 58 and 62 over inlets 72 respectively. 74 embedded in the fiber drawing unit. The addition of air to the fiber draw unit through the inlet 60 and the inlet 64 sucks air through the inlets 50 and 48 at. The air and the fibers then escape through the tailpipe 56 in the exit area 70 , In general, one pulls through the inlets 50 and 48 air introduced into the fiber drawing unit, the fibers 68 as they pass through the fiber draw unit. The drawn fibers are then placed on the endless belt 78 filed to a nonwoven web 80 train as in 3a you can see. roll 82 then can the nonwoven web then from the endless belt 78 remove and squeeze the tangled fibers further to help with the formation of the net. The network 80 is then bonded, such as by embossing with a calender and a corrugating roll, the embossing by means of ultrasound or other known techniques to produce the finished material.

It is well known in the art, a number of parameters processing in processes for Production of both meltblown and spunbonded Vary fibers to obtain fibers of desired properties to substances with the desired To create properties. However, the variety of techniques requires according to the state The technique for varying the properties of the fibers is more time consuming changes in machine construction or machining, such as changing molds or changing the plastics. Therefore, these techniques required that the production line was interrupted while the necessary changes accomplished which led to inefficiency when a new material was to work on.

The prior art has heretofore taught that various effects can be obtained by manipulating airflow near a fiber exit in equipment for making meltblown and spunbonded fibers. For example, Shambaugh teaches U.S. Patent No. 5,405,559 in that the air flow provided in the meltblowing process can be switched on and off in an alternating manner on both sides of the mold, thereby reducing the energy required to produce the meltblown fiber. However, this doctrine of Shambaugh has several disadvantages. In some circumstances, the complete shutdown of the air on either side tends to blow the liquefied plastic onto the air disks on the other side of the mold, thereby producing the machinery for usual air flow rates for production (especially with high melt flow rate (MFR) polymers). or other polymers used in a conventional manner in the manufacture of nonwoven webs).

Further would such techniques in a probable manner for deposition from plastic lumps or "shot" on the production network to lead, because the plastic while of the transition of the air flow from one side of the mold to the other only in one minimally impaired would become. Last, while The reference by Shambaugh teaches the air for the purpose of reducing the fiber size for one turning on and off the given flow is the main one Emphasis of this is that such switching by reducing the total airflow requirements in the meltblowing process energy saves. Furthermore, would the low frequencies taught by Shambaugh too a weak training on a high-speed machine to lead. Fibers produced as indicated in the examples, are coarser and have e.g. larger diameter as they do in a typical manner in commercial production be found by nonwoven fabric. Last Shambaugh teaches no Applicability of Selective Alteration of Airflow Properties for the change of fiber parameters in an environment for the production of spunbonded Fibers.

SU 1015013 discloses a method in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

Summary of the invention

These The invention provides a method and an apparatus for the production of fibers in accordance with method claim 1 and in accordance with device claim 32 ready.

In general, the present invention relates to an apparatus for molding artificial fibers by a process of meltblowing or coforming from a liquified plastic and forming a nonwoven web. The device comprises means for generating a substantially con continuous air flow to entrain the fibers along a primary axis, at least a first extrusion die positioned proximate to the air stream to extrude the liquefied plastic, and interfering with the flow of air by altering the air pressure on either side disturbing both sides of the primary axis in a selective manner.

The Device may also comprise a substrate which under the is disposed first form, a Substratversetzungsmittel to the Substrate in proportion to move the mold in motion, with the entrained fibers are deposited on the substrate to form a nonwoven web.

The The device may comprise a first inlet in air, which is connected to the first and second air collection chambers located on opposite Sides of the axis are arranged, is connected, with the outlets of the Collection chambers to a substantially continuous air flow to Dilute provide the fiber. The interfering agent may include a valve to control the air flow rate to the first and second to vary second collection chambers in a selective manner, to make a disturbance of the airflow for to provide the entrained fibers. In an additional Way, the disorder can of airflow by overlaying a disturbed one Secondary air inlet over the first air inlet can be achieved within the collecting chambers. In In an alternative manner, the interfering means may be first and second Pressure transducer, adjacent to or attached to the first and second Include collection chambers, and means for selectively activating the first and second pressure transducer to the pressure in the first and second second collection chambers in a selective manner to vary. In general, the interfering agent varies a pressure of a stationary Condition in the first and second collection chambers with a noise frequency from approximate less than 1000 hertz, and varies an average plenum pressure in the first and second collection chambers up to about 100% the total average plenum pressure in the absence the activation of the interfering agent.

The Apparatus may also comprise a fiber drawing unit which arranged under the first form and which is arranged to the primary Channel air flow therethrough. The fiber-drawing unit can at a top portion thereof, comprise a fiber inlet, to receive a fluid flow and there third entrained fibers, and an outlet for directing the air entrained fibers onto the air Add substrate. The device can also be a multiple Form assembly include to make several types of plastic in one simultaneous way to extrude, as well as means to others Add fibers or particles (coform).

The Device may also include first and second secondary and interfering air inlets, the on opposite Sides of the said axis and in the vicinity of the mold or the fiber drawing unit are arranged to the substantially continuous flow of Disturbing air in an alternating manner.

Brief description of the drawings

1a to 1c illustrate schematic representations of a prior art apparatus for producing meltblown fibers.

2 Figure 3 is a surface depiction of a nonwoven web made in accordance with prior art methods.

The 3a and 3b illustrate schematic representations of a prior art device for producing spunbonded fibers.

4 is a photograph of a surface of a nonwoven web made without disturbing the airflow.

5 Figure 11 is a photograph of a surface of a nonwoven web made in accordance with the present invention.

6a to 6d illustrate schematic representations of apparatus for producing meltblown fibers in accordance with the present invention.

7a to 7e illustrate schematic representations of embodiments of three-way valves, which can be used in accordance with the present invention are used.

8a and 8d illustrate a plenum pressure as a function of time for an apparatus for producing meltblown fibers according to the prior art.

8b to 8c illustrate a plenum pressure as a function of time for a device for producing meltblown fibers in accordance with the present invention.

9 Figure 11 illustrates a fiber diameter distribution for meltblown fibers made in accordance with the prior art.

10 Figure 9 illustrates a fiber diameter distribution for meltblown fibers made in accordance with the present invention.

11 Figure 4 illustrates a Frazier porosity as a function of disturbance frequency for a meltblown nonwoven web made in accordance with the present invention.

12 Figure 3 illustrates a hydrohead value (water column) as a function of disturbance frequency for a meltblown nonwoven web made in accordance with the present invention.

13 is a photograph of the surface of a nonwoven web made in the absence of air flow disturbance.

14 is a photograph of the surface of a nonwoven web made in accordance with the present invention.

15 Figure 11 illustrates a peak load as a function of the disturbance frequency of a nonwoven web of spunbonded fibers.

16 Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a coform device configured in accordance with the present invention.

17a - 17d and 19 illustrate various configurations of apparatus for making a nonwoven web of spunbonded fibers which are described herein for a better understanding of the present invention.

18a - 18f . 20a and 20b and 21a - 21d illustrate various configurations of secondary nozzles for use with the present invention.

22 and 23 FIG. 13 is x-ray diffraction scans of a prior art meltblown fiber and a fiber made in accordance with the present invention. FIG.

24 is a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) comparing the calorimetric properties of a prior art meltblown fiber and a fiber made in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed description the preferred embodiments

The following techniques are applicable to the methods of molding the meltblown, spunbonded and coform fibers. For the sake of clarity, the general principles of the invention will be discussed with reference to these techniques. The general description of the techniques and the specific application of this technique in the fields of meltblowing, spunbonding and coforming will now be described. For purposes of clarity, subheadings will be used in the following discussion below; however, these subheadings are for the purpose of clarity and should not be considered as limiting as to the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims. As used herein, the term "perturbation" means a small to moderate change, starting from the stationary flow of the fluid or the like, eg, up to 50% of the steady state flow, with no discontinuous flow to one side As used herein, the term "fluid" shall mean any liquid or gaseous medium; however, the preferred fluid is generally a gas, and especially air. In addition, the term _" plastic" as used herein refers to any type of liquid or material that can be liquefied to form fibers or nonwoven webs including, without limitation, polymers re, copolymers, thermoplastics, waxes and emulsions.

General description of the Procedure of the error of the air flow

As was described above, the production of fibers with various characteristics known in the art. However, the preferred embodiments provide the present invention Invention for a much larger area the variation in terms of the characteristics of the fiber and worry for one larger area the controller for forming various nonwoven web materials from such fibers, which techniques allow one to Characteristics of the case formed nonwoven web with a little or no interruption of the production process. The basic Technology involves disrupting the air used to pull the fibers out of the mold. In a preferred manner, the air flow in which the fiber migrates in an alternating fashion on opposite sides Sides of an axis parallel to the direction of the working path of the fiber disturbed. Therefore, the air stream carrying the forming fiber is disturbed, which to a fault the fiber during the shaping leads. The disorder the air flow in accordance with the methods and apparatus according to the present invention This invention can be used in the methods for the production by means of meltblowing and spun glue, but is not Restricted procedure.

in the Generally, the air flow can be in a variety of ways disturbed become; however, independently of the air flow disruption method used the disturbances two basic characteristics, namely the frequency and the Amplitude. The frequency of the fault can be calculated as the number of pulses provided on each page per Unit of time to be defined. As it is known, the frequency is in hertz (number of cycles per second) by specification time. The amplitude can also be determined by the percentage Increase or difference in air pressure (ΔP / P) × 100 in the disturbed flow compared to the stationary one Condition can be described. In an additional way can the amplitude of the disturbance as the percentage increase or the difference in the air flow rate while the disorder compared to the stationary one Condition can be described. Therefore, the primary variables that are caused by the new techniques of fiber forming can be controlled, the frequency the disorder and the amplitude of the disturbance. These techniques described below control these variables in a simple way. A final variable, which will be changed can, is the phase of the disorder. For the biggest part hereinafter becomes a 180 ° phase differential the disorder (i.e., a portion of the airflow on one side an axis parallel to the direction of the river is disturbed and subsequently becomes the other side disturbed in an alternating manner); however could that Phase difference between 0 ° to 180 ° be to any desired Result. Tests were performed, with the disorder being symmetrical is (in terms of phase) and where the phase relationships changed become. This change allows an even greater control over the fibers produced thereby and the resulting mesh or material.

The disorder the air flow and the fibers during The shaping has several positive effects on it shaped fiber. First you can the special characteristics of the fiber, like the strength and the ripple, by variation of the disorder be set. Therefore, in nonwoven web materials could improved material and tensile strengths by selecting the appropriate frequency of the fault and the amplitude of the disturbance to be obtained. An enlarged ripple in the fiber contributes to an enlarged volume in the nonwoven web, because the crimped fibers tend to to take up more space. In an additional way, seem provisional Determination of the characteristics of meltblown fibers, made in accordance with the present invention, compared to those using state-of-the-art techniques The technology has been manufactured to indicate that these are consistent different fibers made with the present invention crystalline characteristics and characteristics of heat transfer demonstrate. It is believed that such differences are due to heat transfer effects are attributed (including the deterrence), which results from the movement of the fibers in one turbulent air flow. It is further assumed that such Differences to the improved characteristics of the fibers and Nonwoven materials contribute in line with the techniques according to the present Invention are made. In an additional way leads the disorder the air flow also to an improved deposition of the fibers on the forming substrate, giving the strength and other properties the net formed thereby improves.

Further, because the variables of the frequency and the amplitude of the disturbance are controlled in a simple manner, the fibers of different characteristics can be made by varying the frequency and / or the amplitude. Therefore, it is possible to change the character of the nonwoven web produced during processing (or "in flight"). By this kind of attitude As a result, a single machine may produce nonwoven web fibers having different characteristics required by different product specifications while eliminating or reducing the need for substantial hardware or process changes, as discussed above. In an additional manner, the present invention does not exclude the use of conventional process control techniques to adjust the characteristics of the fiber.

Referring now to the 4 and 5 , enlarged photographs of meltblown webs made in accordance with prior art techniques (US Pat. 4 ) and in accordance with the present invention ( 5 ). As in 4 As can be seen, the individual fibers of the mesh are relatively linear. However, as in 5 As can be seen, the fibers in the mesh made in accordance with the techniques of the perturbation according to the present invention are significantly more curled and are not oriented in the same direction in a predominant manner. Therefore, as can be seen from the results described below, the nets made in accordance with the present invention tend to have a larger volume for a given weight and often have greater strengths in the machine direction and the cross direction (the machine direction is the direction of the machine direction) Movement relative to the forming form of the substrate on which the mesh is formed, the transverse direction is perpendicular to the machine direction). It is believed that the increase in crimping provides much more contact points for the fibers of the mesh, which will improve the strength of the mesh. As a comment, at first impression, it would seem that in the net according to 5 compared to those according to 4 much more and larger open spaces are available; however, the network has according to 5 in fact no more or more freedom than that according to 4 , Because the SEM photographs show these figures views of the top surface of the material, the enlarged volume of the mesh is according to 5 not to be seen in the photograph, and the volume manifests itself in a way that makes it appear as if there is a larger number of larger free spaces. In a reverse manner, because the network is in accordance with 4 has a smaller volume, a greater number of fibers of the mesh are arranged in the photograph, giving the appearance of fewer and smaller free spaces. As will be seen below, the barrier properties of the mesh made in accordance with the present invention can be selected to be superior to a mesh made in accordance with the prior art, demonstrating that the appearance of the free spaces in the photograph is 5 is misleading.

Applications of meltblowing

The 6a to 6d For example, various embodiments of the present invention employ alternating air pulses to direct the flow of air near the exit of a meltblowing die 59 disturb. Each embodiment of meltblowing in accordance with the present invention includes collector / collector devices 22 and 23 which are arranged in a diametrically opposite manner, and air passages 24 and 25 leading to a tip of the mold 59 lead to a stream of fibers in a jet 26 to create. The function according to the present invention is to maintain a steady flow and an alternating disturbance of the pressure on the stationary flow near the tip of a melt mold 59 to superimpose by increasing or decreasing the pressure of the collection devices 22 and 23 in an alternating manner. This technique provides controlled modifications in the gas-borne stream of fibers 26 safe, and therefore facilitates the regularity of the pressure fluctuations in the flow of fibers carried by a gas. In an additional manner, the relatively large steady state airflow relative to the amplitude of the airflow disturbance also serves to prevent the airborne stream of fibers from the air disks 40 and 42 is confused. The entrainment rate of the air from a nozzle structure (and therefore the rate of quenching) and the entanglement of the fiber are therefore modified in a preferred manner.

The 7a to 7d illustrate some examples of valves which control the pressure in the collection chambers 22 and 23 that in the 6a to 6d are shown increasing in an alternating manner. With reference to the 7a , is a fault valve 86 essentially composed of a division of a main air line 84 into the intake air lines 20 and 21 , In the immediate vicinity of the split, crosses a disc door 98 in an alternating manner, the entire width or part of the width of the bisection. This provides a means of restricting the flow of air into one of the air inlet ducts 20 and 21 in an alternating manner, thereby causing a fluctuation in the air pressure in the collecting devices 22 and 23 to overlay. In an alternative manner, an activator may oscillate the flap over the bifurcation in a mechanical manner to provide the appropriate fluctuation in the air pressure in the plenums 22 and 23 to create. The flap valve 98 can the division of the main 84 in an alternating manner simply by the turbulence of the air in the main line 84 Cross over using the natural frequency of the flap. The oscillation frequency of the valve 86 , this in 7 can be varied in a mechanical manner, by an activator which moves the flap back and forth, or by simply adjusting the length of the flap 98 to change the natural frequency of it.

7b illustrates a second embodiment of the fault valve 86 , This embodiment may be an engine 100 which is a shaft 102 set in rotation. The wave 102 can on a rotation disk 109 be fixed, which has a plurality of openings arranged thereon 108 having. Behind the rotation disk 109 is a stationary disk 104 arranged, which has a variety of openings 106 contains. Both disks can be mounted such that a flow through the openings of the fixed disk is realized only when the openings of the rotation disk 109 on the openings of the stationary disc 104 are aligned. The apertures on each disk may be arranged such that steady state flow can be increased in a periodically recurring manner as the apertures on each disk are aligned. The frequency of the increased flow can be controlled by a speed control of the engine 100 to be controlled.

7c illustrates yet another embodiment of the fault valve 84 , In this embodiment, a motor 100 in a rotating manner to a shaft 112 coupled, which is a butterfly valve 110 carries, which is essentially a slightly smaller cross section than the main air line 84 having. Turbulence, downstream of the rotating butterfly valve 110 can then be produced in an alternating manner increased air pressure in the air inlet ducts 20 and 21 and also in the air collection chambers 22 and 23 to achieve the flow conditions in accordance with the present invention.

7d illustrates yet another embodiment of a disturbance means 86 in accordance with the present invention. There is an engine 100 to a wave 112 and butterfly valves 110 and 114 inside the air intake pipes 20 respectively. 21 coupled. How out 7d you can see the butterfly valves 110 and 114 on the wave 112 Approximately 90 ° mounted offset from each other. In an additional way, each of the butterfly valves 110 and 114 openings 111 to provide a constant flow of air to each of the plenums while the pressure in each of the plenums 22 and 23 is increased in an alternating manner when the respective butterfly valve is in an open position.

7e illustrates yet another embodiment of the fault valve 86 , In this embodiment, an adjusting device 124 to a wave 122 coupled, which in turn to a piston 123 is mounted. The piston 123 includes channels 118 and 120 , which depends on the longitudinal position of the piston 123 each with the air inlet ducts 20 respectively. 21 communicate. Each of the channels 118 and 120 is in a fluid-conducting manner to the main channel 116 connected, which in turn in a fluid-conducting manner to the main air line 84 connected. In this embodiment, the fault valve 86 in an alternating manner increased air pressures in each of the collection chambers by reciprocating a rod 122 the adjusting device 124 to reach. In an additional way, the channels can 118 and 120 in a simultaneous manner to the main air line 84 be connected while the adjusting device 124 the piston 123 back and forth to an extent of overlap, and therefore a restriction of air flow, between the channels 118 and 120 and the wires 21 respectively. 22 to vary in order to increase pressures in the collection chambers in an alternating manner 22 respectively. 23 to obtain. The adjusting device 124 may include any known means of achieving such reciprocation. This may include, but is not limited to, pneumatic, hydraulic or solenoid means.

The 8a to 8d respectively illustrate air pressures in plenums in both the meltblowing apparatus of the prior art and the meltblowing apparatus in accordance with the present invention. As in 8a is to be seen, an air pressure in the collection chambers according to the prior art is substantially constant over time, whereas in the 8b and 8c the air pressure in the collection chambers is increased substantially in an oscillating manner. By way of example, the point at which the main pressure intersects the ordinate may be about 7 psig. 8d Figure 11 illustrates a prior art air pressure in the vicinity of an extrusion mold according to the prior art, where air is switched on and off. In this case, the main pressure hits the ordinate at approximately 0.5 psig, for example. The on / off control of the air flow according to the prior art, which in 8d is illustrated, is the blockage of the mold because of the intermittent flow, as explained above. In an additional manner, the on / off control of the air flow according to the prior art, which uses in 8d is illustrated (implemented by Shambaugh), a lower average pressure, a lower frequency and a lower pressure amplitude than the present invention. Although the in 8a However, if the airflow clogged characteristic is not conducive to the clogging of the mold, no control can be implemented with regard to fiber crimping or the characteristics of the mesh because the flux is nearly constant with respect to time.

The fault valve 86 can be arranged in a variety of arrangements to increase the flow in the collection chambers in an alternating manner 22 and 23 the meltblowing apparatus in accordance with the present invention. For example, the shows 6b another embodiment in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the main air line divides 84 a constant flow of air to the intake air ducts 20 and 21 on while a suitable airflow through a two-way valve 90 to the fault valve 86 is branched off. Therefore, in this embodiment, each of the collecting chambers includes 23 and 22 two inlets. The first inlet directs a substantially constant flow from the air inlet ducts 20 and 21 one. The second inlet of each collection chamber introduces the alternating flow into the chamber, thereby bypassing the oscillating flow with the constant flow from the conduits 20 and 21 to overlay. The amount of air branch from the branch valve 88 controls the amplitude of the pressure increase for the precise adjustment of the fiber characteristics, as described in more detail below, while the fault valve 86 the frequency controls.

6c illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the main air duct splits 84 in the air ducts 21 and 22 to an air pressure for the collecting chambers 22 and 23 provide. In an additional manner, an auxiliary air duct splits 92 at the fault valve 86 , The fault valve 86 then superimposes an increased in an alternating manner air pressure on the collection chambers 22 and 23 to achieve the oscillating flow conditions in accordance with the present invention. Here, the pressure controls the air line 92 the amplitude of the disturbance of the air pressure while the fault valve 86 controls the frequency of the disturbance as described above.

6d illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the main air duct splits 84 in intake air lines 20 and 21 leading to the collection chambers 22 respectively. 23 to lead. The increased pressure in the collection chambers in an alternating manner 22 and 23 can by pressure transducer 94 and 96 to be provided. The pressure transducers 94 and 96 are actuated by means of an electrical signal. For example, the pressure transducers may in fact be large speakers that receive an electrical signal to pulsate 180 degrees out of phase by the pressures in the collection chambers that are increased in an alternating manner 22 and 23 provide. However, any type of suitable pressure transducer may produce an increased airflow using any means of actuation. This may include, but is not limited to, electromagnetic means, hydraulic means, pneumatic means or mechanical means.

As previously discussed, all of those described above allow Embodiments the precise Control of the frequency of the fault and the amplitude of the disturbance, in a preferred manner without the operation of the fiber-forming Interrupting machinery. As will be described below, this allows ability for precise Control of the parameters of the fault the in proportion precise control the characteristics of the fibers and the net formed thereby. Typically there is a wide variety of fiber parameters, and while a special set of parameters for the production of one variety a nonwoven material, such as a filter material, may be desirable can, can produce a different set of fiber parameters a different kind of material, e.g. for disposable clothing, he wishes be.

For filter applications, if the material is e.g. in a preferred manner of fibers made with a small diameter. However, larger diameter fibers for others Materials desired be.

Furthermore, many end products are made up of layers of materials having a variety of characteristics. For example, disposable diapers generally consist of a wicking layer designed to wick moisture away from contact with a child's skin and to keep such moisture away. A middle and absorbent layer is used to retain moisture. Lastly, an outer barrier layer is desired to prevent the absorbed moisture from escaping Diaper runs out. The fiber characteristics for each layer of the diaper are different to achieve the specific functions of each type of material. With the present techniques, various portions of the mesh can be formed by varying the perturbation parameters with respect to time such that each ply of the diaper is formed into a nonwoven web in a sequential manner. Subsequently, the single net can be folded to provide the finished material formed in layers.

Sorbent structures for oil are, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,364,680 of Cotton, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For applications of oil sorbents, it is desirable to obtain a microfiber network which is oleophilic and of a volume in terms of a density of not more than about 0.1 g / cm ³ , in a preferred manner of not more than about 0 , 06 g / cm ³ . In general, lower densities are preferred, but densities below 0.01 g / cm ³ are difficult to handle. Such nets have the ability to absorb and retain oil in an amount at least about 10 times the weight of the net, in a preferred manner of at least about 20 times the weight of the net. For certain applications, it may be desirable to provide a treatment with one or more compositions to improve the wettability of aqueous fluids. Such treatments are known and are for example in the coordinated U.S. Patent No. 5,057,361 which is incorporated herein in its entirety. Previous attempts to make such nets by meltblowing techniques, while providing useful fine fiber materials, lacked the desired volume and absorptivity due to the manner in which the air streams applied the still tacky fibers to the forming surface to have.

Therefore, with the precise Control the characteristics of the fiber and the material the control of the characteristics of the disturbance is in the shaping of nonwoven webs a big Degree of flexibility possible. These Control allows again greater efficiency and the ability to design a larger area of materials, which with minor interruption of the manufacturing process can be produced.

One Disadvantage of the equipment meltblowing according to the state The technique is relative inability for precise Control of the diameter of the fibers produced thereby. The Forming the materials with special characteristics requires often a precise one Control over the diameter of the fibers that are used to form the nonwoven web train. With the technique of the disorder according to the present invention Is it possible, a much smaller variation in fiber diameter to accomplish, as it has with the techniques of the prior art so far was possible.

The 9 and 10 illustrate the fiber diameter distribution for samples resulting from the prior art meltblowing techniques and the meltblown fiber manufacturing technique in accordance with the embodiment of the meltblowing apparatus of FIG 6c are taken. 9 shows a distribution of the diameter in accordance with the prior art. 10 Figure 4 is a graph of fiber diameter distribution for meltblown fibers made in accordance with the inventive technique. The fiber distribution in 10 Figure 4 illustrates a sample of fiber diameter having a distribution centered at a peak between about 1 and 2 microns. Here, the narrow band of fiber distribution achieved by the method and apparatus of the disturbance illustrates the large extent to which the fiber diameter can be controlled only by changing the frequency of the disturbance or the amplitude of the disturbance.

11 Figure 4 illustrates the Frazier porosity of a meltblown nonwoven web made in accordance with the present invention as a function of the frequency of the disturbance in the collection chambers 22 and 23 , Frazier porosity is a standard measurement in the field of nonwoven webs of the rate of air flow per square foot through the material, and is therefore a measure of the permeability of the material (units are cubic feet per square foot per minute). For all samples, the procedure used to determine Frazier air permeability was performed in accordance with the specifications of Method 5450, Federal Test Methods Standard No. 191A, except that the sample sizes were 8 inches x 8 inches rather than 7 inch × 7 inches. The larger dimension made it possible to ensure that all sides of the pattern extended over the retaining ring, and facilitated the clamping of the pattern across the nozzle opening in a secure manner and in a uniform manner.

As in 11 In general Frazier porosity first falls to a minimum and then increases at a frequency of the disturbance from a steady state to approximately 500 Hertz. Therefore, it can be observed that in order to produce a material having a desired Frazier porosity according to the present invention, it is only necessary to change the oscillation frequency (and / or the amplitude). With the techniques of the prior art, changes in porosity often require changes in shape or starting materials, or duplication of machinery. Therefore, with the present techniques, it is also possible to change the porosity of a material in a simple manner once a run is completed; it is alone necessary to adjust the frequency of the disturbance (or the amplitude), which can be accomplished with simple controls and without stopping the production in a simple manner. Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, the meltblowing devices can produce filter materials of varying porosity by simply changing the frequency of the disturbance in a rapid manner as well as in a simple manner.

12 Figure 4 illustrates an expression of a hydrohead value as a function of the frequency of the perturbation. The hydrohead test is a measure of the liquid barrier properties of a fabric. The hydrohead test determines the amount of water (in centimeters) the fabric can carry before a given amount of liquid passes through it. A fabric with a higher hydrohead reading indicates that it represents a greater barrier to liquid penetration than a fabric having a lower hydrohead value. The hydrohead test is performed in accordance with Federal Test Standard No. 191A, Method 5514. In general, the hydrohead value first increases and then decreases with an increasing frequency of the disturbance in a frequency range of about 75 hertz to 525 hertz. Because the frequency of the disturbance affects the hydrohead value in an immediate manner, proper adjustment of the disturbance valve provides 86 for the type of barrier to liquids required for a particular application. The frequency of the perturbation can be used to vary the hydrohead value to suit the particular application of the material.

Examples

The The following examples provide a basis for the benefits of present invention over the Prior art in the production of meltblown, coform and spun-bond nets and materials. These examples be alone for the purpose of the representation thereof, as the methods of the present Invention can be implemented provided, and should not be considered the scope of the present Invention, in the claims is set out, limiting be interpreted.

example 1

• *800 MFR Polypropylen, mit Peroxid beschichtet – finale Schmelzflussrate (MFR) ≈ 1500

Polymerdurchsatz: 0,5 GHM Schmelztemperatur: 470°F Frequenz der Störung: 0 Hz, 156 Hz, 462 Hz Basisgewicht: 0,54 oz/yd² Formgebungshöhe: 10'' Testergebnisse Barriere Tabelle 1-1 Frequenz der Störung 0 Hz 156 Hz 462 Hz Frazier-Porosität (cfm/ft²) 45,18 35,70 65,89 Hydrohead-Wert (cm) 86,40 103 74,60 process condition Die Tip Geometry: recessed Shape width = 20 '' Gap = 0.090 '' 30 hpi Primary airflow: heated (≈ 608 ° F in a heater) 488 scfm Pressure P _T = 6.6 psig Auxiliary air flow: not heated (ambient air temperature) 60 scfm Inlet pressure = 20 psig Polymer: Copolymer of butylene and propylene Polypropylene * - 79% Polybutylene - 20% blue pigment - 01%

• * 800 MFR polypropylene coated with peroxide - final melt flow rate (MFR) ≈ 1500

Polymer throughput: 0.5 GHM Melting point: 470 ° F Frequency of the disturbance: 0 Hz, 156 Hz, 462 Hz Basis weight: 0.54 oz / yd ² Shaping Height: 10 '' Test results Barrier Table 1-1 Frequency of the fault 0 Hz 156 Hz 462 Hz Frazier porosity (cfm / ft ² ) 45.18 35,70 65.89 Hydrohead value (cm) 86,40 103 74.60

In this example, the method of meltblowing was configured as described above and corresponds to that in FIG 6c shown embodiment in which the primary air flow is supplemented with an auxiliary air flow. In the example, the unit hpi indicates the number of openings per inch that are present in the mold. P _T is defined as the total pressure measured in a stagnant area of the primary collector. GHM is defined as the flow rate in grams per orifice per minute; therefore, the unit GHM defines the amount, by weight, of the polymer flowing through each opening of the meltblowing mold per minute. As discussed previously, Frazier porosity is a measure of the permeability of the material (units are cubic feet per minute per square foot). The hydrohead value, measured as the height of a column of water carried by the net before permeation of the water into the net, measures the qualities of the net as a liquid barrier.

The The above configuration and the results provide a baseline comparison between a common Production process of meltblowing without air disturbance (frequency of disturbance of 0 Hz), and processes, those with frequencies of interference performed at 156 and 462 Hz become. As can be seen from Table 1-1, the barrier characteristics improve the materials that are produced using disturbed air flows with an increasing frequency of the disturbance. Therefore, by merely varying the Frequency of the fault, which is a relatively simple one Process represents Materials or networks with desired Barrier properties without significant changes in process conditions getting produced. This ability for adjusting the barrier properties was in the prior art without significant changes the process conditions, which took a lot of time and effort, not possible yet. What can be seen there is an initial reduction in Frazier porosity (which is a reduction the permeability network or material to air) Frequency of the fault of 156 Hz. In a similar Way, at the frequency of 156 Hz, there is an increase with regard to the worn hydrohead (water column). Therefore, at the frequency of 156 Hz, provides the manufactured net material a more effective barrier. At the frequency of the disturbance of 462 Hz is Frazier porosity elevated and the hydrohead value is opposite the production runs reduced both at 0 Hz (prior art) and at 156 Hz. Therefore, with the higher Frequency of the fault, The mesh material is a less effective barrier, but is more suitable for the use as an absorbent or a wicking material.

The change in barrier properties with respect to the change in the frequency of the disturbance is also reflected in the 11 and 12 demonstrated (for different process conditions compared to those of Example 1). As 11 shows there is an initial drop in Frazier porosity if the process is changed from no interference to a frequency of the interference between 1 and 200 Hz. When the frequency of the perturbation is increased above about 200 Hz, the Frazier porosity increases until the original Frazier porosity at 0 Hz is exceeded between about 300 to 400 Hz. Above 400 Hz, Frazier porosity increases steeply with an increasing frequency of disturbance. In a similar way, with reference to 12 , the supported water column rises in an initial manner between approximately 1 to 200 Hz of the frequency of the disturbance. Subsequently, the hydrohead value (water column) decreases in a steady manner with an increasing frequency of the disturbance until the supported water column is between about 400 to 500 Hz lower than at the frequency of 0 Hz (steady flow). Therefore, as these figures demonstrate, without variation in the basic process conditions, such as the type of polymer, flow conditions, shape geometry, apart from a simple change in frequency of disturbance of air flow, a wide variety of different network materials are produced with the desired barrier properties. For example, by merely setting the frequency of the perturbation in the range of 100 to 200 Hz while leaving all of the remaining process conditions unchanged, a more effective barrier material can be made. Therefore, if a less effective barrier material were desired, the only process change needed would be an increase in the frequency of the disturbance, which could be accomplished with simple control and without the need to interrupt the production line. In the prior art techniques, altering the barrier properties of the process run may require a significant change in process conditions, requiring shutdown of the process line to make the changes. In fact, such changes are not made in a conventional manner on a given machine; Several machines produce a single grade of mesh material (or extremely narrow range of materials) having the desired properties in a conventional manner.

Example 2

• *z.B. 800 MFR Polypropylen, beschichtet mit Peroxid – finale Schmelzflussrate (MFR) ≈ 1500

Polymerdurchsatz: 0,5 GHM Schmelztemperatur: 470°F Frequenz der Störung: 0 Hz (Steuerung), 70 Hz Basisgewicht: 5 oz/yd² Formgebungshöhe: 10'' process conditions Die Tip Geometry: recessed Shape width = 20 '' Gap = 0.090 '' 30 hpi Primary airflow: heated (≈ 608 ° F in a heater) 317 scfm Pressure P _T = 2.6 psig Auxiliary air flow: not heated (ambient air temperature) 80 scfm Inlet pressure = 20 psig Polymer: High melt flow rate (MFR) PP *

• * eg 800 MFR polypropylene, coated with peroxide - final melt flow rate (MFR) ≈ 1500

Polymer throughput: 0.5 GHM Melting point: 470 ° F Frequency of the disturbance: 0 Hz (control), 70 Hz Basis weight: 5 oz / yd ² Shaping Height: 10 ''

test results

• Kontrollnetz – 0,072'' (Dicke)
• 70 Hz – 0,103''

In this embodiment, the volume of the network made using a frequency of the disturbance of 70 Hz was compared with a control network (frequency of the disturbance of 0 Hz).

• Control Net - 0.072 '' (thickness)
• 70 Hz - 0.103 ''

Therefore It can be seen that using a moderate frequency of interference from 70 Hz causes a 43% increase in volume over the prior art becomes. An increase the volume is frequent desired in the final mesh or material because of the increased volume often for a better feeling and for a better absorption capacity provides.

Further, with respect to the desired structure or appearance, the application of the techniques of the perturbation according to the present invention allows a custom structure or appearance control. With reference to the photographs according to the 13 and 14 , poses 13 the appearance of the network produced with frequency of disturbance of 0 Hz, elect according to the network 14 represents that produced using the frequency of the disturbance of 70 Hz. As can be seen from the figures, the net had according to 14 a leather-like appearance and a structure which in the net according to 13 not available. Therefore, to the extent that such an appearance and structure is desired, the techniques according to the present invention provide additional control and diversity with respect to the production of various types of nets having such characteristics.

Examples 2A-2I

process conditions Die Tip Geometry: Form width 100 inches 30 hpi Primary airflow: 1500-1800 scfm (general area) 2A 1800 scfm 2B 1750 scfm 2C 1750 scfm (per row) 2D 1750 scfm (per row) 2E 1800 scfm 2F 1800 scfm 2G 1600 scfm 12H 500 scfm 2I 1750 scfm Primary air temperature: 575 ° F-625 ° F (general area) 2A 625 ° F 2B 600 ° F 2C 600 ° F (per row) 2D 600 ° F (per row) 2E 625 ° F 2F 575 ° F 2G 575 ° F 2H 575 ° F 2I 600 ° F Frequency of the disturbance: 75 Hz-200 Hz Polymer: PF-015 - polypropylene throughput: 4.8 PIH Melting point: 600 ° F

These series of examples illustrate the high volume and oil capacity results obtainable with the meltblown webs in accordance with the present invention. Using an arrangement as shown in 6B shown meltblown nets were made using the process conditions shown. These materials were tested for volume and oil capacity and, in addition, the oil absorption rate roll samples were tested.

Oil absorption tests

The Results of the oil absorption test were determined using a test procedure based on ASTM D 1117-5.3 received. Four square inches of a substance became samples weighed and for two minutes immersed in a pan containing an oil to be tested (white Mineral oil, +30 Saybolt color, NF grade, 80-90 S.U. Viscosity in the case of rolling samples and 10W40 engine oil in the case of hand samples). The samples were then allowed to dry suspended (20 minutes in the case of roll samples and 1 minute in the case of hand samples). The samples were weighed again and the difference was reported as the oil capacity is calculated.

The variation of the results for the volume and the oil capacity between the rolled samples and The hand samples resulted from the compression in the rolled-up configuration. In both cases the improvement of the invention is evident. Because the control sample was not disturbed, it was compressed as it was made and relatively unaffected by being formed into a roll.

Tests concerning the oil rate

The results of the oil rate were obtained in accordance with TAPPI Standard Method T 432 su-72, with the following changes:
In order to measure the rate of oil absorption ability, 0.1 ml of white mineral oil was used as the test liquid.

Three separate drops for each pattern as opposed to just one drop was determined.

• *Testverfahren für die Handproben – Tabelle 2-2

Five specimens are tested from each sample, as opposed to ten, ie a total of 15 drops is tuned for each sample instead of 10 drops. Oil absorption data Table 2-1 - Roll samples example Conditions of the disorder Volume in Density gm / cm ³ Oil capacity g / g Oil rate sec 2A control 1 row 0 Hz 0.1294 0.057 11.91 (18.21 *) 1,847 2B 1 row 200 Hz .1678 0.047 12.84 1,673 2C 2 rows 200 Hz / 150 Hz .1537 0,050 11.25 1,805 2D control 2 rows 0 Hz 0.0987 0,075 9.79 2,200

• * Test Procedure for Hand Samples - Table 2-2

Example 3

• *z.B. 800 MFR Polypropylen, beschichtet mit Peroxid – finale Schmelzflussrate (MFR) ≈ 1500

Polymerdurchsatz: 0,6 GHM Schmelztemperatur: 480°F Frequenz der Störung: 0 Hz (Steuerung), 192 Hz, 436 Hz Basisgewicht: 0,54 oz/yd² Formgebungshöhe: 10'' Testergebnisse Weichheit – Schalendrücken – 0 Hz – 1352 192 Hz – 721 process conditions Die Tip Geometry: recessed Gap = 0.090 '' 30 hpi Primary airflow: heated (≈ 608 ° F in a heater) 426 scfm Pressure P _T = 5 psig Auxiliary air flow: not heated (ambient air temperature) 80 scfm Inlet pressure = 20 psig Polymer: High melt flow rate (MFR) *, 1% blue pigments

• * eg 800 MFR polypropylene, coated with peroxide - final melt flow rate (MFR) ≈ 1500

Polymer throughput: 0.6 GHM Melting point: 480 ° F Frequency of the disturbance: 0 Hz (control), 192 Hz, 436 Hz Basis weight: 0.54 oz / yd ² Shaping Height: 10 '' test results softness - Pressing - 0 Hz - 1352 192 Hz - 721

The shell Press is a measure of softness, the net over the Top of an open cylinder with a known diameter is pulled, with a rod of a diameter slightly smaller is used as the inner diameter of the cup-shaped cylinder is brought to the net or material in the open cylinder to press while the force required to push the material into the shell was measured becomes. The shell end test was used to evaluate the stiffness of the fabric, by measuring the peak load required to make a piece of fabric of 22.9 cm × 22.9 cm with one in a hemispherical Fashion shaped foot with a diameter of 4.5 cm in a turned bowl of about 6.5 cm Diameter × 6.5 cm height to press while the cupped Fabric from a cylinder with a diameter of about 6.5 cm was surrounded to a uniform deformation of the cup-shaped material to obtain. The foot and the shell were aligned to make contact between the walls of the Shell and the foot too avoid what could affect the peak load. The peak load was measured while the foot with a rate of about 0.64 cm per second using a model of a load cell 3108-128 10, available from MTS Systems Corporation of Cary, North Carolina came. A total of seven to ten repetitions were made for each Material executed, and were then averaged to give the reported values.

The lower level of shell pressure achieved by the material made using the frequency of the 192 Hz noise indicates that the material produced thereby is softer. Subjective tests of softness, such as by hand or touch, also confirm that the material made using the 192 Hz frequency of the disturbance is softer than the material made using the prior art techniques , Thickness Table 3-1 disorder 0 Hz 192 Hz 436 Hz frequency Machine-direction peak load (MD) (lbs) 1,989 2,624 2,581 Extension in machine direction (MD) (inch) 0.145 0,119 0.087 Peak load in the transverse direction (CD) (lbs) 1,597 1,322 1,743 Extension in transverse direction (CD) (inch) 0.202 0.212 0.135

As can be seen from Table 3-1, machine direction (MD) strength increases for passes in which the frequency of the disturbance is greater than 0 Hz. In the production runs according to Example 3, the direction of the disturbances was parallel to the machine direction (MD). Applicants believe that the increased machine direction (MD) strength is due to the controlled and regular overlap in the deposition of the web on the substrate as the fibers oscillate as a result of the perturbation. A similar result will appear in 15 which illustrates a graph representing the variation of peak load in the machine direction (MD) and in the cross direction (CD) as a function of the frequency of the disturbance. Like in the 15 can be seen, the machine direction (MD) strength increases as the frequency of the disturbance increases. In a typical manner, the transverse direction (CD) strength remains relatively constant (with minor variations) regardless of the frequency of the disturbance. It is Applicant's opinion that the increase in thickness in the CD (CD) can be accomplished by varying the angle of the perturbation in relation to the machine direction (MD). Therefore, by putting the disorder in one At a certain angle between machine direction parallelism (MD) and machine direction (MD) parallelism, cross directional strength (CD) as well as machine direction (MD) strength can be improved. Barrier Table 3-2 Frequency of the fault 0 Hz 192 Hz Frazier porosity (cfm / ft ² ) 31.5 22.3 Hydrohead / water column (cm of H ₂ O) 90.8 121.6 equivalent pore diameter (μm) 13.2 10.8

As Table 3-2 and demonstrated as in Example 1 was, the barrier properties of a produced thereby increase Net at relatively low Frequencies of the disturbance (between about 100 to 200 Hz). This result is measured by the equivalent and circular Pore diameter in the case of 0 Hz and in the case of 192 Hz explained. As shown in Table 3-2, the pore size for one using a Frequency of the fault Net mesh produced by 192 Hz is 2.4 microns less than for a material that does not interfere was produced. Therefore, because the pores in the material smaller are, is the permeability the material is lower and the barrier properties are greater.

Example 4

• *800 MFR Polypropylen, beschichtet mit Peroxid – finale Schmelzflussrate MFR ≈ 1500

Polymerdurchsatz: 0,6 GHM Schmelztemperatur: 471°F Frequenz der Störung: 0-463 Hz Basisgewicht: 0,8 oz/yd² Formgebungshöhe: 12'' Testergebnisse Barriere Tabelle 4-1 Frequenz der Störung 0 Hz 305 Hz 463 Hz Frazier-Porosität (cfm/ft²) 46,27 26,85 59,34 process conditions Die Tip Geometry: recessed Shape width = 20 '' Gap = 0.090 '' 30 hpi Primary airflow: heated (≈ 608 ° F in a heater) 422 scfm Pressure P _T = 5 psig Auxiliary air flow: not heated (ambient air temperature) 40 scfm Inlet pressure = 15 psig Polymer: Copolymer of butylene and propylene Polypropylene * - 79% Polybutylene - 20% blue pigment - 1%

• * 800 MFR polypropylene, coated with peroxide - final melt flow rate MFR ≈ 1500

Polymer throughput: 0.6 GHM Melting point: 471 ° F Frequency of the disturbance: 0-463 Hz Basis weight: 0.8 oz / yd ² Shaping Height: 12 '' Test results Barrier Table 4-1 Frequency of the fault 0 Hz 305 Hz 463 Hz Frazier porosity (cfm / ft ² ) 46.27 26.85 59.34

Again, it can be seen that the porosity of the net material decreases in an initial manner when the air flow is disturbed. However, as the frequency of the disturbance increases, the porosity also increases. The results in Example 4 are consistent with the other results of the barrier property from the other examples and with the results obtained in 11 and 12 are reported to coincide.

Although the above referenced examples are a polypropylene or a mixture a high melt flow polypropylene and polybutylene plastics for one Production of nonwoven webs can use a variety of thermoplastics and elastomers are used meltblown nonwoven webs in accordance with the present Invention to produce. Because it is the structure of the network according to the present Invention is which, in a significant way for the obtained Improvements may be due to the raw materials used be selected from a wide variety. For an example and without limiting the generality of the foregoing may be thermoplastic Polymers such as polyolefins, including polyethylene, polypropylene as well such as polystyrene, are used. In an additional Way can Polyester are used, comprising polyethylene, terephthalate and polyamides comprising nylon. While the network is not mandatory is elastic, it is not intended to be elastic compositions excluded.

Compatible blends of any of the foregoing materials may also be used. In addition, additives such as processing aids, wetting agents, nucleating agents, compatibilizers, waxes, fillers or the like can be incorporated in amounts consistent with the fiber forming process used to achieve the desired results. Other fiber or filament forming materials will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is only essential that the composition be able to be spun into filaments or fibers of a form which can be deposited on a forming surface. Because many of these polymers are hydrophobic, known and compatible surfactants can be added to the polymer, as is well known to those skilled in the art, if a wettable surface is desired. By way of example and without limitation, such surfactants include anionic and nonionic surfactants such as sodium dialkyl sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT, available from American Cyanamid or Triton X-100, available from Rohm & Haas). The amount of surfactant additive will depend on the desired end use, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other additives such as pigments, fillers, stabilizers, compatibilizers and the like may also be included. Further discussion of the use of such additives may be made, for example, by reference to U.S. Pat U.S. Patent No. 4,374,888 issued to Bornslaeger on 22 February 1983 and 4,070,218 , granted to Weber on 24 January 1978.

In addition, can used a variety of shape configurations and shape cross sections be in line with the meltblown nonwoven webs in accordance with the to produce the present invention. For example, nozzle diameter from 20 to 50 openings per inch (hpi), however, just about any suitable one can Nozzle diameter be put to use. additionally can be a star-shaped, an elliptical, a circular, a rectangular, a triangular or just about any other geometric Mold for the Cross section of a nozzle for meltblown Nonwoven webs are used.

Coform applications

The Applicant is hereby incorporated by reference U.S. Patent No. 4,818,464 , issued to Lau on April 4, 1989, which discloses coform processing of polymer processing by combining separate streams of a polymer melt into a single stream of polymer melt for extrusion through openings in forming nonwoven webs. In addition, the applicant herein by reference derives U.S. Patent No. 4,818,464 , issued April 4, 1989 to Lau, which discloses the introduction of a superabsorbent material as well as pulp, cellulose or staple fibers through a centered shaft in an extrusion die for combination with plastic fibers in a nonwoven web. Referring now to 16 a description of the coform method is given. In essence, a co shape shape 170 basically a combination of two heads 173 . 175 of melt-blown molds. air flows 176 and 178 are around the form 172 trained and airflows 180 and 182 are around the form 174 educated. A shaft 184 is provided by which pulp, staple fibers or other material may be added to vary the characteristics of the resulting mesh. Because any of the techniques described above for varying the air flow around the meltblown mold can be used in the coform technique, specific descriptions of all of the valve timing techniques are no longer repeated. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the equipment used to control the disturbance of the airflows must be doubled to vary the four airflows present in the coform form.

There are a variety of possible combinations of disturbances in the coform technique. The most basic is every page of a given shape 172 or 174 exactly as described above with reference to meltblowing techniques (basically the airflows) 176 and 178 which alternate with each other, being the same for the airflows 180 and 182 applies). However, it is also possible the air flows around the form 172 in relation to those around the form 174 disturb. Therefore, the air flows 176 and 182 be disturbed in phase with each other, but out of phase with the air flows 178 and 180 to achieve a desired characteristic in the fibers or in a net. To achieve a different effect, it may be desirable that the air flows 176 and 180 in phase with each other, but beyond the phase with the air flows 178 and 182 , It should be readily apparent that with four airflows, many combinations of disturbances are possible, all of which are within the scope of the present invention. For example, a centrally located stem may be arranged to introduce pulp or cellulosic fibers and particles between the two centrally located airflows. Such a centered position facilitates the integration of the pulp into the nonwoven web and results in a consistent distribution of the pulp in the web.

Example 5

As above with respect to 16 has been described, coform materials are prepared in substantially the same manner as the meltblown materials, with the addition of a second mold. Therefore, there are two air flows around each shape, and a total of four air flows, which can be disturbed as described above. In addition, in a typical manner there is a gap between the two forms by which the pulp or other material can be added to the produced fibers and incorporated into the formed mesh. The following example uses a head of such a coform shape, but on the other hand, with respect to the disturbance of the air flow, it corresponds to the foregoing description of the method of meltblowing. process conditions Die Tip Geometry: recessed Gap = 0.070 '' Shape width = 20 '' Primary airflow: 350 scfm per row (20 '' row) Primary air temperature: 510 ° F Auxiliary air flow: 40 scfm per MB row Polymer: PF-015 (polypropylene) Polymer ratio: 65/35 Basis weight: 75 gsm (2.2 osy) Test results Table 5-1 Frequency of the fault 0 Hz 67 Hz 208 Hz 320 Hz Peak load in the machine direction (MD) 1,578 1,501 1.67 2,355 Machine direction extension (MD) (%) 23.86 22.48 24,21 20,23 Peak load in the transverse direction (CD) 0.729 0.723 0.759 0.727 Transverse extension (CD) (%) 49.75 52.46 58.08 71.23 Shell pressing (gm / mm) 2518 2485 2434 2281

Out Table 5-1 can be seen that the results in general to agree with those which are shown in the examples of meltblowing. In general, with increasing frequency of the disturbance, aligned along the machine direction (MD), the machine direction strength (MD) increases, while the strenght in the transverse direction (CD) approximately the same remains. In a similar to this Way, the softness, measured when pressing the shell, increases in the Generally, when the frequency of the disturbance increases (a lower Cup crush value shows an increased Softness). Therefore, this example indicates that the previously described Techniques used in the technology of coform molding can be brought to control the process and the material by simple Setting the frequency of the fault in the same way as in the proceedings meltblown are used.

Applications of spin bonding

The 17a to 17d FIG. 10 illustrates various embodiments described for a better understanding of the present invention and showing an alternately increased air pressure in the plenums. FIG 58 and 62 in the standard fiber drawing unit, as in 3 is illustrated. In a manner similar to the valve arrangements of the melt blown unit, the fiber draw unit may be connected via the fault valve 86 an increased in an alternating manner air pressure in the collecting chambers 62 and 58 over the wires 72 respectively. 74 by the division of the main air line 66 receive. In an alternative way, as in 17b is illustrated, the main air line 66 through the valve 86 , with a fault valve 86 supplying third branch section, in supply lines 130 and 128 be divided into two. While the wires 128 and 130 Air from the branch valve 88 obtained with a relatively constant pressure receives the fault valve 86 Bleed air from the branch valve 88 and disturbs the air to create an oscillating pressure, which then flows to the supply lines 128 and 130 is superimposed to an increased in an alternating manner pressure in the lines 74 and 72 for supplying the collecting chambers 58 respectively. 62 to create. In 17c is the main feed line 66 into the pipes 128 and 130 divided in two. This embodiment uses an auxiliary air inlet 92 passing through a valve 86 is disturbed, and which the constant air pressure of the lines 128 and 130 superimposed to an increased in an alternating manner Luftsflusszulauf in the lines 72 and 74 to generate around the air collection chambers 62 respectively. 68 to provide the fiber drawing unit. Last represented 17d for a better understanding of the present invention yet another embodiment, which is a fault valve 86 used, which provides a disturbing in an alternating manner air flow before the division of the main air supply line.

The 18a to 18f illustrate various arrangements for secondary perturbation nozzle streams associated with a standard prior art fiber drawing unit, such as those described in U.S. Pat 3d may be employed to produce the appropriate flow conditions for increasing the desired properties of the fibers made in accordance with the present invention. For example, illustrated 18a the tailpipe 56 a fiber draw unit containing secondary perturbation nozzle streams 132 and 134 starts. As described above, convey these secondary disturbance nozzle streams have a flow that is increased in an alternating manner in a direction that is perpendicular to the main airflow through the tailpipe 56 is arranged according to the present invention. This orthogonal relationship between the primary and secondary airflows increases both the magnitude and magnitude of the turbulence of the airflow in the vicinity of the tailpipe 56 ,

As in 18b Illustrated is the tailpipe 56 also in an alternating manner or differently activated and co-flowing nozzle streams 136 and 138 which generate a turbulent flow in accordance with the present invention in the vicinity of the end tube of the fiber drawing unit. 18c illustrates secondary and interfering nozzle streams 142 and 140 located near an upper portion of the fiber drawing unit, upstream of the inlets 60 and 64 the collection chambers, are arranged. 18d Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides alternating flow through Coanda nozzles in an alternating manner 144 and 146 at an exit of the tailpipe 56 used to create a turbulent air flow around the tailpipe 56 to create. Additionally illustrated 18e Coanda - similar nozzles 190 and 192 standing at a middle section 54 the fiber drawing unit are arranged. Last illustrated 18f Nozzle streams at inlet sections 48 and 50 the fiber-drawing unit. Each of these nozzle streams, in the 18a to 18f can disturb the air flow through the fiber draw unit in an altering manner, in addition to any disturbance that can be accomplished upstream of the jet streams. In addition, everyone in the 18a to 18f illustrated nozzle streams are implemented without an additional disturbance means upstream thereof.

19 represents yet another embodiment for a better understanding of the present invention. The increased pressure in the collection chambers in an alternating manner 147 and 150 can by pressure transducer 148 and 152 over the inlets 150 respectively. 154 be generated.

The pressure transducers 148 and 152 are actuated in a preferred manner by means of an electrical signal. For example, the pressure transducers may actually be large speakers that receive an electrical signal to be activated 0 ° to 180 ° out of phase, in order to increase the pressures in the collection chambers in an alternating manner 147 and 150 to create. However, any type of suitable pressure transducer can produce an increased airflow by using any means of actuation. This may include but is not limited to electromagnetic means, hydraulic means, pneumatic means or mechanical means.

The 20a and 20b illustrate yet another embodiment of the present invention wherein hot and cold nozzle flows are used in an alternating manner to increase fiber curl. Regarding 20a includes a fiber drawing unit 69 secondary disturbance nozzle streams 156 and 158 , An oscillating jet 156 provides hot air, whereas an oscillating air jet provides 158 providing cold air. Illustrated in an alternative way 20b Air jets 164 and 166 to the disturbance which supplies hot air in an alternating manner to the primary air stream and the fiber bundle exiting the end tube of the fiber drawing unit. 20a and 20b both illustrate the deflection of the fiber bundle upon application of a secondary perturbation. This secondary disturbance produces a deflection of the fiber bundle and heating or cooling effects which result in additional crimping of the fibers distributed within a net on an endless belt. The varied temperature perturbation provides additional parameters that can be varied and controlled during manufacture. The jets may be aligned in a symmetrical manner or in an asymmetrical manner to achieve the desired fiber characteristics, particularly fiber crimping. As with the frequency of the disturbance and the amplitude of the disturbance, the temperature of the air can be controlled without interrupting the manufacturing process, although this control is more complex. Therefore, materials with different properties can be made without the need for the line to be substantially stopped and without the need for additional equipment. This technique can be used in processes using the homopolymeric fibers as well as multicomponent fibers and materials.

The 20 (a) to 21 (d) FIG. 12 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention, wherein a standard fiber draw unit includes secondary jets at an exit tube end thereof, wherein at least one row of jam jets are rotated with respect to the machine direction to cause curl or fiber movement in a transverse direction Referring to the working path of the belt within the apparatus of the fiber drawing unit to produce a tensile strength in to increase the transverse direction of the nonwoven web. Like in 21 (a) is shown is a jet array 162 arranged at an angle with respect to the machine direction while the jet row 160 is aligned substantially parallel to the machine direction. 21 (b) illustrates the jet streams 202 and 200 which are both arranged at an angle with respect to the machine direction, but which face each other. Further illustrated 21 (c) yet another configuration for the alignment of the jets. Here are the nozzle jet rows 202 and 204 each rotated with respect to the machine direction and face each other in the same direction. Last illustrated 21 (d) opposing nozzle jet rows 208 and 210 ,

Last illustrated 15 the peak load of a sample of a nonwoven web as a function of the frequency of the disturbance of secondary blast nozzles for the embodiment used in Example 6. As shown in the graph, the strength of the nonwoven web increases in the machine direction with increasing frequency of the disturbance. In the process run that was used to store the data for 15 The alignment of the perturbation was parallel to the machine direction, as in 21 (d) is shown. Further, by varying the orientation of the jets of jets or the air streams relative to the machine direction, it is possible to increase the thickness in the transverse direction.

The The following examples show the production of the fibers and nonwoven nets in the process of spin bonding. The methods and devices are described using terms and units that are known in the art. The original example describes Fibers and a net using state-of-the-art techniques The technology was made to form a basis for a To provide comparison with fibers and nets using the techniques according to the present Invention were prepared.

Example 6

• *Exxon brand 3445 Polymer, Peroxid – beschichtet

Schmelztemperatur: 430°F Hilfs-Luftfluss: 40 scfm Basisgewicht: 0,5 osy (17 gsm) Testergebnisse Tabelle 6-1 Frequenz der Störung (Hz) 0 67 227 338 463 Spitzenlast in Maschinenrichtung (MD) (lb) 0,921 1,687 1,844 2,108 2,452 Spitzenlast in Querrichtung (CD) (lb) 0,824 0,645 0,462 0,586 0,521 Verlängerung in Maschinenrichtung (MD) (%) 23,85 52,79 18,03 11,08 23,05 Verlängerung in Querrichtung (CD) (%) 60,84 46,5 42,31 38,76 57,10 Gesamt-Zugfestigkeit (MD² + CD²)^1/2 1,24 1,81 1,90 2,19 2,51 The following examples show the application of interfering air flows to the spin-bonding process. In this particular example, the disturbing air flows were applied to the fiber carrying air stream at the exit of the fiber drawing unit (FDU), which is similar to the one in FIG 21 (d) shown embodiment corresponds. However, as previously described, the method is equally applicable to the disturbance of air flow in the FDU itself, or by application of auxiliary airflow or branch airflow to the accumulators upstream of the FDU. process conditions FDU-drawing pressure: 4 psi Width of draw unit = 14 '' Polymer throughput: 0.5 GHM Polymer: 3445 polypropylene *

• * Exxon brand 3445 polymer, peroxide-coated

Melting point: 430 ° F Auxiliary air flow: 40 scfm Basis weight: 0.5 osy (17 gsm) Test results Table 6-1 Frequency of the disturbance (Hz) 0 67 227 338 463 Peak load in the machine direction (MD) (lb) 0.921 1,687 1,844 2,108 2,452 Peak load in the transverse direction (CD) (lb) 0.824 0,645 0.462 0.586 0.521 Machine direction extension (MD) (%) 23.85 52.79 18.03 11.08 23.05 Transverse extension (CD) (%) 60.84 46.5 42.31 38.76 57.10 Total tensile strength (MD ² + CD ² ) ^1/2 1.24 1.81 1.90 2.19 2.51

As From the table, the application of disturbing air flows in the process of spunbonding substantially for increased machine direction (MD) strength (in this example, the disturbing ones were airflows aligned with the machine direction). As with the procedure of Meltblowing with the disturbed ones airflows the case was, the strength remained in the transverse direction (CD) after a slight reduction substantially constant. As the calculation of the total tensile strength indicates becomes the total strength of the network, however, by the application of disturbing air currents elevated. Once again, as with the application of the disturbance of the airflow in the Method of meltblowing is demonstrated, the use ensures a fault of the airflow for a range of selectable Characteristics in the final mesh, alone by the Setting the frequency of the fault. In a usual Way to spun-bonded mesh materials with varying To provide properties, the equipment needs to be processed in one complete Way shut down and the process conditions have to changed be like changing shape or a substantial change in equipment. Although the present invention does not preclude these processes can with the present method by merely changing the frequency of the disturbance such changes of the network material are accomplished incidentally, while the other process conditions remain constant. This feature of allows the present invention a much greater flexibility and efficiency at the operation of the equipment of spinn bonding.

Example 7

• *Exxon brand 3445 Polymer, peroxidbeschichtet

Schmelztemperatur: 450°F Hilfs-Luftfluss: 75 scfm Testergebnisse Tabelle 7-1 Frequenz der Störung (Hz) 0 115 195 338 500 Spitzenlast in Maschinenrichtung (MD) (lb) 12,00 19,96 21,00 21,13 20,00 Verlängerung in Maschinenrichtung (MD) (%) 34,75 37,36 38,36 39,77 37,48 Spitzenlast in Querrichtung (CD) (lb) 8,965 11,30 10,53 10,34 12,69 Verlängerung in Querrichtung (CD) (%) 40,10 49,78 52,84 43,18 47,94 In this case, the spin-bonding method has been adopted using the techniques disclosed herein to provide interfering airflows located at the exit of the FDU. For the purposes of this invention, the perturbing air streams were not arranged in a direct opposite manner to each other as in Example 6, but instead a row of auxiliary air nozzles were aligned parallel to the machine direction, while the other in at an angle with respect to the transverse direction to make a slight transverse curve (as in FIG 21 (a) shown in a schematic manner). process conditions Fiber drawing Pressure: 9 psi Polymer throughput: 0.75 GHM Basis weight: 1.0 oz / yd ² Polymer: 3445 polypropylene *

• * Exxon brand 3445 polymer, peroxide-coated

Melting point: 450 ° F Auxiliary air flow: 75 scfm Test results Table 7-1 Frequency of the disturbance (Hz) 0 115 195 338 500 Peak load in the machine direction (MD) (lb) 12,00 19,96 21,00 21.13 20.00 Machine direction extension (MD) (%) 34,75 37.36 38.36 39.77 37.48 Peak load in the transverse direction (CD) (lb) 8,965 11,30 10.53 10.34 12.69 Transverse extension (CD) (%) 40,10 49.78 52.84 43.18 47.94

In turn It can be seen that by simply varying the frequency of the disturbance of the Airflow a lot of changes can be accomplished in the final nonwoven web. Therefore can to the extent for which a material with different characteristics is desired, a variation of the frequency of disturbance of the disturbing air flow to substantial changes in the final nonwoven material. This change represents a major departure from the techniques of spunbonding according to the state technology, in which other process conditions, which significantly are more difficult to achieve, have to be varied to the characteristics of the final material.

As can be seen from Examples 1-5 of the meltblown and co-formed nonwoven webs made in accordance with the present invention and in Examples 6 and 7 of the spunbonded nonwoven webs, the techniques according to the present invention enable the formation of nonwoven web Networks with different characteristics, with relatively simple settings for the process controls. While some of the differences in the deposition of the fibers on the forming surface may be attributed, the preliminary determination indicates that the present inventive techniques also result in fundamental changes in the fibers formed thereby. Referring now to the 22 and 23 , X-ray diffraction scans of a meltblown fiber made in accordance with prior art techniques (US Pat. 22 ) and a meltblown fiber made in accordance with the present invention ( 23 ), both of which are manufactured under identical process conditions and with an identical type of polymer. As from the comparison of 22 and 23 can be seen, the X-ray scan of the meltblown fiber made by the techniques of the present invention has two peaks, while that of the prior art meltblown fiber had several peaks. It is believed that the in 23 observed differences resulted from the presence of smaller crystallites in the fiber, which are caused in a possible way by a better quenching of the fiber during molding. In summary, these X-ray diffraction scans indicate that the fibers made in accordance with the present technique are more amorphous than the prior art fibers, and may have a broader bonding window than that in accordance with the prior art techniques Technology produced fibers.

An additional proof of the assumed differences in the characteristics between the fiber produced in accordance with the present invention and the fiber produced in accordance with the prior art is in 24 shown. 24 FIG. 12 is a graph depicting the results of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test performed with a prior art meltblown fiber (indicated by the dashed line in the graph) and a fiber made in accordance with the present techniques (FIG. the solid line) was executed. The test basically observes the absorption or emission of heat by the sample while the sample is being heated. As based on the 24 1, the DSC scan of the prior art fiber is significantly different from that of the present fiber in a significant manner. A comparison of DSC scans show two major features in the present fiber that are not apparent in the prior art fiber: (1) heat is released at 80 ° C to 110 ° C (apparently exothermic), and (2) a double Melting peak is present. It is believed that these DSC results corroborate that the present forming techniques produce fibers that exhibit significant differences from fibers made in accordance with the prior art techniques. Again, these differences are believed to relate to the crystalline structure and quenching of the fiber during molding.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, the invention is capable of numerous modifications, substitutions, additions, and deletions from the embodiments described above without departing from the scope of the following claims. For example, the teachings of the present application could be applied to atomizing liquids in a mist (or trapping a liquid in a fluid flow such as air). A device for entrainment of such liquids is very similar in cross-section to that in FIG 6A - 6D shown meltblowing apparatus. In this embodiment, the device would simply not have the typical meltblown width of several inches to several feet. In addition, the components of an atomizer would be several orders of magnitude smaller in a conventional manner. In any case, the techniques of interference in an atomizing embodiment provide for narrow distribution of droplet size and more even distribution of the small liquid droplets in the entrained airflow. This embodiment could be used in a variety of applications, such as creating air / fuel mixture for engines, improved paint spraying equipment, improved pesticide applicators, or any application in which liquid is trapped in an air stream, and uniform liquid distribution and particle size distribution Air flow is desired to be brought into use.

Claims (70)

A method of making artificial fibers from a liquid resin, comprising the steps of: generating a continuous flow of fluid along a primary axis; Extruding the liquid resin through a first mold disposed adjacent to the fluid stream; Injecting said liquid resin into said fluid stream to form fibers; and interfering with the flow of fluid in the fluid stream in a selective manner by interfering means for varying the fluid pressure on either side of the primary axis, characterized in that the artificial fibers are made in a process of meltblowing or a coforming process. The method of claim 1, comprising the further Steps: Providing a substrate below the is arranged said first form; Offsetting said substrate in relation to to said first form, wherein the direction of movement of the said substrate defines a machine direction; Align said first shape perpendicular to said machine direction in a transverse direction; and Laying the fibers on the said Substrate to form a nonwoven web. The method of claim 1, comprising the others Steps from: Providing a first inlet of a fluid at a flow rate; Providing first and second fluid collection chambers, adjacent to said first form; Lead at least one section said first inlet of a fluid into the inlets of the first and second fluid collection chambers; and Lead a Fluids from each of said first and second collection chambers a position adjacent to said first mold for forming said, substantially continuous fluid stream. The method of claim 3, comprising the further steps of: providing a primary fluid conduit connected between said first inlet of a fluid and said interfering means; Connecting a first manifold between said perturbation means and the inlet of said first plenum; Connecting a second manifold between said interference means and the inlet of said second collection chamber, and dividing said first inlet of a fluid between said first and second manifolds; and varying the pressure of the fluid flowing in each of said first and second manifolds in one selective way. The method of claim 3, further comprising further steps: Providing a second inlet of a Fluids at a flow rate; Providing a second inlet, arranged in each of said first and second collection chambers is; To lead the flow of fluid from said interfering means to said second inlets in said first and second collection chambers and Vary the flow rate of the fluid coming from said second fluid source is provided, in a selective manner, to a to achieve selective variation of the flow rate of the fluid, wherein said pressure variation on each side of said primary axis provided. The method of claim 5, comprising the others Steps: Tapping a fluid flow from said first inlet of a fluid in an adjustable manner to the said provide second inlet of a fluid. The method of claim 3, comprising the others Steps: Providing first and second pressure transducers in said first and second collection chambers, respectively; and Activate said first and second pressure transducers in a selective Way to reduce the pressure in said first and second collection chambers to vary in a selective way. The method according to claim 3, comprising the further step of: Varying a pressure a stationary one State in each of said first and second collection chambers a frequency of the disturbance from approximate less than 1000 hertz. The method according to claim 3, comprising the further step of: Varying an average Collective pressure in said first and second collection chambers to less as about 100% of the total average collection pressure in the absence the activation of the said disturbance means. The method of claim 3, comprising another step from: To lead a fluid flow of at least one of said collection chambers in a non-parallel direction with respect to the machine direction. The method of claim 5, comprising another step from: Provide first and second secondary disturbing jets on opposite Sides of said axis and near the form, around said and substantially continuous flow of the fluid in an alternating one Way to disturb. The method of claim 11, comprising another step from: Directing the flow of fluid from at least one of said first and second secondary jets in a substantially perpendicular to the said primary axis. The method of claim 11, comprising another step from: Directing the flow of fluid from at least one of said first and second secondary jets in one orientation, which defines an acute angle with respect to the primary axis. The method of claim 11, comprising another step from: Directing the flow of fluid from at least one of the said secondary jets in a non-parallel direction with respect to the machine direction. The method of claim 11, comprising further steps from: Providing a hot fluid from said first secondary Jet; and Providing a fluid with approximately Ambient temperature of said second secondary jet. The method of claim 1, comprising the further steps of: extruding a second liquid resin through a second mold positioned adjacent to said first mold; Positioning said second mold adjacent to the fluid stream for icing said liquid resin in the fluid stream to form fibers. The method of claim 16, comprising the further Step from: Introducing pulp fibers in the said continuous fluid flow through a shaft between the is arranged said first and second forms. The method of claim 16, comprising the others Steps from: Providing a substrate under said first form; Displacing said substrate in proportion to said first form, wherein the direction of movement of said Substrate defines a machine direction; Align the said first shape perpendicular to said machine direction in a transverse direction; and Laying the fibers on the said Substrate to form a nonwoven web. The method of claim 1, comprising the further Step from: Channeling the primary flow of the fluid and the fibers through a fiber drawing unit, which is arranged below said first mold. The method of claim 19, comprising the further Step from: Providing a first flow of a fluid at a flow rate; Providing first and second fluid collection chambers on opposite Sides of said axis; Lead at least one section said inlet of a fluid to each of said first and second fluid second elongated Fluid collection chambers; and To lead the fluid from each of said first and second plenums to said fiber-drawing unit, to the said, essentially continuous fluid flow within said fiber drawing unit train. The method of claim 20, comprising further steps from: Splitting said first feed a fluid between the inlets said first and second collection chambers; and Vary the pressure in each of the inlets of said first and second Collection chambers flowing pressure in a selective way. The method of claim 20, comprising the further Steps from: Providing a second inlet of a fluid at a flow rate; Connecting the said second inlet a fluid to said interfering agent; Lead the Flow of fluid from said interfering means to said first and second collection chambers; and Varying the flow rate the fluid from said second inlet of a fluid in one selective manner, the said pressure variation on each Side of said primary Axis provide. The method of claim 22, comprising the others Steps from: Tapping a flow of a fluid from said fluid first inlet of a fluid in an adjustable manner, to provide said second feed of a fluid. The method of claim 20, comprising the further Steps from: Providing first and second pressure transducers, adjacent to said first and second plenums to the said disturbance means form; and Activating said first and second Pressure transducer in a selective manner to reduce the pressure in the said first and second collection chambers in a selective manner and way to vary. The method of claim 20, comprising the further Step from: Providing first and second secondary pulsating jets on opposite Sides of said axis and in the vicinity of the said ser sourcing unit, around the said and substantially continuous flow of the fluid to disturb in an alternating way. The method of claim 25, comprising the further Step from: Positioning said first and second secondary jets between the inlet and the outlet of said fiber drawing unit. The method of claim 25, comprising the further Step from: Directing the flow of a fluid from at least one of said first and second secondary jets in a substantially horizontal alignment. The method of claim 25, comprising the further Step from: Directing the flow of a fluid from at least one of said first and second secondary jets in a downward direction Orientation. The method of claim 25, comprising the further Step from: Directing the flow of a fluid from at least one of the said secondary jets in a non-parallel orientation with respect to the machine direction. The method of claim 25, comprising the others Steps from: Providing a hot fluid from said first secondary Jet; and Providing a fluid with approximately Ambient temperature of said second secondary jet. The method of claim 20, comprising the further Step from: Varying a pressure of a steady state in each of said first and second collection chambers with a Frequency of the fault from approximate less than 1000 hertz. A device for producing artificial Fibers from a liquid Resin by a method of meltblowing or by a method coforming, comprising: Means for generating a substantially continuous fluid flow along a primary axis; a first Extrusion mold for extruding the liquid resin, the said Form adjacent to the fluid flow is arranged to said liquid Inject resin into the fluid stream to form fibers; and Interference means around the flow of fluid in the fluid stream in a selective manner and way to disrupt, to vary the fluid pressure on each side of the primary axis. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising: one Substrate disposed below said first mold; displacement means for the Substrate to said substrate relative to said first Form to move, with the direction of movement of said substrate defines a machine direction; wherein said first form perpendicular to said machine direction in a transverse direction is aligned; and the fibers being on said substrate are laid down to form a nonwoven web. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein said Means for generating a substantially continuous fluid flow further comprises: a first inlet of a fluid with a Flow rate; first and second elongated fluid collection chambers, the on opposite Sides of said axis are arranged, each of said Collection chambers comprises at least a first inlet and an outlet; first and second bus lines to at least a portion of said Inflow of a fluid to the inlet of each of said first and second elongated To direct fluid collection chambers; and first and second output lines, extending from the outlet of each of said first and second plenums to a location adjacent to said mold on opposite sides Pages of said primary Extend axis, and directing a fluid from each of said first and second collection chambers to a location adjacent to said first form to the said, substantially continuous Form fluid flow. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising: a primary fluid line connected between said first inlet of a fluid and said interfering means; said first manifold being connected between said perturbation means and said inlet at said first plenum; said second manifold being connected between said disturbance means and said inlet at said second collection chamber; and wherein said disturbance means divides said first inlet of a fluid between said first and second manifolds and the pressure in each of said first and second manifolds flowing fluid varies in a selective manner. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising: one second inlet of a fluid at a flow rate; an auxiliary line, between the said second inlet of a fluid and the said one Interference device connected is; a second inlet in each of said first and second collection chambers is arranged; at least a first secondary line, in a fluid-conducting manner between said interference means and said second inlet of said first collection chamber is coupled to a fluid flow of the said interference means to said second inlet of said first collection chamber to steer; at least one second secondary line, which is in a fluid-conducting Way between said interferer and said coupled to the second inlet of said second collection chamber, to a fluid flow from said interfering means to said directing the second inlet of said second collection chamber; and in which the said disturbance means Further, a disturbance valve means includes that of said auxiliary line to said first and second secondary Lines provided flow rate of the fluid in a selective Way to vary, with the selective variation of the flow rate of the fluid, said pressure variation on each side of said one primary Axis provides. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising: one Three-way valve, comprising; an inlet to the said connected to and receives the first inlet of a fluid; first and second outlets, the flow of fluid into said first and second manifolds to steer; and a third outlet for a fluid flow of said first inlet of a fluid to said auxiliary conduit in an adjustable manner to tap the said provide second inlet of a fluid. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein said interference means a fault valve comprising, comprising: an inlet for receiving a fluid flow from said temporary management; and first and second outlets for Outputting a fluid flow varied in a selective manner to said first and second secondary lines. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said interference means Furthermore, a fault valve contains, furthermore full: an inlet for receiving a fluid flow said second fluid source; and first and second outlets for Outputting a selectively varied fluid flow to said first and second manifolds. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said interference means further comprises: first and second pressure transducers, adjacent to said first and second collection chambers; and Means to selective activation of said first and second pressure transducers, to the pressure in said first and second collection chambers in a selective way to vary. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said interference means a pressure in a steady state in each of said first and second collection chambers with a Frequency of the fault from approximate less than 1000 hertz varies. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said interference means an average collection pressure in the said first and second collection chambers less than about 50% of the total average Collective pressure in the absence of activation of said disturbance varied. The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising: medium for directing fluid flow from at least one of the exit conduits in a non-parallel direction with respect to the machine direction. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising: first and second secondary pulsating jets disposed on opposite sides of said Ach and in the vicinity of the mold so as to disturb the said substantially continuous flow of the fluid in an alternating manner. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: medium for positioning said first and second secondary jets between the inlet and the outlet of said fiber drawing unit. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: medium for directing fluid flow from at least one of said first and second secondary jets in a substantially horizontal orientation. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: medium for directing fluid flow from at least one of said first and second secondary jets down directed orientation. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: medium for directing a flow of fluid from at least one of said secondary jets in a non-parallel orientation with respect to the machine direction. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: medium to provide a hot Fluids from said first secondary jet; and medium for providing a fluid at approximately an ambient temperature from said second secondary Jet. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising: medium for extruding a second liquid Resin by a second mold adjacent to said first one Form is positioned, said second mold adjacent is arranged to the fluid flow to said liquid resin to inject into said fluid stream to form fibers. The apparatus of claim 50, further comprising: Means for directing fluid flow between said first one and second forms; and means for directing fluid flow into the near peripheral sections of the first and second forms. The apparatus of claim 51, further comprising: one Well arranged between said first and second forms is to pulp fibers in said continuous fluid stream initiate. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising: a Fiber-drawing unit arranged below said first mold and which is adapted to pass the primary fluid flow therethrough channel, wherein said fiber draw unit comprises one Fiber inlet at a top portion thereof for picking up a fluid flow and fibers, and an outlet for dispensing the fibers. The apparatus of claim 53, further comprising: one Substrate disposed below said first mold; one Displacement agent for the substrate around said substrate relative to said first one Form to move, with the direction of movement of said substrate defines a machine direction; wherein said first form perpendicular to said machine direction in a transverse direction is aligned; and the fibers being on said substrate are laid down to form a nonwoven web. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein said means for generating a substantially continuous fluid flow further comprises: a first inlet of a fluid at a flow rate; first and second elongate fluid collection chambers disposed on opposite sides of said axis, each of said collection chambers including at least a first inlet and an outlet; first and second manifolds for directing at least a portion of said fluid inlet to the inlet of each of said first and second elongated fluid collection chambers; and first and second exit conduits extending from the outlet of each of said first and second fluid collection chambers to said fiber draw unit on opposite sides of said primary axis to deliver fluid from each of said first and second collection chambers to said fiber draw unit to form said substantially continuous fluid flow into said fiber draw unit. The apparatus of claim 55, further comprising: a primary Fluid line between said first inlet of a fluid and said interfering means connected; said first manifold between the said disturbance means and said inlet of said first collection chamber is; said second bus between said interference means and said inlet connected to said second collection chamber is; and said interference means being said first one Inlet of a fluid between said first and second manifolds divides and the pressure of in each of said first and second Manifolds flowing Fluids varied in a selective manner. The apparatus of claim 55, further comprising: one second inlet of a fluid at a flow rate; an auxiliary line, between the said second inlet of a fluid and the said one Interference device connected is; a second inlet located in each of said first and second second collecting chambers is arranged; at least a first secondary Conduction in a fluid-conducting manner between the said interference means and said second inlet of said first collection chamber coupled to a flow of fluid from said interfering means to said second inlet of said first collection chamber to steer; at least one second secondary line, which is in a fluid-conducting Way between said interferer and said coupled to the second inlet of said second collection chamber, a fluid flow from said interfering means to said one directing the second inlet of said second collection chamber; and in which the said disturbance means Further, a disturbance valve means includes that of said auxiliary line to said first and second secondary Lines provided flow rate of the fluid in a selective Way to vary, with the selective variation of the flow rate the fluid said pressure variation on each side of said primary Axles accomplished. The device of claim 57, further comprising: one Three-way valve, comprising an inlet to the said first inlet of a fluid is connected and receives it; first and second outlets, a fluid flow in the said first and second manifolds to steer; and a third outlet for a fluid flow of said first inlet of a fluid to said auxiliary line in an adjustable manner to tap the said second supply of a fluid to accomplish. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein said interference means a fault valve comprising, comprising: an inlet for receiving a fluid flow from said auxiliary line; and first and second outlets for Outputting a fluid flow varied in a selective manner to said first and second secondary lines. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein said interference means Furthermore, a fault valve contains that further comprises: an inlet for receiving a fluid flow from said second fluid source; and first and second Outputs for outputting a varied in a selective manner Fluid flow to the said first and second manifolds. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein said interference means further comprises: first and second pressure transducers, adjacent to said first and second collection chambers; and Means to selectively activating said first and second pressure transducers, to the pressure in said first and second collection chambers in a selective way to vary. The apparatus of claim 53, further comprising: first and second secondary pulsating jets, the on opposite Sides of said axis and in the vicinity of the said fiber drawing unit are arranged to the said, substantially continuous Disturb fluid flow in an alternating manner. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising: medium for positioning said first and second secondary jets between the inlet and the outlet of said fiber drawing unit. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising: medium for directing fluid flow from at least one of said first and second secondary jets in a substantially horizontal orientation. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising: medium for directing fluid flow from at least one of said first and second secondary jets in a downhill directed orientation. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising: medium for directing a flow of fluid from at least one of said secondary jets in a non-parallel orientation with respect to the machine direction. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising: medium to provide a hot Fluids from said first secondary jet; and medium for providing a fluid at approximately an ambient temperature from said second secondary Jet. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein said interference means a pressure of a steady state in each of said first and second collection chambers with a Frequency of the fault from approximate less than 1000 hearts varies. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein said Fluid is a gas. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein said Fluid is air.