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DE69315637T2 - Fältemaschinenölzusammensetzung für Fluoroalkanekühlmittel - Google Patents

Fältemaschinenölzusammensetzung für Fluoroalkanekühlmittel

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Publication number
DE69315637T2
DE69315637T2 DE69315637T DE69315637T DE69315637T2 DE 69315637 T2 DE69315637 T2 DE 69315637T2 DE 69315637 T DE69315637 T DE 69315637T DE 69315637 T DE69315637 T DE 69315637T DE 69315637 T2 DE69315637 T2 DE 69315637T2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
composition
hfc
acid
oil
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE69315637T
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English (en)
Other versions
DE69315637D1 (de
Inventor
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Umekichi Sasaki
Motoshi Sunami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eneos Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Oil Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Oil Corp filed Critical Nippon Oil Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69315637D1 publication Critical patent/DE69315637D1/de
Publication of DE69315637T2 publication Critical patent/DE69315637T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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Description

  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Kältemaschinenöl- Zusammensetzungen und flüssige zusammensetzungen für Kältemaschinen, wobei die flüssigen Zusammensetzungen jeweils ein Gemisch aus der Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung und einem Kühlmittel darstellt, und insbesondere Kältenaschinenölzusamnensetzungen und flüssige Zusammensetzungen, die zur Verwendung in Kompressionskältemaschinen geeignet sind, die unter Verwendung eines Fluoralkan-Kühlmittels betrieben werden und ausgezeichnete Schmiereigenschaften aufweisen.
  • 2. Beschreibung des Standes der Technik
  • Als Schmieröle für Kältemaschinen, die unter Verwendung eines Chlor-enthaltenden Kühlmittels, wie CFC-12 oder HCFC-22, gekühlt werden, sind Schmieröle, die zusätzlich zu einem Grundöl, wie einem Mineralöl, Alkylbenzol oder ein Gemisch davon, einen Phosphatester und/oder einen Phosphitester (Japanische Patentoffenlegungsschrift Nr.91502/1979), Trioleylphosphat (Japanische Patentoffenlegungsschrift Nr.86506/1976), einen Phosphitester (Japanische Patentoffenlegungsschrift Nr.139608/1979), Tricresylphosphat und/oder Triphenylphosphit (Japanische Patentoffenlegungsschrift Nr.27372/1980), einen Phosphatester und einen Hydrogenphosphitester (Japanische Patentoffenlegungsschrift Nr.92799/1980), eine Organomolybdänverbindung und einen Säurephosphatester (Japanische Patentoffenlegungsschrift Nr.75995/1984) oder ein Thiophosphat (Japanische Patentoffenlegungsschrift Nr.293286/1986) enthalten, bekannt.
  • Die Schmieröle, die einen Phosphitester enthalten, haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß der Phosphitester mit dem verbleibenden Wasser reagiert oder in das Kühlsystem eindringt und Phosphorsäure bildet, wodurch in den System Metalle korrodieren.
  • Die Schmieröle, die ein Thiophosphat enthalten, weisen ebenfalls den Nachteil auf, daß thermische Zersetzungsprodukte des Thiophosphats Kupferrohre in einen System, Wicklungen eines Motors in einem Kompressor vom hermetischen Typ, und dergleichen, korrodieren.
  • Solche üblichen Additive werden in Kombination mit einem C1-enthaltenden Kühlmittel, wie CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-115 oder HCFC-22, angewendet. Wie bereits von Honma et al. in dem Vorabdruck D.9 (1989) vom 34. Nationalen Treffen der Japanischen Gesellschaft der Schmiermittel-Ingenieure berichtet, wirken Chloratome, die in dem System in einer großen Menge chemisch an Kühlmittelmoleküle gebunden sind, als ein Extremdruckadditiv, so daß ihre Funktion als Extrendruckadditive von keiner besonderen Bedeutung sind. Trotz der vorstehend beschriebenen Nachteile ist die Zugabe eines Phosphatesters, Phosphitesters, Säurephosphatesters oder Hydrogenphosphitesters allein für die Schmiereigenschaft ausreichend.
  • In Fall einer Kompressionskältemaschine, die unter Verwendung eines Fluoralkan-Kühlmittels betrieben wird, das einen Ersatz für ein CFC-Kühlmittel darstellt - wobei diese Kühlmittel Einschränkungen unterliegen, weil sie vorgeblich die Ozonschicht zerstören - ist die Situation ist anders. Phosphatesteradditive, die für Kältemaschinenöle vom Mineralöltyp wirksam sind, zeigen aufgrund der nachstehenden Gründe keine ausreichende Abriebbeständigkeit, wenn sie für Kältemaschinenöle, die ein Fluoralkan-Kühlmittel enthalten, verwendet werden:
  • Fluoralkan-Kühlmittel, die kein Chloratom oder Atome in ihren Molekülen enthalten, wie HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a und HFC-152a, weisen jedoch keine Wirkung als Extremdruckadditive auf.
  • Kältemaschinenöle für Fluoralkan-Kühlmittel wenden ein Grundöl mit starker Polarität, wie Sauerstoff-enthaltende synthetische Öle, beispielsweise ein Carboxylatesteröl, Polyglycolöl oder Carbonatesteröl im Hinblick auf deren Mischbarkeit mit dem Kühlmittel an, so daß die Wirkungen des so zugegebenen Extremdruckadditivs vermindert werden.
  • WO 91/15551 offenbart eine Kühlmittel-Zusammensetzung, worin ein Polyglycol oder ein Carbonsäureester als Grundöl verwendet werden und wozu eine Bor-enthaltende Zusammensetzung gegeben wird. Die Bor-enthaltende Zusammensetzung wird durch Umsetzen einer Borquelle mit einem Monohydroxyalkohol, einem Alkylenglycol, einem Polyoxyalkylenglycol, einem Hydroxycarbonyloxyalkylenglycol, einen Hydroxycarbonylcarbonylpolyoxyalkylenglycol und einem Alkanolamin oder Gemischen von zwei oder mehreren davon hergestellt.
  • EP-A-470 788 und EP-A-452 816 offenbaren ebenfalls Kühlnittel-Zusammensetzungen, worin ein Polyglycol, ein Carbonsäureester oder ein Kohlenstoffester als Grundöl verwendet werden, zu dem eine organische Borverbindung gegeben wird.
  • JP-A-58 208375 offenbart ein Kühlmedium, in das eine Borverbindung zu einem Gemisch aus einem Chlor-enthaltenden Flon und einem Kältemaschinenöl gegeben wird, wobei das Öl beispielhaft als ein Mineralöl vom Naphthentyp angegeben wird.
  • Zur Gewichtsverminderung und Energieeinsparung werden für gleitende Teile von Kompressoren von neueren Automobil- Klimaanlagen häufig Aluminiumlegierungen (nachstehend "Aluninium" der Kürze halber genannt) angewendet. Obwohl es vorkommt, daß Eisen-Aluminium- oder Aluminium-Aluminium-gleitende Teile eine solche Tendenz aufweisen, wurden dafür geeignete Extremdruckadditive bislang noch nicht ausreichend untersucht.
  • Die Autoren der vorliegenden Erfindung führten ausgedehnte Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Schmiereigenschaften, wenn ein Fluoralkan als Kühlmittel verwendet wird, und ein Esteröl, Polyalkylenglycolöl oder dergleichen, als Kältemaschinenöl verwendet wird, aus. Als Ergebnis wurde gefunden, daß eine Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung, die in der Lage ist, ausgezeichnete Abriebbeständigkeit zu zeigen und deshalb praktisch verwendbar sein kann, durch Einarbeiten einer Borverbindung in ein Kühlmittelöl erhalten wird.
  • Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, den Nachteil eines Kühlmittelöls, zusammengesetzt aus einem Grundöl, einer Sauerstoff-enthaltenden Verbindung, wie einem Esteröl, Neo-Säure-Esteröl, Kohlensäureesteröl oder Polyalkylenglycolöl, zu überwinden, das heißt, mangelhafte Schmiereigenschaften zu verbessern und eine Kühlmittelölzusammensetzung bereitzustellen, die ausgezeichnete Abriebbeständigkeit aufweist und in einer Kältemaschine vom Gefrier-Kompressions-Typ unter Anwendung eines Fluoralkans als Kühlmittel und einer flüssigen Zusammensetzung für Kältemaschinen verwendbar ist, wobei die flüssige Zusammensetzung ein Gemisch aus der Kühlmittelölzusammensetzung und dem Kühlmittel darstellt.
  • Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt deshalb eine Kühlmittelölzusammensetzung für Fluoralkan-Kältemaschinen bereit, umfassend ein Grundöl, im wesentlichen zusammengesetzt aus einer Sauerstoff-enthaltenden Verbindung und 0,005-5,0 Gew.- %, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung einer Borverbindung, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Alkalimetallboraten, Erdalkalimetallboraten, Ammoniumboraten und Gemischen davon und (c) einem Lösungsmittel, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einwertigen Alkoholen, Glycolen, Cellosolv's in einer solchen Menge, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von (b) und (c), daß die Menge von (b) 0,1-50 Gew.-% wird.
  • Zusätzlich stellt die vorliegende Erfindung eine flüssige Zusammensetzung für Kältemaschinen bereit, umfassend 1-500 Gewichtsteile der Kühlmittelöl-Zusammensetzung und 100 Gewichtsteile eines aus einem Fluoralkan bestehenden Kühlmittels.
  • Das Grundöl, das in der Kühlmittelöl-Zusammensetzung der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten ist, ist im wesentlichen aus einer Sauerstoff-enthaltenden Verbindung zusammengesetzt. Eine Sauerstoff-enthaltende Verbindung ist verwendbar, solange sie als Grundöl in Kühlmittelölen angewendet werden kann.
  • Spezielle Beispiele der Verbindung schließen Ester, Polyglycole, Polyphenylether, Silicate, Polysiloxane und Perfluorether ein. Unter ihnen sind Ester und Polyglycole besonders bevorzugt.
  • Beispielhafte Ester schließen zweibasige Säureester, Polyolester, Komplexester und Polyolcarbonatester ein.
  • Beispielhafte zweibasige Säureester schließen Ester von zweibasigen C&sub5;-C&sub1;&sub0;-Säuren, wie Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Pimelinsäure, Suberinsäure, Azelainsäure und Sebacinsäure und lineare oder verzweigte Alkyl-enthaltende einwertige C&sub1;-C&sub1;&sub5;- Alkohole, wie Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol, Pentanol, Hexanol, Heptanol, Octanol, Nonanol, Decanol, Undecanol, Dodecanol, Tridecanol, Tetradecanol und Pentadecanol ein. Spezielle Beispiele schließen Glutarsäureditridecylester, Adipinsäuredi-2-ethylhexylester, Adipinsäurediisodecylester, Adipinsäureditridecylester und Sebacinsäuredi-3-ethylhexylester ein.
  • e Als Polyolester können Ester von Diolen oder Polyolen, die 3-20 OH-Gruppen und C&sub6;&submin;&sub2;&sub0;-Fettsäuren enthalten, vorzugsweise verwendet werden. Spezielle Beispiele von Diolen schließen Ethylenglycol, 1,3-Propandiol, Propylenglycol, 1,4- Butandiol, 1,2-Butandiol, 2-Methyl-1,3-propandiol, 1,5-Pentandiol, Neopentylglycol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 2-Ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propandiol, 1,7-Heptandiol, 2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propandiol, 2,2-Diethyl-1,3-propandiol, 1,8-Octandiol, 1,9-Nonandiol, 1,10-Decandiol, 1,11-Undecandiol und 1,12-Dodecandiol ein. Spezielle Beispiele von Polyolen schließen mehrwertige Alkohole, wie Trimethylolethan, Trimethylolpropan, Trimethylolbutan, Di-(trimethylolpropan), Tri-(trimethylolpropan), Pentaerythrit, Di-(pentaerythrit), Tri-(pentaerythrit), Glycerin, Polyglycerine (Dimer bis Eicosamer von Glycerin), 1,3,5-Pentantriol, Sorbit, Sorbitan, Sorbitglycerinkondensate, Adonit, Arabit, Xylit und Mannit; Saccharide, wie Xylose, Arabinose, Ribose, Rhamnose, Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mannose, Sorbose, Cellobiose, Maltose, Isomaltose, Trehalose, Saccharose, Raffinose, Gentianose und Melezitose; teilweise veretherte Produkte davon und Methylglycoside (Glycosid) ein. Erläuternde Fettsäuren schließen lineare oder verzweigte Fettsäuren, wie Hexansäure, Heptansäure, Octansäure, Nonansäure, Decansäure, Undecansäure, Dodecansäure, Tridecansäure, Tetradecansäure, Pentadecansäure, Hexadecansäure, Heptadecansäure, Octadecansäure, Nonadecansäure, Eicosansäure und Ölsäure und sogenannte Neosäuren mit einem quaternären α- Kohlenstoffatom ein. Diese Polyolester können eine oder mehrere freie Hydroxylgruppen enthalten. Besonders bevorzugte Beispiele von Polyolestern schließen Ester von gehinderten Alkoholen, wie Neopentylglycol, Trimethylolethan, Trimethylolpropan, Trimethylolbutan, Di-(trimethylolpropan), Tri(trimethylolpropan), Pentaerythrit, Di-(pentaerythrit) oder Tri-(pentaerythrit) ein. Spezielle Beispiele schließen Caprylsäuretrimethylolpropanester, Pelargonsäuretrimethylolpropanester, 2-Ethylhexansäurepentaerythritester und Pelargonsäurepentaerythritester ein.
  • Der Ausdruck "Komplexester", wie hierin verwendet, bedeutet einen Ester eines einwertigen Alkohols und Polyols mit einer Fettsäure und einer zweibasigen Fettsäure Als die Fettsäure, zweibasige Säure, einwertiger Alkohol und Polyol können jene, die vorstehend bezüglich der zweibasigen Säureester und Polyolester beispielhaft angegeben sind, verwendet werden.
  • Der Polyolcarbonatester ist ein Ester einer Kohlensäure und eines Polyols. Als erläuternde Polyole können jene, die vorstehend bezüglich der Polyolester, Polyglycole, erhalten durch Mono- oder Copolymerisation von Diolen sowie jene, erhalten durch Zugeben eines Polyglycols zu den Polyolen beispielhaft angegeben wurden, verwendet werden.
  • Bevorzugte Beispiele für Polyglycole schließen Polyalkylenglycole, veretherte Polyalkylenglycole und modifizierte Verbindungen davon ein. Als Polyalkylenglycole können jene, erhalten durch Homo- oder Copolymerisation von Diolen, verwendet werden. Als Diole sind jene verwendbar, die vorstehend bezüglich der Polyolester sowie als Polyalkylenglycole beispielhaft angegeben wurden, wobei deren Hydroxylgruppe oder Gruppen verethert sind. Spezielle Beispiele der für die Veretherung von Polyalkylenglycolen einzuführenden Gruppen schließen Monomethylether, Monoethylether, Monopropylether, Monobutylether, Monopentylether, Monohexylether, Monoheptylether, Monooctylether, Monononylether, Monodecylether, Dimethylether, Diethylether, Dipropylether, Dibutylether, Dipentylether, Dihexylether, Diheptylether, Dioctylether, Dinonylether und Didecylether ein. Erläuternde modifizierte Verbindungen von Polyglycolen schließen Polyolpolyalkylenglycoladdukte und veretherte Produkte davon ein. In diesem Fall können die Polyole, die vorstehend bezüglich der Polyolester beispielhaft angegeben wurden, verwendet werden. Wenn das Polyalkylenglycol durch Copolymerisation von Diolen mit unterschiedlichen Strukturen erhalten wird, wird der Art der Polymerisation von Oxyalkylengruppen keine besondere Begrenzung auferlegt. Die Oxyalkylengruppen können entweder statistisch oder in Blöcken copolymerisiert werden.
  • Obwohl dem Molekulargewicht oder eines in der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung verwendeten Polyglycols keine besondere Begrenzung auferlegt wird, kann vorzugsweise eines mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von 200-4000 zur weiteren Verbesserung der Abdichtung des Kompressors verwendet werden, wobei ein Polyglycol mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 300-3000 am meisten bevorzugt ist.
  • Die Sauerstoff-enthaltenden Verbindungen, die vorstehend beschrieben wurden, können entweder einzeln oder in Kombination verwendet werden. Die kinematische Viskosität der Sauerstoff-enthaltenden Verbindung in der vorliegenden Erfindung ist 2-150 cst, vorzugsweise 4-100 cst bei 100ºC.
  • In der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung können die vorstehenden Sauerstoff-enthaltenden Verbindungen jeweils einzeln als Grundöl verwendet werden. Alternativ können die Sauerstoff-enthaltende Verbindung und gegebenenfalls Mineralöl, ein synthetisches Öl oder dergleichen, die in Kühlmittelölen für Chlor-enthaltende Kühlmittel, wie CFC-12 und HCFC-22, angewendet werden, in Kombination als Grundöl verwendet werden. Als Mineralöle können Paraffinmineralöle, Naphthalinmineralöle und dergleichen verwendet werden. Sie werden erhalten, indem man eine Schmierölfraktion, die durch atmosphärische Destillation und Vakuumdestillation eines Rohöls erhalten wurde, einer Kombination von Raffinationsbehandlungsschritten, wie Lösungsmittel-Deasphaltieren, Lösungsmittelextraktion, Hydrogenolyse, Solvent-Dewaxing, katalytisches Dewaxing, Hydrorefining, Schwefelsäurebehandlung und Tonbehandlung, unterzieht. Als synthetische Öle sind bekannte Poly-α-olefine, wie Polybuten, 1-Octenoligomer und 1- Decenoligomer; Alkylbenzole, Alkylnaphthaline und Gemische von mindestens zwei von ihnen verwendbar. In diesem Fall ist es erwünscht, daß die Sauerstoff-enthaltende Verbindung in einer Menge von mindestens 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 70 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Grundöls, enthalten ist. Die bevorzugte dynamische Viskosität des Grundöls liegt im Bereich von 2,0 cst bis 150 cst bei 100ºC.
  • Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung sollte das vorstehend beschriebene Grundöl und, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Zusammensetzung, 0,005-5,0 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,01-2, Gew.-%, einer Borverbindung umfassen. Wenn der Anteil der Borverbindung geringer als der vorstehend genannte Bereich ist, ist das erhaltene Schmieröl für die Verbesserung der Abriebbeständigkeit weniger wirksam. Wenn andererseits der Anteil den vorstehenden Bereich übersteigt, wird das erhaltene Schmieröl keine besseren Wirkungen im Verhältnis zur Erhöhung des Anteils zeigen. Anteile außerhalb des vorstehenden Bereichs sind deshalb nicht bevorzugt.
  • Die Borverbindung kann einfach durch Vermischen in dem Grundöl eingesetzt werden. Alternativ kann sie durch Auflösen oder Dispergieren der Borverbindung der vorliegenden Erfindung in einem vorstehenden Lösungsmittel eingesetzt werden, um die Löslichkeit des Grundöls zu erhöhen und anschließend die erhaltene Lösung oder Dispersion mit dem Grundöl vermischt werden. Beispiele des Lösungsmittels schließen einwertige Alkohole, Glycole und Cellosolv ein. Spezielle Beispiele schließen Methylalkohol, Ethylalkohol, Propylalkohol, Isopropylalkohol, n-Butylalkohol, Isobutylalkohol, 5-Butylalkohol, t-Butylalkohol, Pentylalkohol, Hexylalkohol, Heptylalkohol, Octylalkohol, Nonylalkohol, Decylalkohol, Ethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Propylenglycol, Dipropylenglycol, Tripropylenglycol, Glycerin, Ethylenglycolmonomethylether, Ethylenglycoldimethylether, Ethylenglycolmonoethylether, Ethylenglycoldiethylether, Ethylenglycolmonopropylether, Ethylenglycoldipropylether, Ethylenglycolmonobutylether, Ethylenglycoldibutylether, Diethylenglycolmonomethylether, Diethylenglycoldimethylether, Diethylenglycolmonoethylether, Diethylenglycoldiethylether, Diethylenglycolmonopropylether, Diethylenglycoldipropylether, Diethylenglycolmonobutylether, Diethylenglycoldibutylether, Triethylenglycolmonomethylether, Triethylenglycoldimethylether, Triethylenglycolmonoethylether, Triethylenglycoldiethylether, Triethylenglycolmonopropylether, Triethylenglycoldipropylether, Triethylenglycolmonobutylether, Triethylenglycoldibutylether, Propylenglycolmonomethylether, Propylenglycoldimethylether, Propylenglycolmonoethylether, Propylenglycoldiethylether, Propylenglycolmonopropylether, Propylenglycoldipropylether, Propylenglycolmonobutylether, Propylenglycoldibutylether, Dipropylenglycolmonomethylether, Dipropylenglycoldimethylether, Dipropylenglycolmonoethylether, Dipropylenglycoldiethylether, Dipropylenglycolmonopropylether, Dipropylenglycoldipropylether, Dipropylenglycolmonobutylether, Dipropylenglycoldibutylether, Tripropylenglycolmonomethylether, Tripropylenglycoldimethylether, Tripropylenglycolmonoethylether, Tripropylenglycoldiethylether, Tripropylenglycolmonopropylether, Tripropylenglycoldipropylether, Tripropylenglycolmonobutylether und Tripropylenglycoldibutylether ein.
  • Nach Verwendung des Lösungsmittels kann die Borverbindung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bei Bedarf mit dem Lösungsmittel vermischt werden. Beispielsweise kann die Borverbindung in einer Menge von 0,1-50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1- Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Lösungsmittels und die Borverbindung vermischt werden.
  • Die in der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendbaren Borverbindungen schließen Alkalimetallsalze, Erdalkalimetallsalze und Ammoniumsalze von Borsäure, öllösliche Salze, die Alkalimetallborate darin enthalten und Gemische davon ein.
  • Spezielle Beispiele des Alkalimetallsalzes, Erdalkalimetallsalzes und Ammoniumsalzes einer Borsäure, die ebenfalls die Borverbindungen der vorliegenden Erfindung darstellen, schließen Lithiumborat, wie Lithiummetaborat, Lithiumtetraborat, Lithiumpentaborat und Lithiumperborat, Natriumborate, wie Natriummetaborat, Natriumdiborat, Natriumtetraborat, Natriumpentaborat, Natriumnexaborat und Natriumoctaborat, Kaliumborate, wie Kaliummetaborat, Kaliumtetraborat, Kaliumpentaborat, Kaliumhexaborat und Kaliumoctaborat, Calciumborate, wie Calciummetaborat, Calciumdiborat, Tricalciumtetraborat, Pentacalciumtetraborat und Calciumhexaborat, Magnesiumborate, wie Magnesiummetaborat, Magnesiumdiborat, Trimagnesiumtetraborat, Pentamagnesiumtetraborat und Magnesiumhexaborat, Ammoniumborate, wie Ammoniummetaborat, Ammoniumtetraborat, Ammoniumpentaborat und Ammoniumoctaborat und Gemische davon ein. Beliebige von diesen Verbindungen, ob sie Kristallisationswasser enthalten oder nicht, sind verwendbar. Wie vorstehend beschrieben, ist es erwünscht, als Borverbindung der vorliegenden Erfindung das Alkalimetallsalz, Erdalkalimetallsalz oder Ammoniumsalz einer Borsäure, nachdem es in einem Lösungsmittel gelöst oder dispergiert wurde, zur Verbesserung seiner Löslichkeit in einem Grundöl anzuwenden.
  • Beispiele des öllöslichen Salzes, das ein Alkali(Erdalkali)-Metallborat enthält, wobei die löslichen Salze, die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäße Borverbindung darstellen, jene, erhalten durch Umsetzen eines neutralen Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallsalzes mit einer öllöslichen organischen Säure - wie Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallsulfonate, Alkali-(Erdalkali)- Metallsalicylate, Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallphenate und Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallcarboxylate - mit einer Borsäure, Borat oder Borsäureester in Gegenwart einer Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallbase und jene, erhalten durch Umsetzen eines basischen Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallsalzes einer öllöslichen organischen Säure, wie überbasischen Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallsulfonaten, Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallsalicylaten, Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallphenaten und Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallcarboxylaten - mit einer Borsäure, Borat oder Borsäureester einschließen.
  • Beispiele des Alkalimetalls schließen Lithium, Natrium und Kalium, jene des Erdalkalimetalls schließen Magnesium, Calcium und Barium und jene der Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metallbase schließen Hydroxide und Oxide des Alkali-(Erdalkali)-Metalls ein. Als Borsäure, Borat und Borsäureester können Verbindungen, die ähnlich zu jenen sind, die nach der Borsäuremodifizierung der Stickstoff-enthaltenden Verbindung verwendet werden oder höhere Alkoholester, die vorstehend beschrieben wurden, angewendet werden.
  • Zur Verbesserung der Leistung der Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung der vorliegenden Erfindung können der Zusammensetzung ein oder mehrere Additive, beispielsweise Fänger für saure Substanzen und/oder aktive Substanzen, wie freie Radikale, beispielsweise Phenylglycidylether, Butylphenylglycidylether, Nonylphenylglycidylether und Epoxyverbindungen, wie epoxylierte Pflanzenöle, Phenoltyp- und Amintyp-Antioxidantien, Extremdruckadditive, wie Phosphatester, Phosphitester, Säurephosphatester, Hydrogenphosphitester, Chloride von Phosphatestern, Phosphitester, Säurephosphatester, Hydrogenphosphitester und Hydrogenphosphitester und Aminsalze davon, Öligkeitsverbesserer, wie höhere Alkohole, höhere Fettsäuren und Fettsäureester, Metalldesaktivatoren, wie Benzotriazol, zugesetzt werden. Die vorstehend beschriebenen Additive können entweder einzeln oder in Kombination verwendet werden.
  • Spezielle Beispiele der in Kombination mit der Kühlmittelöl-Zusammensetzung der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendbaren Kühlmittel schließen Fluoralkan-Kühlmittel, wie Difluormethan (HFC-32), Trifluormethan (HFC-23), Pentafluorethan (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorethan (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2- Tetrafluorethan (HFC-134a), 1,1,2-Trifluorethan (HFC-143), 1,1,1-Trifluorethan (HFC-143a), 1,1-Difluorethan (HFC-152a) und ein Gemisch von mindestens zwei von ihnen ein.
  • Wenn eine Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung gemäß der Erfindung in einer Kältemaschine verwendet wird, wird sie gewöhnlich in Form einer flüssigen Zusammensetzung, die das vorstehende Kühlmittel eingemischt darin enthält, verwendet. Keine besondere Begrenzung wird ihrem Mischverhältnis auferlegt; es ist jedoch erwünscht, in einem gemischten Zustand 1-500 Gewichtsteile, vorzugsweise 2-400 Gewichtsteile der Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung pro 100 Gewichtsteile des Kühlmittels anzuwenden.
  • Die Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzungen gemäß der Erfindung können in Geräten breit verwendet werden, die Kältemaschinen vom Kühlmittelverdichtungstyp anwenden, wie Kühlschränke, Gefrierkammern, Verkaufsautomaten, Kühltheken, Klimaanlagen für Zimmer oder Kraftfahrzeuge, Entfeuchter und chemische Fabriken.
  • Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nun im einzelnen mit Bezug auf die Beispiele und Vergleichsbeispiele beschrieben. Es sollte jedoch selbstverständlich sein, daß die Erfindung mit Hilfe der Beispiele in keiner Weise begrenzt wird. (Beispiele 1-22 und Vergleichsbeispiele 1-8)
  • Nachstehend sind die Borverbindungen und Grund-öle, die in Beispielen und Vergleichsbeispielen der vorlie-genden Erfindung angewendet werden, angeführt.
  • Verbindung A: Bernsteinsäureimid, modifiziert mit Borsäure
  • Verbindung B: Ein Gemisch von Borsäureestern mit C&sub1;&sub6;- und C&sub1;&sub8;-Alkoholen (C&sub1;&sub6;:C&sub1;&sub8; = 50:50 Mol-%)
  • Verbindung C: Borsäuretribenzylester
  • Verbindung D: Kaliumtetraborat (K&sub2;B&sub4;O&sub7; 4H&sub2;O) (angewendet in Form einer 5-gewichtsprozentigen Lösung in Propylenglycol)
  • TCP: Phosphorsäuretricresylester
  • TOP: Phosphorsäuretrioctylester
  • OAL: Oleylalkohol
  • STA: Stearinsäure
  • MOE: Ölsäuremethylester
  • Esteröl: Ein Tetraestergemisch von Pentaerythrit mit 2-Methylhexansäure und 2-Ethylhexansäure (75 Mol-% 2-Methylhexansäure + 25 Mol-% 2-Ethylhexansäure)
  • PAG: Polyoxypropylenglycolmonomethylether (mittleres Molgewicht: 1300).
  • Modifiziertes PAG: Polyoxypropylenglycol, α,ω-Diethylcarbonat (mittleres Molekulargewicht: 2000)
  • Die Zusammensetzungen von Beispielen und Vergleichsbeispielen werden in Tabelle 1 gezeigt. Jede davon wurde einem Verschleißtest unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse des Tests werden in Tabelle 1 zusammengefaßt.
  • (Verschleißtest)
  • Jede Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung und jedes HFC- 134a-Kühlmittel wurden in einem Hochdruckgefäß gewogen. Das Letztere, HFC-134a, wurde zu dem Kühlmitteldruck von 10 kgf/cm² gewogen. Ein Verschleißtest wurde in dem Gefäß durch Anwenden eines scheibenförmigen Teststückes und Flügeln in Kombination verwendet. Ein Satz von drei Flügeln wurde in Kontakt an dem Teststück radial installiert und rotieren lassen. Das scheibenförmige Teststück wurde am Boden des Gefäßes befestigt und eine Last wurde aufwärts vom Boden der Scheibe durch hydraulischen Druck angewendet.
  • Als Teststück wurden Aluminium (AC8A) und Eisen (SUJ2) verwendet.
  • Der Test wurde bei 80ºC für eine Stunde mit einer Drehgeschwindigkeit von 3000 U/min durchgeführt. Nach Abschluß des Tests wurde die Beanspruchungsbeständigkeit gemäß dem Beanspruchungsverlust (mg) der Flügel bewertet. Tabelle 1 (1) Tabelle 1 (2)
  • (1) Flügel (Eisen: SUJ2) und Scheibe (Aluminium: ACBA) Kombination
  • (2) Flügel (Aluminium: ACBA) und Scheibe (Aluminium: ACBA) Kombination
  • Wie aus Vergleichsbeispiel 2, 4 und 8 ersichtlich ist der Verschleißverlust von Eisen erhöht, wenn TCP zugegeben wird, jedoch zeigt jener von Aluminium eine ziemlich ansteigende Tendenz. Wenn die Borverbindung A oder D gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, wie in den Beispielen gezeigt wurde, eingesetzt wurde, war der Verschleißverlust von Aluminium andererseits extrem gering. Auch die kombinierte Verwendung der Verbindung mit TCP verminderte den Verschleißverlust von Eisen ohne Erhöhung von jenem von Aluminium.
  • Es ist aus den Vergleichsbeispielen 5 und 6 ersichtlich, daß OAL, MOE und dergleichen, die als Öligkeitsverbesserer oder Gefriersteuerungsmittel für Maschinenöle angewendet wurden, keine Wirkung zeigte, auch wenn Kältemaschinenöl vom Verdichtertyp zugegeben wurde, das aus einem Sauerstoff-enthaltenden Grundöl besteht und in Form eines Gemisches mit einem Fluoralkan-Kühlmittel verwendet wurde. Es ist ersichtlich, daß die kombinierte Verwendung der Borverbindung gemäß vorliegender Erfindung jedoch eine gewisse Wirkung bei der Abriebbeständigkeit zeigte.
  • Wie vorstehend beschrieben, zeichnet sich die Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung durch geringen Verschleißverlust, auch in Gegenwart eines Fluoralkans, aus.

Claims (9)

1. Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung für ein Fluoralkankühlmittel, umfassend:
(a) ein Grundöl, hauptsächlich zusammengesetzt aus einer sauerstoffenthaltenden Verbindung;
(b) 0,005-5,0 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung, einer Borverbindung, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Alkalimetallboraten, Erdalkalimetallboraten, Ammoniumboraten und Gemischen davon; und
(c) ein Lösungsmittel, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einwertigen Alkoholen, Glycolen, Lösungsmitteln der Cellosolve-Reihe in einer solchen Menge, daß die Menge von (b), bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von (b) und (c), 0,1- 50 Gew.-% wird.
2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die sauerstoffenthaltende Verbindung ein Ester oder Polyglycol ist.
3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Ester aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus zweibasigen Säureestern, Polyolestern, Komplexestern und Polyolcarbonatestern, ausgewählt ist.
4. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Polyglycol aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Polyalkylenglycolen, veretherten Polyalkylenglycolen und modifizierten Verbindungen davon, ausgewählt ist.
5. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die sauerstoffenthaltende Verbindung in einer Menge von mindestens 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Grundöls, enthalten ist.
6. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die sauerstoffenthaltende Verbindung in einer Menge von mindestens 70 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Grundöls, enthalten ist.
7. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Borverbindung in einer Menge von 0,01-2,0 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Zusammensetzung, enthalten ist.
8. Flüssige Zusammensetzung für eine Kältemaschine, umfassend 100 Gewichtsteile eines Fluoralkankühlmittels und 1-500 Gewichtsteile der Kältemaschinenölzusammensetzung von Anspruch 1.
9. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Kühlmittel mindestens ein Fluoralkan, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Difluormethan (HFC-32), Trifluormethan (HFC-23), Pentafluorethan (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorethan (HFC- 134), 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethan (HFC-134a), 1,1,2-Trifluorethan (HFC-143), 1,1,1-Trifluorethan (HFC-143a) und 1,1-Difluorethan (HFC-152a), ist.
DE69315637T 1992-08-05 1993-08-02 Fältemaschinenölzusammensetzung für Fluoroalkanekühlmittel Expired - Fee Related DE69315637T2 (de)

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